How to build

a fibre network
Developer Guide
Version 9.8
November 2022
 Contents

01 Internal equipment 07

02
Home wiring 09

03
Developer self-install 14

04 Cabling and ONT positioning 17

05 Single dwelling units (SDUs) 22

06 Multi dwelling units (MDUs) 24

07
Commercial units 28

08
Duct laying 31

09 Modular jointing chambers – QuadboxTM 35

10 Joint boxes, footways and frames & covers 38

11 List of abbreviations and acronyms 44

12
Health and safety advice 45

13
Quality control checklist 47

14
ONT plot stickers 49

15 Psychical Infrastructure Access (PIA) 53

3 4
 Copper lines on
Openreach New Sites
Openreach has announced its plans to
‘switch off’ the traditional analogue (PSTN)
Copper network by the end of 2025.
Between now and then, Openreach will move tranches of exchanges
into a ‘stop sell’ position when 75% of addresses in an exchange area
can get Ultrafast Full Fibre broadband (also known as Fibre to the
Premises or FTTP). This allows us to stop selling Copper WLR and
PSTN products to Communication Providers (CPs) at those addresses.
For new sites we want to ensure that we only build one infrastructure
which is Ultrafast Full Fibre. We want to remove the dependency on
providing small amounts of Copper solely for the purpose of special
service lines and from 15 November 2021 Openreach New Sites no
longer offers additional Copper for the sole purpose of service lines.
Your equipment providers or CPs should be able to supply an All-IP or
GSM based solution for existing Copper reliant services. Please contact
them directly to organise these solutions which will allow your sites be
fully FTTP serviced.
More information about Copper and FTTP Service Lines on New Sites
can be found on our website: openreach.co.uk/propertydevelopment

5 6
1. Internal equipment

Openreach Optical Network Termination (ONT)

and enclosure
The ONT is the Openreach demarcation point. • Optical port connects to the single ended internal
It replaces the traditional copper master socket. fibre cable (ezbend)
• Ethernet port connects to the communications
The Openreach ONT can be housed in an optional The enclosure fits over a standard
provider’s (CP) router.
enclosure providing space to manage the wiring, single or double back box, with
keeping everything neat and tidy. The enclosure mounting holes that allow horizontal
is designed for simple wall mounting with just two or vertical mounting.
screws. This enclosure can be ordered by your
Both ONTs shown on the opposite
FBC if required.
page share roughly the same
dimensions, making the enclosure
able to mount either ONT option.

181mm
Huawei 1+0 ONT Nokia 1+0 ONT
90mm

89mm

118mm

82mm 82mm

Please note
The 1+0 ONT no longer contains an Analogue Telephone Adapter (ATA) which converts digital signal into
traditional telephony dial tone. Telephony over fibre is now the responsibility of the communication provider,
and the home owner may need to plug their telephone into the communication provider’s router.
Homeowners should speak to their chosen service provider about the specifics of voice over fibre when
ordering their broadband service.

7 8
2. Home wiring

Option 1:
The wiring that you install in your customer’s
properties is pivotal to their experience. Optional ceiling
mounted wireless
Your internal wiring The simple install access point to improve
in-home Wi-Fi signal
installation options are
shown below
Implications of locating the communication
provider’s (CP) router in a cupboard
It is important to note that the Wi-Fi service your
customer receives is dependent upon the intended
location of the CP router. Placing the router in
a service cupboard or under stair cupboard will
significantly reduce the speed and coverage
your customer will receive. Bedroom
ONT CP
It is highly recommended that if you position the router
router in this way that you provide additional
RJ45 ports within the home.
Ideally for optimum speeds to be enjoyed using
Kitchen
Wi-Fi it is recommended that you locate the router
Power
centrally within the property.
For information, advice and guidance around
positioning, please refer to: PAS: 2016 Next
Generation Access for new Build Homes Guide. Living
room

Please note Please note

All internal wires and sockets beyond the ONT are the All installations of an Openreach ONT require at The simplest installation involves the provision of the Key
responsibility of the developer/future homeowner. least 1 power socket to be installed/available in the Openreach equipment (i.e. the ONT will be positioned Visible ethernet cable
same location. adjacent to the outside wall) to which the customer then Single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend)
If any part of the single ended internal fibre cable
(ezbend) is found to be damaged at commissioning, An additional socket is recommended if not provided attaches the router, provided by their communications Voice cable
it is the developer’s responsibility to replace it. RJ45 network ports throughout the home, as this provider (CP). Power cable
will be required by the CP router. This installation limits the number of physical connections Behind wall ethernet cable
If the homeowner experiences a lack of service
or poor service, due to a fault within the internal to the router and means the homeowner may not make ONT Optical Network Termination

installation of wiring, which requires Openreach the most of their FTTP connection due to the reliance on
to rectify, the homeowner will be charged. wireless connectivity.

9 10
Home wiring continued

Option 2: Option 3:
Relocating the router via internal network cabling The networked home

Optional ceiling Optional ceiling

Living mounted wireless mounted wireless
Bedroom Kitchen Bedroom Kitchen
room access point to improve access point to improve
in-home Wi-Fi signal in-home Wi-Fi signal

ONT
ONT CP
CP Home wiring – patch router
router

Homeowner switch
Power
Living
room

Relocating the communications provider (CP) router Key Further to the second option, this setup cables back from Key
provides a better quality wireless connection, as well as Visible ethernet cable the CP router position within the property to the under Visible ethernet cable
the ability to connect static devices such as TVs or games Single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend) stairs/service cupboard position of the Openreach ONT Single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend)
consoles physically. This allows these devices to take full Voice cable for the location of a patch panel. This means that, as much Voice cable
advantage of the high speeds and bandwidth of a Full Power cable as possible, any structured cabling is discreetly located Power cable
Fibre connection. Additional Cat6* cabling is required for Behind wall ethernet cable out of sight. Behind wall ethernet cable
this option from the ONT to the chosen relocation area. ONT Optical Network Termination A patch panel is the best option to intelligently connect ONT Optical Network Termination
This connection should terminate in an RJ45 socket.
multiple rooms with structured cabling. In this setup a
A power socket should be provided for the CP router
customer could also install an ethernet bridge/switch
next to this socket.
to further create a truly networked home.
*Cat6 is the preferred option to ‘future proof’ for modern devices

