Student

Handbook

Extra Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924

Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
Application Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930

Problem-Solving Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

Draw a Diagram
Make a Model
Guess and Test
Work Backward
Find a Pattern
Make a Table
Solve a Simpler Problem
Use Logical Reasoning
Use a Venn Diagram
Make an Organized List

Skills Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

Number and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936
Place Value
Compare and Order Rational Numbers
Times Tables
Inverse Operations
Translate from Words to Math
Mental Math

Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936
Measurement
Precision, Accuracy, and Significant Digits
Absolute and Relative Error

Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles
Complementary and Supplementary Angles
Vertical Angles
Polygons

922 Student Handbook

 Geometric Patterns
Congruence
Symmetry
Perimeter
Area
Circles
Classify Triangles and Quadrilaterals
Three-Dimensional Figures
Draw Three-Dimensional Figures
Volume
Surface Area
Pythagorean Theorem
Midpoint Formula
Transformations in the Coordinate Plane
Dilations in the Coordinate Plane

Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

Line Plots
Measures of Central Tendency
Sampling
Bias
Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve

Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942
Cubic Functions
Step Functions

Logic and Set Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

Conditional Statements
Counterexamples
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Set Theory
Field Properties

Selected Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

Additional Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A45

Teacher’s Edition Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A87

Symbols and Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inside back cover

Student Handbook 923

 Extra Practice
Extra Practice Chapter 1 Skills Practice

Chapter 1 Skills Practice Lesson Find each square root.

1-5 64 -8
52. - √ 53. √
144 12 54. √
25 5
Lesson Give two ways to write each algebraic expression in words. 1–4. See p. A35.
12 Compare. Write <, >, or =.
1-1 1. x + 8 2. 6(y) 3. g - 4 4. _
h  < 11
55. √118 56. 6 > √35
 57. 14 = √
196 50 > 7
58. √
Evaluate each expression for a = 4, b = 2, and c = 5.
a Write all classifications that apply to each number.
5. b + c 7 6. _ 2 7. c - a 1 8. ab 8 1 Q, rep. dec.
b 59. -44 60. √ 49 61. 15.982 62. _
9
Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then evaluate the term. dec., Z, Q whole, term. dec., Z, Q Q, term. dec.
Lesson Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable.
algebraic expression for the given values of y.
1-6 63. 22 - 3g + 5 for g = 4 15 64. 12 - 30 ÷ h for h = 6 7 65. √
(11j + j) + 6 for j = 3 12
Verbal Algebraic y=9 y=6
Simplify each expression.
9. y reduced by 4 y-4 5 2 5 - √
12(3)
66. 4 + 12 ÷ 3 - 9 6 4 + 15 ÷ 3 -39 68. __ undef.
67. -36 - √
10. the quotient of y and 3 y÷3 3 2 -4 + √
2(8)
Translate each word phrase into an algebraic expression.
11. 5 more than y y+5 14 11 69. the quotient of 8 and the difference of a and 5 8 ÷ (a - 5)
12. the sum of y and 2 y+2 11 8 70. the sum of -9 and the square root of the product of 7 and c -9 + √
7c

Lesson Add or subtract using a number line. Lesson Simplify each expression. 10 - 42 = -32
1 -8
1 - 2_ 71. -5 + 38 + 5 + 62 1 - 42 + 7 _
72. 2 _ 2 73. _1 · 4 · 25 5 · 4 = 20
1-2 13. -7 - 9 -16 14. -2.2 + 4.3 2.1 15. -5 _ 16. 3.4 - 6.5 -3.1 1-7 3 3 5
2 2 0 + 100 = 100
Subtract. Write each product using the Distributive Property. Then simplify. 74–76. See p. A35.
17. 12 - 47 -35 18. 1.3 - 9.2 -7.9 2 for y = 1 _
19. y - 4 _ 1 -3 _1 74. 12(108) 75. 7(89) 76. 11(33)
3 3 3
Compare. Write <, >, or =. Simplify each expression by combining like terms.
20. -5 - (-8) > -4 - 9 21. -6 - (-2) > 7 - 4 22. -2 - 5 = 7 - 14 77. 7a - 3a 4a 78. -2b - 12b -14b 79. 4c + 5c 2 - c 3c + 5c 2

Evaluate the expression g - (-7) for each value of g. Simplify each expression. Justify each step with an operation or property. 80–86. See p. A35.
23. g = 121 128 24. g = 1.25 8.25 2 6
25. g = - _ _3 1 -1
26. g = -8 _ _1 80. 6(p - 2) + 3p 81. 8q - 3 + 5q(2 + q) 82. -4 + 3r - 7(2s - r)
5 5 3 3
Lesson Find the value of each expression. Lesson Graph each point.
1-3 27. -24 ÷ (-8) 3 28. 5(-9) -45 29. -5.2 ÷ y for y = -1.3 4 1-8 83. A(2, 3) 84. B(-4, 1) 85. C (0, -2) 86. D (-4, -1)

6
2 ÷ -_
30. _ ( ) -1 _ ( )
4 0
31. 0 ÷ - _ 32. _9 ÷ 0 undefined Name the quadrant in which each point lies. Þ
{ 
7 7 3 5 10 87. J none 88. K Q IV 89. L Q II 
Ó *
Evaluate each expression for x = -8, y = 6, and z = -4. 90. M Q II 91. N Q III 92. P Q I
33. xy -48 34. yz -24
y
z -1
35. _
1 _ z 1
36. _
x 2
_ 
Ý
2 { Ó ä Ó {
Let a represent a positive number, b represent a negative number, and z represent Ó 
zero. Tell whether each expression is positive, negative, zero, or undefined.
{
37. ab negative 38. -bz zero 39. - _a positive ab undefined
40. _
b z
Generate ordered pairs for each function for x = -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2. 93–98. See p. A35.
Lesson Write each expression as repeated multiplication. Then simplify the expression.
Graph the ordered pairs and describe the pattern.
1-4 41. 3 3 3 · 3 · 3; 27 42. -2 4 43. (-5)3 44. (-1) 5
93. y = x - 3 94. y = -2x 95. y = -x 2 96. y = 3x
-(2 · 2 · 2 · 2); -16 -5 · -5 · -5; -125 For 44, see p. A35.
Write each expression using a base and an exponent.
Write an equation for each rule. Use the given values for x to generate ordered
45. 5 · 5 · 5 · 5 · 5 5 5 46. 4 · 4 · 4 4 3 47. 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 2 4 pairs. Graph the ordered pairs and describe the pattern.
Write the exponent that makes each equation true. 97. y is equal to the sum of one-third of x and -2; x = -6, -3, 0, 3, and 6.
48. 2 ■ = 16 4 49. 4 ■ = 256 4 50. (-3)■ = 81 4 51. -5 ■ = -125 3 98. y is equal to 4 less than x squared; x = -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2.

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Chapter 2 Skills Practice Chapter 2 Skills Practice

Lesson Solve each equation. Check your answer. Lesson Solve each equation for the indicated variable.
2-1 1. x - 9 = 5 x = 14 2. 4 = y - 12 y = 16 3 =7
3. a + _ 2
a = 6_ 2-5 39. q - 3r = 2 for r r = 2 - q_ 5 - c = d - 7 for c c = -6d + 47
40. _
6
5 5 -3 _
42. 2fgh - 3g = 10 for h h = 10 + 3g
y
41. 2x + 3 _ = 5 for y
y=_
4. 7.3 = b + 3.4 b = 3.9 5. -6 + j = 5 j = 11 6. -1.7 = -6.1 + k k = 4.4 4 20 - 8x
2fg
Find each unit rate.
3
Lesson
Write an equation to represent each relationship. Then solve the equation.
7. A number decreased by 7 is equal to 10. x - 7 = 10; x = 17 2-6 43. A long-distance runner ran 9000 meters in 30 minutes. 300 m/min
44. A hummingbird flapped its wings 770 times in 14 seconds. 55 times/s
8. The sum of 6 and a number is -3. 6 + x = -3; x = -9
Solve each proportion.
Lesson Solve each equation. Check your answer. h =_
45. _ 5
h=
20 _ 5
46. _ 2
_
m=5 m= 2
25 _ r =_
47. _ 10
r=
30 _
4 6 6 3 7 7
2-2 n = 15
9. _ n = 75 k
10. -6 = _ k = -24 11. _r =5
r = 13 2 =_ 2x 16 _ 5 =_ 3 59 _ b-2 =_ 7 52 _
5 4 2.6 48. _ x= 49. _ x= 50. _ b =
3 8 6 x - 3 10 3 4 12 12
12. 3b = 27 b = 9 13. 56 = -7d d = -8 14. -3.6 = -2f f = 1.8
1z=3 4g 1 a = -5 Lesson Find the value of x in each diagram.
15. _ z = 12 16. 12 = _ g = 15 17. _ a = -15
4 5 3 2-7 51. ABCD ∼ EFGH x = 25 52. JKL ∼ MNO x = 10.5

Write an equation to represent each relationship. Then solve the equation. 

 ÝÊvÌ
nʓ Èʓ
18. A number multiplied by 4 is -20. 4x = -20; x = -5

19. The quotient of a number and 5 is 7. _x = 7; x = 35 {ÊvÌ £äÊvÌ  

5
   Ýʓ
£äÊvÌ
Use the equation 9y = -3x to find y for each value of x. £{ʓ

x -3x 9y = -3x y 

20. -6 -3(-6) = 18 9y = 18 2 "

21. 0 -3(0) = 0 9y = 0 0 Lesson 53. Find 25% of 60. 15 54. Find 40% of 95. 38
22. 3 -3(3) = -9 9y = -9 -1 2-8 55. What percent of 75 is 15? 20% 56. What percent of 60 is 33? 55%
57. 91 is what percent of 65? 140% 58. 35% of what number is 24.5? 70
Lesson Solve each equation. Check your answer.
Write each decimal or fraction as a percent.
2-3 23. 2k + 7 = 15 k = 4 24. 11 - 5m = -4 m = 3 25. 23 = 9 - 2d d = -7 4 9
59. _ 80% 60. 0.55 55% 61. _ 150% 62. 0.0375 3.75%
f 5 6
2 b + 6 = 10
26. _ 27. _ - 4 = 2 f = 18
b = 10 28. 6n + 4 = 22 n = 3 Write each percent as a decimal and as a fraction.
5 3
63. 32% 0.32;
8 _
64. 24% 0.24;
6 _
65. 37.5% 0.375;
3 _ 66. 118.75% 1.1875; _
19
1 y. 2
29. If 5(y - 2) = 30, find the value of _ 30. If 4 - 3b = 19, find the value of -2b. 10
25 25 8 16
4 Write each list in order from least to greatest.
67. _ 6 , 0.19
2 , 0.28, 1.9%, _ 5 , 9.2, 117%, _
68. _ 9 , 8.8%
Write an equation to represent each relationship. Solve each equation. 17 25 _
1.9%, 2 , 0.19,
6
, 0.28 _
3 11 8.8%, 9 , 117%, 5 , 9.2 _ _
31. The difference of 11 and 4 times a number equals 3. 11 - 4x = 3; x = 2 17 25 11 3
Lesson 69. Estimate the tax on a $2438.00 clarinet when the sales tax is 7.9%. about $200.00
32. Thirteen less than 5 times a number is equal to 7. 5x - 13 = 7; x = 4
2-9 70. Estimate the tip on a $21.32 check using a tip rate of 20%. about $4.00
Lesson Solve each equation. Check your answer.
2-4 33. 5b - 3 = 4b + 1 b = 4 34. 3g + 7 = 11g - 17 g = 3 Lesson Find each percent change. Tell whether it is a percent increase or decrease.
35. -8 + 4y = y - 6 + 3y - 2 36. 7 + 3d - 5 = -1 + 2d - 12 + d no solutions 2-10 71. 10 to 25 150%; increase 72. 40 to 2 95%; decrease 73. 800 to 160 80%; decrease
all real numbers 74. 4 to 14 350%; increase 75. 8 to 30 375%; increase 76. 60 to 36 40%; decrease
Write an equation to represent each relationship. Then solve the equation.
77. Find the result when 45 is increased by 40%. 63
37. Three more than one-half a number is the same as 17 minus three times the number.
78. Find the result when 120 is decreased by 70%. 36
38. Two times the difference of a number and 4 is the same as 5 less than the number.
37–38. See p. A35.
S6 Extra Practice Extra Practice S7

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 Chapter 3 Skills Practice 1–5. See p. A35. Chapter 3 Skills Practice 50–63, 67–78. For graphs, see p. A36.
Describe the solutions of each inequality in words. Solve each inequality and graph the solutions.
7 51. 4p + 4 ≥ 12 p ≥ 252. 10 >g 4>--2
Lesson Lesson
3-1 1. 3 + v < -2 2. 15 ≤ k + 4 3. -3 + n > 6 4. 1 - 4x ≥ -2 3-4 _
50. 3t - 2 < 5 t < 53. -6 < 5b - 4 b > - _
3g
2
3 5
57. 4 < _ f > _
m - 2 < -2 10x - 4 2f + 3 5
54. _ 55. -1 > _ 56. 9a + 6 ≥ 3
Graph each inequality. 6.
       55. x < - _
4 4 m < -6 12 2 2
58. 10 ≤ 3(4 - r) r ≤ _ h<_ k>_
5. f ≥ 2 6. m < -1 7. √4

2
+ 32 > c 8. (-1 -1)2 ≤ p 5 2 2 +_3h<_
4 8 1 (10k - 2) > 1 7
59. _ 60. _
56. a ≥ - _
1 3 3 4 3 9 5 10
Write the inequality shown by each graph.
3 2 + 4 2 d ≥ 8 63. - _ (8q - 2 2) < -3 q > 1
              3
3 61. -n - 3 < -2 3 n > 5 62. 37 - 4d ≤ √
4
9. x≤3 10. x > -2
ä £ Ó Î { x È Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î Use the inequality -6 - 2w ≥ 10 to fill in the missing numbers.
64. w ≤-8 65. w - 3 ≤ -11 66. 9 + w ≤ 1
11. x<8 12. x ≥ -4 67. See
ä Ó { È n £ä £Ó È { ÓÊ ä Ó { È Write an inequality for each statement. Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. p. A36.
13. x > -1 14. x<3 67. Twelve is less than or equal to the product of 6 and the difference of 5 and a number.
Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î ä £ Ó Î { x È _
68. The difference of one-third a number and 8 is more than -4. 1 x - 8 > -4; x > 12
3
Write each inequality with the variable on the left. Graph the solutions. 69. Seven more than a number is less than or equal to the square root of the sum of
15. 14 > b b < 14 16. 9 ≤ g g ≥ 9 17. -2 < x x > -2 18. -4 ≥ k k ≤ -4 9 and 7. x + 7 ≤ 
√
(9 + 7) ; x ≤ -3
_
                           
70. One-fourth of the sum of 2x and 4 is more than 5. 1 (2x + 4) > 5; x > 8
Lesson Solve each inequality and graph the solutions. 19–22. For graphs, see p. A35.
4
Lesson Solve each inequality and graph the solutions.
3-2 19. 8 ≥ d - 4 d ≤ 12 20. -5 < 10 + w 21. a + 4 ≤ 7 22. 9 + j > 2
3-5 71. 4v - 2 ≤ 3v v ≤ 2 72. 9e > 7 - 2e e >
7 _
w > -15 a≤3 j > -7 11 _
5
Write an inequality to represent each statement. Solve the inequality and graph 73. 6j ≥ 2j + 8 j ≥ 2 74. 3z - 5 < 7z z > -
the solutions. 4
75. 2(7 - s) > 4(s + 2) s < 1 76. -3(3 + 2y) - 1 ≤ 2(1 - 4y) y ≤ 6
23. Five more than a number v is less than or equal to 9.v + 5 ≤ 9; v ≤ 4
77. 3n < 3(6 - 2n) n < 2 78. _ 5 ≥_
1u-_ 1u
      
u ≥ 15
24. A number t decreased by 2 is at least 7. t - 2 ≥ 7; t ≥ 9 3 2 6
      
25. Three less than a number r is less than -1. r - 3 < -1; r < 2 Solve each inequality.
      
26. A number k increased by 1 is at most -2. k + 1 ≤ -2; k ≤ -3 79. 3 + 3c < 6 + 3c 80. 4(k + 2) ≥ 4k + 5 81. 2(5 - b) ≤ 3 - 2b
       3 < 6; all real numbers 8 ≥ 5; all real numbers 10 ≤ 3; no solutions
Write an inequality to represent each relationship. Solve your inequality.
Use the inequality 4 + z ≤ 11 to fill in the missing numbers.
82. The difference of three times a number and 5 is more than the number times 4.
27. z ≤ 7 28. z - 3 ≤ 4 29. z - 3 ≤ 4 3x - 5 > 4x ; x < -5
83. Seven more than the product of four and a number is less than or equal to the
Lesson Solve each inequality and graph the solutions. 30–49. For graphs, see pp. A35–A36.
number increased by 3. 4x + 7 ≤ x + 3; x ≤ - 4 _
3-3 30. 24 > 4b b < 6 31. 27g ≤ 81 g ≤ 3 32. _ x < 3 x < 15 33. 10y ≥ 2 y ≥
1 _ 3
84. one less than a number is greater than the product of 3 and the difference of 5 and
5 5 the number. x - 1 > 3(5 - x); x > 4
1
34. 4p < -2 p < - 35. _ 3s > 3 s > 8 _ 3d d≤0
36. 0 ≥ _ a ≥_
37. _ 3 a≥6
Lesson Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. 85–88. For graphs, see p. A36.
2 8 7 8 4
85. 6 < 3 + x < 8 3 < x < 5 86. -1 ≤ b + 4 ≤ 3 -5 ≤ b ≤ -1
38. -3k ≤ -12 k ≥ 4 39. _ -2e ≥ 4 e ≤ -10 40. 8 < -12y y < - 2 41. -3.5 > 14c c < - 1 _ _ 3-6
5 3 4 87. k + 5 ≤ -3 OR k + 5 ≥ 1 88. r - 3 > 2 OR r + 1 < 4 r > 5 OR r < 3
42. 9 > _h h > -18 43. 49 > -7mm > -744. 60 ≤ -12c c ≤ -5 45. - _ 1 q < -6 q > 18 k < -8 OR k > -4
-2 3 Write the compound inequality shown by each graph.
Write an inequality for each statement. Solve the inequality and graph the 89. 90. -4 ≤ x < 0
solutions. Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î x < -1 OR x ≥ 1 È { Ó ä Ó { È

46. The product of _1 and a number is not more than 6. 1 x ≤ 6; x ≤ 12 _ Write and graph a compound inequality for the numbers described.
91. all real numbers less than 2 and greater than or equal to -1 -1 ≤ x < 2
2
47. The quotient of r and -5 is greater than 3.
r > 3; r2< -15 _
-5 92. all real numbers between -3 and 1 -3 < x < 1
48. The product of -11 and a number is greater than -33. -11x > -33; x < 3
_
w ≤ -6; w ≥ 24 Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions.
49. The quotient of w and -4 is less than or equal to -6. -4
93. 2r + 3 ≥ 1 AND 3r - 4 ≤ 5 -1 ≤ r ≤ 3 94. f - 2 > 6 OR f + 2 < 6 f > 8 OR f < 4
91–94. For graphs, see p. A36.
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Chapter 4 Skills Practice Chapter 4 Skills Practice

Lesson Choose the graph that best represents each situation. Lesson Graph each function for the given domain. 19–23. See pp. A36–A37.
   
4-1 1. A person blows up a balloon with a steady airstream. graph B 4-4 19. 2x - y = 2; D: -2, -1, 0, 1 20. f(x) = x 2 - 1; D: -3, -1, 0, 2
   
2. A person blows up a balloon steadily and then lets it deflate. graph A Graph each function.
3. A person blows up a balloon slowly at first and then uses more and more air. graph C 21. f(x) = 4 - 2x 22. y + 3 = 2x 23. y = -5 + x 2
À>«…Ê
À>«…Ê À>«…Ê
24. Use a graph of the function f(x) = _
Check your answer.
5 - 2x to find the value of f(x) when x = _
2
1. f 1 = 3
2 2 2 ( _) _
25. Find the value of x so that (x, 4) satisfies y = -x + 8. x = 4
26. Find the value of y so that (-3, y) satisfies y = 15 - 2x 2. y = -3
6œÕ“i

6œÕ“i

6œÕ“i

For each function, determine whether the given points are on the graph.
x + 4; -3, 3 and 3, 5 yes; yes
27. y = _ ( ) ( ) 28. y = x 2 - 1; (-2, 3) and (2, 5) yes; no
3
/ˆ“i /ˆ“i /ˆ“i Lesson Describe the correlation illustrated by each scatter plot.
Lesson Express each relation as a table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram. 4–7. See p. A36.
   
4-5 29. Þ 30. Þ 31. Þ
4-2 4. (0, 2), (-1, 3), (-2, 5) 5. (2, 8), (4, 6), (6, 4), (8, 2)
   
Give the domain and range for each relation. Tell whether the relation is a function.
Explain. Ý Ý Ý
   
6. (3, 4), (-1, 2), (2, -3), (5, 0) 7. (5, 4), (0, 2), (5, -3), (0, 1) no correlation negative correlation positive correlation
    Identify the correlation you would expect to see between each pair of data sets.
8. x 2 0 1 2 -1 9. Þ 9. See p. A36. 32. the number of chess pieces captured and the number of pieces still on the board
n negative correlation
y 1 0 -1 -2 -3 33. a person’s height and the color of the person’s eyes no correlation
D: {-1, 0, 1, 2}; R: {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1}; È
Choose the scatter plot that best represents the described situation.
each domain value does not have exactly
{ 34. the number of students in a class and the À>«…Ê
À>«…Ê
one range value, so the relation is not a grades on a test Graph B Þ Þ
function. Ó
35. the number of students in a class and the
Ý
number of empty desks Graph A
Ó { È n
Ý Ý
Lesson Determine a relationship between the x- and y-variables. Write an equation. 11. See p. A36.
 
4-3 10. (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12) 11. x 1 2 3 4 Lesson Determine whether each sequence appears to be an arithmetic sequence. If so, find
  the common difference and the next three terms.
The value of y is 3 times x ; y = 3x. y 1 4 9 16 4-6
36. -10, -7, -4, -1, … yes; d = 3; 2, 5, 8 37. 8, 5, 1, -4, … no
Identify the independent and dependent variables. Write a rule in function
38. 1, -2, 3, -4, … no 39. -19, -9, 1, 11, … yes; d = 10; 21, 31, 41
notation for each situation. dependent: cost; independent: hours; f (h) = 15h
12. A science tutor charges students $15 per hour. Find the indicated term of each arithmetic sequence.
13. A circus charges a $10 entry fee and $1.50 for each pony ride. 40. 15th term: -5, -1, 3, 7, … 51 41. 20th term: a 1 = 2; d = -5 -93
dependent: cost; independent: number of pony rides; f (r) = 10 + 1.5r 42. 12th term: 8, 16, 24, 32, … 96 43. 21st term: 5.2, 5.17, 5.14, 5.11, … 4.6
Evaluate each function for the given input values.
14. For f (a) = 6 - 4a, find f (a) when a = 2 and when a = -3. -2; 18 Find the common difference for each arithmetic sequence.
15. For g (d) = _2 d + 3, find g (d) when d = 10 and when d = -5. 7; 1 44. 0, 7, 14, 21, … 7 45. 132, 121, 110, 99, … -11 46. _ 10 , … 3
7, _
1 , 1, _ _
5 4 4 4 4
16. For h (w) = 2 - w 2, find h (w) when w = -1 and when w = -2. 1; -2 47. 1.4, 2.2, 3, 3.8, … 0.8 48. -7, -2, 3, 8, … 5 49. 7.28, 7.21, 7.14, 7.07, … -0.07
17. Complete the table for f (t ) = 7 + 3t. 18. Complete the table for h(s) = 2s + s 3 - 6. Find the next four terms in each arithmetic sequence.
-1 50. -3, -6, -9, -12, …-15, -18, -21, -2451. 2, 9, 16, 23, … 30, 37, 44, 51
t
f(t) 7
0
10
1 2
13 16
3
h(s)
s
-9 -6
0
-3
1 2
6
1, _
52. - _ 1 , 1, _ _ __
5 , … 7 , 3, 11 , 13 53. -4.3, -3.2, -2.1, -1, … 0.1, 1.2, 2.3, 3.4
3 3 3 3 3 3

S10 Extra Practice Extra Practice S11

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027_2R.indd S10 12/29/05 8:46:37

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
AM S8 pages S8–S11 Extra Practice 925
5/25/06 7:10:55 PM
 Chapter 5 Skills Practice 1–5. See p. A37. Chapter 5 Skills Practice 28–30. See p. A37.
Lesson Identify whether each graph represents a function. Explain. If the graph does Lesson Tell whether each equation represents a direct variation. If so, identify the constant
represent a function, is the function linear? of variation.
5-1 5-5
1. Þ 2. Þ 3. Þ 28. x - 2y = 0 29. x - y = 3 30. 3y = 2x
{ {
È 31. The value of y varies directly with x, and y = 2 when x = -3. Find y when x = 6. y = -4
Ó Ó
{ 32. The value of y varies directly with x, and y = -3 when x = 9. Find y when x = 12. y = -4
Ý Ý
È { Ó ä { Ó ä Ó { Each ordered pair is a solution of a direct variation. Write the equation of direct
Ó
Ó Ó variation.
{ { { Ó ä Ó {
Ý
33. (1, 4) y = 4x 34. (-2, 12) y = -6x 35. _ ( )
1 , -3 y = -6x 36. 5, 2 y = 2 x
( ) _
2 5
37. (8, 12) y = _3 x 38. (7, -2) y = - _2 x 39. (12, -3)y = - _1 x 40. (5, 15) y = 3x
Tell whether the given ordered pairs satisfy a linear function. Explain. 2 7 4
4. 5. Lesson Write the equation that describes each line in slope-intercept form.
x -4 -2 0 2 4 x 2 5 8 11 14
5-6 41. slope = 2, y-intercept = -2 y = 2x - 2 42. slope = 0.25, y-intercept = 4 y = 0.25x + 4
y 7 6 5 4 3 y 12 8 7 3 3
43. slope = -2, y-intercept = 3 y = -2x + 3 44. slope = _ 1 , y-intercept = 2 y = 1 x + 2 _
Tell whether each equation is linear. If so, write the equation in standard form and 3 3
give the values of A, B, and C. 9. yes; 4x + 3y = -3; A = 4; B = 3; C = -3 Write each equation in slope-intercept form. Then graph the line described by the
6. y = 8 - 3x x = 4 - 2y
7. _ 8. -3 + xy = 2 no 9. 4x = -3 - 3y
equation. For graphs, see p. A37.
y=- x-
3 1 _ _ _
6. yes; 3x + y = 8; A = 3; B = 1; C = 8 3 1 1 _ _ _
45. 2y = x - 3 y = 1 x - 3 46. -3x - 2y = 1 _ 2 2 47. 2y - _ 1x=2 y= 1 x+1
Lesson Find the x- and y-intercepts. 7. yes; x + 2y = 4; A = ; B = 2; C = 4 2 2 2 4
3 3 Lesson Write an equation in point-slope form for the line with the given slope that
5-2 10.
{
Þ 11. Þ Ý
5-7 contains the given point. y + 1 = -1(x - 1) y - 4 = 1 (x - 2) _
x-int.: 4; y-int.: 2 x-int.: 2; y-int: -8 48. slope = 2; (0, 3) 49. slope = -1; (1, -1) 1 ; 2, 4 2
{ Ó ä Ó { 50. slope = _ ( )
Ó Ó y - 3 =12(x - 0) 2
51. slope = _ ; (1, 2) 52. slope = -2; (3, 1) 53. slope = 3; (-2, -5)
{ Ó ä Ó {
Ý
{
y-2= _(x - 1)
1 3
y - 1 = -2(x - 3) y + 5 = 3(x + 2)
Ó È
3 Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line through the two points.
54. See
54. (-1, 1) and (1, -2) 55. (3, 1) and (2, -3) 56. (4, -5) and (2, -1)
p. A37.
{ n
_
12. x-int.: 1 ; y-int.: 1 _ y = 4x - 11
57. Identify which lines are parallel: y = 3x - 2; y = -2; y = 3x + 7; y = 0 57. See p. A37.
y = -2x + 3
4 2 Lesson
12. -4x = 2y - 1 13. x - y = 3 14. 2x - 3y = 12 15. 2.5x + 2.5y = 5 5-8 58. Identify which lines are perpendicular: y = -2(2x - 1); y = _ 1 (x + 3); y = _
1 (x + 8);
x-int.: 3; y-int: -3
Use intercepts to graph the line described by each equation.
x-int.: 6; y-int: -4 x-int.: 2; y-int: 2 y - 4 = 2(3 - 2x) y = -2(2x - 1) and y = 1 (x + 3)
2_ 4
2
16. 15 = -3x - 5y 17. 4y = 2x + 8 18. y = 6 - 3x 19. -2y = x + 2 Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line that is parallel to the given
line and that passes through the given point.
Lesson Find the slope of each line. 16–19. See p. A37.
59. y = -2x + 3; (1, 4) 60. y = x - 5; (2, -4) 61. y = 3x; (-1, 5) y = 3x + 8
5-3 20. Þ 21. Þ y = -2x + 6 y=x-6
{ n Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line that is perpendicular to the
63. See given line and that passes through the given point.
Ó {
p. A37. 62. y = x + 1; (3, -2) 63. y = -4x - 1; (-1, 0) 64. y = 4x + 5; (2, -1) 1
Ý
0 Ý _2 y = -x + 1 y=- _ x - 1 _1
{ Ó ä Ó { n { ä { n 3 Lesson Graph f (x) and g(x). Then describe the transformation(s) from the graph of f (x) to 4 2
5-9 the graph of g(x). For graphs, see p. A37.
Ó {

