Ap Notes:

Hope this helps everyone

-Eve

Renaissance - Means ‘Rebirth’ (French)

Humanism giving the point to move forward to the Renaissance

The Renaissance affected the:

Church - They wanted to Reform the Church because of the Abuse of the Power

Discovery - The Age of the Exploration

The decrease of the belief of the Church caused the Rise of Science

(Funny Footnotes: Italy stopped trading Alums with the Turks because they found Alum mines in
Northern Italy)

Little things to remember:

Scientific Revolution:
Without the Reformation of the Church the Rise Of Science would have not have happened

The invention of the Printing press by Gutenberg made people think out of reason and other things
rather than religion alone. The information that was spread and learnt was no longer solely
controlled by nobles and the Church! Now the common people had access to literature.

The Renaissance started in Italy, because it was a port where goods and merchandise were sold
coming from the Asian silk Road. It received ideas coming from the Middle East and the Far East.

Humanism gave value to one's life, and the philosophy appreciated human freedom and creativity.
(Scroll down to Francesco Petarch)

Humanists believed that people can create a life for themselves despites social class or Family.

The age of Exploration:

The three G’s stand for: Glory, God and Gold
European Exploration started in the 15th century in places that have never been discovered.

Europe in the early 1400’s was a time where the common people only did things to survive.
But the rich had luxurious comforts and were able to enjoy spices and silks and fine ceramicware.
But most of their merchandise came from Italian and Arab traders that charged high prices for
exports from Asia.
They planned to find their own route to Asia so they could send their Merchants that could trade
directly to Asia, that way they could keep the profits of the Trade.
Mercantilism was a big point in the age of exploration. It taught the Europeans that a country earns
more bullion (silver and gold) by selling products.

Spices also contributed, they were important for dying clothes, preserving food, aromatherapy
painting, etc.

Technological advances also helped in hastening the age of exploration.

Inventions such as:

Compass and astrolabe, the compass was from China and Astrolabe was from the Arabs. The
Astrolabe helped tell you the distance of your destination from you based on the stars.

The Portuguese improved the ships for sea navigation. Caravels were an example of this. They were
even used by Christopher Columbus when he discovered the Americas. (They have triangle sails)

Also they had improved maps

Portugal: Had most of Asia because they were pioneers in sea faring. They had southwest India,
Japan, Macao, Java and Sumatra Moluccas
France: Created a French East India company in 1674, and mainly controlled Pondicherry in India
Netherlands: Also had an East India Company, and controlled some Indonesian islands like
Sumatra, Spice islands and Java. And in 1638 controlled trading posts in Nagasaki, Japan.
Spain: Most of their colonies lay in the west, and in Asia they only had the Philippines.
Great Britain: They instituted the English East India Company in India for 350 years, Indochina,
Malayan Peninsula and Singapore.

Things you might need to know:

Muslim Empire that Monopolized the trade between Asia and Italy: Ottoman Turks
The Pioneering European Nation during the Age of Exploration: Portugal
The term New world was used to refer to it: Americas
The Spanish couple who patronized Naval Expeditions: Ferdinand and Isabella
When Ferdinand Magellan Arrived in the Philippines: 1521
Ended the Aztec empire: Hernan Cortes
Famous french Explorer who invested in the Fur Business in Canada and arrived in Louisiana in
1682: De La Salle
Known to be the brightest Jewel of the English Crown: India
Introduced Christianity to Japan: St. Francis Xavier
Indian Soldiers under Colonial British Military: Sepoy
The Pope who divided the world into Two parts, East for Portugal and West for Spain: Alexander
VI
First Spanish Governor General in the Philippines in 1572: Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
Italian Explorer Christoper Columbus made landfall in: The Bahamas

Industrial revolution:
The industrial revolution started in Great Britain from 1750-1850.

There are two types of Industries:

Cottage Industry: More on quality than Quantity, More on small business located at the house.
Commercial Industry: More on Quantity than Quality
Agriculture:
The first development of the Industrial Revolution
With the use of machines it improved the quantity of food so the population rose quite high.

The working conditions were also very poor, things like: Cramped space, Poor working conditions,
Dangerous Machinery, Monotone routine and Eventual Child Labour.

Political Revolution:
American Revolution: When Great Britain controlled over America and they revolted
-The declaration of independence states that all men are equal, the government has to protect these
rights, and if they don’t the people have the right to revolt.
-The Navigation Acts and The Stamp acts were one of the causes of the revolt.
-Boston Massacre, of 1770 when Englishmen Killed 5 Americans
-Boston tea party; where Americans threw out boxes of tea which were probably decades worth of
the drink.
-After 7 years of war they gained independence, and the establishment of the USA was under the
declaration of Independence in 1776.

French Revolution: When the French was upset with its monarchy and they beheaded them
-First Estate was clergy and Church Leaders, Second Estate was the Nobility and the Third Estate
were the common people
-The third estate paid heavy taxes while the Second and First did not.