11 12
Home wiring continued 3. Developer self-install

Provision of the Openreach equipment • As a rule of thumb, single ended internal fibre cable
(ezbend) must not exceed the minimum bend
• The wiring pattern for cabling must be either
series or spur for voice cabling and point to point
When Openreach installs the equipment we will install If you are installing the ONT opposite the cable entry radius (i.e. no smaller than) of a £2 coin. for data cabling.
the ONT wherever the incoming fibre cable is located. hole, you will need to install a flush mounted single • Detailed information on cable installation and • We’d recommend data cabling rooms likely to
Where you self-install the ONT, you will have control or double back box on the internal wall where the separation is given in the British Standards Code benefit most from a physical connection, like
over when the equipment is installed. The ONT will ONT is to be located. of Practice 6701, Part 1 (particularlay clause 6) and the room with the main TV and the home office.
remain the property of Openreach in both installation the relevant sections of the latest IEE Regulations for
The ONT will be installed at this location unless
scenarios. electrical installation (Regulation 525 is of particular
an alternative position has been agreed with your importance).
Where you are self-installing the Openreach Field Based Co-ordinator (FBC) and the appropriate
equipment we will supply the ONT and the single single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend) is run in a
ended internal fibre cable (ezbend) you need. continuous fault-free length to the alternative position.

Internal Work at defined ONT and Communications

Provider router position
• Fit the electrical socket to the wall. Only a single • Fit RJ45 modular boxes. The number of these are
socket is required for the ONT, however a double to be determined by you, the developer, Openreach
socket is recommend if placing the communication recommend a minimum of two are fitted, one for
provider router next to the ONT. the communications provider router and the other
Please note • Fit the single or double back box to the wall. to the room requiring streaming media for example
for streaming high definition TV. See the internal
If single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend) is damaged by developers during installation then an • Fit the slave voice socket to the wall (can be modular
wiring section for further information.
internal Splice Point may be required to be fitted to complete installation. This will be undertaken at to house one voice port and one data port).
• All internal wiring to be run back to this point (daisy
commissioning stage by Openreach. chain for voice and point to point for data).
• See below for the recommended layout of sockets
on the wall, the layout can be mirrored.

Installation of internal cabling

Data cabling recommend
With the shift to full fibre networks, traditional Instead, Openreach highly recommends substituting ONT
analogue voice services are being phased out. with data cabling. This gives the future homeowner position
A full fibre network transmits a digital or All IP the flexibility to use the extension for data or, by using
signal rather than analogue. their own customer procured ATA, traditional
voice services.
In addition, the latest Openreach ONT variants no
longer come with an integrated ATA (Analogue It’s worth noting that most CPs are recommending
Telephone Adaptor). Some CPs may provide an their customers use VOIP (Voice Over IP) equipment
40mm 40mm
ATA port on their router, but this is dependent on for voice calls rather than ATA’s to convert the FTTP
the individual CP and therefore Openreach cannot IP signal to analogue. Homeowners can contact
guarantee the availability. Therefore, we strongly their CPs to find out more about the options for
recommend against installing traditional analogue voice services.
voice cabling and extension sockets around your
new build.

13 14
Developer self-install continued

Single dwelling unit at second fix (Internal Work)

• Remove the single or double back box faceplate • Attach the ONT to the casing using the mounting • C
 onnect the ethernet cable to the PORT
and feed the fibre cable through the large hold pegs. If using a Nokia ONT, ensure the 3 spacer port on the ONT. The other end of this
in the back of the casing. pegs on the casing are removed first. cable will be connected to the CP router
• Attach the casing to the back box. If mounting • Clean both the pre-connectorised green end or internal data cabling port.
over the back box is not an option, the casing of the internal fibre cable and the Optical port • Connect the mains adaptor to the ONT
can be attached directly to the wall using the of the ONT before inserting the cable. and plug into the mains socket.
supplied mounting template.

A video showing the installation of the internal equipment can be found on the Openreach developer
website:

Remove the cap from the green fibre connector and

the stopper covering the ONT port (2), disposing of
both. Clean the now exposed fibre plug and the port
of the ONT using a click cleaner (1) or cleaning swabs. Next steps
• Once the plot is complete contact your Openreach FBC as each plot is ready
1.
for connection (i.e. front door on; power on, ONT area decorated).
• Your Openreach FBC will then raise a job with the Openreach
teams to commission the plot(s).

2. 3.

Please note
Fibre cleaning kits for DSI installs must be purchased by the developer. Openreach recommends:
Sticklers CleanClicker - Product Code C05-5800 or the
Sticklers Cleaning Kit - Product Code C05-1313

15 16
4. Cabling and ONT positioning

Single dwelling units Complying with ONT in the default position

For single dwelling units single ended internal fibre A minimum of 3m of cable is required to be left building regulations When the ONT is to be fitted in the default position on
cable (ezbend) will be available in various lengths coiled externally. an internal wall directly opposite the entry position of
Even where you are not working with Openreach
and will be delivered on drums that can be ordered the service access hole adjacent to the external duct
Once the cable is installed then Openreach (or their or another infrastructure company to provide a
via the FBC. location, external capping will be fitted on completion.
third party) will visit to connect the cables from the functioning broadband and phone infrastructure to
Enough excess must be left coiled externally to allow plot back to the serving splitter location(s), mount the home, the Part R regulations require the provision To keep things tidy, make sure that the service access
connection to the cable coming from the duct, but the external capping and then commission the plot. of duct in the default position discussed below so hole is drilled in line with the duct and in keeping with
without too much excess slack. that infrastructure can be installed in the future. the dimensions shown opposite.
The service will be sealed with a grommet or mastic
before fitting the external capping.

Installation of pre-connectorised cable at first fix

(Internal Work)
Coil 1m of the pre-connectorised end of the cable to go to the ONT mounting point. Feed the cable
into the empty back box, taking care not to damage through the external wall to the splicing point outside
the green connector, then fit a blanking plate to help of the property, ready for Openreach to connect.
protect the fibre. Ensure the cap on the end of the
A minimum of 3m of cable is required to be left
green connector is kept on during construction
coiled externally, the cable can be cut and the end
to avoid damage to the fibre. 12mm diameter
covered with electrical tape if needed to keep the service hole for
The other (bare) end of the single ended internal right amount coiled outsaide the house. Avoid internal fibre
fibre cable (ezbend) should be installed internally to leaving any unnecessary slack cable in the wall
externally, as only the green SC-APC connector needs cavity of the house.
300-770mm

50mm duct
showing

Finished
ground level

Completed external
External presentation by developer presentation with capping

Single ended internal fibre cable Connectorised end of cable coiled in back box Please note
All internal wires and sockets beyond the ONT are the responsibility of the developer/future homeowner.
Any faults or defects resulting in an Openreach visit may incur a charge.