{ n 65. f(x) = x, g(x) = x + 2 trans. 2 units up 66. f(x) = x, g(x) = x - 1

_ 1
trans. unit down _
2 2
67–69. See 67. f(x) = 6x + 1, g(x) = 2x + 1 68. f(x) = 3x - 1, g(x) = 9x - 1
Lesson Find the slope of the line that contains each pair of points. p. A37. 69. f(x) = x, g(x) = 2x - 1 1
70. f(x) = x + 1, g(x) = - _ x
5-4 22. (-1, 2) and (-4, 8) -2 23. (2, 6) and (0, 1)
5 24. (-2, 3) and (4, 0) -
1 _ _ The graph is rotated and translated down 1 unit. 2
2 2 Graph f (x). Then reflect the graph of f (x) across the y-axis. Write a function g(x) to
Find the slope of the line described by each equation. 3
- _ _3 describe the new graph. For graphs, see p. A37.
25. 2y = 42 - 6x -3 26. 3x + 4y = 12 4 27. 3x = 15 + 5y 5 71. f (x) = 2x + 3 72. f (x) = -3x - 1 73. f (x) = -4x g(x) = 4x
g(x) = -2x - 3 g(x) = 3x + 1
S12 Extra Practice Extra Practice S13

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd S9 5/25/06 7:10:59

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
PM S13 5/25/06 7:26:02 PM

Chapter 6 Skills Practice Chapter 6 Skills Practice

Lesson Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the given system. Lesson Solve each system of linear equations.
6-1  2x - 3y = -7 4x + 3y = -2  -2x - 3y = 1 6-4 y = 2x + 4 -y = 3 - 5x y + 2 = 3x
1. (1, 3);  yes 2. (-2, 2);  no 3. (4, -3);  yes 27.  no solution 28.  no solution 29.  no solution
 -5x + 3y = 4  -2x - 2y = 2  x + 2y = -2  -2x + y = 6  y - 5x = 6  3x - y = -1
Use the given graph to find the solution of each system. 2y = 6 - 6x y - 1 = -3x 4x - 2y = 4
 30.  infinitely 31.  infinitely 32.  infinitely
1
_
y = 2 x - 1 y = x + 1  3y + 9x = 9 many solutions  12x + 4y = 4 many solutions  3y = 6 (x - 1)many solutions
4.  (4, 1) 5.  (0, 1)
y = - _1x+3  y = -x + 1 Classify each system. Give the number of solutions.
 2 34. consistent and dependent; infinitely many solutions
2y = 2 (4x - 3) 3y + 6x = 9 3x - 13 = 2y consistent and
Þ Þ 33.  34.  35.  independent;
{ {
 y - 1 = 4x inconsistent;  2(y - 3) = -4x  -3y = 2x one solution
no solutions
Ó Ó
Lesson Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the given inequality.
Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {Ý { Ó ä Ó { 6-5 36. (3, 6); y > 2x + 4 no 37. (-2, -8); y ≤ 3x - 2 yes 38. (-3, 3); y ≥ -2x + 5 no
Ó Ó
Graph the solutions of each linear inequality. 39–46. See p. A37.
{ {
39. y > 2x 40. y ≤ -3x + 2 41. y ≥ 2x - 1 42. -y < -x + 4
Solve each system by graphing. Check your answer. 43. y ≥ -2x + 4 44. y > -x - 3 1 x + 1_
45. y < _ 1 46. y ≤ 4x - (-1)
2 2
y = x + 1 3x + y = -8 x = 2 - 2y
(-1, 0) 7.  (-2, -2) (-4, 3) Write an inequality to represent each graph.
6.  8. 
 y = -2x - 2 1
_
 3y = 2 x - 5
 -1 = -2x - 3y
47. Þ y ≤ 5x - 6 48. Þ _
y≤-1x-1
n n 2
Lesson Solve each system by substitution. { {
Ý Ý
6-2 y = 12 - 3x 2x + y = -6 y = 11 - 3x
9.  (3, 3) 10.  (-1, -4) 11.  (2, 5) n { ä { n n { ä { n
 y = 2x - 3  -5x + y = 1  -2x + y = 1 { {

2x + 3y = 2 3x - 2y = -3 4y - 2x = -2

12.  (4, -2)13. (1, 3) (-1, -1) n n
 14. 
1
 - _ x + 2y = -6  y = 7 - 4x  x + 3y = -4
2
Lesson Tell whether the ordered pair is a solution of the given system.
Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90° are called complementary angles.
6-6 y > 3x - 3 y > -3x - 2 y > 2x
For Exercises 15–17, x and y represent complementary angles. Find the measure of 49. (2, 5);  yes 50. (3, 9);  no 51. (2, 3);  no
each angle. y ≥ x + 1  y < 2x + 3 y ≤ x - 3
x + y = 90 m∠x = 10°; x + y = 90 m∠x = 15°; x + y = 90 m∠x = 25°; Graph each system of linear inequalities. Give two ordered pairs that are solutions
15.  16.  17. 
 y = 9x - 10 m∠y = 80°  y - 4x = 15 m∠y = 75°  y = 2x + 15 m∠y = 65° and two that are not solutions. For graphs, see p. A37.
53. solutions: (-2, 6) and (0, 2); not solutions: (8, 0) and (0, 8)
x + 4y < 2 y ≤ 6 - 2x 2x - 2 > -3y
Lesson Solve each system by elimination. 52.  53.  54. 
 2y > 3x + 8  x - 2y < -2  -x + 3y ≥ -10
6-3 x - 3y = -1 -3x - y = 1 -x - 3y = -1 52. solutions: (-10, 0) and (-12, 1); not solutions: (0, 0) and (6, -2)
18.  (8, 3) 19.  5x + y = -5 (-2, 5) 20.  (4, -1) Graph each system of linear inequalities.
 -x + 2y = -2   3x + 3y = 9
54. solutions: (4, 0) and (2, 2); not solutions: (-2, 0) and (6, -6)
3x - 2y = 2 5x - 2y = -15 -4x - 2y = -4 y > 2x + 1 y < 3x - 1 y ≥ -x + 2
21.  (2, 2) 22.  (-1, 5) 23.  (3, -4) 55. 
 y < 2x - 2
56. 
 y > 3x - 4
57. 
 y ≥ -x + 5
 3x + y = 8  2x - 2y = -12  -4x + 3y = -24
-3x - 3y = 3 4x - 3y = -1 3x + 6y = 0 y ≥ 2x - 3 y > -4x - 2 y ≥ -2x + 1
24.  (-3, 2) 25.  (5, 7) 26.  (4, -2) 58.  59.  60. 
 2x + y = -4  2x - 2y = -4  7x + 4y = 20  y ≥ 2x + 3  y ≤ -4x - 5  y < -2x + 6
55–60. See p. A38.
S14 Extra Practice Extra Practice S15

926 Extra Practice

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027_2R.indd S14 pages S12–S15 12/27/05 4:57:36
a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
PM S12 5/25/06 7:11:14 PM
 Chapter 7 Skills Practice Chapter 7 Skills Practice
Lesson Simplify. Lesson Find the degree of each monomial.
7-1 1. 3 -4 _
1 2. 5 -3 _
1 3. -4 0 -1 4. -2 -5 - _
1 5. 6 -3 _
1 7-5 56. 4 7 0 57. x 3y 4 r 6st 2 9
58. _
2
59. 9 0 0
81 1 125 32 216
6. (-2) -4 _ 7. 1-7 1 8. (-4) -3
-_
1 9. (-5) 1 0
10. (-1) -1 -5
Find the degree of each polynomial.
16 64
60. a 2b + b - 2 2 3 61. 5x 4y 2 - y 5z 2 7 62. 3 g 4h + h 2 + 4j 6 6 63. 4no 7 - o 6p 3 + p 9
Evaluate each expression for the given value(s) of the variable(s).
for x = 2 _ 12. (c + 3) for c = -6 - _
11. x -4 1 -3 1 Write each polynomial in standard form. Then give the leading coefficient.
16 66. _ 1 t 5 + 4 66. See
1 t3 + t - _
13. 3j -7k -1 for j = -2 and k = 3 - _
1 1 27
14. (2n - 2) for n = 3 _
-4
64. 4r - 5r 3 + 2r 2 65. -3b 2 + 7b 6 + 4 - b
2 3 p. A38.
-5r 3 + 2r 2 + 4r ; -5 7b 6 - 3b 2 - b + 4; 7
128 256 Classify each polynomial according to its degree and number of terms.
Simplify. 67. 3x 2 + 4x - 5 68. -4x 2 + x 6 - 4 + x 3 69. x 3 - 7 2 cubic binomial
15. b 4g -5
b4 _ k
16. _
-3
1 _ 17. 5s -3c 0
5 _ z -4 t
18. _ _ 2
quadratic trinomial 6th degree polynomial
g5 r 5 k 3r 5 s3 5t -2 5z 4 Add or subtract.
Lesson

19. _
f2 f 2a 4 _ -3t 4 -3t 4q 5
20. _ a 0k -4
21. _
1 _ 22. 3f -1y -5 _
3 7-6 70. 4y 3 - 2y + 3y 3 7y 3 - 2y 71. 9k 2 + 5 - 10k 2 - 6 -k 2 - 1
3a -4 3 q -5 p2 k 4p 2 fy 5
72. 7 - 3n 2 + 4 + 2n 2 -n 2 + 11 73. 3a 2 + 4a 3 - 2a 2 4a 3 + a 2
Lesson Find the value of each power of 10.
74. (2 + x 2) + (5x 2 + 6) 6x 2 + 8 75. (9x 6 - 5x 2 + 3) + (6x 2 - 5) 9x 6 + x 2 - 2
7-2 23. 10 -7 0.0000001 24. 10 9 1,000,000,00025. 10 6 1,000,000 26. 10 -8 0.00000001
5y 5 - y 3 - 3y 2 2y 7 + 5y 3 - 5y + 2
Write each number as a power of 10. 76. (2y 5 - 5y 2) + (3y 5 - y 3 + 2y 2) 77. (5y 3 - 6y + 2) + (2y 7 + y)
-5
78. (r 3 + 2r + 1) - (2r 3 - 4) -r 3 + 2r + 5 79. (4r 4 - 3r 2 + 4) - (2r 4 - r 2) 2r 4 - 2r 2 + 4
7 13
27. 10,000,000 10 28. 0.00001 10 29. 10,000,000,000,000 10

Find the value of each expression. 80. (10s 2 + 5) - (5s 2 + 3s - 2) 5s 2 - 3s + 781. (2s 7 - 6s 3 + 2) - (3s 7 + 2) -s 7 - 6s 3
30. 72.19 × 10 -2 0.7219 31. 0.096 × 10 -7 32. 7384.5 × 10 6 7,384,500,000
0.0000000096
Write each number in scientific notation. Lesson Multiply.

33. 3,605,000 3.605 × 10 6 34. 0.0063 6.3 × 10 -3 35. 100,500,000 1.005 × 10 8 7-7 82. (3a 7)(2a 4) 6a 11 83. _
4 ( )
3 r 5 (12r 2) 9r 7 84. (-3xy 3)(2x 2z)(yz 4) -6x 3y 4z 5

85. (4kl m)(-2k m

3 2 2 ) 86. (-6c e)(-2de
2 2 ) 12c de
2 3
87. 3jk 2(2j 2 + k) 6j 3k 2 + 3jk 3
Lesson Simplify. -8k 3l 3m 3
7-3 36. 3 · 3 3
4 2 6
37. r · r
7 0
r 7
38. (k ) k
4 4 16 88. 4q 3r 2 (2qr 2 + 3q) 89. -2c 3 (c 3 + 3c - 2) 90. 3xy 2(2x 2y - 3y) 6x 3y 3 - 9xy 3

39. (b 4) b 12
3
40. (c 3d 2) · (cd 2)
3 -2
c 7d 2 41. (-3q 3)
-2 _
1 8q 4r 4 + 12q 4r 2 -2c 6 - 6c 4 + 4c 3
91. (x - 3)(x + 1)x 2 - 2x - 392. (x - 2)(x - 3)x 2 - 5x + 693. (x - 4)(x - 4) x 2 - 8x + 16
6
9q
Find the missing exponent in each expression. 3x 4y + 6x 3y 2 - 2x 2 - 4xy
94. (2x 2 - 3y)(3x - y 2) 95. (x 2 + 2xy)(3x 2y - 2) 96. (x 2 - 3x)(2xy - 3y)
43. (a ) a 9 -2 b 4 -2
■
44. (a b ) 6x 3 - 2x 2y 2 - 9xy + 3y 3 2x 3y - 9x 2y + 9xy
3
42. a ■a 6 =a 3 9 3
b■ =_ 4 -2
·a =_
3
b6 a5 97. (x - 2)(x 2 + 3x - 4) 98. (2x - 1)(-2x 2 - 3x + 4) 99. (x + 3)(2x 4 - 3x 2 - 5)
x 3 + x 2 - 10x + 8 -4x 3 - 4x 2 + 11x - 4 2x 5 + 6x 4 - 3x 3 - 9x 2 - 5x - 15
Simplify. 100. (2a + 3)(a 2 + 2ab - b) 101. (3a + b)(2a 2 + ab - 2b 2) 102. (a 2 - b)(3a 2 - 2ab + 3b 2)
Lesson
_ _ _ 2a 3 + 4a 2b + 3a 2 + 4ab - 3b 6a 3 + 5a 2b - 5ab 2 - 2b 3
7-4 3 11 27
45. _ 46. _ 44 · 53 4 47. _6h 4 h r 6s 5 r
48. _ 102. 3a 4 - 2a 3b - 3a 2b + 3a 2b 2 + 2ab 2 - 3b 3
38 32 · 43 · 53 9 12h 3 2 r 5s 6 s Lesson Multiply.

Simplify each quotient and write the answer in scientific notation. 7-8 103. (x + 3) 2 x 2 + 6x + 9 104. (3 + 2x) 2 4x 2 + 12x + 9 105. (4x + 2y)2 16x 2 + 16xy + 4y 2

49. (4 × 10 7) ÷ (1.6 × 10 5) 50. (10 × 10 4) ÷ (2 × 10 7) 51. (2.5 × 10 8) ÷ (5 × 10 3) 106. (3x - 2)2 9x 2 - 12x + 4 107. (5 - 2x) 2 4x 2 - 20x + 25108. (3x - 5y)2 9x 2 - 30xy + 25y 2
2.5 × 10 2 5 × 10 -3 5 × 10 4
Simplify.
109. (3 + x)(3 - x) 9 - x 2 110. (x - 5)(x + 5) x 2 - 25 111. (2x + 1)(2x - 1) 4x 2 - 1

( ) _ ( ) _ () _ ( ) _
2 -3
2 4
16 x 2y 2 x4 4 -3
125 2xy 2 27x 3
16x 6 - 9y 2
52. _ 53. _ 54. _ 55. _2
112. (x 2 + 4)(x 2 - 4) x 4 - 16 113. (2 + 3x 3)(2 - 3x 3)4 - 9x 114. (4x 3 - 3y)(4x 3 + 3y)
6
3 81 y3 y2 5 64 3(xy) 8

S16 Extra Practice Extra Practice S17

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027_2R.indd S16 11/18/05 3:46:48

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027_2R.indd
PM S17 12/27/05 4:58:04 PM

58, 61–63, 70, 73, 76–78, 85,

Chapter 8 Skills Practice 33, 34, 36–41, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52. See p. A38. Chapter 8 Skills Practice 87, 91, 94, 96, 107. See p. A38.
Write the prime factorization of each number. Factor each trinomial. Check your answer.
Lesson Lesson
(x + 2)(3x + 8) (4x - 2)(2x - 3)
8-1 1. 24 2 3 · 3 2. 78 2 · 3 · 13 3. 88 2 3 · 11 4. 63 3 2 · 7 8-4 58. 2x 2 + 13x + 15 59. 3x 2 + 14x + 16 60. 8x 2 - 16x + 6
5. 128 2 7
6. 102 2 · 3 · 17 7. 71 prime 8. 125 5 3
61. 6x 2 + 11x + 4 62. 3x 2 - 11x + 6 63. 10x 2 - 31x + 15
(3x - 2)(x - 3)
Find the GCF of each pair of numbers. 64. 6x 2 - 5x - 4 65. 8x 2 - 14x - 15 66. 4x 2 - 11x + 6(x - 2)(4x - 3)
(3x - 4)(2x + 1) (4x + 3)(2x - 5)
9. 18 and 66 6 10. 24 and 104 8 11. 30 and 75 15 67. 12x - 13x + 3
2
68. 6x - 7x - 10
2
69. 6x 2 + 7x - 3(2x + 3)(3x - 1)
12. 24 and 120 24 13. 36 and 99 9 14. 42 and 72 6
(3x - 1)(4x - 3) (6x + 5)(x - 2)
70. 2x 2 + 5x - 12 71. 6x 2 - 5x - 6 72. 8x 2 + 10x - 3
(3x + 2 ) (2x - 3 ) (4x - 1)(2x + 3)
Find the GCF of each pair of monomials. 73. 10x 2 - 11x - 6 74. 4x 2 - x - 5 75. 6x 2 - 7x - 20
3 2
(4x - 5)(x + 1) (3x + 4)(2x - 5)
3
15. 4a and 9a 4
a 2
16. 6q and 15q 5
3q 2
17. 6x and 14y 3
2 76. -2x + 11x - 5
2
77. -6x - x + 12
2
78. -8x - 10x - 3
2

18. 4z 2 and 10z 5 2z 2 19. 5g 3 and 9g g 20. 12x 2 and 21y 2 3 79. -4x 2 + 16x - 15 80. -10x 2 + 21x + 10 81. -3x 2 + 13x - 14
-1(2x - 5)(2x - 3) -1(5x + 2)(2x - 5) -1(3x - 7)(x - 2)
Lesson Factor each polynomial. Check your answer. Lesson Determine whether each trinomial is a perfect square. If so, factor. If not,
8-2 21. 6b 2 - 15b 3 3b 2(2 - 5b) 22. 11t 4 - 9t 3 t 3(11t + 9) 23. 10v 3 - 25v 5v (2v 2 - 5) 8-5 explain why.
no, -8x ≠ 2(x · 3)
24. 12r + 16r 3 4r 3 + 4r 2 ( ) 2(
82. x 2 - 8x + 16 (x - 4)2 83. 4x 2 - 4x + 1 (2x - 1)2 84. x 2 - 8x + 9
25. 17a 4 - 35aa 17a 2 - 35) 26. 9f + 18f + 12f
2 5 2

3f (3 + 6f 4 + 4f) 85. 9x 2 - 14x + 4 86. 4x 2 + 12x + 9 (2x + 3)2 87. x 2 + 8x - 16

Factor each expression.
(3 + 4a)(a + 3) (5 - 2k)(k - 4) (5 + 4c 2)(c - 3) 88. 9x 2 - 42x + 49 (3x - 7)2 89. 4x 2 + 18x + 25 90. 16x 2 - 24x + 9 (4x - 3)2
27. 3(a + 3) + 4a(a + 3) 28. 5(k - 4) - 2k (k - 4) 29. 5(c - 3) + 4c 2(c - 3)
no; 18x ≠ 2(2x · 5)
30. 3(t - 4) + t (t - 4) 31. 5(2r - 1) - s(2r - 1) 32. 7(3d + 4) - 2e(3d + 4) Determine whether each trinomial is the difference of two squares. If so, factor. If
(3 + t)(t - 4) (5 - s)(2r - 1) (7 - 2e)(3d + 4) not, explain why.
No; 35 is not a perfect square.
(3k - 1)(k 2 + 5) (c - 5)(c + 5)
Factor each polynomial by grouping. Check your answer.
91. 4 - 16x 4 92. -t 2 - 35 93. c 2 - 25
33. x 3 + 3x 2 - 2x - 6 34. 2m 3 - 3m 2 + 8m - 12 35. 3k 3 - k 2 + 15k - 5
94. g 5 - 9 ( )
95. v 4 - 64 (v 2 - 8) v 2 + 8 96. x 2 - 120
36. 15r 3 + 25r 2 - 6r - 10 37. 12n 3 - 6n 2 - 10n + 5 38. 4z 3 - 3z 2 + 4z - 3
97. x 2 - 36 (x - 6)(x + 6) 98. 9m 2 - 15 99. 25c 2 - 16 (5c - 4)(5c + 4)
39. 2k 2 - 3k + 12 - 8k 40. 3p 2 - 2p + 8 - 12p 41. 10d 2 - 6d + 9 - 15d No; 15 is not a perfect square.
42. 6a 3 - 4a 2 + 10 - 15a 43. 12s 3 - 2s 2 + 3 - 18s 44. 4c 3 - 3c 2 + 15 - 20c Find the missing term in each perfect-square trinomial.
(3a - 2)(2a 2 - 5) (6s - 1)(2s 2 - 3) (4c - 3)(c 2 - 5) 100. 4x 2 - 20x + 25 101. 9x 2 + 6x + 1 102.16x 2- 56x + 49
Lesson Factor each trinomial. Check your answer.
(x + 5)(x + 8) 103. 9b 2 -30b + 25 104. 4a 2+ 28a + 49 105. 4a 2 + 4a + 1
8-3 45. x + 15x + 36
2
46. x + 13x + 40
2
47. x + 10x + 16
2
(x + 2)(x + 8)
48. x - 9x + 18
2
49. x - 11x + 28
2
50. x - 13x + 42
2 (x - 6)(x - 7) Lesson Tell whether each polynomial is completely factored. If not, factor.
3(3d - 2)(2d - 7)
51. x 2 + 4x - 21 52. x 2 - 5x - 36 53. x 2 - 7x - 30 (x + 3)(x - 10) 8-6 106. 5(16x 2 + 4) 107. 3r (4x 2 - 9) 108. (9d - 6)(2d - 7)
No; 20(4x 2 + 1)
54. Factor c 2 - 2c - 48. Show that the original polynomial and the factored form 109. (5 - h)(6 - 5h) 110. 12y 2 - 2y - 24 111. 3f (2f 2 + 5fg + 2g 2)
describe the same sequence of values for c = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Yes 2(2y - 3)(3y + 4) 3f (2f + g)(f + 2g)
112–128. Factor each polynomial completely. Check your answer.
Complete the table. See p. A38.
112. 12b 3 - 48b 113. 24w 4 - 20w 3 - 16w 2 114. 18k 3 - 32k
Sign of Numbers 115. 4a 3 + 12a 2 - a 2b - 3ab 116. 3x 3y - 6x 2y 2 + 3xy 3 117. 36p 2q - 64q 3
x 2 + bx + c Sign of c Binomial factors in Binomials
118. 32a 4 - 8a 2 119. m 3 + 5m 2n + 6mn 2 120. 4x 2 - 3x 2 - 16x + 48x
x 2 + 9x + 20 Positive (x + 4)(x + 5) Both positive
55. x 2 - x - 20 Negative
? (x + 4?)(x + 5?) Positive,?negative 121. 18d 2 + 3d - 6 122. 2r 2 - 9r - 18 123. 8y 2 + 4y - 4

56. x 2 - 2x - 8 ?
Negative (x + 2?)(x + 4?) Positive,?negative 124. 81 - 36u 2 125. 8x 4 + 12x 2 - 20 126. 10j 3 + 15j 2 - 70j
57. x 2 - 6x + 8 ?
Positive (x + 2?)(x + 4?) ?
Both negative 127. 27z 3 - 18z 2 + 3z 128. 4b 2 + 2b - 72 129. 3f 2 - 3g 2 3(f + g)(f - g)

S18 Extra Practice Extra Practice S19

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd S15 5/25/06 7:11:27

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
PM S16 pages S16–S19 Extra Practice 927
5/25/06 7:11:31 PM
 Chapter 9 Skills Practice 1–3. See p. A38. Chapter 9 Skills Practice
Lesson Tell whether each function is quadratic. Explain. Lesson Solve each quadratic equation by graphing the related function.
9-1 1. y + 4x 2 = 2x - 3 2. 4x - y = 3 3. 3x 2 - 4 = y + x 9-5 32. x 2 - x - 2 = 0 -1, 2 33. x 2 - 2x + 8 = 0 34. 2x 2 + 4x - 6 = 0 -3, 1
4. x -6 -4 -2 -0 2 5. x 0 1 2 3 4 35. 2x 2 + 9x = -4 - _1 , -4 36. 2x 2
+3=0
no real solutions
37. 2x 2 - 2x - 12 = 0 -2, 3
2 no real solutions
y -5 -6 -4 2 11 y -5 -5 -3 1 7 38. 3x 2 = -3x + 6 -2, 1 39. x 2 = 4 -2, 2 40. 2x 2 + 6x - 20 = 0 -5, 2
No; the second differences are not constant. Yes; the second differences are constant. 41. -3x 2 - 2 = 0 42. x 2 = -2x + 8 -4, 2 43. x 2 - 2x = 15 -3, 5
Tell whether the graph of each quadratic function opens upward or downward. no real solutions
Then use a table of values to graph each function. For graphs, see p. A38. Lesson Use the Zero Product Property to solve each equation. Check your answer.
6. y = -3x 2 downward 7. y = _ 2 x 2 upward 8. y = x 2 + 2 upward 9. y = -4x 2 + downward 44. (x + 3)(x - 2) = 0 -3, 2 45. (x - 4)(x + 2) = 0 -2, 4 46. (x)(x - 4) = 0 0, 4
2x 9-6
3
47. (2x + 6)(x - 2) = 0 -3, 2 48. (3x - 1)(x + 3) = 0 -3, _1 49. (x)(2x - 4) = 0 0, 2
Identify the vertex of each parabola. Then find the domain and range. 3
10. 11. 12. Solve each quadratic equation by factoring. Check your answer.
Y Y Y
  50. x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0 -3, -2 51. x 2 - 3x - 4 = 0 -1, 4 52. x 2 + x - 12 = 0 -4, 3

X

53. x 2 + x - 6 = 0 -3, 2 54. x 2 - 6x + 5 = 0 1, 5 55. x 2 + 4x - 12 = 0 -6, 2
X   
56. x 2 = 6x - 9 3 57. 2x 2 + 4x = 6 -3, 1 58. x 2 + 2x = -1 -1
 
 
59. 3x 2 = 3x + 6 -1, 2 60. x 2 = x + 12 -3, 4 61. 4x 2 + 8x + 4 = 0 -1

 
Lesson Solve using square roots. Check your answer.
9-7 62. x 2 = 169 ±13 63. x 2 = 121 ±11 64. x 2 = 289 ±17
(1, -3); D: all real (-2, 2); D: all real
X
   
numbers; R: y ≥ -3 numbers; R: y ≤ 2 65. x 2 = -64 no real solutions 66. x 2 = 81 ±9 67. x 2 = -441 no real solutions
(4, 8); D: all real numbers; R: y ≤ 8
Lesson Find the zeros of each quadratic function and the axis of symmetry of each 68. 4x 2 - 196 = 0 ±7 69. 0 = 3x 2 - 48 ±4 70. 24x 2 + 96 = 0 no real solutions
parabola from the graph.
9-2 71. 10x 2 - 75 = 15 ±3 72. 0 = 4x 2 + 144 73. 5x 2 - 105 = 20 ±5
13. Y 14. Y 15. Y no real solutions
   Solve. Round to the nearest hundredth.
X X 74. 4x 2 = 160 ±6.32 75. 0 = 3x 2 - 66 ±4.69 76. 250 - 5x 2 = 0 ±7.07

        77. 0 = 9x 2 - 72 ±2.83 78. 48 - 2x 2 = 42 ±1.73 79. 6x 2 = 78 ±3.61
  
Lesson Complete the square to form a perfect square trinomial.
   9-8 80. x 2 - 8x + 16 81. x 2 + x +
1 _ 82. x 2 + 10x + 25

X 83. x 2 - 5x + _
25
84. x 2 + 6x + 9
4
85. x 2 - 7x + _
49
Zeros: 0 and 4; axis Zeros: none; axis 4 4
    
of symmetry: x = 2 of symmetry: x = 1 Solve by completing the square.
Zeros: -4 and 2; axis of symmetry: x = -1
For each quadratic function, find the vertex of its graph. 86. x 2 + 6x = 91 87. x 2 + 10x = -16 88. x 2 - 4x = 12 x = -2 or x = 6
x = -13 or x = 7 x = -8 or x = -2
16. y = 3x 2 - 6x + 2 (1, -1) 17. y = -2x 2 + 8x - 3 (2,5) 18. y = x 2 + 2x - 4 (-1,-5) 89. x 2 - 8x = -12 90. x 2 - 12x = -35 91. -x 2 - 6x = 5
x = 2 or x = 6 x = 5 or x = 7 x = -5 or x = -1
Lesson Graph each quadratic function. 19–24. See pp. A38–A39. 92. -x 2 - 4x + 77 = 0 93. -x 2 = 10x + 9 94. -x 2 + 63 = -2x x = -7 or 9
x = -11 or x = 7 x = -9 or x = -1
9-3 19. y = x 2 - 4x + 1 20. y = -x 2 - x + 4 21. y = 3x 2 - 3x + 1 Lesson Solve using the quadratic formula.
22. y - 2 = 2x 2 23. y + 3x 2 = 3x - 1 24. y - 4 = x 2 + 2x 9-8 95. x 2 + 3x - 4 = 0 96. x 2 - 2x - 8 = 0 97. x 2 + 2x - 3 = 0
x = -4 or x = 1 x = -2 or x = 4 x = -3 or x = 1
Lesson Order the functions from narrowest to widest. 98. x 2 - x - 10 = 0 99. 2x 2 - x - 4 = 0 100. 2x 2 + 3x - 3 = 0
f (x), h(x), g(x) x ≈ -2.70 or x ≈ 3.70 x ≈ -1.19 or x ≈ 1.69 x ≈ -2.19 or x ≈ 0.69
9-4 25. f (x) = 2x , g(x) = -4x , h(x) = -x
2 2 2 21 x 2, h(x) = -2x 2
26. f (x) = 3x , g(x) = _ Find the number of solutions of each equation using the discriminant.
g(x), f (x), h(x) 2
1 x2 101. x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0 102. 2x 2 - 3x + 2 = 0 103. x 2 - 5x + 2 = 0
27. f (x) = 4x 2, g(x) = x 2, h(x) = - _ 28. f (x) = 2x 2, g(x) = 5x 2, h(x) = -3x 2
4
f (x), g (x), h (x) g(x), h(x), f (x) 104. 2x 2 - 4x + 2 = 0 105. x 2 + 2x - 5 = 0 106. 2x 2 - 2x - 3 = 0
Compare the graph of each function with the graph of f (x) = x 2. 101. b 2 - 4ac is positive so there are 2 solutions. 104. b 2 - 4ac is zero so there is 1 solution.
29. g(x) = 2x 2 - 2 1 x2
30. g(x) = - _ 31. g(x) = -3x 2 + 1 102. b 2 - 4ac is negative so there no real solutions.105. b 2 - 4ac is positive so there are 2 solutions.
2 103. b 2 - 4ac is positive so there are 2 solutions. 106. b 2 - 4ac is positive so there are 2 solutions.
29–31. See p. A39.
S20 Extra Practice Extra Practice S21