Here are the names you need to know!

Medicis:
-Known to be the richest Italian Family in the Renaissance period. They gave out loans to the Pope
and Lorenzo de Medici was a patron of Art.

Thomas Stanford:
First Governor of the English East India Company\

Arts:
(Side note try remember their names like the Ninja turtles because they have the same names)

Leonardo da vinci
-Painted the Mona Lisa
-Drawn the Viruvian man

Donatello
-Sculpted St. Mark
-Sculpted the Equestrian statue of Gattamelata

Michelangelo
-Sculpted the statue of David
-Painted Birth of Adam (Sistine Chapel)
-Sculpted the Pieta
Raphael Santi
-Painted Madonna and Child
-Painted the School of Athens

Astronomy and Sciences:

Claudius Ptolemy:
-Propagated the Geocentric Theory

Nicolas Copernicus:
-Propagated the Heliocentric Theory

Claudius Ptolemy
-He proposed that the Earth was in the Center of everything

Nicolaus Copernicus
-He said that Earth was not the center of the Universe, but the Sun

Galileo Galilei:
-Italian Scientist
- He improved the Telescope for Astronomy, it was invented by Hans Lipperhey, a german
spectacle maker. Used before eto measure the Grade of Glasses.
-Galileo was the first to use the Telescope

Tycho Brahe:
- Catalog more than 1,000 star

Johannes kepler:
- Proposed that orbits of the planets were regular ellipses, not irregular cycles

Isaac Newton:
-English Mathematician
-Proposed Calculus
-Proposed the three laws of Motion

Andreas Vesalius:
-Called the Body Snatcher
-Made the accurate drawings, through dissection and observations
-Wrote his book; de humani corporis fabrica

Anton Van Leeunhoek

-Discovered the World of single celled organisms
-Through Microscopes

Philosophy: A lover of Wisdom

John Locke:
-The government should respect the opinion of the people
-Democracy

Thomas Hobbe:
-The Government should have absolute rule over the people, and the Church
-Monarchy

Baron de montesquieu:
-Wrote the ‘Spirit of laws’

Rene Descartes:
-Urged man to think
-‘I think therefore I am’

Francesco Petarch:
-The ‘Father of Humanism’
-He gave value to his life by writing the “Sonnets in the Life and Death of Laura”
-Laura being the woman he loved but failed to wed.

Industrial:

The Spinning Jenny:

-That spins several threads, using 8 people at a time
It was quite laborious so it was burned in the middle of the town square when presented, the
invention was named after the inventor's daughter.

Jethro Trull:
-Made the Seed Mill

John Kay:
-Made the flying Shuttle

Richard Arkwright:
-Invented the Water Frame

Effect of The agriculture:

-Mass production on raw materials

Transportation:

Henry Ford:
-American Mechanic, mass produced automobiles

Wright Brothers:
-Made the first flying Successful Airplane

Communication:
Samuel Finely Breese Morse:
-Invented the telegraph and the proponent of the Morse Code System

Alexander Graham Bell:

-Patented the first telephone
-A deaf teacher

English:

Note: I will not include Modifiers in this part of the review

Card stacking: Making one's product look better than others

Plain folk: Using common people in your ad, or to be simply put, people like us
Testimonial: using testimonies of users of said product whether written or oral
Glittering generalities: Hyping up your product, making it seem perfect
Bandwagon: Following trends, just because everyone is doing it, so should you!
Repetition: Repeating ads, like the constant commercials for grammarly before your CPR
video
Emotional words: Stringing your heart strings, the name says it all
Examples: Luxury, Beautiful, and Environmentally friendly are important key words to evoke
emotion in the viewer.

Japanese, Korean, and Chinese Literature characteristics:

Chinese: Mainly focuses on Political and Social history of China. They also involve the way
Religion has affected its Country, and as well what happens outside of theirs. Their writing is
inspired by their philosophy to question the meaning of life, and how to live ethically and
socially while also reaching spiritual harmony and the natural order of the Universe.

Timeline:

-Shang Dynasty
-Chou Dynasty
-Ch’in Dynasty
-Han Dynasty, marked by the takeover of Buddhism from India
-Tang Dynasty, believed to be the Golden age of China. Fine arts and Literature were
thriving, along with the creation of gunpowder and block printing
Misplaced Modifiers: A modifier too far away from the word it’s supposed to modify
Dangling Modifier: Words that aren't supposed to be there

Science
Meteoroids, Meteors and Meteorites

Meteoroids are still in space, Meteors are in Earth's atmosphere and Meteorites are when
they are on earth's surface.

Asteroids- Remains of when the solar system first formed from 4.6 billion years ago
Comets-
Meteoroids- Small chunks of Asteroids that have been broken off. They are much smaller in
size compared to Asteroids, and they have the same chemical composition as the Asteroid they
broke off from.