17 18
Cabling and ONT positioning continued

Wherever possible, the duct shall be positioned on the opposite Interconnecting voice lead (Item Code 077004) will be provided
side of the wall to where the ONT will be installed, removing free of charge by Openreach. It provides connectivity from the
the need to run internal fibre cables. ONT to a co-located voice socket/patch panel. On installation
it becomes the property of the homeowner. Alternatively,
However, there are cases where the kit will need to be installed away
the developer may choose to hardwire directly into a voice
from the external lead in and your FBC will be able to advise.
socket using a 431A Plug.

ONT installed inside the house Multiple dwelling unit Multiple dwelling unit
(non-default position) (external) – Next Steps
When the ONT is to be fitted in a non-default position The developer must run the single ended internal
• Fit all external duct from the site connection point • Once ductwork and cable has been run from
i.e. not directly behind the external entry point, such fibre cable (ezbend) in a continuous length, ensuring to the building entry position. communications room to Fibre DP/budi – contact
as in a utility cupboard, the above guidelines must be it remains free from any damage that could reduce FBC to gain confirmation that all cables are
• Fit all tray work from the building entry position to
followed to provide entry of the cable into the home. the lifespan of the cable, and keep the capping on run correctly.
and up the risers to the internal splitter position(s).
the connectorised end of the cable until the • FBC will then raise a job with the Openreach Internal
What will be different is the length of cable that • Run the fibre cable from the splitter or fibre
installation is complete. teams to commission the splitter(s).
will run from the entry point into the building to node/budi location to (and in) the riser to the
the Openreach ONT. In this case you have the Enough excess must be left coiled externally to allow communications room. • Once commissioning is complete contact FBC as
responsibility of running the single ended internal connection to the cable coming from the duct, but • Coil a minimum of 2m in the communications room. each plot is ready for connection (front door on,
fibre cable (ezbend) required inside the house in without too much excess slack. Around 2-3m of power on, ONT location is decorated).
• Coil a minimum of 2m at internal splitter position.
such a way that it is undamaged and complies cable is required to be left coiled externally. • FBC will then raise a job with the Openreach internal
• Ensuring bend radius of cable must meet all
with building regulations for the installation of teams to commission the plot(s).
A 1m portion of the internal cable should be left coiled necessary installation requirements i.e. no 90
telecommunications infrastructure cabling. degree bends (as per current copper process).
and housed within a flush mounted double back box
The same rules apply to the running of fibre cable and faceplate ready for Openreach provision of • If the risers are away from the point of entry but Fire stopping compartment
internally that are specified in the section on exterior the ONT. fed through a vented car park then the external penetrations
ducting. For example, the installation of the fibre cable can be fed on tray work.
It is important to select the right cable to achieve the All holes drilled through floors and fire compartment
cable in protective conduit and the absence of • If the risers are away from point of entry and fed
minimum excess slack. Any unavoidable extra slack walls must be fire proofed using correct materials to
a bend more than 90°. Once installed the ONT through a non-vented car park then an area needs
should be stored in a no drill zone wall cavity, taking to be allowed within 2m of point of entry to change prevent the spread of smoke in the event of a fire.
must be kept powered on.
great care not to loop the cable tightly as this will from external to internal cable. Openreach can provide these materials in either
If this option is followed but the cable is found to cause the cable to fail. cartridge (similar to silicone sealant) or putty form.
be damaged once in situ during construction work
inside the property, cables must be replaced before
the fibre service can be tested and called off by
your Openreach FBC.

19 20
Cabling and ONT positioning continued 5. Single dwelling units (SDUs)

Fixing cables securely Standard SDU Installation

If you’re running any cables through a fire protected area like a fire escape route, escape staircase or walkway,
the cable must be adequately secured using non-combustible fixings.
Wiring regulations must be followed, ensuring that wiring systems in escape routes are supported in such
a way that they will not be liable to premature collapse in the event of fire. This applies to all cabling and not
just electrical cables e.g. alarm, telecoms and control wiring. From January 2019 this will apply throughout
the installation as the 18th Edition wiring regulations come into force.

Issues with home wiring Impact on delivery of issues Single ended internal
fibre cable (ezbend)
• Single ended internal fibre cable (ezbend) • Delay in completion – Openreach may refuse to
too short, cut or damaged. cable if we can’t guarantee adequate protection.
External capping ONT ONT
• Defective or damaged home wiring creating • The capping and covers would look unsightly.
a fault on the line. • Failure to provide conduit can prevent a cable
• Extension sockets not connected to from being installed.
Openreach ONT. Footway box
• Customers may not be able to place orders and
• Bending radii exceeded causing reduced remedial work may incur additional costs.
levels of service due to fibre being broken
or the bend was too tight.
• Incorrect cable type or wiring configuration.

Impact on delivery Maisonettes

ONT
• Inability for Openreach to provide service and
developer requirement to re-provide single
ended internal fibre cable (ezbend).
• Poor user experience for home purchaser
with possibility of Openreach charges if
called upon to rectify.
• Slower data download speeds experienced.

Single ended
ONT internal fibre
cable (ezbend)

External
capping
(1 per plot)
ONT

Footway box

21 22
Single dwelling units (SDUs) continued 6. Multi dwelling units (MDUs)

Internal Duct Feed Openreach will create a fibre layout based on Your FBC will agree the location with you.
your Mechanical & Electrical (M&E) drawings (on Connectorised internal fibre cable needs to be run
larger MDUs) of the MDU. The design will calculate from each plot to the fibre DP location or basement
the materials required to build the network. Your box, depending on MDU layout. A minimum of 3m of
FBC is on hand to guide you through the ordering coiled cable needs to be left at the fibre DP, with 1m
Duct 56 to Property process to make sure the equipment is available left at the plot end. On most MDUs a tail cable may
(Under Slab) when you need it. The incoming Duct 54 and fibre be required to be run from the floor DP down the riser
cable will terminate in the communications intake to the basement box. A wayleave may be required
room or riser cupboard. This needs to be a secure from the building owner prior to installing apparatus
and safe location with access for installation and in common areas.
ONT any future maintenance visits.
Any internal duct feed must be sealed to prevent
Duct 56 Our fibre box/splitter needs to be installed at gas or water ingress. The required sealant can be
From Network a minimum height of 200mm and a maximum provided by your Openreach FBC.
(Underground) of 1500mm.