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027_2R.indd S20 12/29/05 8:47:22

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
AM S18 5/25/06 7:11:40 PM

Chapter 10 Skills Practice Chapter 10 Skills Practice

Lesson Use the line graph for Exercises 1–4. *œ«Õ>̈œ˜Êœvʈ`ۈi Lesson 19. Identify the sample space and the outcome shown for the spinner at right.
2004
10-1 Sample space: {blue, green, yellow}; outcome shown: yellow
1. In what year was the population the greatest?
Óä
10-5 Write impossible, unlikely, as likely as not, likely, or certain to describe
2. Estimate the population in 2005. 19,000 £x each event.
3. During which one-year period did the £ä 20. Two people sitting next to each other on a bus have the same birthday.
population increase by the greatest amount? x Unlikely
21. Dylan rolls a number greater than 1 on a standard number cube.
2003 to 2004 ä
Likely
4. Estimate the amount by which the population
ä£

äÓ

äÎ

ä{

äx

äÈ

An experiment consists of randomly choosing a fruit snack from

Óä

Óä

Óä

Óä

Óä

Óä

decreased from 2005 to 2006. 3,000 9i>À

Outcome Frequency
a box. Use the results in the table to find the experimental
probability of each event. Cherry 8
Use the circle graph for Exercises 5–7.
5. Which candidate received the fewest votes?
Barnes 6œÌˆ˜}ÊœÀÊ-ÌÕ`i˜Ì‡ œ`ÞÊ*ÀiÈ`i˜Ì
22. choosing a blueberry fruit snack. _
3 Peach 6

6. Which two candidates received approximately >À˜ià 23. choosing a cherry fruit snack
2 10 _ Blueberry 6

the same number of votes? Jackson, Yang 6iiâ

În¯
£ä¯ 5 3
24. not choosing a cherry fruit snack _
5
7. A total of 400 students voted in the election.
Lesson Find the theoretical probability of each outcome.
How many votes did Velez receive? 152 >VŽÃœ˜ 9>˜}
Óǯ 10-6 25. rolling an even number on a number cube
1 _
Lesson The daily high temperatures in degrees Celsius
Óx¯
26. flipping two coins and both landing tails up
21 _
during a two-week period in Madison, Wisconsin, 4
10-2 are given at right. 27. randomly choosing a prime number from a bag that contains ten slips of paper
8. Use the data to make a stem-and-leaf plot.
High Temperatures (oC)
numbered 1 through 10 2 _
5
8–11. See 9. Use the data to make a frequency table with intervals. 28. The probability of choosing a green marble from a bag is _37_. What is the probability of
p. A39.
22 25 28 33 29 24 19 not choosing a green marble? 4 _
10. Use the frequency table from Exercise 9 to make a
histogram for the data.
19 18 25 32 30 32 25 7
29. The odds against winning a game are 8 : 3. What is the probability of winning the game? _
3
11
11. Use the data to make a cumulative frequency table. Lesson Tell whether each set of events is independent or dependent. Explain your answer.
Mean: 64.75; median: 65.5; 10-7 30. You pick a bottle of orange juice from a basket containing chilled drinks, and then
Lesson Find the mean, median, mode, and range of each data set.
mode: 68; range: 8 your friend chooses a bottle of apple juice. 30, 31. See p. A39.
10-3 12. 42, 45, 48, 45 Mean: 45; median: 45; 13. 66, 68, 68, 62, 61, 68, 65, 60
mode: 45; range: 6 31. You roll a 6 on a number cube and a coin lands heads up.
14. The numbers of customers who attended a reading at a bookstore on five different
nights are 15, 23, 92, 15, 25. Use the mean, median, and mode of the data to answer 32. A number cube is rolled three times. What is the probability of rolling three numbers
each question. 1
greater than 4? _
27
Mean = 34 Median = 23 Mode = 15 33. An experiment consists of randomly selecting a marble from a bag, replacing it, and
then selecting another marble. The bag contains 3 blue marbles, 2 orange marbles,
14b. For a. Which value describes the average number of customers at the readings? Mean
and 5 yellow marbles. What is the probability of selecting a blue marble and then a
explanation, b. Which value best describes the number of customers at the readings? Explain. Median yellow marble? 3_
see p. A39. 20
Use the data set to make a box-and-whisker plot. 15, 16. See p. A39. 34. Madeleine has 3 nickels and 5 quarters in her pocket. She randomly chooses one
15. 7, 8, 10, 2, 5, 1, 10, 8, 5, 5 16. 54, 64, 50, 48, 53, 55, 57 coin and does not replace it. Then she randomly chooses another coin. What is the
probability that she chooses two quarters? 5 _
Lesson 17. The graph shows the ages of people who listen to a radio program. 14
Lesson Tell whether each situation involves combinations or permutations. Then give the
10-4 a. Explain why the graph is misleading.
}iÃʜvÊ,>`ˆœÊ*Àœ}À>“ʈÃÌi˜iÀà number of possible outcomes.
b. What might someone believe because of the 10-8 Permutations; 6
35. How many different ways can three photographs be arranged in a row on a wall?
graph?
c. Who might want to use this graph? ÓxÊ̜ÊÎÈ 36. How many different smoothies can be made by blending two of the following fruits:
Îä¯ oranges, bananas, strawberries, and peaches? Combinations; 6
18. A researcher surveys people at the Elmwood
library about the number of hours they spend 1˜`iÀÊ£n 37. There are 6 entrants in a livestock competition at a county fair. How many different
reading each day. Explain why the following £x¯ ways can the first-place, second-place, and third-place ribbons be awarded? 120
£nÊ̜ÊÓ{
statement is misleading: “People in Elmwood £x¯ 38. An amusement park has 7 roller coasters. How many different ways can Jacinto
read for an average of 1.5 hours per day.” choose 4 different roller coasters to ride? 35
17, 18. See p. A39.
S22 Extra Practice Extra Practice S23

928 Extra Practice

a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd S19 pages S20–S23 5/25/06 7:11:45
a107se_BM_S0004-S0027.indd
PM S20 5/25/06 7:11:48 PM
 Chapter 11 Skills Practice 1, 2. See p. A39. Chapter 11 Skills Practice 31–42. See p. A40.
Lesson Find the next three terms in each geometric sequence. -162, 486, -1,458 Lesson Find the domain of each square-root function.
11-1 1. 1, 5, 25, 125 … 2. 736, 368, 184, 92, … 3. -2, 6, -18, 54, … 11-5 31. y = √
x+1 32. y = √
x-2+4 33. y = √
4+x
1, _
4. 8, 2, _ ___
1 , … 1 , 1 , 1 5. 7, -14, 28, -56, … 1, _
6. _ 1 , 1, 3, … 9, 27, 81 34. y = √
3x - 6 35. y = 1 + _ x
√ 36. y = √
4x - 1
2 8 32 128 512 112, -224, 448 9 3 3
7. The first term of a geometric sequence is 2, and the common ratio is 3. What is the Graph each square-root function.
8th term of the sequence? 4,374
37. y = √
x+2 38. y = √x-3 39. y = √
3x + 1
8. What is the 8th term of the sequence 600, 300, 150, 75, …? 4.6875
40. y = - √x
 41. y = 2 √
x+1 42. y = 3 √x
-2
Lesson Tell whether each set of ordered pairs satisfies an exponential function. Explain
Lesson Simplify each expression.
your answer. 9–18. See pp. A39–A40.
11-2

( )
1 , 0, 2 , 1, 8 , 2, 32 
9.  -1, _ ( ) ( ) ( )

10.  -1, - _ ( ) ( )
1 , 2, 4 
1 , 0, 0 , 1, _
( ) ( )
11-6 43. √_

128 8
2
44. √
7 2 + 24 2 25 45. (4 - x)2 4 - x
√
    3 _
2 2 2
46. √
_ 1 47. y 2 + 4y + 4 y + 2
√ 48. √
52 - 42 3

11. (-1, 4), (0, 1), 1, _
 4 ( )(
1 , 2, _1 
16  )  
12. (0, 0), (1, 3), (2, 12), (3, 27)
 
48 4
Simplify. All variables represent nonnegative numbers.
11 _
√
11
Graph each exponential function.
13. y = 3(2)
x 1 (4)x
14. y = _ 15. y = -3 x
72 6 √
49. √ 2 50. 75x 4y 3 5x 2y √
√ 3y 51. √_

81 9
64 _ 16a _ 18x _
3 √
√_ √
2  2 
√_
 8 4a 2x
4 4
_
()
x 52. 53. 54.
1 (2)
16. y = - _
x
17. y = 5 _1 18. y = -2(0.25)
x 6 2
49x 3
x x 3 25b 5b 7
2 2
Lesson Add or subtract.
Lesson Write an exponential growth function to model each situation. Then find the value
of the function after the given amount of time. 11-7 55. 5 √  8 √
7 + 3 √7 7 56. 6 √ 2 7 √2
2 + √  57. 5 √  3 √
3 - 2 √3 3
11-3
19. The rent for an apartment is $6600 per year and increasing at a rate of 4% per year;  + 7 √5
58. √5  - √
 - 9 √5 y + 4 √
5 59. 2 √ y 3 √
y - 3 √ y 60. 5 √  - 3 √3
3 + 4 √2 
5 years. y = 6600(1.04) ; $8029.91
t
2 √
3 + 4 √
2
Simplify each expression.
27 8 √ √ 4 √
3 + 3 √
20. A museum has 1200 members and the number of members is increasing at a rate of
75 + √
61. √ 3 45 - √
62. √ 20 5 63. 2 √
12 + √
18 2
2% per year; 8 years. y = 1200(1.02) ; 1406
t

64. 3 √ 48x 13 √

27x + √ 3x 65. 5 √ 80y 2 √
20y - 2 √ 5y 66. √
28a + 2 √
63a - √
175a
Write a compound interest function to model each situation. Then find the balance 3 √
7a
after the given number of years. 5 √
2y 67. √
50y - 2 √
18y + 3 √
8y 68. √
12x - √
27x - √5x 69. 5 √ 80s 6 √
180s - 6 √ 5s
- √ 3x - √5x
21. $4000 invested at a rate of 4% compounded quarterly; 3 years A = 4000(1.01) ; $4507.30
4t
Lesson Multiply. Write each product in simplest form.
 5 √ 12 6 √ 72. (3 √
3 ) 27
2
22. $5200 invested at a rate of 2.5% compounded annually; 6 years 11-8  √10
70. √5 2 71. √6 √ 2
A = 5200(1.025) ; $6030.41
t
73. (2 √7
 ) 28 15x 3x √ 3 (2 + √27
 ) 9 + 2 √
2
Write an exponential decay function to model each situation. Then find the value of 74. √
6x √ 10 75. √ 3
the function after the given amount of time. y = 800(0.94) ; $587.12
t
5 ( √
76. 2 √ 20 + 3) 20 + 6 √ 2x (3 + √
5 77. √ 2x + 4x 78. (4 + √3)(1 - √
8x )3 √ 3 ) 1 - 3 √3

79. (3 + √
5 )(8 - √
5) 80. (4 + √2
 ) 18 + 8 √ 81. (5 - √3
 ) 28 - 10 √
23. The cost of a stereo system is $800 and is decreasing at a rate of 6% per year; 5 years. 2 2
2 3
24. The population of a town is 14,000 and is decreasing at a rate of 2% per year; 10 years. 19 + 5 √
5
y = 14,000(0.98) ; 11,439 Simplify each quotient.
t
Lesson Graph each data set. Which kind of model best describes the data?
 
√
82. _
5 _
√
15 2 √7
83. _
 2 √35 _ √
84. _
3 √15 _
11-4 25. (0, 3), (1, 0), (2, -1), (3, 0), (4, 3) quadratic 25–27. For graphs, see p. A40. √3 3 √5 5 √
20 10
  
26. (-4, -4), (-3, -3.5), (-2, -3), (-1, -2.5), (0, -2), (1, -1.5) linear
 
5 √
85. _
7 _√ 
14 
√12a
86. _
√ 
6a _ 87. _
200x 5 √
√ 14x _
 √50 2 √32 4 √
28 7
27. (0, 4), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 0.5), (4, 0.25) exponential
  Solve each equation. Check your answer.
Lesson
Look for a pattern in each data set to determine which kind of model best describes
the data. 11-9 88. √x = 11 121 89. √
3x = 9 27 -2x = 10 -50
90. √
 
28. (-1, -5), (0, -5), (1, -3), (2, 1), (3, 7) quadratic -4x -
91. 5 = √
25 _ 92. 
√x + 5 = 12 49 93. 
√x - 4 = 1 25
   4
29. (0, 0.25), (1, 0.5), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 4) exponential 94. √
3x + 1 = 4 5 95. √
2x + 5 = 3 2 96. √
x - 4 + 1 = 7 40
  
6 - 3x - 2 = 4 -10
97. √ 98. √
6 - x - 5 = -3 2
30. (-2, 11), (-1, 8), (0, 5), (1, 2), (2, -1) linear  = 20 25
99. 4 √x
 

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Chapter 12 Skills Practice Chapter 12 Skills Practice 54, 55, 57, 86. See p. A41.
Lesson Tell whether each relationship is an inverse variation. Explain. Lesson Multiply. Simplify your answer.
12-1 1.
x y The product xy
2.
x y The product xy
3.
x y The product xy
12-4 47. _ ab 2a
4a 3 · _ _
48.
2
_ 6x 3y _
_ ·
8x 2yz 2 4x 4 x-3 ·_
49. _ 8 1
b 3 6a 2 3b 2 4y 4 3xz 5 y 2z 3 2 4x - 12
4 8 is not constant, 2 6 is constant, so -1 24 is constant, so
x
_ - 2 2x
_ -_ _
10 2(x - 2)
a b ·_ 9b _ 1 2 3 2
3x · _ 3x + 6 x _
so the relation- the relationship -12 the relationship 50. · 51. 52. _
8 16 3 4 2 x-5 3 3 6a c 12b c 8ac 3 5 2 3 2x + 4 9 2
16 32
ship is not an
inverse
6 2
is an inverse
variation.
4 -6
is an inverse
variation. 53. _ _ _
1 (x 2 - 2x - 8) x - 4 54.
3x (x + x - 30) 2
55. _ 2y
(y 2 + 10y + 25)
32 64 12 1 8 -3
2x + 4 4x - 20
2 3y + 15
variation.
4–6. See 4r + 8r
56. _ · _
3
r _4 57. _ x +x
·_x-3 2
a 2 - 3a - 10 · __
58. __ a 2 - 2a - 3
p. A40. 4. 3xy = 10 5. y - x = 6 6. 6xy = -1 r 3r + 6 3r
3
x - x - 6 6x + 6x
2 2 2
a2 - a - 6 a-5a+1
4b + 4 b - 1 _
_ 60. _ · _ _
12 2 b+1 pq + 2q
2 3pq + 3 3 r 2 + 3r + 2 2r + 6
7, 8. For 7. Write and graph the inverse variation in which y = 4 when x = 3. y = 59. _ · _ 61. _ · _
x b-1 8b 2 + 8 2 pq + 1 pq 2 + 2q 2 q 4r + 4 r 2 - 2r - 8
graphs,
see p. A41. 8. Write and graph the inverse variation in which y = 1 when x = 6. y = 3
_ _ _
r+3
2 x Divide. Simplify your answer.
2(r - 4)
9. Let x 1 = 6, y 1 = 8, and x 2 = 12. Let y vary inversely as x. Find y 2. 4
3x y
62. _
2 3
6y xz
÷_
4
_ 3
x + 4x + 3 ( 2
63. __
2
÷ x - 1) 64. __
p-1
÷ __
p 2 - 2p

10. Let x 1 = -4, y 1 = -2, and y 2 = 16. Let y vary inversely as x. Find x 2. _1 x 3z 2 x 2z 5 2y 3x 3 + 9x 2 1 _ p 2 + 4p - 5
_1
p 2 + 3p - 10

2 Lesson Add. Simplify your answer. 3x 2(x - 1) p

Lesson Identify the excluded values for each rational function.
12-5 5x 2
3x + _
65. _ _ x +1
2
66. _ + _1 - 3x x - 2 67. __ 2x 2 + __ 2x
4x 3 4x 3 x 2 x-1 x-1 x2 - 2x - 3 x 2 - 2x - 3
12-2 16 0
11. y = _ 12. y = _1 1 13. y = - _3 -5 14. y = _ 20 -20 Subtract. Simplify your answer.
_
2x
x x-1 x+5 x + 20 x-3
Identify the asymptotes. 68. _5 -_ 2 1 _ 69. _
5a 2 + 1
-_
15a + 1
70. _
m + 12 m + 4
m 2 + 2m _
- 2 _
6y 4 6y 4 2y 4 a2 - a - 6 a2 - a - 6 m2 - 9 m -9 m+3
15. y = _2 16. y = _8 17. y = _ 7 -6 18. y = _ 3 +4
_
5a
x-4 x+5 3x - 2 2x - 2
Find the LCM of the given expressions. a+2
x = 4, y = 0 x = -5, y = 0 _
x = 2 , y = -6
x = 1, y = 4 71. 8x 5y 8, 6x 4y 9 24x 5y 9 72. x 2 - 4, x 2 + 7x + 10
(x + 2)(x - 2)(x + 5)
73. d 2 - 2d - 3, d 2 + d - 12
Graph each function.
3 Add or subtract. Simplify your answer.
(d + 1)(d - 3)(d + 4)
1 1 1 +4 3
19–26.
See pp.
19. y = _
x+3
20. y = _
x-2
21. y = _
x 22. y = _
x-2 5 -_
74. _ 3 17 _
75. _ 5 +_ 1 1 76. _3x - _
x 4x _ _
y 2 4y 2 4y 2 x2 - x - 6 x + 2 x - 3 x-2 2-x x-2
-_+_
1 +2 1 -6 1 +5 1 +1
-4+_
A40–A41. 23. y = _ 24. y = _ 25. y = _ 26. y = _ 3 1
x-3 x-5 x+2 x+5 Lesson Divide. 3y
y
3 1
m 2m 2
m2
-4x - 5 + 12 _
12-6 77. (12y 5 - 16y 2 + 4y) ÷ 4y 2 78. (6m 4 - 18m + 3) ÷ 6m 2 79. (16x 4 + 20x 3 - 4x) ÷ -4x 3 x
Lesson Find the excluded value(s) of each rational expression.
b - 4b - 5 b - 5
2 2x + 9x + 4
2
6a - 13a - 5 2a - 5
2
12-3 3 0 -2 0, 1 6 p+1 80. __ 81. __ 2x + 1 82. __
27. _ 28. _ 29. __ -4, 3 30. __ -5, 1 b+1 x+4 3a + 1
7x x2 - x x 2 + x - 12 p 2 + 4p - 5
Divide using long division. 2x + 2 3y - 5
a - 6 83. (a 2 - 5a - 6) ÷ (a + 1) 84. (2x 2 + 10x + 8) ÷ (x + 4) 85. (3y 2 - 11y + 10) ÷ (y - 2)
Simplify each rational expression, if possible. Identify excluded values.

31. _ _ 4
7x 5 x ; x ≠ 0
4m 2 m ; m ≠ 0 32. _ _ 4x 2 - 8x
33. _ 34. _2y 2y
;y≠1 _ 86. (3x 2 - 2x - 7) ÷ (x - 2) 87. (2x 2 + 2x - 9) ÷ (x + 3) 88. (5x 3 + 2x 2 - 4) ÷ (x - 2)
12m 3 28x 4 x - 2 4x ; x ≠ 2 y-1 y-1
2x - 4 + _
3 5x 2 + 12x + 24 + _
44
5x + 20x 3 2
a+1 3y 3 + 3y x + 4x
3 Lesson Solve. Check your answer. x+3 x-2
35. _ 36. _ a + 1 37. _ _
x+4 a-2 _ ;a≠2 y2 + 1
38.
x2 + 4 12-7 89. _ 5 =_
x+1 x-1
4 9 90. _4 =_
t
10 6
t+9 m = m + 1 -4
91. _8 _ 6
5x ; x ≠ -4
2
a-2 3y ; no excluded values x ; no excluded values 4 8 3 1 5 6
Simply each rational expression, if possible. 92. _ = _ 5 93. _ _
=y 4 94. _ =_ -2
a-2 a+1 2y + 4 4w - 2 5w - 2
39. __
b+2 1
40. __
_
x-3 1 41. __ _
y 2 - 4y - 5 y - 5
42. __
(m + 2)2 _ m+2 _ 1 +_
95. _ 3 = -_ 1 -1, -2 96. _ x +_ 3 =_2 -4, 1
x 97. 1 - _3 =_
a
10 -2, 5
b 2 + 5b + 6 b + 3 x 2 - 6x + 9 x - 3 y 2 - 2y - 3 y - 3 m 2 - 6m - 16 m - 8 2 2m m2 2 2 a2
Solve. Identify any extraneous solutions.
43. __ x -9 x+3
2
44. _ _
2 - m - 1 45. _ x-4 _
- 1 2 46. __ 6 - 3x -
3 _ _ 3
98. _ = _ 8 x - 5 99. _2 x
_ + 2
100. _4x - 7 = _16
x 2 + x - 12 x + 4 3m 2 - 6m 3m 12x 2 - 3x 3 3x x 2 - 6x + 8 x-4 x+4 x+4 x = x2 - 4 4 x-4 x-4
no sol.
-4 is ext. -2 is ext. 4 is ext.
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 Extra Practice Chapter 2 Applications Practice

Chapter 1 Applications Practice 1. Economics In 2004, the average price of an 10. A cheetah can reach speeds of up to
ounce of gold was $47 more than the average 103 feet per second. What is the cheetah’s
price in 2003. The 2004 price was $410. Write speed in miles per hour? Round to the nearest
Biology Use the following information for 10. An art museum exhibits a square painting
and solve an equation to find the average price tenth. (Lesson 2-6) 70.2 mi/h
Exercises 1 and 2. that has an area of 75 square feet. Find its side
of an ounce of gold in 2003. (Lesson 2-1)
In general, every cell in the human body contains length to the nearest tenth. (Lesson 1-5) 8.7 ft
x + 47 = 410; $363 11. Write and solve a proportion to find the height
46 chromosomes. (Lesson 1-1) 11. Travel The base of the Washington 2. During a renovation, 36 seats were removed of the flagpole. (Lesson 2-7) 5.4 = x ; 18 ft _ _
1. Write an expression for the number of Monument in Washington, D.C., is a square from a theater. The theater now seats 580 8.1 27
chromosomes in c cells. 46c with an area of 336 yards. Find the length people. Write and solve an equation to find
of one side of the monument’s base to the the number of seats in the theater before the
2. Find the number of chromosomes in 8, 15, and nearest tenth. (Lesson 1-5) 18.3 yd renovation. (Lesson 2-1) x - 36 = 580; 616
50 cells. 368; 690; 2300
12. The toll to cross a bridge is $2 for cars, $5 for 3. A case of juice drinks contains 12 bottles and ¶
3. On a winter day in Fairbanks, Alaska, the trucks, and $10 for buses. The total amount costs $18. Write and solve an equation to find
temperature dropped from 12°F to -16°F. of money collected can be found using the the cost of each drink. (Lesson 2-2)
How many degrees did the temperature expression 2C + 5T + 10B. Use the table to 12x = 18; $1.50
drop? (Lesson 1-2) 28 degrees find the total amount of money collected 4. Astronomy Objects weigh about 3 times x°{ÊvÌ
4. Geography The elevation of the Dead Sea in between 10 A.M. and 11 A.M. (Lesson 1-6) $338 as much on Earth as they do on Mars. A
Jordan is -411 meters. The greatest elevation rock weighs 42 kg on Mars. Write and solve
Bridge Tolls, 10 A.M. to 11 A.M. an equation to find the rock’s weight on n°£ÊvÌ
on Earth is Mt. Everest, at 8850 meters. What is ÓÇÊvÌ
the difference in elevation between these two Type of Vehicle Number Earth. (Lesson 2-2) 42 = _ 1 x; 126 kg
locations? (Lesson 1-2) 9261 m 3 12. Paul has 8 jazz CDs. The jazz CDs are 5%
Car C 104 5. The county fair’s admission fee is $8 and each
5. Jeremy is raising money for his school ride costs $2.50. Sonia spent a total of $25.50. of his collection. How many CDs does Paul
Truck T 20
by selling magazine subscriptions. Each How many rides did she go on? (Lesson 2-3) 7 have? (Lesson 2-8) 160
Bus B 3
subscription costs $16.75. During the first
6. At the beginning of a block party, the 13. Sports During the 2004 season, the Texas
week, he sells 12 subscriptions. How much
13. The expression __59 (F - 32) converts a temperature was 84°. During the party, the Rangers baseball team had 32 players on their
money does he raise? (Lesson 1-3) $201
temperature F in degrees Fahrenheit to a temperature dropped 3° every hour. At the end active roster, 3 of whom were catchers. To the
6. As a service charge, Nadine’s checking account temperature in degrees Celsius. Convert 77°F of the party, the temperature was 66°. How nearest percent, what percent of the players
is adjusted by -$3 each month. What is the to degrees Celsius. (Lesson 1-6) 25°C were catchers? (Lesson 2-8) 9%
long was the party? (Lesson 2-3) 6 hours
total amount of the adjustment over the
course of one year? (Lesson 1-3) -$36 Use the following information for Exercises 14 7. Consumer Economics A health insurance 14. Miguel earns an annual salary of $38,000 plus
and 15. policy costs $700 per year, plus a $15 payment a 3.5% commission on sales. His sales for one
7. To go from one figure to the next in the year were $90,000. Find his total salary for the
sequence of figures, each square is split into An airplane has 12 rows of seats in first class and for each visit to the doctor’s office. A different
35 rows of seats in coach. Each row has the same plan costs $560 per year, but each office year. (Lesson 2-9) $41,150
four smaller squares. How many squares will
be in Figure 5? (Lesson 1-4) 1024 number of seats. (Lesson 1-7) visit is $50. Find the number of office visits
15. How long would it take $3600 to earn simple
14. The total number of seats in the plane is for which the two plans have the same total
interest of $450 at an annual interest rate of
12x + 35x, where x is the number of seats in a cost. (Lesson 2-4) 4
5%? (Lesson 2-9) 2.5 years
row. Simplify the expression. 47x
8. Geometry The formula A = __12 bh gives the
16. At the end of summer, a store offers swimsuits
ˆ}ÕÀiÊä ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£ ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ
15. Find the total number of seats in a plane that area A of a triangle with base b and height at a 30% discount. What is the final price of a
has 6 seats per row. 282 h. (Lesson 2-5) swimsuit that originally sold for $28?
8. When you fold a sheet of paper in half and
then open it, the crease creates 2 regions. Use the following information for Exercises 16
_
a. Solve A = __12 bh for h. h = 2A (Lesson 2-10) $19.60
Folding the paper in half 2 times creates 4 and 17. b
b. Find the height of a triangle with an area of 17. Mei sells strawberry jam at a farmer’s market
regions. How many regions do you create A sales representative earns $680 per week plus a 30 square feet and a base of 6 feet. 10 ft for $4.20 per jar. Each jar costs Mei $3 to make.
when you fold a sheet of paper in half 5 $40 commission for each sale. (Lesson 1-8) What is the markup as a percent?
times? (Lesson 1-4) 32 9. The ratio of students to adults on a school
16. Write a rule for the sales representative’s (Lesson 2-10) 40%
camping trip is 9 : 2. There are 6 adults on the
9. Dan began his stamp collection with just 5 weekly earnings. y = 680 + 40x
stamps in the first year. Every year thereafter, trip. How many students are there?
his collection grew 5 times as large as the 17. Write ordered pairs for the amount the sales (Lesson 2-6) 27
year before. How many stamps were in Dan’s representative earns for 5, 8, and 10 sales.
collection after 4 years? (Lesson 1-4) 625 (5, 880); (8, 1000); (15, 1080)
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Chapter 3 Applications Practice 1–4. See p. A41. Chapter 4 Applications Practice 1–4, 7–8. See p. A41.
1. At a food-processing factory, each box of 8. The admission fee at an amusement park is 1. Donnell drove on the highway at a constant 7. The function y = 3.5x describes the number
cereal must weigh at least 15 ounces. Define $12, and each ride costs $3.50. The park also speed and then slowed down as she of miles y that the average turtle can walk in
a variable and write an inequality for the offers an all-day pass with unlimited rides for approached her exit. Sketch a graph to show x hours. Graph the function. Use the graph to
acceptable weights of the cereal boxes. Graph $33. For what numbers of rides is it cheaper to the speed of Donnell’s car. Tell whether the estimate how many miles a turtle can walk in
the solutions. (Lesson 3-1) buy the all-day pass? (Lesson 3-4) graph is continuous or discrete. (Lesson 4-1) 4.5 hours. (Lesson 4-4)
Greater than 6 rides
2. In order to qualify for a discounted entry fee at 9. Geometry The perimeter of a rectangle with 2. Lori is buying mineral water for a party. The 8. Earth Science The Kangerdlugssuaq glacier
a museum, a visitor must be less than 13 years length
and width w is given by 2(
+ w). The bottles are available in six-packs. Sketch a in Greenland is flowing into the sea at the
old. Define a variable and write an inequality length of a rectangle is 18 inches. What must graph showing the number of bottles Lori rate of 1.6 meters per hour. The function
for the ages that qualify for the discounted the width of the rectangle be in order for will have if she buys 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 six-packs. y = 1.6x describes the number of meters y
entry fee. Graph the solutions. (Lesson 3-1) its perimeter to be at least 50 inches? Tell whether the graph is continuous or that flow into the sea in x hours. Graph the
(Lesson 3-4) w ≥ 7 discrete. (Lesson 4-1) function. Use the graph to estimate the
3. A restaurant can seat no more than 102 number of meters that flow into the sea in
customers at one time. There are already 10. The table shows the cost of Internet access at 3. Health To exercise effectively, it is important 8 hours. (Lesson 4-4)
96 customers in the restaurant. Write and two different cafes. For how many hours of to know your maximum heart rate. You can
solve an inequality to find out how many access is the cost at Cyber Station less than the calculate your maximum heart rate in beats 9. The scatter plot shows a relationship between
additional customers could be seated in the cost at Web World? (Lesson 3-5) per minute by subtracting your age from the number of lemonades sold in a day and
restaurant. (Lesson 3-2) Greater than 16 hours 220. (Lesson 4-2) the day’s high temperature. Based on this
Internet Access relationship, predict the number of lemonades
4. Meteorology A hurricane is a tropical a. Express the age x and the maximum heart
that will be sold on a day when the high
storm with a wind speed of at least 74 mi/h. Cafe Cost rate y as a relation in table form by showing
temperature is 96°F. (Lesson 4-5) 48
A meteorologist is tracking a storm whose the maximum heart rate for people who are
Cyber $12 one-time membership fee
current wind speed is 63 mi/h. Write and solve 20, 30, 35, and 40 years old. i“œ˜>`iÊ->iÃ
Station $1.50 per hour
an inequality to find out how much greater the b. Is this relation a function? Why or why not?
Web No membership fee
wind speed must be in order for this storm to
World $2.25 per hour nä
be considered a hurricane. (Lesson 3-2) 4. Sports The table shows the number of games
won by four baseball teams and the number Èä