ONT
Small MDUs
Footway box

ONT

If internal duct feed to SDU plots is provided then The only current solution is to provide two separate
under no circumstance should a section of duct feed capping and covers side-by-side. Depending on the
directly from the underground jointing chamber to distance between the two cappings the fibre cable will
Floor DP
the inside of the house. be partly exposed on the outside wall of the house.
This is due to the risk of gas passing from the We are working closely with industry in regards to
underground network directly into the house. Modular and Passive Homes to ensure our installation
Instead, Openreach will only support internal duct methods comply with the building standards and
Connectorised
feeds where there is a separate duct section from methods being employed. If you are building houses fibre cable
the underground jointing chamber to the exterior of this type then we will develop a solution as part of
of the house and then a secondary separate duct the site design if our standard installation methods
which feeds under and then inside the house. are not suitable.
The two duct mouths on the external house should Any internal duct feed must be sealed to prevent
be located as close to each other as practically gas or water ingress. The required sealant can be
possible. Currently, Openreach does not have a provided by your Openreach FBC. Incoming Fibre
double duct capping and cover solution, but we Joint Box
are trialling some designs with industry.

Footway box

23 24
 Multi dwelling units (MDUs) continued
On most MDUs a tail cable
may be required to be run
from the floor DP (RDT) down
the riser to the basement box
BUDI (Basement) Box RDT (Riser) Box Large MDUs
Connectorised fibre cable
340mm 135mm option for installing fibre
in MDU

ONT
530mm

195mm
170mm 60mm
Floor DP

Fibre cable

Incoming
Fibre Joint Box

Footway box

295-360mm

500-550mm

145-175mm
For larger MDUs there may be a requirement These boxes/splitters will be connected with fibre
to install multiple fibre boxes and splitters. cable commonly housed within the riser space.

25 26
Multi dwelling units (MDUs) continued 7. Commercial units

Option where Openreach installs the equipment Small or Medium Enterprise (SME)
When Openreach is to install the ONT, 3m of cable Bends in fibre cable must be kept to a minimum and unit on a residential development
is required at the splitter/ floor DP location and the installation of trunking, cable trays/grids shall not
1m (2m if non-connectorised cable) at the ONT compromise the bending radii.
end of the installation.
Fibre cable containing no metal parts can be run on
Single ended internal
Each apartment will require a designated shared trays. Plate cable fixings with cable ties must fibre cable (ezbend)
connectorised internal fibre cable run in a be used to fix fibre cable direct to walls to avoid it
continuous fault-free condition from the being damaged.
designated ONT location within the
Under no circumstances should cable or tubing ONT
apartment to the floor DP within the riser.
be secured to or supported by the suspended
At the splitter locations the cable should be ceiling hangers or under floor support legs.It is the
clearly marked with the apartment number and developer’s responsibility to provide fire stopping
left safely coiled within the riser. on completion of the cable/tubing installation.
• Install a flush mounted double back box at Openreach networks must not interfere with or
the desired ONT location. be interfered with by other services within the riser
• Install the connectorised fibre cable from this or any other shared space, such as:
point to the designated riser termination point.
• Un-insulated hot water pipes.
• Ensure there is 1m of spare connectorised fibre
• Unscreened mains cables.
cable protruding from the back box.
• Fluorescent lighting. External
• Push some of the spare cable back into the capping
wall void and coil the remainder inside the • Heavy duty switch gear.
back box, taking care not to damage the
A wayleave may be required from the building
connectorised end.
owner prior to installing apparatus in common areas.
• Install blanking plate or brushed face plate to
Remember you may need to order copper lines for
protect cable ready for provision of ONT nearby.
commercial properties, for example lift lines.

External
fibre cable

ONT

Your FBC will advise of all cable marking/labelling and Conduit or trunking must not be used to carry external
Footway box
will check for this when ‘calling off’ the work. fibre cables beyond 2 metres from the building entry
point. Your FBC can provide more guidance if needed.
IET wiring regulations must be followed.
Internal fibre cable must not be bent beyond its
External cables can run to a maximum of 2m from
minimum radius. If it has been damaged or there is
the internal building entry point.
evidence of kinking it shall be discarded. Your FBC
From this point onwards, all external cables must will advise on replacement of the cable.
be terminated or transitioned to internal fibre cables
Care should be taken to avoid stretching cable/tubes
to comply with Fire Safety Regulation BS7671.
through installation. If cables are damaged this way
you will be required to replace them. Please note
The ONT position within the building is to be agreed between the FBC and the developer on site.

27 28
Commercial units continued

SME within an MDU Commercial unit within a commercial only site

Connectorised
fibre cable
option for
installing fibre
in MDU
Single ended internal
fibre cable (ezbend)

ONT ONT

Floor DP
External
capping

Fibre
cable
External
fibre cable

ONT
Incoming
Fibre Joint Box

Footway box

Footway box

29 30
8. Duct laying

Carriageway Road Crossings Ducting to the building Detectable Buried Service

Where our duct crosses a carriageway, adjoining Duct laid beneath a carriageway crossing must be Duct to the premises/building must be laid at Warning Tape
kerbs must be temporarily marked to note positions. a minimum of 450mm depth from the cover of the a minimum depth of 250mm and be as straight • Traceable warning tape must be installed on your
Openreach duct must be laid on an outer edge of final surface levels and, for engineering reasons as possible. site above all new duct and direct-in-ground cable
the service trench to enable box building. A draw (Streetworks UK), separated from other services as no locator signal can be sent over fibre cables.
rope will be inserted through the duct and secured laid in parallel by 450mm (to permit us to install Ducting general principles • Warning tape with a traceable wire running through
to the marker posts at both ends of the crossing. underground joint boxes without the need • All runs shall be laid as straight as possible. it will allow other utilities to locate our network
The appropriate Plug Duct 4B socket end and for bends). If needed, you can carefully bend the ducts or prior to excavation and help our Plant Protection
4C Spigot is then fitted. use pre-formed bends supplied by Openreach. Officers accurately mark-up network positions.
• There shall be no more than one pre-formed 90° • Tape must be placed approximately 75mm
bend in any single run of duct. above the installed duct or cable, in footways
• Pre-formed 90° bends shall not be installed and carriageways.
in any duct linking two joint boxes. • Installation of tape on site falls under current
• Footpath or service strip ducting must be SOD rebate requirements.
laid at a minimum of 250mm depth of cover. • Tape will be ordered by your FBC alongside other
• All space alongside the duct must be backfilled free issue materials.
with granular fill to a minimum thickness of 75mm. • Tape is a newly introduced item, therefore to locate
• For all single dwelling units (SDU) duct must be existing cables on site please follow the existing
terminated on the external surface of the property. guides and processes on locating our network
Draw rope Draw rope on our website: openreach.com/building-
• The duct termination point must be in a location
developers-and-projects/locating-our-network
that will allow unrestricted access for any future
maintenance activity. • Installation of warning tape on site will be
mandatory from January 2023
Footpath Footpath • All ducts must be provided with a draw rope after
installation, unless it’s agreed locally to substitute
Carriageway the draw rope with a cable.
450mm 450mm • Please notify your FBC when the duct has been
Openreach 90mm PVC duct laid and is ready for inspection.
• Any internal duct feed must be sealed to prevent
gas or water ingress. The required sealant can be
Draw rope through duct and fasten to a stake provided by your Openreach FBC.
on each side of the road crossing 250mm
Commercial unit ducting (Walkway)
Duct plug Duct plug 450mm
• 90mm duct can be laid either externally or internally
(Carriageway)
to the building, with 90 degree angled bend.
~75mm
• If internally then the duct should be sealed once
cabling is complete – the FBC will provide this as a
stores item.
• The termination point on a large commercial unit
within a commercial only site should be located
within 10m of the entry point.
Footway box Footway box

Open trench excavations

Please note
Footway box Footway box The latest information on the positioning of utilities, mains and plant can be obtained from Streetworks
UK: streetworks.org.uk

31 32
Duct laying continued

Arrangement of mains services Avoiding damage to the Openreach underground network

Openreach has an extensive underground network By working together, we want to make sure you
that can be located inside/on the perimeter of a site. avoid the repair and associated cost which can
consist of one or more of the following:
This network is vulnerable to excavation related
damage unless appropriate precautions are taken. • Direct Cost – the cost of repair.
The precautions for avoiding damage to an • Operational Cost – delays associated with repair.
Recommend depth
underground utility plant are contained within the • Social Cost – loss of service to emergency services/
of utility apparatus
Health & Safety Guide no. 47: “Avoiding danger centres or the vulnerable in society.
from underground services”.
Available here:
hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/hsg47.htm
Typical issues with carriageway
This document stresses the need for the availability road crossings
of utility plans on site and the use of safe digging
1 2 3 4 5 practices. • Insufficient depth.
• Proximity to other services.
Damage to the Openreach network by a third party
can be expensive for that party to repair. Impact of issues
You will have to renew duct and this may delay any
first occupation date or subsequent occupation dates.

450 295 295 270 260 430

Click Before You Dig

To obtain a more precise location of Utilisation of the Openreach “Click Before You Dig”
Footpath Carriageway Openreach infrastructure (either within free service has a proven record of minimising the
potential for damage and cost.
your site or the adjoining land) and
avoid costly damage, email: If you need to move or consult on existing Openreach
cbyd@openreach.co.uk equipment, contact us on
Key
0800 783 2023
1. Electricity / HV 450 to 1200mm / LV 450mm
or complete the online webform at
2. Cable TV 250 to 350mm
3. Gas 600mm
4. Water 750mm
5. Telecommunications 250mm

33 34
9. Modular jointing chambers – Quadbox TM

The optional approved pre-formed Furniture

chamber system Quadbox™ can be used
Cable brackets and steps (where required) are supplied in a bagged kit and easily slot into purpose designed
to speed up the installation process and pockets in the chamber. The brackets and steps drop into preformed slots.
bring significant productivity benefits
as there is no need for specialist box
building teams and concrete backfill
to be used.
The Quadbox™ is not a free stores item from
Openreach, but can be purchased directly from
our two approved suppliers, Radius Systems and
Cubis. These suppliers provide modular boxes in
both black and grey and are the only approved
suppliers for Openreach. For purchasing enquiries
please contact the sales and marketing manager
for Radius at the following details:
Sandra Davoust McCann
Email: Sandra.DavoustMcCann@radius-systems.com
Tel: +44 (0)28 3844 6060
Quadboxes can also be sourced from a number of
nationwide builders’ merchants. This may be more
suitable for smaller sites that need lower quantities.
Joint box modular footways 104 and 106 are the
Openreach approved versions (BT specification
LN712). Box furniture items slot into moulded
pockets within the chamber, eliminating the need
to cast-in fixings or drill on site. Duct entries are
also easy to achieve, using a standard hole saw
mounted on a cordless drill.
The lightweight high-strength system is supplied
as 150mm deep twin wall high-density polyethylene
(HDPE) rings to provide maximum flexibility and
strength which are simply stacked on a prepared
base and backfilled with suitable as-dug or Type 1 Available Size Range
material.
See the suppliers Installation Guide which comes Product Clear Depth Per
with your box. If purchasing a pre-formed chamber Code opening Section
please speak to your FBC who can order all
associated box furniture. JMF104 915x445mm 150mm

JMF106 1310x610mm 150mm

At least 5 sections are needed to meet the

minimum box depth of 750mm.

35 36
Modular jointing chambers – QuadboxTM continued 10. J oint boxes, footways
and frames & covers
Duct entries Footway (JBF104/106)
Duct entries can be cut as and where required using Joint box designs and specifications may vary depending on the duct layout and whether multi-way ducts
a hole saw mounted on a cordless drill. or major road crossings need to be incorporated into the network design.
The chambers incorporate guides which identify Full technical drawings and specifications for all joint and footway boxes can be found at:
drilling points to ensure correct duct spacing. openreach.com/fibre-broadband/fibre-for-developers/guides-and-handbooks
A maximum of 4 duct entries can be made into a
single wall of the Quadbox™.
Materials
• Bricks: BS EN771-1. Stretcher Bond.
• Cement: BS EN197-1:2000 ordinary mix.
Three parts sand to one part cement.