Õ«ÃÊ܏`

Hobbies Use the following information for 11. Larissa is considering two summer jobs. A of home runs each team hit. Is this relation a
Exercises 5–7. job at the mall pays $400 per week plus $15 function? Explain. (Lesson 4-2) {ä
When setting up an aquarium, it is recommended for every hour of overtime. A job at the movie
theater pays $360 per week plus $20 for every Óä
that you have no more than one inch of fish per Season Statistics
gallon of water. For example, in a 30-gallon tank, hour of overtime. How many hours of overtime
would Larissa have to work in order for the Wins Home Runs ä
the total length of the fish should be at most Óä {ä Èä nä
30 inches. (Lesson 3-3) job at the movie theater to pay a higher salary 95 185 ˆ}…ÊÌi“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ­c®
than the job at the mall? (Lesson 3-5)
93 133
Greater than 8 hours 10. The Elmwood Public Library has 85 Spanish
Freshwater Fish
12. Health For maximum safety, it is 80 140
books in its collection. Each month, the
Name Length (in.) recommended that food be stored at 93 167 librarian plans to order 8 new Spanish books.
a temperature between 34°F and 40°F
Red tail catfish 3.5 How many Spanish books will the library have
inclusive. Write a compound inequality
Blue gourami 1.5 5. Michael uses 5.5 cups of flour for each loaf after 15 months? (Lesson 4-6) 205
to show the temperatures that are within
the recommended range. Graph the of bread that he bakes. He plans to bake a
maximum of 4 loaves. Write a function rule 11. Nikki purchases a card that she can use to ride
5. Write an inequality to show the possible solutions. (Lesson 3-6) the bus in her town. The card costs $45, and
numbers of blue gourami you can put in a 10- to describe the number of cups of flour used.
Find a reasonable domain and range for the each time she rides the bus $1.50 is deducted
gallon aquarium. 1.5x ≤ 10 13. Physics Color is determined by the
from the value of the card. How much money
wavelength of light. Wavelengths are function. (Lesson 4-3)
6. Find the possible numbers of blue gourami measured in nanometers (nm). Our eyes see f(x) = 5.5x; D: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}; R: {0, 5.5, 11, 16.5, 22} will be left on the card after Nikki has taken
6. A gym offers the following special rate. New 12 bus rides? (Lesson 4-6) $27
you can put in a 10-gallon aquarium. the color green when light has a wavelength
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 between 492 nm and 577 nm inclusive. members pay a $425 initiation fee and then
7. Find the possible numbers of red tail catfish Write a compound inequality to show the pay $90 per year for 1, 2, or 3 years. Write
you can put in a 20-gallon aquarium. wavelengths that produce green light. Graph a function rule to describe the situation.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 the solutions. (Lesson 3-6) Find a reasonable domain and range for the
function. (Lesson 4-3)
12, 13. See p. A41.
f(x) = 425 + 90x; D: {1, 2, 3}; R: {$515, S605, $695}

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 Chapter 5 Applications Practice 1–6, 7b, 9, 10. See pp. A41–A42. Chapter 6 Applications Practice 4, 9–14. See p. A42.
1. Jennifer is having prints made of her 7. A bicycle rental costs $10 plus $1.50 per hour. 1. Net Sounds, an online music store, charges $12 9. Sports The table shows the time it took two
photographs. Each print costs $1.50. The The cost as a function of the number of hours per CD plus $3 for shipping and handling. Web runners to complete the Boston Marathon
function f (x) = 1.50x gives the total cost of is shown in the graph. (Lesson 5-6) Discs charges $10 per CD plus $9 for shipping in several different years. If the patterns
the x prints. Graph this function and give its and handling. For how many CDs will the cost continue, will Shanna ever complete the
a. Write an equation that represents the cost
domain and range. (Lesson 5-1) be the same? What will that cost be? marathon in the same number of minutes as
as a function of the number of hours.
y = 1.5x + 10 (Lesson 6-1) 3; $39 Maria? Explain. (Lesson 6-4)
2. Rolando is serving on jury duty. He is paid b. Identify the slope and y-intercept and
$40, plus $15 for each day that he serves. The describe their meaning. 2. At Rocco’s Restaurant, a large pizza costs $12
Marathon Times (min)
function f (x) = 15x + 40 gives Rolando’s total plus $1.25 for each additional topping. At
pay for x days. Graph this function and give its c. Find the cost of renting a bike for 6 hours. Pizza Palace, a large pizza costs $15 plus $0.75 2003 2004 2005 2006
domain and range. (Lesson 5-1) ˆVÞViÊ,i˜Ì>Ê
œÃÌà $19 for each additional topping. For how many Shanna 190 182 174 166
toppings will the cost be the same? What will
3. The Chang family lives 400 miles from Denver. Maria 175 167 159 151
that cost be? (Lesson 6-1) 6; $19.50
They drive to Denver at a constant speed of 50 Îä

œÃÌÊ­f®
mi/h. The function f (x) = 400 - 50x gives their Óä
Use the following information for Exercises 3 10. Jordan leaves his house and rides his bike at
distance in miles from Denver after x hours. and 4. 10 mi/h. After he goes 4 miles, his brother
(Lesson 5-2) £ä The coach of a baseball team is deciding between Tim leaves the house and rides in the same
two companies that manufacture team jerseys. direction at 12 mi/h. If their rates stay the
a. Graph this function and find the intercepts.
ä
Ó { È One company charges a $60 setup fee and $25 per same, will Tim ever catch up to Jordan?
b. What does each intercept represent? jersey. The other company charges a $200 setup fee Explain. (Lesson 6-4)
/ˆ“iÊ­…®
and $15 per jersey. (Lesson 6-2)
4. History The table shows the number of 8. A hot-air balloon is moving at a constant rate. 11. Charmaine is buying almonds and cashews for
nations in the United Nations in different Its altitude is a linear function of time, as 3. For how many jerseys will the cost at the two a reception. She wants to spend no more than
years. Find the rate of change for each time shown in the table. Write an equation in companies be the same? What will that cost be? $18. Almonds cost $4 per pound, and cashews
interval. During which time interval did the slope-intercept form that represents this 14; $410 cost $5 per pound. Write a linear inequality to
U.N. grow at the greatest rate? (Lesson 5-3) function. Then find the balloon’s altitude 4. The coach is planning to purchase 20 jerseys. describe the situation. Graph the solutions.
after 25 minutes. (Lesson 5-7) Which company is the better option? Why? Then give two combinations of nuts that
Year 1945 1950 1960 1975 Charmaine could buy. (Lesson 6-5)
Number of Balloon’s Altitude 5. Geometry The length of a rectangle is
51 60 99 144 5 inches greater than the width. The sum of 12. Luis is buying T-shirts to give out at a school
Nations Time (min) Altitude (m) y = -5x + 250;
the length and width is 41 inches. Find the fund-raiser. He must spend less than $100 for
0 250
125 m
length and width of the rectangle. (Lesson 6-2) the shirts. Child shirts cost $5 each, and adult
5. The graph shows the temperature of an oven 23 in.; 18 in. shirts cost $8 each. Write a linear inequality
7 215
at different times. Find the slope of the line. 6. At a movie theater, tickets cost $9.50 for to describe the situation. Graph the solutions.
Then tell what the slope represents. 12 190 adults and $6.50 for children. A group of Then give two combinations of shirts that Luis
(Lesson 5-4) 7 moviegoers pays a total of $54.50. How many could buy. (Lesson 6-5)
9. Geometry Show that the points A(2, 3), adults and how many children are in the
"Ûi˜Ê/i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀi B(3, 1), C (-1, -1), and D(-2, 1) are the group? (Lesson 6-3) 3 adults, 4 children 13. Nicholas is buying treats for his dog. Beef
vertices of a rectangle. (Lesson 5-8)
/i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ­c®

{xä cubes cost $3 per pound, and liver cubes

­£ä]Ê{£ä®
7. Business A grocer is buying large quantities cost $2 per pound. He wants to buy at least
10. A phone plan for international calls costs of fruit to resell at his store. He purchases
Îxä 2 pounds of each type of treat, and he wants
$12.50 per month plus $0.04 per minute. The apples at $0.50 per pound and pears at $0.75 to spend no more than $14. Graph all possible
Óxä ­{ä]ÊÓ™ä® monthly cost for x minutes of calls is given by per pound. The grocer spends a total of $17.25 combinations of the treats that Nicholas could
the function f (x) = 0.04x + 12.50. How will the for 27 pounds of fruit. How many pounds of
ä Óä {ä buy. List two possible combinations.
graph change if the phone company raises the each fruit does he buy? (Lesson 6-3)
/ˆ“iÊ­“ˆ˜® (Lesson 6-6)
monthly fee to $14.50? if the cost per minute is 12 lb of apples; 15 lb of pears
raised to $0.05? (Lesson 5-9) 8. Bricks are available in two sizes. Large bricks 14. Geometry The perimeter of a rectangle is
6. Sports Competitive race-walkers move at weigh 9 pounds, and small bricks weigh 4.5 at most 20 inches. The length and the width
a speed of about 9 miles per hour. Write a pounds. A bricklayer has 14 bricks that weigh a are each at least 3 inches. Graph all possible
direct variation equation for the distance y total of 90 pounds. How many of each type of combinations of lengths and widths that
that a race-walker will cover in x hours. Then brick are there? (Lesson 6-3) 6 large, 8 small result in such a rectangle. List two possible
graph. (Lesson 5-5)
combinations. (Lesson 6-6)

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Chapter 7 Applications Practice Chapter 8 Applications Practice

1. Biology The eye of a bee is about 10 -3 m in 9. A rock is thrown off a 220-foot cliff with an 1. Ms. Andrews’s class has 12 boys and 18 girls. 8. A rectangular poster has an area of
diameter. Simplify this expression. initial velocity of 50 feet per second. The For a class picture, the students will stand in (6x 2 + 19x + 15) in 2. The width of the poster
(Lesson 7-1) 0.001 m height of the rock above the ground is given by rows on a set of steps. Each row must have the is (2x + 3) in. What is the length of the
the polynomial -16t 2 - 50t + 220, where t is same number of students, and each row will poster? (Lesson 8-4) (3x + 5) in.
2. A typical stroboscopic camera has a shutter the time in seconds. What is the height of the contain only boys or girls. How many rows will
speed of 10 -6 seconds. Simplify this expression. rock after 2 seconds? (Lesson 7-5) 56 ft there be if Ms. Andrews puts the maximum 9. Physics The height of an object thrown
(Lesson 7-1) 0.000001 s number of students in each row? (Lesson 8-1) upward with a velocity of 38 feet per second
10. The sum of the first n natural numbers is 5 from an initial height of 5 feet can be modeled
3. Space Exploration During a mission that given by the polynomial __12 n 2 + __12 n. Use this 2. A museum director is planning an exhibit of by the polynomial -16t 2 + 38t + 5, where t is
took place in August, 2005, the Space Shuttle polynomial to find the sum of the first 9 Native American baskets. There are 40 baskets the time in seconds. Factor this expression.
Discovery traveled a total distance of natural numbers. (Lesson 7-5) 45 from North America and 32 baskets from Then use the factored expression to find the
9.3 × 10 6 km. The Space Shuttle’s velocity South America. The baskets will be displayed object’s height after __12 second. (Lesson 8-4)
was 28,000 km/h. (Lesson 7-2) 11. Biology The population of insects in a on shelves so that each shelf has the same -1(8t + 1)(2t - 5); 20 ft
meadow depends on the temperature. A number of baskets. Baskets from North and 10. A rectangular pool has an area of
a. Write the total distance that the Space
biologist predicts the population of insect A South America will not be placed together (9x 2 + 30x + 25) ft 2. The dimensions of the
Shuttle traveled in standard form. 9,300,000 km
with the polynomial 0.02x 2 + 0.5x + 8 and the on the same shelf. How many shelves will pool are of the form ax + b, where a and b are
b. Write the Space Shuttle’s velocity in population of insect B with the polynomial be needed if each shelf holds the maximum whole numbers. Find an expression for the
scientific notation. 2.8 × 10 4 km 0.04x 2 - 0.2x + 12, where x is the temperature number of baskets? (Lesson 8-1) 9 perimeter of the pool. Then find the perimeter
in degrees Fahrenheit. (Lesson 7-6) when x = 5. (Lesson 8-5) 12x + 20; 80
4. There are approximately 10,000,000 grains in 3. The area of a rectangular painting is (3x2 + 5x)ft2.
a pound of salt. Write this number in scientific a. Write a polynomial that represents the Factor this polynomial to find expressions for 11. Geometry The area of a square is
notation. (Lesson 7-2) 1 × 10 7 total population of both insects. the dimensions of the painting. (Lesson 8-2) 9x 2 - 24x + 16. Find the length of each side of
0.06x 2 + 0.3x + 20 Possible dimensions are x ft and (3x + 5)ft. the square. Is it possible for x to equal 1 in this
b. Write a polynomial that represents the
5. A high-speed centrifuge spins at a speed of 4. Geometry The surface area of a cylinder with situation? Why or why not? (Lesson 8-5)
difference of the populations of insect B
2 × 10 4 rotations per minute. How many radius r and height h is given by the expression 11. See p. A42.
and insect A. 0.02x 2 - 0.7x + 4
rotations does the centrifuge make in one 2πr 2 + 2πrh. Factor this expression. Architecture Use the following information for
hour? Write your answer in scientific notation. 12. Geometry The length of the rectangle shown (Lesson 8-2) 2πr(r + h) Exercises 12–14.
(Lesson 7-3) 1.2 × 10 6 is 1 inch longer than 3 times the width. An architect is designing a rectangular hotel room.
5. The area of a rectangular classroom in square
6. Astronomy Earth travels approximately a. Write a polynomial that represents the area A balcony that is 5 feet wide runs along the length
feet is given by x 2 + 9x + 18. The width of the
5.8 × 10 8 miles as it makes one orbit of of the rectangle. 3x 2 + x of the room, as shown in the figure. (Lesson 8-6)
classroom is (x + 3) ft. What is the length of
the Sun. How far does Earth travel in
b. Find the area of the rectangle when the the classroom? (Lesson 8-3) (x + 6) ft ÓÝÊvÌ xÊvÌ
50 years? (Note: One year is one orbit of
width is 4 inches. (Lesson 7-7) 52 in 2
the Sun.) Write your answer in scientific Gardening Use the following information for
notation. (Lesson 7-3) 2.9 × 10 10 mi Exercises 6 and 7.
Ý
7. Geography In 2005, the population of A rectangular flower bed has a width of (x + 4) ft.
ÎÝÊÊ£ The bed will be enlarged by increasing the length,
Indonesia was 2.4 × 10 8. This was 8 times
the population of Afghanistan. What was the as shown. (Lesson 8-3)
13. A cabinet maker starts with a square piece
population of Afghanistan in 2005? Write your
of wood and then cuts a square hole from
answer in standard form. (Lesson 7-4) 12. The area of the room, including the balcony,
its center as shown. Write a polynomial that
30,000,000 represents the area of the remaining piece of
­ÝÊÊ{®ÊvÌ
is (4x 2 + 12x + 5) ft 2. Tell whether the
8. The Golden Gate Bridge weighs about polynomial is fully factored. Explain.
wood. (Lesson 7-8) 6x + 27
8 × 10 8 kg. The Eiffel Tower weighs about No; it can be factored as (2x + 5)(2x + 1).
1 × 10 7 kg. How many times heavier is the 6. The original flower bed has an area of 13. Find the length and width of the room
Golden Gate Bridge than the Eiffel Tower? (x 2 + 9x + 20)ft 2. What is its length? (x + 5) ft (including the balcony).
Write your answer in standard form. (2x + 5) ft; (2x + 1) ft
(Lesson 7-4) 80 7. The enlarged flower bed will have an area of 14. How long is the balcony when x = 9?
ÝÊÊÎ
(x 2 + 12x + 32)ft 2. What will be the new length 19 ft
of the flower bed? (x + 8) ft
ÝÊÊÈ

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 Chapter 9 Applications Practice Chapter 10 Applications Practice 7–9. See p. A42.
1. The table shows the height of a ball at 8. A child standing on a rock tosses a ball into the Geography Use the following information for 7. Use the data to make a box-and-whisker plot.
various times after being thrown into the air. The height of the ball above the ground is Exercises 1–3.
8. The weekly salaries of five employees at a
air. Tell whether the function is quadratic. modeled by h = -16t 2 + 28t + 8, where h is The bar graph shows the areas of the Great restaurant are $450, $500, $460, $980, and
Explain. (Lesson 9-1) Yes; the second differ- the height in feet and t is the time in seconds. Lakes. (Lesson 10-1) $520. Explain why the following statement
ences are constant. Find the time it takes the ball to reach the
is misleading: “The average salary is
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 ground. (Lesson 9-6) 2 s
Ài>ÃʜvÊ̅iÊÀi>ÌÊ>Žià $582.” (Lesson 10-4)
Height (ft) 200 204 176 116 24 9. A fireworks rocket is shot directly up from 9. The graph shows the sales figures for three
>ŽiÊ"˜Ì>Àˆœ
the edge of a rooftop. The height of the sales representatives. Explain why the graph
2. The height of the curved roof of a camping rocket above the ground is modeled by >ŽiÊ Àˆi is misleading. What might someone believe
tent can be modeled by f (x) = -0.5x 2 + 3x, h = - 16t 2 + 40t + 24, where h is the height in because of the graph? (Lesson 10-4)

>Ži
where x is the width in feet. Find the height of feet and t is the time in seconds. Find the time >ŽiʈV…ˆ}>˜
the tent at its tallest point. (Lesson 9-2) 4.5 ft it takes the rocket to hit the ground. ->iÃÊvœÀÊ"V̜LiÀ
(Lesson 9-6) 3 s >ŽiÊÕÀœ˜
3. Engineering A small bridge passes over
£n]äää

->iÃÊ­f®
a stream. The height in feet of the bridge’s 10. Geometry The base of the triangle in the >ŽiÊ-Õ«iÀˆœÀ
£Ç]äää
curved arch support can be modeled by figure is five times the height. The area of ä £ä]äää Óä]äää Îä]äää
£È]äää
f (x) = -0.25x 2 + 2x + 1.5, where the x-axis the triangle is 400 in 2. Find the height of the
Ài>Ê­“ˆ ® Ó
£x]äää
represents the level of the water. Find the triangle to the nearest tenth. (Lesson 9-7) £{]äää
height of the arch support. (Lesson 9-2) 5.5 ft 12.6 in. 1. Estimate the difference in the areas between

˜
“

iÀ

φ
ˆ>

˜`
the lake with the greatest area and the lake

À
ˆ
Ý

7
4. Sports The height in meters of a football that
with the least area. 25,000 mi 2
is kicked from the ground is approximated xÝ ->iÃÊ,i«ÀiÃi˜Ì>̈Ûi
by f (x) = -5x 2 + 20x, where x is the time in 2. Estimate the total area of the five lakes.
seconds after the ball is kicked. Find the ball’s 11. The length of a rectangular swimming pool is
94,000 mi 2 10. A manager inspects 120 stereos that were built
3. Approximately what percent of the total area is
maximum height and the time it takes the ball 8 feet greater than the width. The pool has an at a factory. She finds that 6 are defective. What
Lake Superior? About 33%
to reach this height. Then find how long the area of 240 ft 2. Find the length and width of is the experimental probability that a stereo
ball is in the air. (Lesson 9-3) 20 m; 2 s; 4 s the pool. (Lesson 9-8) 12 ft; 20 ft 4. The scores of 18 students on a Spanish exam chosen at random will be defective?
are given below. Use the data to make a stem- (Lesson 10-5) 0.05 or 5%
5. Physics Two golf balls are dropped, one from 12. Geometry One base of a trapezoid is 4 ft and-leaf plot. (Lesson 10-2) 4. See p. A42.
a height of 400 feet and the other from a height longer than the other base. The height of the Travel Use the following information for
of 576 feet. (Lesson 9-4) 5. See p. A42. trapezoid is equal to the shorter base. The Exam Scores Exercises 11–13.
a. Compare the graphs that show the time it trapezoid’s area is 80 ft 2. Find the height. 65 94 92 75 71 83 77 73 91 A row of an airplane has 2 window seats, 3 middle
takes each golf ball to reach the ground. ( )
Hint: A = _12_ h(b 1 + b 2) (Lesson 9-8) 8 ft 82 63 79 80 77 99 76 80 88 seats, and 4 aisle seats. You are randomly assigned
a seat in the row. (Lesson 10-6)
b. Use the graphs to tell when each golf ball Ý
reaches the ground. 5. The numbers of customers who visited a hair 11. Find the probability that you are assigned a
Ý
salon each day are given below. Use the data to window seat. 2 _
6. A model rocket is launched into the air with make a frequency table with intervals. 9
an initial velocity of 144 feet per second. The (Lesson 10-2) 5. See p. A42. 12. Find the odds in favor of being assigned a
ÝÊÊ{ window seat. 2 : 7
quadratic function y = -16x 2 + 144x models
the height of the rocket after x seconds. How Number of Customers Per Day 13. Find the probability that you are not assigned
long is the rocket in the air? (Lesson 9-5) 9 s 13. A referee tosses a coin into the air at the start
of a football game to decide which team will
32 35 29 44 41 25 35 a middle seat. 2 _
get the ball. The height of the coin above the 40 41 32 33 28 33 34 3
14. A class consists of 19 boys and 16 girls. The
7. A gymnast jumps on a trampoline. The
quadratic function y = -16x 2 + 24x models ground is modeled by h = -16t 2 + 12t + 4, teacher selects one student at random to
her height in feet above the trampoline after where h is the height in feet and t is the time in Sports Use the following information for be the class president and then selects a
x seconds. How long is the gymnast in the seconds after the coin is tossed. Will the coin Exercises 6 and 7. different student to be vice president. What
air? (Lesson 9-5) 1.5 s reach a height of 8 feet? Use the discriminant The numbers of points scored by a college football is the probability that both students are
to explain your answer. (Lesson 9-9) team in 11 games are given below. (Lesson 10-3) girls? (Lesson 10-7) 24 _
13. See p. A42. 119
10 17 17 14 21 7 10 14 17 17 21
6. Find the mean, median, mode, and range of
the data set. Mean: 15; median: 17; mode: 17; range: 14

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Chapter 11 Applications Practice 5. See p. A42. Chapter 12 Applications Practice 1, 3, 4. See pp. A42–A43.
1. Scientists who are developing a vaccine track  gives the
7. The function f (x) = √1.44x 1. The inverse variation xy = 200 relates the 7. A committee consists of five more women than
the number of new infections of a disease each approximate distance in miles to the horizon number of words per minute x at which a men. The chairperson randomly chooses one
year. The values in the table form a geometric as observed by a person whose eye level is x person types to the number of minutes y person to serve as secretary and a different
sequence. To the nearest whole number, how feet above the ground. Jamal stands on a tower that it takes to type a 200-word paragraph. person to serve as treasurer. Write and simplify
many new infections will there be in the 6th so that his eyes are 180 ft above the ground. Determine a reasonable domain and range an expression that represents the probability
year? (Lesson 11-1) 2848 What is the distance to the horizon? Round and then graph this inverse variation. Use the that both people who are chosen are men.
your answer to the nearest tenth. graph to estimate how many minutes it would What is the probability of choosing two men
Year Number of New (Lesson 11-5) 16.1 mi take to type the paragraph at a rate of 60 words if there are 6 men on the committee?
Infections per minute. (Lesson 12-1) (Lesson 12-4) 7. See p. A43.
9. Geometry Given the surface area, S, of a
1 12,000
sphere, the formula r = ___S
4π √
can be used to 2. Business The owner of a deli finds that the 8. Transportation A delivery truck makes a
2 9000 find the sphere’s radius. What is the radius of number of sandwiches sold in one day varies delivery to a town 150 miles away traveling
3 6750 a sphere with a surface area of 100 m 2? Use inversely as the price of the sandwiches. When r miles per hour. On the return trip, the
3.14 for π. Round your answer to the nearest the price is $4.50, the deli sells 60 sandwiches. delivery truck travels 20% faster. Write and
2. Finance For a savings account that earns hundredth of a meter. (Lesson 11-5) 2.82 m How many sandwiches can the owner expect simplify an expression for the truck’s round-
5% interest each year, the function to sell when the price is $3.60? (Lesson 12-1) trip delivery time in terms of r. Then find the
9. Cooking A chef has a square baking pan with
f (x) = 2000(1.05) gives the value of a
x
75 round-trip delivery time if the truck travels 55
sides 8 inches long. She wants to know if an 3. A gardener has $30 in his budget to buy
$2000 investment after x years. (Lesson 11-2)
11-inch fish can fit in the pan. Find the length packets of seeds. He receives 3 free packets of _; 5 h
275 mi/h on its way to the delivery. (Lesson 12-5)
a. Find the investment’s value after 5 years. of the diagonal of the pan. Give the answer as seeds with his order. The number of packets r 9. Recreation Jordan is hiking 2 miles to a vista
$2552.56 y he can buy is y = __
30
x + 3, where x is the
a radical expression in simplest form. Then point at the top of a hill and then back to his
b. Approximately how many years will it take
estimate the length to the nearest tenth of price per packet. Describe the reasonable campsite at the base of the hill. His downhill
for the investment to be worth $3100? 9
an inch. Tell whether the fish will fit in the domain and range values. Then graph the rate is 3 times his uphill rate, r. Write and
3. Chemistry Cesium-137 has a half-life of pan. (Lesson 11-6) 8 √ 2 in. ≈ 11.3 in.; yes function. (Lesson 12-2) simplify an expression in terms of r for the
30 years. Find the amount left from a 200-gram time that the round-trip hike will take. Then
10. Alicia wants to put a fence around the irregular
sample after 150 years. (Lesson 11-3) 6.25 grams 4. Ashley wants to save $1000 for a trip to Europe. find how long the hike will take if Jordan’s
garden plot shown. Find the perimeter of the
4. The cost of tuition at a dance school is $300 plot. Give your answer as a radical in simplest
She puts aside x dollars per month, and her
grandmother contributes $10 per month.
uphill rate is 2 mi/h. (Lesson 12-5) 8 ; 1 1 h _ _
a year and is increasing at a rate of 3% a year. form. (Lesson 11-7) 11 √ 3m 3r 3
The number of months y it will take to save 10. Geometry The volume of a rectangular prism
Write an exponential growth function to model
ÊȖе

е
“
£ÓÊÊ $1000 is y = _____
1000
x + 10
. Describe the reasonable is the area of the base times the height. A
the situation and find the cost of tuition after
ÊȖÓÇÊÊ
е

е
“ domain and range values. Then graph the rectangular prism has a volume given by
4 years. (Lesson 11-3) y = 300(1.03)t; $337.65 ÊȖе
ÎÊÊ


“
function. (Lesson 12-2) (2x 2 + 7x + 5) cm 3 and a height given by
5. Use the data in the table to describe how the ÊȖе

е
“
ÇxÊÊ (x + 1) cm. What is the area of the base of the
price of the company’s stock is changing. Then 5. Geometry Find the ratio of the area of a rectangular prism? (Lesson 12-6) 2x + 5
write a function that models the data. Use your 11. Physics The velocity of an object in meters circle to the circumference of the circle. (Hint:
√2 √ For a circle, A = πr 2 and C = 2πr). For what 11. Tanya can deliver newspapers to all of the
function to predict the price of the company’s
stock after 7 years. (Lesson 11-4)
per second is given by _____E
, where E is kinetic
√
m
energy in Joules and m is mass in kilograms.
_
radius is this ratio equal to 1? (Lesson 12-3) r ; r = 2 houses on her route in 1 hour. Her brother,
2 Nick, can deliver newspapers along the
What is the velocity of an object that has 6. Geometry For a cylinder with radius r and
Stock Prices same route in 2 hours. How long will it
40 Joules of kinetic energy and a mass of height h, the volume is V = πr 2h, and the take to deliver the newspapers if they work
Year
Price ($)
0
10.00
1
11.00
2
12.20 13.31
3 10 kilograms? Give the answer as a radical
expression in simplest form. Then estimate
surface area is S = 2πr + 2πrh. What is the
2

ratio of the volume to the surface area for a

together? (Lesson 12-7) 2
h or 40 min _
the velocity to the nearest tenth. 3
cylinder? What is this ratio when r = h = 1? 12. Agriculture Grains are harvested using a
(Lesson 11-8) 2 √ 2 m/s ≈ 2.8 m/s
6. Use the data in the table to describe the rate
at which Susan reads. Then write a function
(Lesson 12-3) rh ; __
1 combine. A farm has two combines—one that
2(r + h) 4
12. A rectangular window has an area of 40 ft 2. can harvest the wheat field in 9 hours and
À
that models the data. Use your function to The window is 8 feet long and its height another that can harvest the wheat field in
predict the number of pages Susan will read in is √
x + 2 ft. What is the value of x? What is the 11 hours. How long will it take to harvest the
6 hours. (Lesson 11-4) height of the window? (Lesson 11-9) … wheat field using both combines?
x = 23; 5 ft (Lesson 12-7) 4 19 h or 4 h 57 min _
Total Number of Pages Read Susan reads 48 pages 20
Time (h) 1 2 3 4 per hour; y = 48x ; 288
Pages 48 96 144 192

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Problem-Solving Handbook
Problem Solving Handbook Make a Model Problem Solving Strategies
You can make a model, or representation of the
Draw a Diagram Make a Table
objects in a problem, to help you solve it. Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning
Draw a Diagram Problem Solving Strategies Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram
You can draw a diagram to help you visualize what EXAMPLE Find a Pattern Make an Organized List
Draw a Diagram Make a Table
the words of a problem are describing. Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem Mr. Duncan is using blue and white square tiles to create a pattern on his kitchen
Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning wall. The entire design will have 8 rows with 15 tiles in each row. The bottom row
Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram alternates colors starting with blue, and the row above that alternates colors
EXAMPLE Find a Pattern Make an Organized List starting with white. He will continue this alternating pattern so that the same two
A gardener wants to plant a 2.5-foot-wide border of colors are never next to each other. How many of each color tile does Mr. Duncan
flowers around a rectangular herb garden. The herb need to complete the entire design?
garden is 12 feet long and 7.5 feet wide. What is the
area of the border? 1 Understand the Problem

1 Understand the Problem You need to find how many of each color tile are needed. You know the number of
rows and the number of tiles in each row. The colors alternate so that the same two
You need to find the area of the garden’s border. You are given the garden’s colors are never next to each other.
dimensions and the width of the border.
2 Make a Plan
2 Make a Plan Use blocks (preferably blue and white, but any two colors would work) to make a
Draw and label a diagram of the herb garden with the surrounding border. Find the model of the first two rows. Count how many of each color you use. Then multiply to
dimensions of the outer rectangle. Then find the area of the inner rectangle and find how many of each color would be used in the entire design.
subtract to find the area of the border.
3 Solve
3 Solve Create the bottom row. Start with a blue block and alternate
length of outer rectangle: 2.5 ft + 12 ft + 2.5 ft = 17 ft Ó°xÊvÌ Ó°xÊvÌ colors across the row until you have used 15 blocks.
£ÓÊvÌ
width of outer rectangle: 2.5 ft + 7.5 ft + 2.5 ft = 12.5 ft
Find the area of each rectangle: Ó°xÊvÌ

area of outer rectangle: 17 ft × 12.5 ft = 212.5 ft2 Create the row above the bottom row. Start with a white block. You could build all 8 rows
area of inner rectangle: 12 ft × 7.5 ft = 90 ft2 and just count the number of
Subtract: Ç°xÊvÌ each color, but each group
of two rows will be the
area of border: 212.5 ft2 - 90 ft2 = 122.5 ft2
same, so this way is quicker.