Camber Adjustment Specifications

If the frame requires levelling to the ground surface, • Base: 150mm concrete, clean and level. • Workmanship, materials and method of
or to a newly raised surface level, rising frame units • Brickwork: Keyed in at the corners and pointed. construction are to comply with all current relevant
(as shown) are available as an option. These should contract documents, British Standards and codes
• Frame and cover: Set on a mortar bed and fitted
be used in conjunction with mortar to build the frame of practice for the construction industry.
squarely to the box structure. You can purchase
up to the required level. Where levels mean that the • Concrete to be grade C32/40 with a water cement
lifting keys for the covers from TW Engineering Co
cover needs raised by more than the 50mm allowable ratio 0.4 minimum. Cement content 380kg/m .
Ltd at www.twtools.co.uk (tel: 0115 932 3223).
mortar bed, bricks, quarry tiles etc. should not be used Aggregate maximum size 20mm. All in accordance
• Duct entries: Must not enter through corners and
to adjust the height of the cover. with BS8500.
be no less than 75mm from the side wall. They shall
A further Quadbox section should be cut horizontally enter wall at a minimum depth of 250mm from the • All ducts shown are based on maximum
(minimum depth to be a 40mm wall section), with the top of the frame, cut flush and clear the base by a recommended values for Duct Type 54D.
voids of the cut chamber filled with C32/C40 concrete minimum of 100mm. • End ducts to be inline.
or mortar. • Ducts to be positioned not less than 75mm from
• Bolts: Must be fitted in each box to allow ironwork
to be installed by the developer. a side wall.
• Step(s): One step is required in all boxes deeper • Mesh to be grade B500B or B500C conforming
than 700mm. to BS4483.
• JBF104(C): 915mm(L) x 445mm(W) x 750mm(D). • Short lengths of Duct 54D 90mm to be used
• JBF104(D): 915mm(L) x 445mm(W) x 900mm(D) on non-ducted routes. Appropriate duct to be
the minimum depth for boxes either side of road used on ducted routes.
crossings. • Where instructed to do so drill one set of three
• JBF106(C): 1310mm(L) x 610(W) x 750(D). holes using a 12mm masonry drill bit to a depth
of 80mm for future fitting of equipment mounting
• JBF106(D): 1310mm(L) x 610(W) x 900(D)
bracket.
the minimum depth for boxes either side of
road crossings. • For details and specs on using corbelling visit the
link at the top of this page.
Quadbox points of note • All backfill material to be class 6N type.
• As with brick built chambers, care should be taken to make sure:
• The box is set at the correct depth and the base/plinth is installed correctly.
• The side wall is not damaged/misshapen due to over compaction. Please note
• The frame is level with the surface and a core drill is used for cutting duct entries.
At no time must minimum box depth be compromised. Consult your FBC if the minimum depth
• The wall bearers are provided by Openreach and can be ordered by your FBC.
cannot be achieved.

37 38
Joint boxes, footways and frames & covers continued

Joint box footway 104 – the preferred option Joint box footway 106
Internal dimensions. Brickwork Stretcher Bond. Internal dimensions. Brickwork Stretcher Bond.
Dimensions in mm (not to scale). Dimensions in mm (not to scale).
• Maximum depth 900mm • Minimum depth for road crossing 600mm
• Sump to be fitted in boxes deeper than 700mm

Bolts foundation for

Bolts foundation for
wall bearer/brackets
wall bearer/brackets

250
min
250
min

Concrete
Concrete base
base

39 40
Joint boxes, footways and frames & covers continued

Carriageway boxes Frames and Covers

Full technical drawings and specifications for all carriageway boxes can be found at Cubis Industries is the only supplier of these
openreach.com/fibre-broadband/fibre-for-developers/guides-and-handbooks Openreach approved products.
Only approved frames and covers shall be fitted
X1 on your site. They are identifiable by the following
Y1
markings; ‘EN24 B125’ the British Standards
Y2 X2 kitemark the Manufacturer Mark (SID), the year
of manufacture and the BT identifier.
The ‘standard frames and covers’ are supplied
z by Openreach. They consist of a galvanised steel
fabricated frame, fitted with unfilled galvanised
steel fabricated cover trays and cross-beams.
a All covers can be fitted to brick or concrete.

Box Dimensions (mm)

Please note
Excavation Size Box Opening Size Where there’s evidence or high risk of vehicles
using the soft verge e.g. as an undertaking area
Box Type X1 Y1 X2 Y2 Z a opposite a T-Junction, a passing point on a narrow
road or a parking area, it will be necessary to install
JBC2(N) 1650 1110 1220 680 Min Depth 225
a ‘carriageway chamber, frame and cover’. There is
635
JBC3(N) 1040 1040 610 610 150 also an optional ‘recessed frame and cover’.
Max Depth
JBC4(N) 1345 875 915 445 900 200

Recessed frames and covers

These can be purchased by the installer as an 
Materials Brickwork option to the ‘standard frame and cover’.
• Bricks: Minimum Class B Engineering Bricks, • English bond, flush pointed Each cover tray has two key-hole fittings (in the
BS EN1996 centre of the short side) one of which carries a BT
Frame and cover
• Cement: BS12:1996 – Specification for identity mark and the manufacturers’ three letter
Portland cement • Frame cover to be installed to DMRB CD534 identification ‘SID’. The other key-hole fitting displays
installation practices
• Concrete: C35/45, BS EN206 EN124 and B125 together with the BSI Kite mark
• Mortar: Class (iii), 1:5 CEMENT:SAND ratio (max) Lifting keys certifying the covers to BS EN124: 1994. Recessed
or 1:1:5 CEMENT:LIME:SAND • Key Joint Box Lifter should be used to lift the cover frames and covers will accommodate infill blocks
and can be purchased from TW Engineering Co Ltd to a maximum depth of 60mm. If you’re planning
Base at www.twtools.co.uk (tel: 0115 932 3223) or similar to install frames and covers that aren’t supplied by
• Cement: BS12:1996 – Specification for Portland supplier of your choosing Openreach e.g. for block paving, or you have any
cement doubts about what frames and covers to use,
• Concrete: 1 layer of A393 mesh to top face of base Ducting please speak to your FBC.
slab. Minimum 55mm cover to any face. B500B or • Duct to be cut flush to the internal box wall
B500C, BS4483 • Duct must not enter through corners and be no less
than 75mm from the side wall
• Duct to enter wall no less than 450mm from the top
of the frame

41 42
Joint boxes, footways and frames & covers continued 11. List of abbreviations and acronyms

Installation Openreach maintains that all reasonable care and skill In the event of a discrepancy between the contents
has been used in the compilation of this publication. of this document and the contract, the terms and
All frames and covers shall be levelled to the final running surface. However, Openreach shall not be under any liability conditions shall take precedence. This is a living
for loss or damage (including consequential loss) document and will be subject to update and change.
Where a box is located within grass, soft or unmade surfaces, the frame shall be surrounded with a 100mm whatsoever or howsoever arising as a result of the The information within this document is provided for
wide strip of minimum grade C25/30 concrete, to the full depth of the frame, finished level with the top use of this publication by the reader, his servants, information purposes only. The Contract and Price List
edge of the frame and the outside edge. It must be straight and parallel to the frame. agents or any third party. takes precedence.

Unapproved frames BSI British Standards Institute

and covers BT British Telecommunications

Unapproved frames and covers must not be fitted. CLI Customer Lead In
Openreach will take any necessary action against CP Communications Provider
any developer who fits unapproved frames and
covers within the network, including any potential DP Distribution Point
claim for damages and costs, with possible FDP Fibre Distribution Point
delayed Service On Demand (SOD) payments.
If you’re unsure how to specify approved covers, FTTP Fibre to the Premises
please contact your FBC. FBC Field Based Coordinator (formally New Site Representative)
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
IET Institute of Engineering and Technology
JBC (N) Joint Box Carriageway New Sites

Dropped kerb and JBF Joint Box Footway

LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen
shared surface MDU Multiple dwelling unit
Defined kerb line
chamber boxes separating road MJF Product code designation for the Cubis Industries–StakkaBox/Quadbox
If your site has shared surfaces for roads and and footway M&E Mechanical & Electrical
footways, please ensure the correct joint box is
installed based on the following guidelines. NJUG National Joint Utilities Group
• There must be a defined kerb line between the NTE Network Terminating Equipment
road and footway to install a footway spec box
or modular quadbox in the footway area NTP Network Terminating Point
• If no defined kerb line is present, a carriageway ONT Optical Network Termination
spec box must be installed as regular traffic Carriageway box
could pass over these areas required in this area PAS Publically Available Specification

• Driveways attached to houses and entrances to PE Polyethylene

service areas do not require a carriageway spec
Example of a defined kerb line on a shared surface PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
box, so footway and modular quadboxes can be
used for these areas RFH Reduced Fire Hazard
SID Manufacturers three letter identification
SDU Single dwelling units
SOD Service on Demand
UG Under Ground

43 44
12. Health and safety advice

This guidance is a practical aid for designers and site workers Amber lists
on what to eliminate, avoid and consider when working on the Products, processes and procedures to be eliminated or reduced as far as possible
Openreach network on your site. and only specified or allowed if unavoidable. Including amber items would always
lead to the provision of information to the principal contract or contractor where
The advice is not exhaustive so speak to your Field Based only one contractor has been appointed.
Co-Ordinator (FBC) if you need further information. Distribution point (DP) location Cabling routes and lead-ins
• DPs located into voids or enclosed spaces • Routing of cables where the cables are above
provided with ventilation systems built in. head height within false ceiling systems.
Aerial and antenna transmission/ • Routing of cables internally where access points
Red lists receiver systems require use of access equipment (ladders, step-
ladders or platform steps) to allow for pulling in
Hazardous procedures, products and processes that should • EMF exclusion zones adequately managed of cables.
with fixed barriers or partitioning systems.
be eliminated from the project where possible
Distribution point (DP) location Cabling routes and lead-ins
• Placing DPs into voids or other enclosed • Routing of cables where the cables are above
spaces with inadequate ventilation. head height within false ceiling systems without
• Placing DPs adjacent to, or above, any a proper access system incorporated. Green lists
fragile surface. • Routing of cables external to building requiring Products, processes and procedures to be positively encouraged.
• Placing DPs directly above, or adjacent to, specialist access methods (scaffold, mobile
water features/courses etc. elevating work platform etc.) • Adequate access for vehicles to minimise • Provision of adequate air handling/
• No internal ducting laid into single dwelling reversing requirements (one-way systems and conditioning and ventilation for the installed
• Locating DP at greater than 1.5 meters
units (SDUs). turning radii) in particular if specialist vehicles equipment base within the communications
above finished floor level (without fixed
will need access (pole erection units, MEWP room (and people having to access and work
access system incorporated into design).
Aerial and antenna transmission/ vehicles etc.). within the area).
Power systems receiver systems • Provision of adequate access and headroom • Early installation of permanent means
for maintenance in communications rooms, of access, and prefabricated access systems
• Ensure all power installation meets relevant • Not mounted on building walls or other difficult
and adequate provision for replacing heavy with hand rails.
standards, and where DC supplies are planned to reach areas of a building.
components. • Provision of edge protection at permanent
seek further advice about requirements for • Design of roof mounted services that require
access (for maintenance and so on), without • Thoughtful location of mechanical and works where there is a foreseeable risk of falls
earthing of racks, power supply ratings etc.
provision for safe access (such as barriers) in electrical equipment, such as telecoms after handover (consider radio antenna or aerials
to take account of future needs and growth.
particular access for aerials/antennas systems. equipment, termination points, Wi-Fi transceivers installations on roof spaces).
etc. and so on to facilitate access, and placed • Encourage the use of engineering controls
away from crowded areas. to minimise the use of personal protective
• Lighting within communications rooms equipment.
adequate for fine tasks (fibre splicing, small
diameter copper wire terminations etc.)

45 46
13. Quality control checklist Item being audited Category
Duct properly trimmed and keyed when set in walls. Duct
Duct separation distance maintained, or exception agreement obtained
Duct
and documented.
To help make sure your site network is built to a high quality
Ducts laid at minimum depth (250mm), or exceptions agreed and documented.
standard, we’ve produced a checklist for each phase of the build. (To be viewed in footway where possible, if not check via Joint Box).
Duct

Your FBC will complete an online version of this checklist at each Joint Box constructed as planned, positioned correctly and conforms to drawings.
Duct
stage, this list can be used as a reference. Alternatives  agreed and documented.