4 Look Back Ó°xÊvÌ There will be a total of 8 rows: 4 that start with blue and 4 that start with white.
Count how many of each color are used above and multiply each number by 4.
To check your answer, solve the problem in a different way.
blue: 15 × 4 = 60
Divide the border into four parts and find the area of £ÇÊvÌ
each part. Then add the areas. white: 15 × 4 = 60
Ó°xÊvÌ Mr. Duncan needs 60 blue tiles and 60 white tiles.
17 ft × 2.5 ft = 42.5 ft 2 7.5 ft × 2.5 ft = 18.75 ft 2
Ó°xÊvÌ
4 Look Back
17 ft × 2.5 ft = 42.5 ft 2 7.5 ft × 2.5 ft = 18.75 ft 2
Ç°xÊvÌ The grid is 15 units by 8 units, so there are 15 × 8 = 120 squares in the grid. Add the
number of blue and white tiles to see if the sum is 120: 60 + 60 = 120.
42.5 ft 2 + 42.5 ft 2 + 18.75 ft 2 + 18.75 ft 2 + = 122.5 ft2

PRACTICE 36 blue tiles, 24 green tiles, 60 white tiles

PRACTICE 1. Mr. Duncan decides to tile another area of his kitchen wall. This design will have 12 rows
1. A circular fish pond is surrounded by a circular border of stones that is 18 inches wide. with 10 tiles in each row. The bottom row will repeat this pattern: blue, white, blue, blue,
The fish pond is 4 feet in diameter. What is the area of the border? (Use 3.14 for π.) 25.905 ft2 white. The row above the bottom row will repeat this pattern: white, green, white, white,
2. Thirty-two teams are in the first round of a softball tournament. A team is eliminated green. He will use these two patterns for each of the remaining rows so that the first colors
as soon as it loses a game. How many games need to be played to determine the of each row always alternate. How many of each color tile will Mr. Duncan need?
winner? (Hint: Use a tree diagram.) 31 games

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Guess and Test Problem Solving Strategies Work Backward Problem Solving Strategies
The guess and test strategy can be used when you You can work backward to solve a problem when
Draw a Diagram Make a Table Draw a Diagram Make a Table
cannot think of another way to solve the problem. Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
you know the ending value and are asked to find the Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
Begin by making a reasonable guess, and then test it Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning initial value. Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning
to see whether your guess is correct. If not, adjust the Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram
Find a Pattern Make an Organized List Find a Pattern Make an Organized List
guess accordingly and test again. Keep guessing and EXAMPLE
testing until you correctly solve the problem.
Lee Ann is taking a vacation in Paris, France. Her flight arrived in Paris at 9:35 A.M.
on Tuesday. The plane left New York City and flew for 7 hours and 55 minutes to
EXAMPLE Nice, France, where there was a layover of 1 hour 12 minutes. From Nice the plane
flew 1 hour and 25 minutes to Paris. Paris time is 6 hours ahead of New York City
The manager of a college computer lab purchased 24 printers at a total cost of
time. What time did the plane leave New York City?
$3120. Some of the printers were laser, and some were ink jet. The laser printers
cost $250 each, and the ink jet printers cost $70 each. How many of each type of
1 Understand the Problem
printer did the manager purchase?
You are asked to find the time that the plane left New York City. You know when the
1 Understand the Problem flight arrived in Paris, the length of the stops that were made along the way, and the
time difference between New York City and Paris.
You know the cost of each type of printer and the total number of printers.
You need to find the number of each type of printer purchased.
2 Make a Plan
2 Make a Plan Work backward from the time the plane arrived in Paris, using inverse operations.
Then apply the time difference between the two cities.
Make reasonable first guesses for each type of printer. The sum must be 24. Then
multiply each guess by the cost of each printer. Find the total and compare it to
3 Solve
$3120. Adjust the guess as needed and continue until you find the solution.
Subtract the length of time it took to fly from Nice to Paris from the time Lee Ann
3 Solve arrived in Paris.
9:35 A.M. - 1 hour 25 minutes = 8:10 A.M.
Use a table to organize your guesses.
Subtract the length of the layover in Nice.
Laser Ink Jet Total 8:10 A.M. - 1 hour 12 minutes = 6:58 A.M.
Printers Printers Priners Total Cost Subtract the length of the flight from New York to Nice.
6:58 A.M. – 7 hours 55 minutes = 11:03 P.M. Monday
1st guess 12 12 24 12($250) + 12($70) Too high—try fewer laser
$3000 + $840 = $3840 printers. Since Paris time is ahead of New York time, subtract the time difference.
11:03 P.M., Monday - 6 hours = 5:03 P.M. Monday
2nd guess 6 18 24 6($250) + 18($70) Too low—try more laser
Lee Ann’s flight left New York City on Monday at 5:03 P.M.
$1500 + $1260 = $2760 printers.
3rd guess 8 16 24 8($250) + 16($70) Correct! 4 Look Back
$2000 + $1120 = $3120
Work forward to check your answer.
The manager purchased 8 laser printers and 16 ink jet printers. 5:03 P.M. Monday + 6 h + 7 h 55 min + 1 h 12 min + 1 h 25 min
= 5:03 P.M. Monday + 16 h 32 min
4 Look Back = 9:35 A.M. Tuesday
This matches the information given in the problem.
The total spent is $3120, and the total number of printers is 24. The solution
is correct.
PRACTICE
PRACTICE 1. A bus arrives in Dallas, Texas, at 10:59 A.M. on Friday. The bus left Atlanta,
Georgia, and took 12 hours and 15 minutes to arrive in Shreveport, Louisiana,
1. All 350 seats were sold for a concert in the park. Adult tickets cost $15, and where there was a 45-minute layover. From Shreveport it took 4 hours and 29
child tickets cost $5. Ticket sales totaled $4350. How many of each type of minutes to get to Dallas. Dallas time is 1 hour behind Atlanta time. What time did
ticket were sold? 260 adult tickets and 90 child tickets the bus leave Atlanta? 6:30 P.M. on Thursday
2. Jane is 3 times as old as Theo. Luke is 5 years older than Theo. Zoe is 8 years 2. Carolina bought a DVD player that was on sale for 90% of the original price. The
younger than twice Theo’s age, and Cassie is 6 years younger than Theo. The sum total amount she paid was $135.72, which included a sales tax of $5.22. What was
of their ages is 71. How old is each person? Jane is 30, Theo is 10, Luke is 15, Zoe is 12, and the original price of the DVD player? $145.00
Cassie is 4.

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 Find a Pattern Problem Solving Strategies Make a Table Problem Solving Strategies
If a problem involves a sequence of numbers or You can make a table to solve problems because
Draw a Diagram Make a Table Draw a Diagram Make a Table
figures, it is often necessary to find a pattern to Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
the rows and columns can help you arrange Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
solve the problem. Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning information. Sometimes this also allows you to discover Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning
Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram relationships that might otherwise be hard to notice. Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram
Find a Pattern Make an Organized List Find a Pattern Make an Organized List
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
Darian created the following sequence of stars:
A scientist begins a culture with 500 bacteria. The number of bacteria triples every
30 minutes. How many bacteria are in the culture after 2 __
1
2
hours?

1 Understand the Problem

How many stars will be in the 6th figure?
You are asked to find the number of bacteria in the culture after 2 _12_ hours.
1 Understand the Problem You know the initial number of bacteria, and you know that the population
triples every half hour.
You need to find the number of stars in the 6th figure. You can find the number in
the first four figures by counting.
2 Make a Plan
2 Make a Plan Make a table with rows for time and number of bacteria. Start with the initial
number in the culture. Increase the time in 30-minute increments and triple the
Count the number of stars in each of the first four figures. Use the information to
number of bacteria with each increase. Keep extending the table until the time is
find a pattern and determine a general rule.
2 _12_ hours (150 minutes).
3 Solve
3 Solve
Look for a pattern between the position of each figure in the sequence and the
number of stars in that figure. Time (min) 0 30 60 90 120 150

The number of stars is the square of the Bacteria 500 1500 4500 13,500 40,500 121,500
Position 1 2 3 4
position number plus the position number.
There are 121,500 bacteria in the culture after 2 _12_ hours.
Stars 2 6 12 20 This rule written algebraically is n 2 + n.
Evaluate the expression for n = 6: n2 + n 4 Look Back
6 2 + 6 = 36 + 6 = 42 Check your answer by solving a simpler problem. The number of bacteria in the
There will be 42 stars in the 6th figure. culture triples five times (150 min ÷ 30 min = 5). Start with 5 instead of 500 and triple
the number five times.
4 Look Back 5 × 3 = 15
Look for another pattern. The number of stars in each position increases by 4, then 15 × 3 = 45
by 6, then by 8. That is, the amount of increase always increases by 2. So the number 45 × 3 = 135
of stars in the 5th position will be 20 + 10, or 30, and the number of stars in the 6th
135 × 3 = 405
position will be 30 + 12, or 42.
405 × 3 = 1215
Multiply by 100 to find the total if you had started with 500; 1215 × 100 = 121,500
PRACTICE
1. The first three figures of a pattern are shown. 2. Lily drew the first four figures of a pattern. PRACTICE
How many circles will be in the 10th figure? 37 How many squares will be in the 7th figure? 14
1. A dietician’s report states that a 125-pound woman needs to eat about 1750
Calories a day to maintain her weight. It also states that a 132-pound woman
needs 1848 Calories and a 139-pound woman needs 1946 Calories a day. Based
on these values, how many Calories does a 160-pound woman need to eat each
day to maintain her weight? 2240 Calories
2. Simon opened a savings account with an initial deposit of $200. At the end of
each year, the account earns 4% interest. If he does not deposit or withdraw any
additional money, what would his balance be at the end of 6 years? $253.06

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Solve a Simpler Problem Problem Solving Strategies Use Logical Reasoning Problem Solving Strategies
Sometimes a problem contains numbers that make Use logical reasoning to solve problems when
Draw a Diagram Make a Table Draw a Diagram Make a Table
it seem difficult to solve. You can solve a simpler Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
you are given several facts and can use common sense Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
problem by rewriting the numbers so they are easier Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning to find a missing fact. Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning
to compute. Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram
Find a Pattern Make an Organized List Find a Pattern Make an Organized List
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE
Five players on a baseball team wear the numbers 2, 12, 15, 34, and 42. Their
During a skating competition, Jules skated around the track 35 times. One lap is positions are pitcher, catcher, first base, left field, and center field. The pitcher’s
0.9 mile. If Jules finished in 1 hour 30 minutes, what was his average speed? number is less than the left fielder’s number. The center fielder’s number is greater
than 25, and the left fielder wears an even number. The catcher wears number 34.
1 Understand the Problem What is the pitcher’s number?
You are asked to find Jules’s average speed for 35 laps. You know the distance of each 1 Understand the Problem
lap and the amount of time it took him to finish the competition.
You want to find the jersey number of the pitcher. You know there are five positions
2 Make a Plan and five jersey numbers. Some information about who wears which number is given.
Solve a simpler problem by using easier numbers to do the computations. 2 Make a Plan
3 Solve Organize the information in a table. Start with the fact that the catcher wears
number 34 and use logical reasoning to determine the numbers of the other
Find the total distance skated. positions.
35(0.9) There were 35 laps that measured 0.9 mile.
35(1 - 0.1) Write 0.9 as 1 - 0.1 3 Solve
35(1) - 3.5(0.1) Use the Distributive Property. The catcher wears number 34. No other player wears 34, and the catcher wears no
35 - 3.5 other number. Enter Y’s and N’s in the chart as shown.
31.5 The center fielder’s number is greater than 25, so he must wear number 42.
Use the distance formula to find the average speed. The left fielder cannot wear number 15 (because it is odd), and he cannot have the
d = rt least number (the pitcher’s number is less than his). The left fielder must wear 12.
31.5 = r × 1.5 1 hour 30 minutes = 1.5 hours
The pitcher’s number is less than 12 (the left fielder’s), so he must wear number 2.
_31.5 = r Solve for r.
1.5
315 = r
_ Multiply the numerator and denominator by 10 2 12 15 34 42
15 to eliminate the decimals. Pitcher Y N N N N Y = yes; N = no
_1 (315) = r
15 Catcher N N N Y N
_1 (300 + 15) = r
Write 315 as 300 + 15. First Base N N Y N N Once you enter Y in a cell, enter N in the
15 remaining cells for the row and the
_1 (300) + _ 1 (15) = r Left Fielder N Y N N N
Use the Distributive Property. column that include it.
15 15 Center Fielder N N N N Y
20 + 1 = r
21 = r The pitcher wears number 2.
Jules skated at an average speed of 21 miles per hour.
4 Look Back
4 Look Back Complete the chart if needed. Read the problem while looking at the chart to make
sure there are no contradictions.
Each lap is a little less than 1 mile, so 35 laps is a little less than 35 miles. Round this
distance to 30 miles and use d = rt to find the rate when the time is 1.5 hours:
30 mi = (1.5 h)r  r = 20 mi/h. This is close to 21 mi/h.
PRACTICE
1. Rose, Jill, Gaby, and Chloe bowled the scores 110, 125, 144, and 150. Jill did not
PRACTICE bowl the 110. The person who bowled the 150 is Rose’s sister and Jill’s aunt. Chloe
bowled the 125. What score did Jill bowl? 144
1. Diana swam 24 laps in the pool today. One lap is 200 feet. She swam at an
average rate of 4 feet per second. How many minutes did Diana swim? 20 min

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 Use a Venn Diagram Problem Solving Strategies Make an Organized List Problem Solving Strategies
You can use a Venn diagram to display If a problem asks you to find all the possible ways
Draw a Diagram Make a Table Draw a Diagram Make a Table
relationships among sets of numbers. Circles are used Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
in which something can happen, you can make an Make a Model Solve a Simpler Problem
to represent the individual sets. Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning organized list to keep track of the outcomes. Guess and Test Use Logical Reasoning
Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram Work Backward Use a Venn Diagram
Find a Pattern Make an Organized List Find a Pattern Make an Organized List
EXAMPLE
At a local supermarket, 194 people were given samples of two brands of orange EXAMPLE
juice. Their opinions were as follows: 120 people liked brand A, 101 people liked
brand B, and 15 people did not like either brand. How many people liked only A fair coin is tossed 4 times. What is the probability that it lands heads up at least
brand A? 3 times?

1 Understand the Problem 1 Understand the Problem

The total number of people was 194, and 15 of them did not like either brand. The You need to find the probability that a coin tossed 4 times lands heads up 3 or 4
statement “120 people liked brand A” means some of the 120 people liked only brand A times.
and some liked brand A and brand B. The statement “101 people liked brand B” means
some of the 101 people liked only brand B and some liked brand A and brand B. 2 Make a Plan
The formula for probability is:
2 Make a Plan
number of favorable outcomes
probability = ___
Use a Venn diagram to show the relationship among the groups of people. total number of outcomes

3 Solve The total number of outcomes is the number of items in the list. The number of
favorable outcomes is the number of times the coin lands heads up 3 or 4 times.
Draw and label two intersecting circles to show the sets of
À>˜`Ê
À>˜`Ê Make an organized list of the coin tosses to find the total number of outcomes.
people who liked brand A and brand B. Write 15 in the area
labeled “Neither.” œÌ… 3 Solve
Out of 194 people, 15 liked neither brand. Subtract 15 from
194 to find how many people liked at least one brand: Start with heads for all 4 tosses, then heads for the first 3 tosses, then heads for the
194 - 15 = 179. first 2 tosses, and then heads for the first toss. Repeat the pattern for tails.
Add the number of people who liked brand A to the number iˆÌ…iÀ\Ê£x HHHH HTHH TTTT THTT There are 16 total
of people who liked brand B: 120 + 101 = 221. You know there outcomes.
HHHT HTHT TTTH THTH
are only 179 people who liked at least one brand, so subtract
179 from 221: 221 - 179 = 42. This means 42 people were HHTH HTTH TTHT THHT There are 5 favorable
counted twice, and that 42 people liked both brands. Write 42 HHTT HTTT TTHH THHH outcomes.
in the area labeled both. À>˜`Ê
À>˜`Ê
Out of 120 people who liked brand A, 42 also liked brand B. œÌ… The probability that the coin lands heads up 3 or 4 times is __
5
16
.
Subtract 42 from 120 to find the number of people who liked Çn {Ó x™
only brand A: 120 - 42 = 78. 4 Look Back
So 78 people liked only brand A. Double-check that each combination is listed and that no combination is written
iˆÌ…iÀ\Ê£x more than once. You can also use the Fundamental Counting Principle to check
4 Look Back the total number of outcomes. For each of the 4 coin tosses, there are 2 possible
outcomes, so the total number of outcomes is 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16.
Find the number of people who liked brand B only: 101 - 42 = 59. Add all the
numbers in the Venn diagram. The sum of the number who liked only brand A,
the number who liked only brand B, the number who liked both brands, and the
number who liked neither brand should be the total number of people surveyed: PRACTICE
78 + 59 + 42 + 15 = 194. 1. A beagle, a fox terrier, an Afghan hound, and a golden retriever are competing in
the finals of a dog show. How many ways can the dogs finish in first, second, and
third place? 24
PRACTICE 2. Two number cubes are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the
In a group of 138 people, 55 own a cat, 27 own a cat and a dog, and 42 own numbers rolled is an odd number? 1 _
neither pet. 2
1. How many people own only a cat? 28 2. How many people own a dog? 68

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 Skills Bank
Skills Bank Times Tables
You can use a multiplication table to multiply and write number families. A number family
Place Value is a group of related number sentences that use the same numbers.

You can use a place-value chart to read and write numbers. The number 5,304,293,087,201.286
is shown below. EXAMPLE 1 × 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Trillions Billions Millions Thousands Ones . Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Find 8 × 9.
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Find where the 8’s row and
5, 304, 293, 087, 201 . 2 8 6 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
the 9’s column intersect.
8 × 9 = 72 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
EXAMPLE 1 Use the place-value chart to find the place value of the underlined digit. 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

EXAMPLE 2 6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
A 5,304,293,087,201.286 B 5,304,293,087,201.286 C 5,304,293,087,201.286
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
billions ten millions thousandths Write a multiplication and division 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
Expanded form shows the number as the sum of the values of each digit. The number 1463 number family for 8, 9, and 72.
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
written in expanded form is 1000 + 400 + 60 + 3. 8 × 9 = 72
9 × 8 = 72 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
72 ÷ 9 = 8 11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
EXAMPLE 2 Write 16,752,045.12 in expanded form. 72 ÷ 8 = 9
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144
10,000,000 + 6,000,000 + 700,000 + 50,000 + 2,000 + 40 + 5 + 0.1 + 0.02

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Use the place-value chart to find the place value of the underlined digit. Find each product. Write a multiplication and division number family for each set of
numbers.
1. 22.38 hundredths 2. 1,238,400 ten thousands 3. 2,809,354.003 millions
− − − 1. 4 × 8 2. 5 × 12 3. 3 × 11
3–6. See p. A43.
Write each number in expanded form. 4. 8 × 7 5. 9 × 6 6. 12 × 12
4. 899,456 5. 1645.445 6. 3,009,844,002,359 1. 32; 4 × 8 = 32; 8 × 4 = 32; 32 ÷ 8 = 4; 32 ÷ 4 = 8
4. 800,000 + 90,000 + 9,000 + 400 + 50 + 6 3,000,000,000,000 + 9,000,000,000 +
800,000,000 + 40,000,000 + 4,000,000 + 2. 60; 5 × 12 = 60; 12 × 5 = 60; 60 ÷ 12 = 5; 60 ÷ 5 = 12
5. 1000 + 600 + 40 + 5 + 0.4 + 0.04 + 0.005 Inverse Operations
2,000 + 300 + 50 + 9
Compare and Order Rational Numbers
Inverse operations “undo” each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations.
You can compare and order rational numbers by graphing them on a number line. Multiplication and division are inverse operations.

EXAMPLE 1 Order 0.25, __

3
4
, 0.1, and __
4
5
from least to greatest. EXAMPLE 1 Use inverse operations to check each answer.

ä°£ ä°Óx
ÚÚ
ÊÎÊ ÚÚ
Ê{Ê __
3
= 0.75 A 567 - 180  487 B 110 ÷ 11  10
{ x 4
__
4
= 0.8 487 + 180 Use addition 10 × 11 Use multiplication
ä ä°x £ 5
667 to check 110 to check division.
The values increase from left to right: 0.1, 0.25, _34_, _45_. 667 ≠ 557
subtraction.
110 = 110
incorrect correct

PRACTICE
Order each set of numbers from least to greatest. PRACTICE
2, 2_
1. 2.6, 2 _
_ _
1 2 2 , 2 1 , 2.6 2. 0.45, _ 4 3 , 4 , 0.45
3, _ __ 3. 0.55, _2 , 0.6 0.55, 0.6,_2 Use inverse operations to check each answer.
5 2 5 2 8 9 8 9 3 3
1. 51 + 25 = 86 2. 14 × 4 = 48 3. 144 ÷ 4 = 36 4. 345 - 72 = 273 correct
1 , 5.05, 5.5
4. 5.25, 5 _ 3, _
5. 0.4, _ 1 , 0.42 5, _
6. _ 4 , 0.6, _ _ __
6 4 , 0.6, 5 , 6 incorrect incorrect correct
3 5 4 8 9 7 9 8 7 5. 134 + 653 = 787 6. 364 ÷ 7 = 52 7. 500 - 428 = 82 8. 6 × 25 = 150 correct
5.05, 5.25, 5 _
1 , 5.5 _1 , 0.4, 0.42, _3 correct correct incorrect
3 4 5
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Translate from Words to Math Measurement

Some words indicate certain math operations. Common math words and phrases are shown The measurements for time 1 min = 60 s 1 wk = 7 days 1 leap yr = 366 days
below. Some are listed in more than one column, so always read the problem carefully. are the same worldwide. 1 h = 60 min 1 yr = 12 mo
1 day = 24 h 1 yr = 365 days
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
The customary system of Length Capacity Weight
add, plus, total, sum, subtract, minus, multiply, times, of, divide, divided by, measurement is used in the 12 in. = 1 ft 8 oz = 1 c 16 oz = 1 lb
more, more than, difference, less, less product, per, for each, quotient, divide equally, United States. 3 ft = 1 yd 2 c = 1 pt 2000 lb = 1 ton
increased by, in all, than, more, more than, total per, percent 5280 ft = 1 mi 2 pt = 1 qt
combined decreased by
The metric system is used Length Capacity Mass
elsewhere and in science 1 mm = 0.001 m 1 mL = 0.001 L 1 mg = 0.001 g
EXAMPLE worldwide. 1 cm = 0.01 m 1 kL = 1000 L 1 kg = 1000 g
1 km = 1000 m
A Caroline saved $42 in September, $25 in B Jamal bought 13 gallons of gas for $1.98 per
October, and $33 in November. How much gallon. What is the total amount he paid? Use the table below to convert from metric to customary measurements.
money did she save in all? The word “per” could mean multiplication
Length Capacity Mass/Weight Temperature
The words “in all” indicate addition. or division. But the word “total” indicates
multiplication. 1 cm ≈ 0.394 in. 1 L ≈ 1.057 qt 1 g ≈ 0.0353 oz
42 + 25 + 33 = 100
13 × 1.98 = 25.74.
(_95 × C) + 32
Caroline saved $100 in all. 1 m ≈ 3.281 ft 1 L ≈ 0.264 gal 1 kg ≈ 2.205 lb
F=
Jamal paid a total of $25.74. 1 m ≈ 1.094 yd 1 L ≈ 4.227 c 1 kg ≈ 0.001 ton
1 km ≈ 0.621 mi 1 mL ≈ 0.338 fl oz 1 metric T ≈ 1.102 ton

PRACTICE Use the table below to convert from customary to metric measurements.
1. Sarah worked 15 hours this week and 2. Lance biked 28.5 miles on Monday. On Thursday
earned a total of $112.50. How much does he biked 5.75 miles less than he did on Monday. Length Capacity Weight/Mass Temperature
she earn per hour? What words tell you How far did he bike on Thursday? What words 1 in. ≈ 2.540 cm 1 qt ≈ 0.946 L 1 oz ≈ 28.350 g
which operation to use? $7.50; per tell you which operation to use?
1 ft ≈ 0.305 m 1 gal ≈ 3.785 L 1 lb ≈ 0.454 kg _5 × (F - 32)
22.75 miles; less C=
1 yd ≈ 0.914 m 1 c ≈ 0.237 L 1 ton ≈ 907.185 kg 9
1 mi ≈ 1.609 km 1 fl oz ≈ 29.574 mL 1 ton ≈ 0.907 metric ton
Mental Math
Mental math strategies include using the Distributive Property, using the Commutative EXAMPLE
Property, and using facts about powers of 10.
A Write <, =, or >. B Convert 32 km/h to mi/h. C Convert 25°C to °F.
EXAMPLE Use mental math to solve each problem. 35 in. 1 yd 1 km/h ≈ 0.621 mi/h
5(
9 × 25 + 32
F= _ )
35 in. 3 ft 1 yd = 3 ft
A 6 × 17 B 225 + 78 + 75 C 132 × 100,000 35 in. < 36 in. 3 ft = 36 in. 32 km/h ≈32 0.621 mi/h F = 45 + 32
Break 17 into 10 + 7. Use the Commutative Count the number of zeros 35 in. < 1 yd 32 km/h ≈ 19.872 mi/h F = 77°F
Then use the Distributive Property to add or multiply in 100,000. Move the decimal
Property. numbers in a different order. point that many places right.

6 × 17 = 6 (10 + 7) 225 + 78 + 75 = 225 + 75 + 78 132 × 100,000 = 13,200,000 PRACTICE

= 6 (10) + 6 (7) = 300 + 78 = 13,200,000 Write <, >, or =.
= 60 + 42 = 378
= 102 1. 3 lb 40 oz 2. 200 cm 2m 3. 6 c 2 qt
> = <
Convert.
PRACTICE 4. 15mi/h to km/h 5. 2 weeks to hours 6. 32 fl oz to mL 7. 95°F to °C 8. 14 tons to kg
Use mental math to solve each problem. 24.135 km/h 336 hours 946.368 mL 35°C 12,700.59 kg
1. 3987 × 10,000 39,870,000 2. 5 × 29 145 3. 950 + 273 + 50 1273
4. 12 × 41 492 5. 25 × 42 × 4 4200 6. 4.5 × 100 × 2 900

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 Precision, Accuracy, and Significant Digits Absolute and Relative Error
Significant digits are those digits that are known to be correct in a measurement. It is never possible to measure quantities exactly—all measures are estimates. Accuracy
• All nonzero digits are significant. • Zeros between significant digits are significant. refers to how close a measurement is to its actual or accepted value. Absolute error is the
difference between the measured value and the actual or accepted value.
• Zeros after the last nonzero number after the • Zeros at the end of a whole number are not
decimal point are significant. significant absolute error = measured value - actual value

EXAMPLE 1 Determine the number of significant digits in each measurement.

EXAMPLE 1 Carolyn used her car’s odometer to measure the distance between her house
and her grandmother’s house. Carolyn’s measurement was 1653 miles. The
A 272 ft Three significant digits: 272 All digits are nonzero digits.
distance given on a map is 1642.2 miles. Find the absolute error in Carolyn’s
measurement.
B 0.0050 mm Two significant digits: 0.0050 The last zero is significant.
absolute error = measured value - actual value Use the equation for
Accuracy is determined by the exactness of a measurement—that is, how close it is to the
actual or accepted value. Precision describes the level of detail an instrument measures. A = 1653 - 1642.2 absolute error.

measurement of 200 mm is more precise than a measurement of 20 cm because millimeters are = 10.8 miles
a smaller unit of measurement. A measurement can be precise, but not accurate, and vice versa.
Relative error takes into account the size of the measurement by converting the error into
a percent.
EXAMPLE 2 Three students measured the width of a dictionary. Their measurements were
absolute error , written as a percent
relative error = __
21 cm, 8.5 in., and 212 mm. The publisher lists the width of the dictionary as 8.52 in.
actual value
A Which measurement is most accurate?
EXAMPLE 2 What was the relative error in Carolyn’s measurement?
8.5 in. 8.5 in. is closest to the accepted width of the dictionary.
absolute error
relative error = __ Use the equation for relative error.
B Which measurement is most precise? actual value
212 mm Millimeters are the smallest unit of measurement used. =_ 10.8 Though the absolute error is 10.8 miles, it is
1642.2 a relatively small error (less than 1%) when
• When adding or subtracting measurements, the answer must have the same number of
≈ 0.66% compared to the total distance measured.
decimal places as the measurement with the least number of decimal places.
• When multiplying or dividing measurements, the answer must have the same number
of significant digits as the least precise measurement. Tolerance is the maximum amount that a measure may vary from an accepted standard.
To find the maximum tolerated value for a measurement, add the tolerance to the
measurement. To find the minimum tolerated value for a measurement, subtract the
EXAMPLE 3 Perform the indicated operation. Write the answer with the correct number of tolerance from the measurement. These two values give a tolerance interval.
significant digits.

A 14 in. + 2.76 in. B 12.3 cm × 6.4 cm EXAMPLE 3 A pencil manufacturer specifies that the length of each pencil produced must be
14 in. + 2.76 in. = 16.76 in. 12.3 cm × 6.4 cm = 78.72 cm 2 18 cm, with a tolerance of 0.05 cm. What is the tolerance interval?
14 has zero decimal places. 12.3 has three significant digits. 18 ± 0.05 Add and subtract 0.05.
2.76 has two decimal places. 6.4 has two significant digits.
Round to zero decimal places: 17 in. Round to two significant digits: 79 cm 2 The tolerance interval ranges from 17.95 cm to 18.05 cm.

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Determine the number of significant digits in each measurement. 1. Jerome measured the liquid in a filled eye dropper as 0.95 mL. The manufacturer’s label
1. 1,234.55 yd 6 2. 10,000 mi 1 3. 0.040 km 2 4. 102.045 ft 6 says the capacity of the eye dropper is 1 mL. What are the absolute and relative errors
in Jerome’s measurement? 0.05; 5%
5. Three students measured the length of a classroom. Their measurements were 18.5 ft,
362 in., and 21 ft. A blueprint shows that the length of the classroom is 18.43 ft. 2. Julio used a metric ruler to take a measurement of 7.6 cm. The ruler has a precision of
0.1 cm. What is the tolerance interval for Julio’s measurement? 7.55 to 7.65
a. Which measurement is most accurate? 18.5 ft
b. Which measurement is most precise? 362 in.

Perform the indicated operation. Write the answer with the correct number of significant digits.
6. 244 in. + 4.58 in. 249 in. 7. 155.02 ft ÷ 0.05 ft 3000 ft 8. 38.33 yd × 2.8 yd 110 yd2

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Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles Complementary and Supplementary Angles

A point specifies an exact location in space. A line is a straight path that has no thickness Complementary angles are angles whose measures
and extends forever in two directions. A ray is a part of a line that extends forever in one add to 90°. ∠1 and ∠2 are complementary. Î {
direction. A plane is a flat surface that has no thickness and extends forever in all directions. £
Ó
Supplementary angles are angles whose measures
An angle is formed by two rays joined at Acute Obtuse add to 180°. ∠3 and ∠4 are supplementary.
their endpoints. Angles are classified by
size and can be measured with a protractor. < 90° > 90° Complementary and supplementary angles may or may not be adjacent (have a ray in common).

Parallel lines are lines in the same plane Right Straight

that never intersect. EXAMPLE
90° 180°
Perpendicular lines intersect to form
right angles. A The angles shown are complementary. B The two angles that form a draw
Find the unknown angle measure. bridge are supplementary. One angle
measures 30°. What is the measure of
EXAMPLE 1 Name a line, angle, ray, or plane. Then name the lines that are parallel or the other angle?
perpendicular.
¶ Óä¨ 180 - 30 = 150
The other angle measures 150°.
Line Choose two points on the line. Draw a bar with 
AB
arrows over the letters.
90 - 20 = 70°
Angle Use one point on one ray or line, then the vertex, ∠BAC
then a point on the other ray or line.

−− PRACTICE
Ray Write the endpoint first. Then write another point AC
the ray passes through.   1. Find the complement and supplement of a 48° angle. complement: 42°; supplement: 132°
Plane Use three points that are not all on the same line plane ABE
or ray. Tell whether each pair of angles is complementary,
Parallel Choose two lines that will never intersect. AB 
, EG supplementary, or neither.
Ó
Î
2. ∠1 and ∠4 supplementary 3. ∠2 and ∠3 neither £
Perpendicular Choose two lines that form a right angle. DF 
, EG { x
4. ∠1 and ∠2 complementary5. ∠4 and ∠5 supplementary

EXAMPLE 2 Use a protractor to measure the angle. Then classify the angle.
Align one ray along the base of the protractor, with the Vertical Angles
endpoint at the center. Read the protractor where the
second ray crosses it, extending the ray if needed. When two lines intersect, the nonadjacent angles are called vertical
120°; obtuse angles. Vertical angles always have the same measure. In the section
of fencing shown, there are two pairs of vertical angles: ∠1 and ∠3, ∠4 £
and ∠2. { Ó
Î

PRACTICE EXAMPLE 1 Find the measures of ∠BEC, ∠AEB, and ∠DEC.

Name a line, angle, ray, or plane. Then name the lines that are
m∠BEC = 70° ∠AED and ∠BEC are vertical.
parallel or perpendicular. 2. ∠ABC, ∠BDE, or ∠CDE

m∠AEB = 110° ∠AED and ∠AEB are supplementary.
1. line

AB 2. angle 3. ray 
BC or 
DE Çä¨
m∠DEC = 110° ∠AEB and ∠DEC are vertical.

5. parallel

,

 6. perpendicular 

4. plane AB DE

Possible answer: plane ABD ,

DE 
BC
PRACTICE
1. Name two pairs of vertical angles. 2. Find m∠PTS, m∠PTQ, and m∠QTR.
Use a protractor to measure each angle. Then classify the angle. ∠VZW and ∠YZX; ∠VZY
6
7 * + m∠PTS = 65°, m∠PTQ = 115°,
7. 8. 9. 90°; right < and ∠WZX m∠QTR = 65°
/
££x¨
9
20°; acute 145°; obtuse 8 -
,

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 Polygons Congruence
A polygon is a closed figure with Congruent segments are segments that are the same length.
Number Number
three or more sides. The name of a Congruent angles are angles that have the same measure.
of Sides Name of Sides Name
polygon is determined by its number
3 Triangle 8 Octagon Figures are congruent if all pairs of corresponding angles are congruent and all pairs of
of sides.
corresponding sides are congruent.
4 Quadrilateral 9 Nonagon
If all the sides are the same length,
and all the angles have the same 5 Pentagon 10 Decagon
EXAMPLE Identify the corresponding angles and sides.
measure, the polygon is a regular 6 Hexagon 12 Dodecagon
polygon. Sides and angles with the −− −−
same measures are marked with the
7 Heptagon n n-gon
 ∠A  ∠D AB  DE The order of the letters in
−− −− ABC  DEF shows which
same symbol. ∠B  ∠E BC  EF
−− −− angles and sides are congruent.
∠C  ∠F AC  DF

 Congruent sides and angles are also
EXAMPLE Identify each polygon. identified by the same mark.
̱

ÊɁÊ̱ ÊÊ

A The mark on each side indicates that they are

all the same length. The arch inside each angle PRACTICE
indicates that they all have the same measure.
Identify the corresponding angles and sides.
regular hexagon 1. , 7 2. JKL  OPQ ∠J ∠O; ∠L ∠Q; ∠K ∠P;
−− −− −− −− −− −−
KL PQ; JK OP; JL OQ
B
- 8
/ 9
−− −− −− −− −− −−
1. ∠R ∠W; ∠T ∠Y; ∠S ∠X; ST XY; RS WX; RT WY
pentagon

Symmetry
PRACTICE A line of symmetry is a line that can be drawn through a plane figure so that the figure on
Identify each polygon. one side of the line is a reflection of the figure on the other side.
1. heptagon 2. regular octagon 3. quadrilateral
EXAMPLES

Geometric Patterns A Determine the number of lines of B The line shown is a line of symmetry.
symmetry. Draw the reflection.
Patterns involving polygons may deal with size, color, position, or shape.

3 lines of
EXAMPLE Predict the next term:     symmetry

hexagon Each term has one more side than the

previous term. The next term will have
six sides.
PRACTICE
1. Determine the number 2. Determine the number 3. The line shown is a line of
PRACTICE of lines of symmetry. 5 of lines of symmetry. 4 symmetry. Draw the reflection.
1. Predict the next term. dodecagon 2. Describe the missing term. octagon

       3.

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Perimeter Area
The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the lengths of its sides. The following formulas can The area of a polygon is the Square s2 s: length of one side
be used to find the perimeters of rectangles and squares. number of nonoverlapping
square units that will exactly Rectangle
w
: length, w: width
Rectangle 2
+ 2w Square 4s cover its interior. Parallelogram bh b: base, h: height
Triangle 1 bh
_ b: base, h: height
Formulas for the areas of some 2
EXAMPLE 1 Find the perimeter of each figure. polygons are given at right.
Trapezoid b 1: top base, b 2: bottom base
_
2
( 1 2)
1h b + b
h: height
A B C
nʈ˜° £Óʈ˜°
{ʓ

Çʓ £Îʈ˜°
ÈÊvÌ
EXAMPLE 1 Find the area of each polygon.
P = 4s P = 2
+ 2w P = 8 + 12 + 13
=4×6 = (2 × 7) + (2 × 4) = 33 A A = s2 B xʈ˜°
A=_ ( 1 2)
1h b +b
= 24 = 14 + 8 = 33 in. = 52 2
{ʈ˜°
=_1 (4)(5 + 7)
= 24 ft = 22 = 25
2
= 22 m = 25 ft2 Çʈ˜° = 2 × 12
xÊvÌ
= 24
EXAMPLE 2 Estimate the perimeter of the figure. = 24 in2

Find the length of the nondiagonal lines. EXAMPLE 2 Estimate the area of the figure.
top: 4 units
left: 4 units
Count full squares: 21 red squares
bottom: 9 units
Count almost full squares: 8 blue squares
Estimate the length of the diagonal line.
right: ≈ 6 units Count squares that are about half full: 6 green squares ≈ 3 full squares
Do not count almost empty purple squares.
Add the lengths of all four sides:
P ≈ 4 + 4 + 4 + 9 + 6 ≈ 23 units Add: 21 + 8 + 3 ≈ 32

A ≈ 32 square units
PRACTICE
Find the perimeter of each figure.
PRACTICE
1. 60 ft 2. 18 in. 3. £äÊvÌ 27 ft Find the area of each polygon.
Îʈ˜° ÇÊvÌ
1. 36 ft2 2. 72 m2 3. 40 in2
ȓ
£äÊvÌ {ÊvÌ
£xÊvÌ
Èʈ˜° £Óʓ
ʙÊvÌ
Estimate the perimeter of each figure. £äʈ˜°

4. about 25 units 5. about 18 units

nʈ˜°
Estimate the area of each figure.
4. 5.

about 24 square units about 36 square units

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 Circles Classify Triangles and Quadrilaterals
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are a given distance A triangle can be classified
Classifying by Angles Classifying by Sides
from a given point, known as the center. The center names the according to its angle
circle. The circle shown at right is referred to as circle C. measurements or according Acute Three acute angles Scalene No sides congruent

to the number of congruent Right One right angle Isosceles At least 2 sides congruent
A diameter is a line segment that passes through the center and ˆ>“iÌiÀ
sides it has.
whose endpoints are points on the circle. Obtuse One obtuse angle Equilateral All sides congruent
,>`ˆÕÃ
A radius is a segment whose endpoints are the center of the circle EXAMPLE 1 Classify each triangle according to its angles and sides.
and a point on the circle. Any radius of a circle is half as long as any
diameter of that circle. A B £ÓÊV“
C
{ÊV“
Circumference is the distance around a circle. The ratio of circumference to diameter is the ™ÊV“
same for all circles and is denoted by the Greek letter π (pi), which is approximately 3.14.
obtuse scalene acute equilateral
acute isosceles
Circle Formulas
Quadrilaterals can also be classified according to their sides and angles.
Area: A = πr 2
Circumference: C = πd or C = 2πr
Parallelograms Other Quadrilaterals
EXAMPLE 1 Find the circumference of each circle. Use 3.14 for π. Parallelogram Trapezoid
2 pairs of parallel, exactly 1 pair of parallel sides
A C = πd B C = 2πr congruent sides Isosceles Trapezoid
≈ 3.14(15) ≈ 2(3.14)(5) Rectangle congruent, nonparallel legs
≈ 47.1 ft ≈ 31.4 m 4 right angles

Kite
£xÊvÌ xʓ
Rhombus 2 pairs of adjacent
4 congruent sides congruent sides

Square
EXAMPLE 2 Find the area of each circle. Use 3.14 for π. 4 right angles and
4 congruent sides
A A = πr 2 B A = πr 2
≈ 3.14(4) 2 ≈ 3.14(8) 2

{ÊvÌ ≈ 3.14(16) ≈ 3.14(64)
 EXAMPLE 2 Tell whether the following statement is always, sometimes, or never true:
≈ 50.24 ft 2 £Èʓ ≈ 200.96 m 2
A square is a rectangle.

always A rectangle must have four right angles, and a square always has four right angles.

PRACTICE PRACTICE
1. The radius of a circle is 13 inches. What is the diameter of the circle? Use 3.14 for π. 26 in. Classify each triangle according to its angles and sides.
2. The diameter of a circle is 22 feet. What is the radius of the circle? Use 3.14 for π. 11 ft 1. 2. 3. {ʈ˜°

Îx¨ Óʈ˜°
Find the circumference and area of each circle.
{ʈ˜°
3. 4. 5.
Îx¨ ££ä¨ right scalene
obtuse isosceles acute isosceles
£äʈ˜° Tell whether each statement is always, sometimes, or never true.
£ÓÊvÌ
Îʓ  4. A rectangle is a square. sometimes 5. A trapezoid is a parallelogram. never

Name the quadrilaterals that always meet the given conditions.
6. All sides are congruent. square, rhombus 7. Two pairs of sides are congruent.
C ≈ 18.84 m; A ≈ 28.26 m2 C ≈ 62.8 in.; A ≈ 314 in2 C ≈ 37.68 ft; A ≈ 113.04 ft2
parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square, kite

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Three-Dimensional Figures Draw Three-Dimensional Figures

Polyhedrons are three-dimensional figures made up of polygons >Vi Three-dimensional figures appear different from different perspectives.
which are called faces. The sides where faces intersect are edges.
Any point where three or more edges intersect is a vertex.
EXAMPLE 1 Side views are shown. Draw each figure as viewed from the bottom.

A B
`}i

6iÀÌiÝ
EXAMPLE 1 Tell how many faces, edges, and vertices the figure has. Pretend you are directly The base would be seen
below the figure. You from a bottom view.
 6 faces ABCD, ABFE, BFHD, DCGH, ACGE, FHGE
−− −− −− −− −− −− −−− −− −− −− −−− −− would see only a circle.

12 edges AB, BD, DC, AC, AE, BF, DH, CG, EF, FH, HG, EG


8 vertices A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
EXAMPLE 2 Draw the top, front, and side views of the figure.

 
Top Front Side


A prism has two faces called bases. The bases are congruent,
0RISM 0YRAMID From the top, you can
parallel polygons. The faces that are not bases are parallelograms.
see the faces of 3 cubes.
Pyramids have only one base, and the faces other than the
base are triangles. Both prisms and pyramids are named
From the front, you can From the side, you can
according to the polygon that forms the base or bases.
see the faces of 6 cubes see the faces of 3 cubes,
arranged in 3 stacks. one from each stack.
>Ãi
EXAMPLE 2 Name each figure.
PRACTICE 1–6. See p. A43.
A Two congruent bases B One base Side views are shown. Draw each figure as viewed from the top.
Bases are rectangles. Base is a pentagon.
rectangular prism pentagonal pyramid 1. 2. 3.

Some three-dimensional figures are not polyhedrons #YLINDER

because they are not made up of polygons. #ONE
À
Cones and cylinders have circles as bases. A cone has
Side views are shown. Draw each figure as viewed from the top and from the front.
one base, and a cylinder has two congruent bases.
…
4. 5. 6.

PRACTICE >Ãi
Name each figure. If the figure is a polyhedron, tell how hexagonal prism; faces: 8;
many faces, edges, and vertices the figure has. edges: 18; vertices: 12
1. 2. 3. 4.

trapezoidal prism; faces: 6; rectangular pyramid; faces:

edges: 12; vertices: 8 5; edges: 8; vertices: 5 cone

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 Volume Surface Area
The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the The surface area of a three-dimensional
Prism Bh B: area of base Prism 2B + Ph B: area of base
number of nonoverlapping cubic units that will figure is the sum of the areas of its
h: height of prism h: height
exactly fill its interior. The formulas for the volumes surfaces.
of some types of three-dimensional figures are Cube s3 s: length of one side Pyramid B: area of base
Formulas for the surface areas of some 1 P

B+_ P: perimeter of base
given in the table. Pyramid 1 B: area of base 2
_ three-dimensional figures are given in
3
Bh
: slant height
h: height of pyramid
Notice that a cube is listed in the table. A cube the table.
Cube 6s 2 s: length of one side
is a prism, so the formula for a prism can be Cylinder πr 2h r: radius
used; however, since all sides in a cube are h: height Cylinder 2πr 2 + 2πrh r: radius; h: height
congruent, the formula s 3 is more convenient. Cone r: radius Cone πr 2 + πr
r: radius;
: slant height
1 2
_ πr h
3 h: height

EXAMPLE 1 Find the surface area of each figure. Use 3.14 for π.
EXAMPLE 1 Find the volume of each figure. Use 3.14 for π.
1 Bh A B C
A V=_ B Óʓ V = πr 2h Çʈ˜°
3
≈ 3.14 × (2 2) × 5
=_1 ×9×4 ™ÊvÌ ÈÊvÌ
{ʈ˜° 3 ≈ 3.14 × 4 × 5
=3×4 xʓ ≈ 62.8 xʈ˜°
Îʈ˜° xʈ˜° {ʓ
Îʈ˜°
= 12 in 3 62.8 m 3 xÊvÌ
{ÊvÌ

S = 2B + Ph S=B+_ 1 P S = πr 2 + πr
EXAMPLE 2 Estimate the volume of the figure.
2
= 2 × 20 + 18 × 9 1 (20 × 7) ≈ 3.14 × 4 2 + (3.14 × 4 × 6)
xÊvÌ Find the volume of the rectangular prism (bottom part): = 25 + _
Bh = 21 × 4 = 84 = 40 + 162 2 ≈ 50.24 + 75.36
Pretend the top part is a rectangular prism with = 202 ft 2 = 25 + 70 ≈125.6 m 2
w = 3 ft,
= 5 ft, and h = 6 ft - 4 ft = 2 ft. = 95 in 2

{ÊvÌ ÈÊvÌ Bh = 15 × 2 = 30.

Add the volumes of the two prisms: EXAMPLE 2 The net of a prism is shown below. Estimate the surface area of the prism.
ÎÊvÌ 84 + 30 = 114 Count full squares: 16 red squares
ÇÊvÌ The volume is approximately 114 ft 3.
Count squares that are about half full: 4 blue squares ≈ 2 full squares
Add: 16 + 2 = 18

PRACTICE
Find or estimate the volume of each figure. Use 3.14 for π.
S ≈ 18 square units
1. 64 in3 2. Îʓ 94.2 m3 3.

{ʈ˜° PRACTICE
£äʓ Çʓ Find or estimate the surface of each figure. Use 3.14 for π.
{ʈ˜°
£äʓ
{ʈ˜° 1. ÎÊvÌ
207.24 ft2 2. 486 in2 3. 16 square units
nʓ

{ʓ nÊvÌ

™Ê“ ™Êˆ˜°

≈ 324 m3

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Pythagorean Theorem Transformations in the Coordinate Plane

In the right triangle shown, a and b are the lengths of the legs, and c is the A transformation is a change in the size or position of a figure. If the preimage, or
length of the hypotenuse. The Pythagorean Theorem states the following: original figure, is named ABC, then the transformed figure, or image, is named ABC.
If a triangle is a right triangle, then a 2 + b 2 = c 2. The converse of the theorem Transformations include translations (slides), reflections (flips), and rotations (turns),
is also true: For any triangle, if a 2 + b 2 = c 2, then the triangle is a right triangle. D

Ó
for which preimages and images are congruent.

B
Ó B D
C EXAMPLE 1

A Translate ABC 2 units B Reflect ABC across the C Rotate ABC 90° clockwise
C
Ó right and 1 unit up. y-axis. about point A.
EXAMPLE 1 Find the missing measure. Round to the nearest tenth Þ
Þ
Ī Þ
if necessary. {
{

Ý
£

A a +b =c
2 2 2
B £äʈ˜° a +b =c
2 2 2
Î { Ó Ó { Ī

32 + 42 = c2 a 2 + 10 2 = 12 2
Ó
Ī
Dʓ Ó Ó Î { Ý
Îʓ 9 + 16 = c 2 a 2 + 100 = 144
Ī Ī £
£Óʈ˜° Bʈ˜° Subtract
25 = c 2 a 2 = 44 £

Ī Ī
Ī
100 from
Ó
{ʓ 25 = 
√ c2 √
a 2 = √44 each side.
È

5m=c a ≈ 6.6 in. Round. £ Ó Î { Ý

Move each vertex 2 units The y-axis is a line of symmetry. A is the same as A. Maintain the
right and 1 unit up. same side lengths on the image.
EXAMPLE 2 Determine whether a a2 + b2 = c2
triangle with side lengths 8 2 + 14 2 20 2 The hypotenuse is always the
of 8 cm, 14 cm, and 20 cm EXAMPLE 2 Could ABCD be transformed into ABCD ? Explain. Þ
64 + 196 400 longest side. {

is a right triangle.
The figures are congruent, so a translation, rotation, or reflection is
260 400 ✗ The triangle is not a right triangle.
possible. Study the figures. If A B C D is translated 1 unit right, Ó
both figures would be symmetric about the x-axis. Ý
PRACTICE

ABCD can be transformed into ABCD by reflecting it Ó
Find the missing measure. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
Ī Ī { È
across the x-axis and translating it 1 unit left. Ó
1. £Óʓ 2. 3. A leg is 6 ft long 4. Both legs are
VÊvÌ Ī
Ī
{ÊvÌ and the hypotenuse 20 mm long. 28.3 mm {

5m Bʓ is 10 ft long. 8 ft
£Îʓ ÈÊvÌ PRACTICE
7.2 ft
1. Translate ABCD 2 units left and 4 units down.
5. Determine whether a triangle with side lengths of 16 ft, 30 ft, and 34 ft is a right triangle. yes Þ 

Ó

Ý
Midpoint Formula Ó Ó { È
Ó
D C
If a segment in the coordinate plane has endpoints (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2), the coordinates of A B
the midpoint are _____ 2 (
y +y
x 1 + x 2 _____
, 12 2 . ) 2. Graph triangle ABC with vertices A(1, -2), B(3, -2), and C(2, -4).
Rotate ABC 90° counterclockwise about A and reflect it across the x-axis.
EXAMPLE Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment with endpoints A(2, 1) and B(6, 5). 2. See p. A43.
Use the graph for Exercises 3 and 4.
( ) ( ) ( )
Þ
Let (x 1, y 1) = (2, 1). y + y2
x1 + x2 _ 2+6 1+5 8, _
6 = 4, 3 { Ī Ī
_ , 1 = _, _ = _ ( ) 3. Could ABCD be transformed into ABCD? Explain. No; they are not the
Let (x 2, y 2) = (6, 5). 2 2 2 2 2 2 same shape. Ī
Ī Ī Ī
4. Could FGHJKL be transformed into FGHJKL? Explain. Ī

Ī Ī ¼ Ý
Yes; translate 5 units up and 5 right.
PRACTICE
(_ )
{ ä £


−−
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of segment AB. 2. 4 1 , -5 
Ó

2
1. A(0, 5), B(-4, 3) (-2, 4) 2. A(6, -2), B(3, -8) 3. A(4, 9), B(-2, -3) (1, 3)  



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 Dilations in the Coordinate Plane Line Plots
A dilation is a transformation that changes the size, but not the shape, of a figure. How often a data value occurs in a data set is called its frequency. A line plot is a graph
A scale factor, k, describes how much a figure is enlarged or reduced. made up of a number line and columns of X’s (or other markers) to show frequency. Line
plots make it easy to identify gaps and clusters in a data set. A gap is a large empty space in
Every dilation has a fixed point, C, that is the center of dilation.
a graph. A cluster is an isolated group of data values bunched together.
If a dilation with center C and scale factor k is applied to Ž­
*®
the preimage, point P(x, y), then the image will be point (kx, ky). * *Ī
EXAMPLE Twenty people went on a tour. Their Age Frequency Age Frequency
ˆ“>}i ages are shown in the frequency table.
If k is the scale factor and C is the center of the dilation: «Àiˆ“>}i
Vi˜ÌiÀʜv Create a line plot. Identify any gaps 15 2 21 0
• when k > 1, the dilation is an enlargement. `ˆ>̈œ˜ and clusters. 16 0 22 3
• when 0 < k < 1, the dilation is a reduction.
17 1 23 4
• when k is positive, k(x, y) = (kx, ky) and (kx, ky) lies on CP
. Draw a number line that includes the minimum and
18 1 24 5
• when k is negative, k(x, y) = (kx, ky) and (kx, ky) lies on the ray opposite CP
. maximum data values. Use an X to represent each person.
Draw each X the same size.Title the axis and the graph. 19 1 25 1
20 0 26 2
EXAMPLES
−− *iœ«iʜ˜Ê̅iÊ/œÕÀ
A Sketch the dilation image of AB with center C and scale factor __13 .
k is between 0 and 1, so it is a reduction.


−−− 1 −−

Ī Draw A so that the length of CA is _ the length of CA, and draw B 
3 There is a gap between 19 and 22.
−−− 1 −− £{ £È £n Óä ÓÓ Ó{ ÓÈ

so that the length of CB is _ the length of CB.
}i There is a cluster from 22 through 26.
3
Ī

PRACTICE
B The preimage is blue. The image is shown in red. What scale factor, with center C, Create a line plot for each data set. Identify any gaps and clusters. 1, 2. See p. A43.
was used?
1.
Þ

Count the blocks from C to a point on the image and then from High Temperatures for Two Weeks
C to a point on the preimage that is on the same ray. Find the ratio.
£È Temperature Frequency Temperature Frequency
{
n 8 = 2.
The scale factor was _
55 2 60 0
£Ó
4 56 0 61 2
n
57 0 62 4
{ 58 0 63 3
59 2 64 1
Ó { È n Ý
2. scores on a math test: 75, 81, 82, 84, 92, 76, 77, 77, 81, 75, 95, 83, 84, 90, 84, 76, 76

PRACTICE Use the line plot for Exercises 3–6.

1. Sketch the dilation image of MNO with 2. The preimage is blue. The image is red.
center C and scale factor 4. What scale factor, with center C, was used? 1 _ -˜i>ŽiÀÃʈ˜Ê>Ê-̜Ài

M Þ 2
£È
{ä {x xä xx Èä Èx Çä

£Ó
œÃÌÊ­f®

N "
n 3. What are the minimum and maximum prices? $41; $70
{
4. What is the most common price? $62
5. Where is the largest cluster? from $60 through $64
0 Ó { È n Ý
6. Where is the largest gap? between $43 and $49

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Measures of Central Tendency Sampling

Measures of central tendency are values that represent the center of a data set and can be A population is a group that someone is gathering information about.
considered typical of the set. These measures are the mean, median, and mode. A sample is part of a population. For example, if 5 students are chosen to represent a class
of 20 students, the 5 chosen students are a sample of the population of 20 students.
It is… Find by…
The sample is a random sample if every member of the population had an equal chance of
Mean The average. Adding the data values and dividing by the number of values. being chosen.
Median The “middle value.” First ordering the data values from least to greatest.
If there are an odd number of values, the median is the middle number. EXAMPLE Explain whether each sample is random.
If there are an even number of values, the median is the mean of the
two middle values. A Carlos wrote the name of each student B Jamal telephoned people on a list of
Mode The value or values that Choosing the value or values that occur more often than any other. in his class on a slip of paper and put the 100 names in the order in which they
occur most often. If every papers into a hat. Then, without looking appeared. He surveyed the first 20
value occurs the same at the slips, he drew the names of the people who answered their phone.
number of times, the data students who would complete his survey. Names at the beginning of the list have
set has no mode. Each name is in the hat once, so each has a greater chance of being selected than
an equal chance of being selected. The those at the end of the list, so the sample
sample is random. is not random.
EXAMPLES Find the mean, median, and mode of each data set.

A 18, 22, 13, 16, 15, 18, 10 B These are the number of people who attended a PRACTICE
seminar each of four days: 102, 96, 88, 109. No; people not sitting in an aisle seat
Explain whether each sample is random.
mean: have no chance of being chosen.
102 + 96 + 88 + 109 395 1. Rebecca surveyed every person in a theater who was sitting in a seat along the aisle.
mean: __ = _ = 98.75
18 + 22 + 13 + 16 + 15 + 18 + 10 _
____ = 112 = 16 4 4
2. Inez assigned 50 people a number from 1 to 50. Then she used a calculator to generate
7 7 The mean is 98.75. 10 random numbers from 1 to 50 and surveyed those with matching numbers.
The mean is 16. median:
median: Yes; every person had a number that the calculator could have selected.
Order the data values from least to greatest.
Order the data values from least to greatest. There are an even number of values. Find the
There are an odd number of values. Choose the mean of the two middle numbers.
Bias
middle number.
88, 96, 102, 109 Bias is error that favors part of a population and/or does not accurately represent the
10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 18, 22
population. Bias can occur from using sampling methods that are not random or from
96 + 102 _
The median is 16.
_ = 198 = 99 asking confusing or leading questions.
2 2
mode: The median is 99.
Every value occurs once except 18, which mode: EXAMPLE Explain why each survey is biased.
occurs twice. Every value occurs once.
The mode is 18. A Jenn went to a movie theater and asked B A student asked, “A new cafeteria would
There is no mode. people who exited if they agree that the mean that loud construction would
theater should be torn down to build take place for several weeks. Also, the
office space. hallways would become even more
PRACTICE People usually only go to movies if they congested in that area. Do you want a
Find the mean, median, and mode of each data set. enjoy them, so those exiting a movie new cafeteria?”
1. mean: 84°; median: 84°; theater would not want it torn down. The question only mentions the bad
High Temperatures (°F)
People who do not use the theater did things that could come from a new
mode: 85°
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat not have a chance to answer. cafeteria, not the good ones, such as
better food or more seats.
85 81 83 85 86 82 84

2. These are the ages of the students in an after-school club:

14, 15, 14, 16, 15, 17, 14, 15. mean: 15; median: 15; modes: 14 and 15 PRACTICE 1, 2. See p. A43.
Explain why each survey is biased.
3. Jenny took a survey of her classmates to find out how much they each paid for their
notebooks. Here are their responses: 85¢, 55¢, 80¢, 85¢, 75¢, 95¢, 85¢, 75¢, 67¢. 1. A surveyor asked, “Is it not true that you do not oppose the candidate’s views?”
mean: 78¢; median: 80¢; mode: 85¢ 2. Brendan asked everyone on his track team how they thought the money from the athletic department
fund-raiser should be spent.