Any subsequent changes to the site plan after stages have been signed off must be communicated Temporary duct seals fitted to agreed standard. Duct
and agreed with your FBC as soon as possible.
Ducts positioned correctly on external walls and in line with the cable entry point. Duct
Any re-work as a result of an out of date site plan could cause delivery delay and incur you costs in
Ducts positioned in line with the cable entry point. Plot
time related charges.
Customer cable entries correctly positioned and provided. Plot
If you have any questions about your development, please visit:
External cable/BFT protected and sealed. Plot
or call us on 0800 783 2023
Duct seal Plug 1A fitted. Plot
Back box installed at entry point. Plot
Back box fitted at a usable depth, within close proximity to a double 240v outlet
Plot
for FTTP services.
Item being audited Category
Location of unit entry point suitable for FTTP equipment. Plot
Base has been cast correctly. Joint Box
The property has been designed to accommodate voice and data wiring in a convenient
Reinforced base cast correctly for Joint Box Carriageway JBC (N). Joint Box Plot
place for home owners to use FTTP services.
Bearers and brackets fitted. Steps fitted where appropriate. Joint Box A permanent 240 volt supply is required for FTTP. Developer has been informed that no
Bolts fitted and positioned correctly during construction of boxes. Joint Box orders can be made or taken via a communications provider until all installation works of Plot
Openreach equipment into each plot has been completed and tested.
Joint Box constructed to correct dimensions and installed at the correct depth.
Joint Box Voice and data cabling provided and terminated correctly for FTTP services. Plot
Any deviations to plan recorded and signed off.
If FTTP self install development ONT, all leads connected correctly and plot
All concrete/brickwork carried out as per developer ‘How to’ guide specification. Joint Box Plot
commissioned.
Cement and brick types used as specified or exceptions agreed and documented. Joint Box
If self install not completed and Openreach completes all internal work then SOD
Plot
Frames and covers bedded and correctly installed payment for self install is not applied.
Joint Box
(if unmade surface, Joint Box frame secured).
All tubes or cables presented as per schematic diagram and capped. Multi dwelling unit
Joint Box constructed as planned, positioned correctly and conforms
Joint Box Designated track ways/trays supports in good working order with separations
to drawings. Alternatives agreed and documented. Multi dwelling unit
maintained.
Modular box installed and prepared as per instructions. Joint Box Connectorised fibre cable installed as per schematic in accordance with manufacturer’s
Multi dwelling unit
Ducts properly trimmed and keyed when set in walls. Joint Box specifications and IET wiring regulations. Cable labelled and coiled safely within riser.

External cable/Blown Fibre Tubing (BFT) protected and sealed in Joint Box. Joint Box Connectorised fibre cable installed with 1m of spare length protruding from the
Multi dwelling unit
back box to enable jointing.
Fibre cable and draw rope provided in sound condition and correctly 
Duct Back box fitted in each unit at a usable depth, within close proximity to a double
jointed where applicable. Multi dwelling unit
240v outlet for FTTP connectivity.
Cable/BFT left in planned location. Duct
Location of unit entry suitable for FTTP equipment. Multi dwelling unit
Correct rope/cables/tubing installed as per developer ‘How to’ guide. Duct
If FTTP self install development ONT, all leads connected correctly and
Multi dwelling unit
Correct type of duct provided and used. Duct plot commissioned.

Duct laid in required position, at correct depth and installed in the  If self install but Openreach completed all internal work then SOD payment
Duct Multi dwelling unit
correct position in the Joint Box. for self install is not applied.

47 48
14. ONT Plot stickers

Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker

1 11 21 31

Address Address Address Address

2 12 22 32

Address Address Address Address

3 13 23 33

Address Address Address Address

4 14 24 34

Address Address Address Address

5 15 25 35

Address Address Address Address

6 16 26 36

Address Address Address Address

7 17 27 37

Address Address Address Address

8 18 28 38

Address Address Address Address

9 19 29 39

Address Address Address Address

10 20 30 40

Address Address Address Address

49 50
ONT Plot stickers continued

Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker Plot # ONT Barcode Sticker

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

Address Address Address Address

51 52
15. Psychical Infrastructure Access (PIA) Notes

PIA allows non-Openreach network providers to share Openreach’s

network infrastructure, which on Full Fibre new sites consists
mainly of ducts and chamber boxes. PIA can also be used to share
telegraph poles as well as underground infrastructure.
PIA allows multiple network providers to deliver service on a new site development without requiring different
ducts and chamber boxes for each service.

Non-Openreach network providers will have to be invited onto site by you as a developer to be a part of a PIA
delivery, Openreach is unable to provide this initial contact. If you have a non-Openreach network provider
interested in a PIA product, inform your Openreach FBC and they will guide you through the following steps.

• An initial site meeting between you the developer, • Y

 our FBC will perform a series of checks to ensure
your Openreach FBC and the non-Openreach the non-Openreach network provider has various
network provider will be completed to discuss requirements in place to allow the PIA product to
the PIA proposal be legally used
 our FBC will share the required quality standards
• Y  our FBC will confirm when the duct and chamber
• Y
with you the developer and the non-Openreach box work has been completed to allow the non-
network provider Openreach network provider to install their
equipment

Please ensure your FBC is made aware of any non-Openreach network planned to be installed
on site during your initial site visit to allow the above process to be followed.
More information about PIA can be found on the Openreach website:
openreach.co.uk/cpportal/products/passive-products/physical-infrastructure-access(PIA)

53 54
Notes

55 56
openreach.co.uk
The telecommunications services described in this publication are subject to availability and may be modified from time to time. Services and equipment are
provided subject to British Telecommunications plc’s respective standard conditions of contract. Nothing in this publication forms any part of any contract.
Openreach and the Openreach logo are trademarks of British Telecommunications plc.
© British Telecommunications plc 2022. Openreach Limited. Registered office: Kelvin House, 123 Judd Street, London WCIH 9NP.
Registered in England and Wales no. 10690039.
Produced and designed by Openreach

PHME 87500

57 58