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 Standard Deviation and the Normal Curve Cubic Functions
The standard deviation of a data set is a number that describes how spread out the data A cubic function contains a variable that is raised to the third power.
ÞÊÊÝÎ
values are from the mean. Suppose two tests are given and both have the same mean The parent function is y = x 3. Its graph is shown at right. Cubic equations
score, but the standard deviations are 2.5 and 6.8. The scores on the test with the standard such as x 3 - 2 = 0 can be solved by graphing the related function
deviation of 6.8 are more spread out than the scores on the test with the standard deviation (y = x 3 - 2). Then the solution is the x-value where y = 0.
of 2.5.

EXAMPLE 1 Find the standard deviation of the following data set: 6, 5, 6, 7, 2, 4. Round to the EXAMPLE Graph the function y = 2x 3. Use the graph to solve the
nearest hundredth. equation 2x 3 = 0.
Step 1 Find the mean. (6 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 2 + 4) ÷ 6 = 5 Create a table of ordered Þ
x y = 2x 3 (x, y) £È
Step 2 Square the difference between each data value and the mean. Use a table to organize the pairs. Then plot each
information. point and connect them -2 2(-2)3 = 2(-8) = -16 (-2, -16) n
with a smooth curve. -1 2(-1)3 = 2(-1) = -2 (-1, -2) Ý
Data Value 6 5 6 7 2 4 To solve 2x 3 = 0, find
the value of x when y = 0.
0 2(0)3 = 2(0) = 0 (0, 0) n { { n
Data Value – Mean 6-5=1 5-5=0 6-5=1 7-5=2 2 - 5 = -3 4 - 5 = -1 n
The solution is x = 0. 1 2(1)3 = 2(1) = 2 (1, 2)
(Data Value – Mean)2 12 = 1 02 = 0 12 = 1 22 = 4 (-3)2 = 9 (-1)2 = 1
2 2(2)3 = 2(8) = 16 (2, 16)
1 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 1 16 −
Step 3 Find the mean of the squares of the differences. __ = _ = 2.6
6 6
−
Step 4 Take the square root of the quotient. √2. 6 ≈ 1.63 PRACTICE 1–4. See p. A43.
The standard deviation is approximately 1.63.
Graph each cubic function.
Some data sets are normally distributed, which means the 1 x3
graph of the distribution is a bell-shaped curve with the mean 1. y = x 3 - 2 2. y = _ 3. y = x 3 + 1 4. y = -x 3
Èn¯ 2
at the center. In a normal distribution: 5. Use a graphing calculator to estimate the solution of 0 = x 3 + 4x - 8 to the nearest tenth. 1.4
• 68% of data fall within one standard deviation of the mean. ™x¯
• 95% of data fall within two standard deviations of the mean. ™™°Ç¯

• 99.7% of data fall within three standard deviations of the mean. i>˜
ÎÊÃ`
i>˜
ÓÊÃ`
i>˜
£ÊÃ`
i>˜ i>˜
£ÊÃ`
i>˜
ÓÊÃ`
i>˜
ÎÊÃ`
Step Functions
A step function is a function whose graph looks like a series of steps. The graph of a step
EXAMPLE 2 The heights of 1000 men are normally distributed, function is made up of unconnected line segments.
with a mean of 70 inches and a standard deviation
of 3 inches. Between what heights do the middle 95%
of the men fall? EXAMPLE At a garage, parking costs $5.50 for each hour or fraction of an hour.
After 4 hours it costs $25.00 to park for any amount of time up to 8 hours.
Sketch a normal curve with 70 at the center.
Graph this step function.
Label the standard deviations above and below
the mean by repeatedly adding or subtracting 3. Create a table. Use x-values to
x y *>ÀŽˆ˜}Ê
œÃÌÃ
Because 95% of the data fall within two standard represent time and y-values to
deviations, the heights of the middle 95% of the represent the costs for those times. 0<x≤1 $5.50
Óx
men fall between 64 inches and 76 inches. È£» È{» ÈÇ» Çä» Çλ ÇÈ» Ǚ» On the graph, an open circle 1<x≤2 $11.00 Óä

œÃÌÊ­f®
indicates a value that is not
2<x≤3 $16.50 £x
included, and a closed circle
£ä
indicates a value that is included. 3<x≤4 $22.00
PRACTICE x
4<x≤8 $25.00
Find the standard deviation of each data set. ä £ Ó Î { È Ç n
1. 12, 15, 20, 16, 32, 25 ≈6.76 2. 10, 15, 9, 5, 8, 6, 10 ≈3.02 /ˆ“iÊ­…®

3. A collection of test scores are normally distributed, with a mean of 80 and a standard PRACTICE
deviation of 5. In what range do the middle 68% of the test scores lie? 75 to 85 1. A bookseller gives discounts for book purchases made online and the amount of the
4. The scores on a certain test are normally distributed, and 99.7% of the test takers discount is based on the cost of the book. A $2 discount is applied to books costing at
scored between 92 and 128. The standard deviation is 6. What is the mean score? 110 least $20 but less than $50. A $5 discount is applied to books costing at least $50 but
less than $100, and a $10 discount is applied to books costing at least $100. No book
costs more than $150. Graph this step function. 1. See p. A43.

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Conditional Statements Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

If-then statements are called conditional statements. The phrase that follows if is called the Inductive reasoning involves examining a set of data to determine a pattern and then
hypothesis, and the phrase that follows then is called the conclusion. making a conjecture about the data. Sometimes inductive reasoning can lead to different
If the hypothesis is true, the conclusion is also true. conclusions. In contrast, deductive reasoning uses logical reasoning based on given
If the conclusion is true, the hypothesis may or may not be true. statements that are assumed to be true.

EXAMPLE EXAMPLE 1 Use inductive reasoning to predict the value of the 100th term in the sequence 1, 5,
9, 13, 17, … .
A Identify the hypothesis and conclusion: If it is raining, then Jim will go to the movies.
Examine the numbers and look for a pattern.
Hypothesis: It is raining today. Conclusion: Jim will go to the movies.
B If it is raining, then Jim will go to the movies. It is raining. What can you conclude? Explain. Term 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Jim will go to the movies. The hypothesis is true, so the conclusion is also true. Value 1 5 9 13 17
C If it is raining, then Jim will go to the movies. Jim goes to the movies. What can you conclude? Explain. Pattern 1 + (0)(4) 1 + (1)(4) 1 + (2)(4) 1 + (3)(4) 1 + (4)(4)
Nothing can be concluded. Jim may have gone to the movies for reasons other than rain.
Each term is 4 more than the previous term. The rule 1 + (n - 1)(4) can be used to find any term n.
So a reasonable prediction for the value of the 100th term is 1 + (99)(4) = 397.
1. Hypothesis: It is Thursday. Conclusion: Paulo has soccer practice.
PRACTICE
1. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion: If it is Thursday, then Paulo has soccer practice. EXAMPLE 2 Use deductive reasoning to make a conclusion based on the given statements.

2. If it is Thursday, then Paulo has soccer practice. Paulo has soccer practice today. Given: If it is raining, the grass is wet. Hypothesis: It is raining.Conclusion:
What can you conclude? Explain. Given: It is raining. The grass is wet.
If the hypothesis is true, the conclusion
3. Identify the hypothesis and conclusion: All dogs have four legs. (Hint: Write in if-then Conclusion: The grass is wet.
is always true.
form first.) Hypothesis: An animal is a dog. Conclusion: It has four legs.
4. All dogs have four legs. Barry is a dog. What can you conclude? Explain.
Barry has four legs. The hypothesis is true, so the conclusion is also true. PRACTICE
Use inductive reasoning to predict the value of the given term in each sequence.
2. Nothing; Paulo may have practice on days other than Thursdays as well.
1. 100th term: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … 200 2. 50th term: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ... 250
Counterexamples
3. 28th term: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, ... 81 4. 77th term: 12, 8, 4, 0, -4, ... -292
Conjectures are guesses and could be either true or false. If a conjecture is true, then it is
always true. Therefore, just one example is enough to prove a conjecture false. An example Use deductive reasoning to make a conclusion based on the given statements.
that proves a conjecture false is called a counterexample. 5. Given: Darla bowls in a bowling league every Tuesday.
Given: Today is Tuesday. Darla bowls today.
EXAMPLE Find a counterexample for each conjecture. 6. Given: A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides is a parallelogram.
Given: A rectangle is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. A rectangle is a parallelogram.
A If the clock reads 5:55, then it is early in B If xy is a positive number, then x and
the morning. y are both positive. Determine if the reasoning used was inductive or deductive. Explain.
Counterexample: It could be 5:55 P.M. Counterexample: (-2)(-3) = 6 7. Sandra visited San Diego four times. Each time it was raining. Sandra concludes, “San
Diego is a very rainy city.” Inductive; Sandra’s conclusion is based on several observations.
8. Charlie’s mother told him that if he wants to go out Friday night, then he has to clean his
PRACTICE room. Charlie wants to go out Friday night. He concluded that he has to clean his room.
Find a counterexample for each conjecture.
9. Looking at the series 3, 9, 27, 81, ..., Trina concludes that the next number is 243
1. If an integer is divisible by 2, then it is also divisible by 4. Possible answer: 6 is not divisible by 4. because each term is three times the previous term. Inductive; Trina based her conclusion on a
2. If the DVD recorder did not record the program, then the recorder is broken. pattern.
Possible answer: The program did not record because the power went out. 8. Deductive; the hypothesis is, “Charlie wants to go out Friday night”. It is true, so the conclusion
that he has to clean his room is true.

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Selected Answers
Set Theory Selected Answers
A set is a collection of objects. Each object is called an element of the set. A set can have no elements, a
finite number of elements, or an infinite number of elements. A set that contains no elements is called the

Chapter 1 1-3 81. c divided by d; the quotient of c
null or empty set. The null set is symbolized by  or  . and d 83. _52_ 85. 280
 Check It Out! 1a. -7 1b. 44
1c. -42 2a. __
1
2b. 2c. - __14 - _12_
Set A is a subset of set B (A ⊂ B), if each element of A is also in B. 1-1 12 1-5
3a. 0 3b. undefined 3c. 0 4. 7.875 mi
The intersection of sets A and B (A " B), is the set of all elements that are in both A and B. Check It Out! 1a. 4 decreased by Check It Out! 1a. 2 1b. -5
n; n less than 4 1b. the quotient of Exercises 3. -121 5. 7 7. -2 2. about 6.2 3a. rational number,
The union of A and B (A # B), is the set of all elements that are in A or B. t and 5; t divided by 5 1c. the sum 9. undefined 11. 0 13. about repeating decimal 3b. rational
of 9 and q; q added to 9 1d. the $210,000,000 15. -32 17. - __35 number, terminating decimal,
product of 3 and h; 3 times h 19. 3 21. 0 23. 0 25. -15°F integer 3c. irrational number
EXAMPLE Tell whether A ⊂ B. Then find A  B and A  B. 2a. 65t 2b. m + 5 2c. 32d 3a. 6 27. -4 29. -62 31. 18.75
    3b. 7 3c. 3 4. a. 63s, b. 756 bottles; 33. 1 35. -12 37. 6 39. negative Exercises 1. any negative
A =  2, 7, 8, 10 ; B =  2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13  integer 3. 15 5. 13 7. rational
    1575 bottles; 3150 bottles 41. negative 43. positive
A$B 10 is an element of A but not an element of B. 45. undefined 47. 1 49. __21 number, terminating decimal,
  Exercises 1. variable 3. the integer 9. irrational number
A " B =  2, 7, 8  2, 7, and 8 are in both sets. 51. - __15 53. __98 55. 15 h per
   quotient of f and 3; f divided 11. 11 13. -10 15. 14.9 yd
A # B =  2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13  Elements belonging to both sets are listed only once. semester 57. < 59. < 61. =
  by 3 5. 9 decreased by y; y less 17. rational number, terminating
63a. positive b. negative c. The
than 9 7. the sum of t and 12; t decimal, integer, whole number,
product of two negative numbers
increased by 12 9. x decreased by
is positive. The product of that natural number 19. irr. 21. >
PRACTICE 3; the difference of x and 3
positive number and a negative 23. = 25. 6 in. 27. 45; rational
Tell whether A ⊂ B, B ⊂ A, or neither. Then find A  B and A  B. 1. neither; A  B =  red ; 11. w + 4 13. 12 15. 6 17. the
number is negative. d. no 65. 75 __ 1
( ) number, terminating decimal,
       
( )
product of 5 and p; 5 groups 15
67. -121 __ 1 integer, whole number, natural
1. A =  red, blue, yellow ; B =  green, red  A  B =  red, blue, yellow, green  11
69. sometimes
          of p 19. the sum of 3 and x; 3
73. B 75. 16 quarter notes 77. 49 __
25 number 29. 34.625; rational
2. A =  2, 14, 15, 20 ; B =  2, 20  B ⊂ A; A  B =  2, 20  ; A  B =  2, 14, 15, 20  increased by x 21. negative 3 number, terminating decimal
    79. 5 81. 1 83. - __ 27
64
85. Multiply by
times s; the product of negative 3 31. always 33. always
-2; -16, 32, -64. 87. The numbers
and s 23. 14 decreased by t; the 35. whole numbers 37. positive
are alternating positive and
difference of 14 and t 25. t + 20 rational numbers 39. positive
Field Properties 27. 1 29. 2 31a. h - 40, b. 0; 4; 8;
negative multiples of 5; 30,
rational numbers 41. irrational
-35, 40. 89. $85 91. hexagon
12 33. 2x 35. y + 10 37. 9w; 9 in 2; numbers 43a. c 2 = 169; c = 13
The table shows properties of addition and multiplication where a, b, and c are real numbers. 93. triangle 95. -6 97. 8
72 in 2; 81 in 2; 99 in 2 39. 13; 14; 15; b. 130 ft 45. A 47. B 49. 0.5 51. 1.5
A property is said to hold for a set of numbers if it is true for each element of the set. 16 41. 6; 10; 13; 15 43a. 47.84 + m; 53. no 55. 168 in 3 57. _12_ 59. -81
1-4
b. 58.53 - s 45. x + 7; 19; 21 61. 196
47. x + 3; 15; 17 49. F 51. 36 Check It Out! 1a. 2 2 1b. x 3
EXAMPLE 1 Name the property shown by
Addition Multiplication 53. 1 55. 45° 57. 90° 59. _21_ 61. 1 2a. -125 2b. -36 2c. __27
3a. 8 2 1-6
25 + (-25) = 0. 64
Commutative a+b=b+a ab = ba 63. Multiply the previous term by 3; 3b. (-3)3 4. 2 8 = 256
Check It Out! 1a. 48 1b. 2.6
Inverse Property of Addition 729, 2187, 6561.
(a + b) + c = Exercises 1. the number of times 1c. 2 2a. 15 2b. 3 3a. 1 3b. -3
Associative (ab)c = a(bc) to use the base as a factor 3. 2 3 3c. 21 4. 6.2(9.4 + 8) 5. 400
a + (b + c) 1-2
EXAMPLE 2 Does the Closure Property 5. 49 7. -32 9. 9 2 11. (-4)3
1 Check It Out! 1a. 4 1b. -10 13. 3 4 15. 3 5 = 243 17. 3 3 19. 27
Exercises 3. 15 5. -9
hold for the set of negative Inverse a + (-a) = 0 a×_
a = 1, a ≠ 0 7. 14 9. 1 11. 14 13. 92 15. 1.5
integers under multiplication? 1c. 1.5 2a. -12 2b. -35.8 21. -16 23. 7 2 25. (-2) 3 27. 4 3
Identity a+0=a a×1=a 2c. -16 3a. -8 3b. 4 3c. -2 17. -3 19. -22 21. 12(-2 + 6)
Justify your answer. 29. 2 4 = 16 31. < 33. = 35. =
23. 188.4 ft2 25. 19 27. -15 29. 3
a + b is a real 4. 13,018 ft 37. > 39. 8 41. -64 43. -1 45. __ 1
27 31. -5 33. 24 35. 17 37. -9
No; (-2)(-3) = 6, and since 6 is not an element Closure
number.
ab is a real number. 47a. 36 in 2 b. 9 in 2 c. 27 in 2 49. 6 2
Exercises 1. opposite 3. -8.5 39. 17 41. -7 43. 0 45. __14 47. 1
51. (-1) 53. __19 ( )
4 3
of the set of negative integers, the property does 55. between
Distributive a(b + c) = ab + ac 5. 9 __14 7. 1 9. -13 11. -1 _35_ 49. 6 51. 3 - __52 53. 8 - 3 · 5
not hold. 8000 cm 3 and 15,625 cm 3 57. 2
13. 4 15. -11 _34_ 17. -30 19. 14 55a. 55 b. 498 c. 250 d. 10 e. 30
21. - _12_ 23. 23°F 25. 0.75 59. 4 61. 2 63. 4 65a. 100, 1000, √
f. 70 57. 29 + (-x) 59. ____
7
3 · 10
27. -12 _52_ 29. -12 31. 37 33. 0 10,000 b. The exponent is the
PRACTICE 63. 3 · 5 - 6 · 2 = 3 69. H 71. -3
35. __ 1
37. > 39. > 41. < same as the number of zeros in
10 73. 6 77. 20 79. acute 81. 100
Name the property shown. 2. Ident. Prop. of Mult. 43. 11,331 ft 45. always 47. A the number. 67. C 69. B 71. 64
83. -11 85. 8 87. __76
1. 7 + 4 = 4 + 7 2. 23 × 1 = 23 3. 2(4 + 7) = 8 + 14 4. (9 × 3)2 = 9(3 × 2) 51. F 53. -9 55. 2 57. Subtract 4; 73. 65,536 75a. 4 · 4; 4 · 4 · 4
1. Comm. Prop. of Add. Dist. Prop. Assoc. Prop. of Mult. -2, -6, -10. 59. 12,660.5 ft b. 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 = 4 5 c. 2 + 3 = 5; 1-7
Tell whether the Closure Property holds for each set under the given operation. Justify your answer. 61. 44 in2 63. 13 cm 65. 12 67. 4 the sum of the exponents in 4 2 and
4 3 is the exponent in the product 4 5. Check It Out! 1a. 21 1b. 560
5. whole numbers; multiplication
77. 5 79. 5 minus x; x less than 5 1c. 28 2a. 9(50) + 9(2) = 468
  2b. 12(100) - 12(2) = 1176
6.  1, 2, 3 ; addition 5, 6. See p. A43.
 
S78 Skills Bank Selected Answers S79

a107se_BM_S0050-S0078_2R.indd S78 12/29/05 8:52:49

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
AM S1 5/25/06 7:37:11 PM

2c. 7(30) + 7(4) = 238 3a. 100p c.

f c
78–81. 85. 9 87. 2 89. -20 91. -132 (
35. C 37. D 39. a = _52_ c + _34_ b ) 45. 0.06; __
3
50
47. 0.006; ___
3
500
49. 0.5 is
3b. -28.5t 3c. 3m 2 + m 3 93. Multiply both sides by a. 95. 12
( ) v -u greater than _12_% because _12_% = 0.005.
2 2

y 41. d = 500 t - __21 43. s = ______
2a
4a. 6x - 15 4b. 3a - 16x 1 2.90 C 97. 25 99. 6 years old 101. 6 103. 16 51. 0.001, 1%, __ 1
, 11%, 1.1 53. 0.49,
B 45. 120 s 47. 12 49. -6 51. 20 53. 12 10
2 5.80 A __
5 _4_
, , 82%, 0.94 55a. 40%
Exercises 1. Associative Property of x 2-3 9 5
3 8.70 2-6 b. action c. 3% d. 36.9%
Addition 3. 24 5. 56 7. 118,000 9. 304     
4 11.60 Check It Out! 1a. 1 1b. 6 1c. 0 57. box 1: 200; 100; 50
11. 456 13. 763 15. 20x 17. -9r  D Check It Out! 1. 12 2. $7.50/h
5 14.50 2a. __
55
2b. _12_ 2c. 15 3a. - _56_ 3b. 5 box 2: 12; 24; 148; 96
19. 7.9x 21. 9a - 31 23. 7x - 3x 2  4 3. 20.5 ft/s 4a. -20 4b. 5.75
6 17.40 3c. 8 4. $60 5. -42 box 3: 25; 50; 100; 200
25. 2a + 2 39. -3x - 14 5. 6 in.
7 20.30 59a. __ x
= ___
40
; $36 b. $54 61. F
43. 13y - 10 45a. Amy: 98:21; 82. I 83. IV 84. I 85. II 86. III Exercises 1. 2 3. -18 5. 2 7. 66 90 100
8 23.20 Exercises 1. The ratios are 63. G 65. 17.2% 67. 88.5 71. 120
Julie: 81:12; Mardi: 83:39; Sabine: 87. IV 88. y = p + __
1
p; $2.10; $15.75; 9. __54 11. -12 13. 16 15. -3.2 17. 4
d. 7 yards 39. y = __12 x + (-3); 20 equivalent. 3. 682 trillion 5. 18,749
( )
63:47 b. Sabine, Julie, Mardi, Amy 73. 160 75. 6 in. 77. 3
$31.50; $42.00 89. (-4, 4), -1, __14 , 19. 15 passes 21. 4 23. -4 25. 4
(-4,-5), (-2, -4), (0, -3), (2, -2), lb/cow 7. 0.075 page/min
47. Commutative Property of
Addition 49. Distributive Property (4, -1); line 41a. y = 50 + 1.5x
( )
(0, 0), 1, __14 , (4, 4); U shape 27. 5 29. -9 31. _14_ 33. 1 35. 3
9. 18 mi/gal 11. __53 13. 39 15. 6.5 2-9
37. __ 28
5
39. 3 41. 8 43. 7 45. - __12
b. (100, 200); (150, 275); (200, 350); 17. 23 19. __35 = ___
h
51. Distributive Property 53. 6p + 9 47. x = 40 49. x = 35 4.9
; 2.94 m 21. 72 Check It Out! 1. $462.80 2a. $270
57a. equal b. 96π c. 2(16π) + 96π (250, 425); (300, 500) 43. line Chapter 2 51. 8 - 3n = 2; n = 2 23. $403.90/oz 25. 2498.4 km/h 2b. $7650 3a. about $3.30
= 128π 59. J 61. 12x + 116 45. line 51. G 53. H 57. (-4, 4) 53a. 1963 - 5s = 1863; s = 20 53b. 3 27. 10 29. -1 31. 13 33. 1.2 35. __19 3b. about $5.60
63. -3b - 7 65a. Commutative 59. The points make a horizontal 55. 8 57. 4.5 59. -10 61. 10 37. 45 39. $84 43. 1.625 45. 3
line at y = 6. 61. (-4, 5); 42 square 2-1 Exercises 3. $41,775 5. 4 _12_ yr
Property of Addition b. Associative 63. 5k - 70 = 60; 26 in. 65. Stan: 36; 47. - __27 49. __
11
3
51. 3 53. 24
7. about $6.45 9. $462.50
Property of Addition c. Distributive units 63. cylinder 65. pentagon Check It Out! 1a. 8.8 1b. 0 1c. 25 Mark: 37; Wayne: 38 67a. 45,000; 55. -120 59. A 61. D 63. 40°; 50°
11. $266.75 13. 5 yr 15. about $30
Property d. Rule for subtraction 67. irrational 69. rational, 2a. _12_ 2b. -10 2c. 8 3a. 9.3 3b. 2 112,500; 225,000; 337,500; 225n 65. 0.0006722 people/m2 67. -27
17. $50,400 19. 2 yr 21. $2.89 25. A
67. 36 ft 2 69. 64 terminating decimal, integer 3c. 44 4. 35 years old 67b. c = 225n 71. H 73. 27 75. 6 __15 69. - __
32
1
71. 10 2 73. -5 75. 8
27. D 29. 900 31. $47.17 33. $93
71. x 2 + 3x 77. 14.5 79. -6 81. irrational 77. V = ____nRT
1-8 Exercises 3. 21 5. 16.3 7. __12 9. 0 P 35. x - 2 37. > 39. > 41. 24
83. repeating decimal, rational
Study Guide: Review 11. 2.3 13. 1.2 15. 32 17. 3.7 19. __ 17
2-7 43. 22.2%
Check It Out! 6 85. 8(60) + 8(1) = 488 87. 11(20)
21. 9 23. 17 25. _47_ 27. 10.5 29. 9
1a. y 1. constant 2. whole numbers + 11(8) = 308 89. 13 91. -18 Check It Out! 1. 2.8 in. 2-10
T  31. 0 33. -17 35. -3100 37. -0.5
1b. 3. coefficient 4. origin 5. 1.99g
39. 0.05 41. 15 43. 1545 45. 30 2a. ___
150 ___
45 ___
5.5 ___
3.5
x = 195 ; 650 cm 2b. x = 28 ;
1c.  S 6. t + 3 7. 5 8. 5 9. 6 10. 150 ÷ m; 2-4 Check It Out! 1a. 45% decrease
47. _13_ 49. a + 500 = 4732; $4232 44 ft 3. The ratio of the perimeters
x 1b. 20% increase 1c. 43.75% increase
30; 25; 15 11. -14 12. -4.6 Check It Out! 1a. -2 1b. 2 is equal to the ratio of the
     51. x - 10 = 12; x = 22 53. x + 8 = 2a. 90 2b. 6 3a. $88 3b. 20%
13. 4 _12_ 14. -1 15. -24 16. 14.3 17. 5 2a. 4 2b. -2 3a. no solution corresponding sides.

R 16; x = 8 55. 5 + x = 6; x = 1 4a. $15.30 4b. 130%
18. 2231 ft 19. 90 20. 0 21. -15.2 3b. all real numbers 4. 10 years old
 57. x - 4 = 9; x = 13 59. m + 560 = Exercises 3. 10 ft 7. 7 in. 11. 480 ft2
22. -8 23. 0 24. undefined 25. 9 Exercises 3. 20% decrease
1680; $1120 61. 63 + x = 90; Exercises 1. contradiction 3. 1 13. 4 15. 2.8 ft 17. 4 cm
2a. none 2b. I 2c. III 2d. II 26. - __32 27. __
15
28. 3,650,000 steps 5. 12.5% increase 7. 20% decrease
7 x = 27 63. x + 15 = 90; x = 75 5. 40 7. - _32_ 9. 3 11. no solution 21. ___
1.5 ___
4.5
x = 36 ; 12 m 23. k 25. G
2
3. y = 10 + 20x; (1, 30), (2, 50), 29. 64 30. -27 31. 81 32. -25 9. 61.8 11. 8 13. 70% 15. 90%
65. h - 47 = 28; 75 69. J 71. - __ 12
27. w = 4; x = 7.5; y = 8
(3, 70), (4, 90) 4a. (-4, -6), 33. __8
34. __
16
35. 2 4 36. (-10)3 5 13. all real numbers 15. 6 17. 6 17. 25% decrease 19. 400% increase
27 25 73. - __ 13
75. 10 77. 90 79. 9 81. 72 19. 2.85 21. 10 23. 6 25. 14 27. _34_ 29. 16.6 cm 31. -12 33. -46
(-2, -5), (0, -4), (2, -3), (4, -2); 37. (-8)2 38. 12 1 39. 729 in3 40. 6 12
21. 30% increase 23. 15% decrease
83. 6 ft 85. -80 87. -3 29. -4 31. no solution 33a. 15 weeks 35. (-2, 4); (-1, 1); (0, 0); (1, 1);
line 4b. (-3, 30), (-1, 6), (0, 3), 41. 14 42. -7 43. -12 44. __56 45. __ 1
25. 20% increase 27. 8 _13_% decrease
13
33b. 180 lb 35. x - 30 = 14 - 3x; (2, 4) 37. (-2, -7); (-1, -4); (0, -1);
(1, 6), (3, 30); U shape 4c. (0, 2), 46. rational number, terminating 2-2 (1, 2); (2, 5) 39. 32 41. 3.5
29. 252 31. 7.6 33. 15% 35. 650%
x = 11 37. -4 39. 7 41. -3 43. 2
(1, 1), (2, 0), (3, 1), (4, 2); V shape decimal, integer, whole number,
Check It Out! 1a. 50 1b. -39
37. 50% 41. 18 43. 200% increase
natural number 47. rational 45. 1 47. - __75 49. 4 51. no solution 45. 20 47. 60 49. 25% decrease
Exercises 7. none 9. none 11. I 1c. 56 2a. 4 2b. -20 2c. 5 3a. - __54 53. 9 59. F 61. H 63. 2 65. no
2-8
number, terminating decimal, 51a. 60% b. ___60
= __
18
x ; x = $30
13. (-2, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), integer, whole number 48. rational 3b. 1 3c. 612 4. 15,000 ft solution 67. -20 69. 6, 7, 8 71. $1.68 Check It Out! 1a. 12 1b. 16.8
100
53. H 55. G 57. 200 59. 625
(2, 4); line 15. (-2, -4), (-1, -2), number, terminating decimal, Exercises 1. 32 3. 14 5. 19 7. 7
73. 3y cm 75. -63 77. 4 79. 2 1c. 1.44 2a. 20% 2b. 300% 3a. 75 61. 64 fl oz 63. $9.43 65. 80°; 170°
(0, 0), (1, -2), (2, -4); V shape integer 49. rational number, 9. 5 11. 2.5 13. 14 15. -9 17. _18_
81. -125 83. 15 85. 3 3b. 320 4. 10 karats 67. 60°; 150° 69. -20 71. 57 73. 36
21. none 23. none 25. II terminating decimal 50. irrational 75. -100 77. about $4.20
19. 16c = 192; $12 21. 24 23. -36 Exercises 3. 21 5. 5.6 7. 80%
27. y = 500 + 0.10x; (500, 550), number 51. rational number,
2-5
25. -150 27. 55 29. -3 31. 1 9. 12.5% 11. 175 13. 36 15. 48
(3000, 800), (5000, 1000), repeating decimal 52. 3.6 ft 53. 23 33. 13 35. 0.3 37. 2 39. -16 41. -3.5 Check It Out! 1. about 1.46 h Extension Answers
17. 2.5 19. 25% 21. 50% 23. 40
(7500, 1250) 29. (-2, -4), (-1, -1), 54. 8 55. 6 56. _12_ 57. -18 58. 0 43. -2 45. __ 7
s = 392; $560
5-b
2. i = f + gt 3a. t = ____ 3b. V = _m_
25. 511.1 27. 100 mg 29. 2% 31. 8% Check It Out! 1a. -7, 7 1b. -6,
(0, 0), (1, -1), (2, -4); U shape 59. 62 60. 10 61. 8 62. 10
10
49. 4s = 84; 21 in. 51. 4s = 16.4;
2 D

31. (-2, 7), (-1, 4), (0, 3), (1, 4), Exercises 3. w = __
V
5. m = 4n + 8 33. 64% 35. 85% 37. 85% 39. 0.52; 10 2a. no solution 2b. 4
63. 8 + 7(-2) 64. ____ 12
65. 4 √
20 - x 4.1 cm 53. -3x = 12; x = -4
h __
13
41. 90.0; ___
90
43. 1.12; __
28
(2, 7); U shape 33. triangle 8+3 7. a = ____
10
b+c
9. I = A - P 25 100 25 Exercises 1. -6, 6 3. 0 5. -2, 2
66. 168 ft 67. 40 68. 270 55. __3x = -8; x = -24 57. 6.25h = 50; k+5 x-2
35. rectangle 37a. f = yards; 69. 13(100) + 13(3) = 1339 11. x = ____ 13. ____
z =y 7. -11, 5 9. -9, 13 11. -57, 57
8 h 59. 0.05m = 13.80; 276 min y
y-b
c = total cost; c = 2.90f b. f is input; 70. 18(100) - 18(1) = 1782 71. 4x 15. x = 5(a + g) 17. x = ____ 13. -3, 3 15. -16, 16 17. 0, 4
61. -2 63. 0; 8y = 0; 0 65a. number m
c is output. 72. 7y 2 73. 4x + 24 74. 2x 2 + 2 of data values c. 185,300 acres 19. T = ___
PV
21. T = M + R 19. -5, 5 21. -5, 3 23. -3
nR
75. -4y + 3y 2 76. 8y - a 67. 7 69. 605 71. __ 3 c - 2a 25. 8, -2 27. 6.54 mm; 6.46 mm
73. 5.7 23. b = _____ 25. r = 7 - ax
77. $8.84
16
75. _32_ g = 2; 3 g 77. D 79. B
2
5 - 4y t-g 29. x - 5 = 0.001; 4.999 mm,
27. x = _____ 31. a = ______
3 -0.0035 5.001 mm 31. 18.8, 65.28
81a. 6c = 4.80 b. c = $0.80 83. 2

S80 Selected Answers Selected Answers S81

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S2 5/25/06 7:37:16

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S3 pages S78–S81 Selected Answers 943
5/25/06 7:37:22 PM
 33. -9.5, 3.75 35. 0 37. no solution equal to 12 27. v < -11 29. x > -3.3 1c. g > 36 37. 29.99 < 19.99 + 0.35x; 59. x can never be greater than 1b. -1 < x < 1
39. no solution 41. -2.7, 10.3 31. z ≥ 9 33. y = years of experience; x > 28.57; starting at 29 min 39. x ≤ 2 itself plus 1. 61. D 63. A
43. x - 2 = 2.5; -0.5°F; 4.5°F y ≥ 5 35. h is less than -5. 37. r is      41. x < 4 43. x < -6 45. r < 8 67. x < -3 69. w ≥ -1 __67       
45. x - 168 = 3; 165 lb, 171 lb greater than or equal to -2. 2a. x ≥ -10 47. x < 7 49. p ≥ 18 51. _21_ x + 9 < 33; 71. The number in the square
2a. x ≤ -2 OR x ≥ 2
39. p ≤ 17 41. f > 0 43. p = profits; x < 48 53. 4(x + 12) ≤ 16; x ≤ -8 should be greater than the number
Study Guide: Review p < 10,000 45. e = elevation;     
55. B 57. A 59. 225 + 400 < 275 + in the circle. 73. _25_ = __
w
; w = 26 in.
65       
e ≤ 5000 51. D 53. C 59. D 61. C 2b. h > -17 15m; 23 _13_ < m; 24 months or more 75. y = years; y ≥ 14
1. literal equation 2. ratio 3. 36
65. < 71. 10 73. 7 75. 3x + 3 61a. 2b. x < -6 OR x > 6
4. -2 5. -21 6. 18 7. __98 8. __73     
77. g = 2b; g = 2(8) = 16 3-6
9. 27 + s = 108; 81 10. 7 11. - __ 10
3
79. b = 9 81. no solutions 3. 10g ≤ 128; g ≤ 12.8; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, Number Process Cost       
12. -90 13. 13 14. 0 15. -2 Check It Out! 1. 1.0 < c < 3.0
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 servings 1 350 + 3 353
16. 17.5 17. -5 18. 40 19. -3 2c. x ≤ -6 OR x ≥ 1
3-2
20. - __12 21. 15 22. 18 23. 1 Exercises 1. b > 9 3. d > 18 2 350 + 3(2) 356        
24. 41; 123°; 57° 25. -2 26. -2 27. 1 Check It Out! 1a. s ≤ 9 5. m ≤ 1.1 7. s > -2 9. x > 5 2a. 1 < x < 5
3 350 + 3(3) 359       
28. - __23 29. no solution 30. all real 11. n > -0.4 13. d > -3 15. t > -72
numbers 31. 9 32. n = ___ 360      17. 80n ≤ 550; n ≤ 6.875; 0, 1, 2, 3, 10 350 + 3(10) 380       
c Exercises 1. -3 ≤ x ≤ 3
225 - y 1b. t < 5 __12 4, 5, or 6 nights 19. j ≤ 12 21. d < 7 n 350 + 3n 350 + 3n 2b. -3 ≤ n < 2
33. a = __
2S ______
n -
34. x = 0.25 3. -15 < x < 13 5. -2 < x < 2
23. h ≤ __87 25. c ≤ -12 27. b ≥ __1
7. x ≤ 15; -15 ≤ x ≤ 15 9. x - 2
35. 3.7 gal 36. __
1
37. 3 _13_ c 10 b. c = 350 + 3n c. 350 + 3n ≤ 500;
16
 Ê??

 Ê??

 29. b ≤ -16 31. r < - __32 33. y < 2       
< 3; -1 < x < 5 11a. -6 < x < 16
38. $1.83/golf ball 39. $0.18/oz.   n ≤ 50; 50 CDs or fewer 65. G 67. 59 3a. r < 10 OR r > 14
35. t > 4 37. z < -11 39. k ≤ -7 b. x ≤ 1 OR x ≥ 9 c. -3 ≤ x ≤ 13
40. 1080 m/h 41. 0.85 mi/min 1c. q < 11 69. x > 5 71. x > 0 73. x ≥ 0
41. p ≥ -12 43. x > -3 45. x < 20 13. no 15. yes 17. b > 3 19. d < 7
42. 1.6 43. 54 44. 5 45. -3 75. -3x > 0 77. 7 79. _23_ 81. -1       
47. p ≤ -6 49. b < 2 51. 7x ≥ 21;
46. 3.85 in. 47. 2.5 cm 48. 16 ft      83. 25 + 2m = 10 + 2.5m; m = 30 3b. x ≥ 3 OR x < -1
x ≥ 3 53. - __45 b ≤ -16; b ≥ 20 57. C Study Guide: Review
49. The ratio of the areas is the 2. 11 + m ≥ 15; m ≥ 4; Sarah must -14 85. a ≥ 6
59. A 67. B 71. g ≤ ____5
73. m > __4
15
square of the ratio of the radii. get at least 4 mg more iron to reach        1. inequality 2. union 3. compound
75. x = 5 79. 2 3 81. $1.89/gal 3-5
50. 5.29 51. 3105 52. 66.7% the RDA. 3. 250 + p > 275; p > 25; 4a. -9 < y < -2 inequality 4. intersection
83. 25 words/min 85. t < 1
53. 400% 54. 133.3 55. 240 56. 80% Josh needs to bench press more Check It Out! 1a. x ≤ -2 5. solution of an inequality
4b. x ≤ -13 or x ≥ 2
57. $48,500 58. $9000 59. about than 32 additional pounds to break 3-4 6.
$5.60 60. 37% increase 61. 33% the school record.        Exercises 1. intersection     
decrease 62. 91 63. 127.5 64. $3.75; Check It Out! 1a. x ≤ -6 3. -5 < x < 5 5. 0 < x < 3 7.
Exercises 1. p > 6 3. x ≤ -15 1b. t < -1 7. x < -8 OR x > 4 9. n < 1 OR n > 4       
$6.25 65. 37.5%
5. 102 + t ≤ 104; t ≤ 2 where t is     
11. -5 ≤ a ≤ -3 13. c < 1 OR c ≥ 9 8.
nonnegative 7. a ≥ 5 9. x < 15 1b. x < -11          
15. 16 ≤ k ≤ 50 17. 3 ≤ n ≤ 6    
11. 1400 + 243 + w ≤ 2000; 2. more than 160 flyers 9.
Chapter 3 w ≤ 357 where w is nonnegative      3a. r ≤ 2
19. 2 < x < 6 21. x < 0 OR x > 3
    
23. x < -3 OR x > 2
13. x - 10 > 32; x > 42 1c. n ≤ -10 10.
25. q < 0 OR q ≥ 2 27. -2 < s < 1
3-1 15. r - 13 ≤ 15; r ≤ 28 17. q > 51              
29a. 225 + 80n; they will spend 11.
Check It Out! 1. all real numbers 19. p ≤ 0.8 21. c > -202 23. x ≥ 0      3b. x < 3 between $200 and $550.
25. 21 + d ≤ 30; d ≤ 9 where d is 2a. m > 10       
greater than 4 b. -0.3125 ≤ n ≤ 4.0625; n cannot
nonnegative 27. x < 3; B        12. a < 2 13. k ≥ -3.5
2a. be a negative number
29. x ≤ 3; D 31. 936 + 4254 + p ≤      4a. no solutions 4b. all real numbers 14. q < -10 15. t = temperature;
Ê?? Ê?? c. 4.0625 h; they need an additional
 
  
  45,611; 5190 + p ≤ 45,611; p ≤ 40,421 2b. x > -4 t ≥ 72 16. s = students; s ≤ 12
Exercises 1. x < 3 3. x < 2 $155 to use the studio for 6 h.
2b. where p is nonnegative 35. a. 411 + where s is nonnegative
5. c < -2 7. 100 + 4p < 7p; 31. 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 33. -10 ≤ x ≤ 10
       411 = 882 miles        17. m = minutes; m < 30 where m
p > 33.33; they’ll have to sell at 35. t < 0 OR t > 100 37. -2 < x < 5
2c. b. 822 + m ≤ 1000 c. m ≤ 178, but 2c. x > 2 _13_ is nonnegative 18. t < 7 19. k ≤ 2
least 34 pizzas. 9. p < -17 39. a < 0 OR a > 1 41. n < 2 OR n > 5
Ê??
        20. m > -5 21. x ≥ 4.5 22. w < 9.5
m cannot be negative. 37. F 39. J
3. x < 2.5 4. d = amount employee  11. x > 3 13. t < 6.8 15. no solutions 43. 7 ≤ m ≤ 60 47. D 49. B
41. r ≤ 5 __
1
43. sometimes 23. a < 5 24. h < 1 25. v < -2
can earn per hour; d ≥ 8.25 10 17. all real numbers 19. no solutions 51. 0.5 < c < 3 53. s ≤ 6 OR s ≥ 9
45. always 47. y = 3 - _23_ x      26. 4.5 + m ≥ 10; m ≥ 5.5; Tammy
95 + x 21. y > -2 23. b ≥ -7 25. m > 5 55. -1 ≤ x ≤ 3 57. 4x - 5 59. 3a + 3
 ____
49. a = 2 +c b 51. k = 2s - 11 3. _____ ≥ 90; 95 + x ≥ 180; x ≥ 85; must run 5.5 mi or more. 27. 32 +
2 27. x ≥ 2 29. w ≥ 6 31. r ≥ -4 61. (-2, 3), (-1, 0), (0, -1),
53. x = 10 55. x ≥ -1 Jim’s score must be at least 85. d ≤ 50; d ≤ 18; Rob can spend $18
      
33. no solutions 35. all real numbers (1, 0), (2, 3); U-shaped 63. m < 2 or less. 28. a ≤ 5 29. t > -3
Exercises 1. A solution of an Exercises 1. m > 6 3. x ≤ -2 37. all real numbers 39. t < -7 65. x ≤ -2
3-3 30. p > 8 31. x ≤ -25 32. n > 6
inequality makes the inequality 5. x > -16 7. x ≥ -9 9. x > - __12 41. x > 3 43. x < 2 45. x > -2
Extension Answers 33. g < -12 34. k > -7 35. r < -9
true when substituted for the Check It Out! 1a. k > 6 11. x ≤ 19 13. x > 1 47. x ≤ -6 49. s > 26.67; 27 s
36. h < -3 37. g < 2.5 38. 0, 1, 2, 3,
variable. 3. all real numbers greater 15. 300 + 0.1x > 1200; sales of more 51a. 400 + 4.50n Check It Out! 1a. -3 < x < 3
than -3 5. all real numbers greater 4, 5, 6, 7 39. 0.75n ≥ 250;
       than $9000 17. x ≤ 1 19. w < -2 b. 12n c. 400 + 4.50n < 12n;
than or equal to 3 11. b > -8 _12_ n ≥ 333 __13 ; they must sell at least
1b. q ≤ -10 21. x < -6 23. f < -4.5 25. w > 0 n > 53 _31_; 54 CDs or more       
13. d < -7 15. f ≤ 14 17. r < 140 334 lanyards. 40. x < 5 41. t ≥ 6
27. v > _23_ 29. x > -5 31. x < -2 53. 5x - 10 < 6x - 8; x > -2
     42. m > -11 43. r < 6 44. p > -4
19. all real numbers less than 2 33. a ≥ 11 35. x > 3 55. __34 x ≥ x - 5; x ≤ 20
21. all real numbers less than or 45. g > -7 46. x < -1 47. h > -3

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48. x > 1 __12 49. b ≤ 10 50. y > 3 _12_ 4-2 4-3 1b. y 7. y 29. y
51. n > -15 52. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  
Check It Out! 1. x y Check It Out! 1. y = 3x 
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13 53. 26 mo x
2a. independent variable: time;  
total 54. less than $300,000 1 3   
dependent variable: cost 
55. m < -1 56. y ≥ -2 57. c < -3  x
2 4 2b. independent variable: pounds;
58. q ≤ -4 59. x > 2 60. t < 3 
  
3 5 dependent variable: cost 9.
61. no solutions 62. all real numbers y
3a. independent variable: pounds;  x 31.
63. p > - __12 64. all real numbers y 
y
 dependent variable: cost; f (x) = x    
65. k > 2 66. no solutions  
 
1.69x 3b. independent variable:   
67. 210 + 16m > 175 + 20m;   
x
people; dependent variable: cost; 2a. y
8.75 > m 68. -10 < t < 4  x 
  f (x) = 6 + 29.99x 4a. h(1) = 1;  
69. -6 < k ≤ 7 70. r > 7 OR r < -2 x    
h(-3) = -7 4b. g(-24) = -5;
71. no solutions 72. -2 < p ≤ 5     
g(400) = 101 5. f (x) = 500x;
73. all real numbers 74. 68 ≤ t ≤ 84 2a. D: {6, 5, 2, 1}; R: {-4, -1, 0} 11. y = -1 33. y
D: {0, 1, 2, 3}; R: {0, 500, 1000, 1500}
75. 102 ≤ n ≤ 183.6 2b. D: {1, 4, 8}; R: {1, 4} 
13. 
y
3a. D: {-6, -4, 1, 8}; R: {1, 2, 9}; Exercises 1. dependent
function; each domain value is 3. y = x - 2 5. independent 2b. y  x
Chapter 4 paired with exactly one range variable: size of bottle; dependent  x   

value. 3b. D: {2, 3, 4}; R: {-5, -4, variable: cost of water    

4-1 -3}; not a function; the domain 7. independent variable: hours; x 35. y
value 2 is paired with both -5 dependent variable: cost;      
Check It Out! 1. graph C and -4. f (h) = 75h 9. f (0) = 2; f (1) = 9
15. y 
2a. discrete; +EYBOARDING 11. h(27) = -1; h(-15) = -15 3. x = 3 4. Possible answer: about 
x
Exercises
13. y = -2x 15. independent 32.5 mi
7ORDSPERMINUTE

   
3. x y 5. x y variable: size of lawn; dependent !VERAGE3PEEDOF,AVA&LOW

1 1 -7 7 variable: cost 17. independent 37. x = 1 39. y = -8 41. yes;
x
variable: days late; dependent
$ISTANCEMI

 yes 43. no; yes 45. no; yes; yes

1 2 -3 3     
variable: total cost; f(x) = 3.99 +  47. yes; no; yes 55a. v = 10,000 -
-1 1 
7EEKS 0.99x 19. independent variable: 1500h b. 8500 gal
2b. continuous; 7ATER4ANK 5 -5 gallons of gas; dependent variable: 
17. c. Time Volume
7. D: {-5, 0, 2, 5}; R: {-20, -8, 0, miles; f(x) = 28x 21. g(1) = 7; y

g(2) = 10 23. f(n) = 2n + 5;       (h) (gal)
7ATERLEVEL

7} 9. D: {2, 3, 5, 6, 8}; R: {4, 9, 25, 4IMEH

36, 81} 11. D: {1}; R: {-2, 0, 3, 8}; D: {1, 2, 3, 4}; R: {$7, $9, $11, $13}  0 10,000
not a function 13. D: {-2, -1, 0, 1, 25. x 1 8,500
z 1 2 3 4 Exercises  
2}; R: {1}; function 1. 2 7,000
4IME g(z) -3 -1 1 3 y
15. x y
3. Possible answer: When the 27. f (-6.89) ≈ -16; f (1.01) ≈ 8;
 19. y 3 5,500
number of students reaches a -2 -4 f (4.67) ≈ 20 33. D 35. 3.5   4 4,000
certain point, the number of pizzas -1 -1 37. 44.1 m 39. y = -3 41. x = 2 x

bought increases.  59. J 61. J 63. y = 4x + 64
0 0 43. D: x ≥ 0; R: all real numbers;     x
65. 2 3 67. p < -4 69. b ≥ 20
Exercises 1. continuous 3. graph not a function    
1 -1

71. h(-6) = -3; h(9) = 7
B 5. graph C 11. graph A
2 -4 4-4 21. y
13. continuous 19. The point of 4-5
intersection represents the time 17. D: {3}; R: 1 ≤ y ≤ 5 19. D: -2 ≤ Check It Out! 1a. 3. y
of day when you will be the same x ≤ 2; R: 0 ≤ y ≤ 2; function 21. yes Check It Out!
y  
distance from the base of the 23. yes 25. yes 27. no 29a. D: 1. &OOTBALL4EAM3CORES
 
mountain on both the hike up and 0 ≤ t ≤ 5; R: 0 ≤ v ≤ 750 b. yes      
the hike down. 23. C 27. Container c. (2, 300); (3.5, 525) 33. G   
0OINTSSCORED


35a. {(-3, 5), (-1, 7), (0, 9), (1, 11),
x
C 29. -8 31. __19 33. (-2, 5), (-1, 3), x
23. y 
  
(3, 13)} b. D: {-3, -1, 0, 1, 3};   
(0, 1), (1, -1), (2, -3); the points 
  



form a line. 35. (-2, 6), (-1, 3), R: {5, 7, 9, 11, 13} c. yes 37. all real
5. y 

(0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 6); the points form numbers 39. __43 = __ x
36
; 27 cm  x


a U-shaped figure. 41. x + 45 ≥ 64; x ≥ 19    
     
37. n - 5 = -2; 3
x 'AME
25. y = 5
   2. positive correlation 3a. No
correlation; the temperature in

S84 Selected Answers Selected Answers S85

944 Selected Answers

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a107se_BM_S0079-S0106_2R.indd
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 Houston has nothing to do with the 1d. arithmetic; common difference: 7. Possible answer: A family buys a 30. y 3b. yes y 3a. y

number of cars sold in Boston. -3 2a. -343 2b. 19.6 3. 750 lb fish tank and some fish. After two x
x   
3b. Positive correlation; as the weeks, they buy some more fish. 
Exercises 1. common difference    
number of family members 3. arithmetic; common difference: After two more weeks, they buy 
increases, more food is needed, so -0.7; -0.7, -1.4, -2.1 5. not more fish. 8. Possible answer: A x

the grocery bill increases too. arithmetic 7. -53 9. not arithmetic monkey swings from a high branch   
3c. Negative correlation; as the 11. arithmetic; common difference: to a lower branch. He climbs along 3b. 
y
31. y x
3c. no
number of times you sharpen -9; -58, -67, -76 13. 5.9 the branch. Then he jumps to a   x

your pencil increases, the length higher branch and takes a nap. 4. 2ENTAL0AYMENT
15. 9500 mi 17. _14_ 19. -2.2    
of the pencil decreases. 4. Graph A;

2ENTALPAYMENT
21. 0.07 23. - __83 , - _21_, - _85_, - _43_ 9.
it cannot be graph B because x -1 0 2 
25. -0.2, -0.7, -1.2, -1.7 27. -0.3, 
graph B shows negative minutes; y 0 1 1 
-0.1, 0.1, 0.3 29. 22 31. 122 33a. It
it cannot be graph C because 10. Exercises 1. y-intercept
graph C shows the temperature
could be arithmetic because you x -2 -1 2 3 32. 

3. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: -4
pay $2 per lap, so the common
of the pie increasing, a positive y -1 1 3 4   5. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: -1
difference could be 2. b. $9, $11,   
correlation. 5. about 75 rolls 7. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: 8
$13, $15; a n = 2n + 7 c. $37 d. no 11. D: {-4, -2, 0, 2}; R: { -1, 1, 3, 5}  -ANICURES
D: {0, 1, 2, 3, …} 13. x-intercept: -1; y-intercept: 3
Exercises 3. no 5. positive 35. -104.5 37. __ 20
12. D: {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}; R: {-1, 0} x
3
 R: {$10, $13, $16, $19, …} 15. x-intercept: -4; y-intercept: 2
correlation 7. negative correlation 39a. a n = 6 + 3(n - 1) 13. D: {0, 1, 4}; R: {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}   
17. x-intercept: -4; y-intercept:
9. positive correlation 11. Graph A b. 48 c. $7800 d. a n = 7 + 3(n - 1); 14. D: -4 ≤ x ≤ 3; R: -3 ≤ y ≤ 5 33. Possible answer: about $43 Exercises 1. No; it is not in the 2 19. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept:
15. positive correlation 17. positive $8200 15. D: {-5, -3, -1, 1}; R: {-3, -2, form Ax + By = C. 3. Yes; each
34. negative correlation 8 21. x-intercept: _18_; y-intercept: -1
correlation 19. Graph A 23. Positive 41a. -1, 0}; function 16. D: {-4, -2, 35. Possible answer: 33 36. appears domain value is paired with exactly 35. A 37. B 41. F 47. x-intercept:
correlation; as the number of left 0, 2}; R: {-2, 1}; function to be arithmetic; -6; -4, -10, -16 one range value; yes. 5. yes 7. yes
Time Mile 950; y-intercept: -55
shoes sold increases, the number 17. D: {1, 2, 3 ,4}; R: {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3}; 37. not arithmetic 9. yes 11. no 15. Yes; each domain
Interval Marker
of right shoes sold also increases, not a function 18. {(1, 5.00), (2, 6.50), 38. not arithmetic 39. appears value is paired with exactly one 5-3
because people need shoes for 1 520 (3, 8.00), (4, 9.50), (5, 11.00)}; to be arithmetic; 2.5; 2, 4.5, 7 range value; no. 17. Yes; each
both feet. 25. B 2 509 yes 19. yes 20. The value of y is 7 Check It Out! 1. day 1 to day 6:
40. 105 41. -62 42. 20 43. $420 domain value is paired with exactly
-53; day 6 to day 16: -7.5; day 16
27a. *UANS4RIP 3 498 less than x; y = x - 7. 21. The 44. -15.5°C one range value; no. 19. yes
value of y is 9 times x; y = 9x. to day 22: 0; day 22 to day 30:
23. no 27. yes; yes 29. yes; yes
 4 487
22. independent variable: number -4.375; from day 1 to day 6
 31. yes; -4x + y = 2; A = -4; B = 1;
5 476 2. "ANK"ALANCE
$ISTANCEMI

 of cakes; dependent variable: cost;


f (c) = 6c 23. independent variable:
Chapter 5 C = 2 33. no 35. yes; x = 7; A = 1;

 6 465 B = 0; C = 7 37. yes; 3x - y = 1; DAY
 
number of CDs Raul will buy; A = 3; B = -1; C = 1 39. yes; 5x -
 b. a n = 520 + (n - 1)(-11) 5-1
 

"ALANCE
 dependent variable: number of 2y = -3; A = 5, B = -2, C = -3  DAY DAY 
c. number of miles per interval DAY
 CDs Tim will buy; g(n) = 2n Check It Out! 1a. yes; each 41. no 55. no 57. C 63. not 
d. 421 43. F 45. 20th and 21st

     24. f(5) = 14 25. g(-3) = -11 domain value is paired with exactly linear 65. -1 67. __19 69. 2 71. 9
terms 47a. session 16; yes
4IMEMIN 26. h(-4) = 6; h(5) = -1 one range value; yes 1b. yes;

b. Thursday 49. x = 16 51. t < -2
b. positive correlation 29. C 27. each domain value is paired with 5-2
OR t > 2 53. negative correlation y 
   
35. 5(n + 2) = 2n - 8, n = -6  exactly one range value; yes 1c. no; Check It Out! 1a. x-intercept: -2; $AY
37. no solution Study Guide: Review each domain value is not paired y-intercept: 3 1b. x-intercept: -10;
 3. - __25 4a. undefined 4b. 0
39. y x
with exactly one range value y-intercept: 6 1c. x-intercept: 4; y-
1. domain 2. negative 5a. undefined 5b. positive
x
  
2. yes; a constant change of +2 intercept: 8
 correlation 3. term
   in x corresponds to a constant 2a. 3CHOOL3TORE0URCHASES Exercises 1. constant 5. - __34
 4.
change of -1 in y. 7. undefined 9. undefined
$ISTANCE

.OTEBOOKS

3a. yes 11. positive 15. 1 17. 0
28. y y x  19. positive 23. __ 17
29. C 31. G
 18

41. y 4IME 
  35. -2 37. D: {3}; R: {4, 2, 0, -2};
x  
   no 39. x-intercept: 3; y-intercept: 6
  5. 0ENS
(EIGHTOFBALL

  41. x-intercept: _41_; y-intercept: _21_

 
x-intercept: 30; y-intercept: 20
 x 2b. x-intercept: number of pens 5-4
 
  that can be purchased if no
4IME Check It Out! 1a. m = 0 1b. m = 3
notebooks are purchased;
6. 29. 1c. m = 2 2a. m = _12_ 2b. m = -3
4-6 y y-intercept: the number of
2c. m = 2 2d. - _32_ 3. m = _12_; the
(EIGHT

 notebooks that can be purchased

Check It Out! 1a. arithmetic; x height of the plant is increasing at a
common difference: _12_ 1b. not if no pens are purchased.
   rate of 1 cm every 2 days.
arithmetic 1c. not arithmetic 4IME  4. m = - _23_

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Exercises 1. 1 3. - __12 5. 10 7. ___

1
540
29. k = - _29_x 3c. y = -4 29. y = -2x + 8 y product of their slopes is -1. Since translation 2 units up 5. The graph
9. - _59_ 11. -4 13. undefined y 
y
 PQR contains a right angle, PQR is will be rotated about (0, 175) and

x a right triangle. 5a. y = _45_ x + 3 become less steep; the graph will
15. - _34_ 17. - ____
9
19. - __
13

5000 5     5b. y = - _15_ x + 2 be translated 5 units up.
21. Student A is correct. x  
23a. Car 1; 20 mi/h b. The speed   
Exercises 1. parallel 3. y = __
3
4
x-1 Exercises 1. translation
 3.
and the slope are both equal to the 
 and y - 3 = _43_(x - 5) 5. y = __23 x - 4 
y
 x
distance divided by time. c. 20 mi/h   and y = - _32_ x + 2; y = -1 and x = 3 f x
4a. y = 18x + 200 4b. slope: 18;   
25a. y = 220 - x 27. G 29. - __ab 9. x = 7 and x = -9; y = - _56_ x + 8
The value of k is and the graph - _29_, cost per person; y-intercept: 200;
31. __32 - y 33. x = __12 35. x = -3 31. Student B is correct. 33. possible and y = - _56_ x - 4 11. y = -3x + 2    x
shows that the slope of the line is fee 4c. $3800
35. impossible 37. A 41. B 43. B and 3x + y = 27; y = _12_ x - 1 and  gx
37. x = 0 39. p = 5 41. n = -11 - __29 . Exercises 45. y = _31_ x - 3 47. -6 51. n ≤ 8 -x + 2y = 17 13. y = 6x and y = - _16_ x;
43. a = 2 45. yes 33. y = -6x

1. y 53. t < -3 55. no y = __16 x and y = -6x 15. x - 6y = 15
x
5-5 y and y = -6x - 8; y = 3x - 2 and translation 4 units down
   5-7 3y = -x - 11 17. y = - _67_ x 19. neither 7. y

Check It Out! 1a. no 1b. yes; - __34 21. parallel 23. y = _12_ x - 5
 fx
 Check It Out!
1c. yes; -3 2a. No; possible 

25. y = 2x + 5 27. y = 3x + 13  gx
y 1. y
answer: the value of __x is not the  x 29. y = -x + 5 31. y = 4x - 23 x

same for each ordered pair. 2b. Yes;      5. y = 8x + 2 7. y = -3 33. y = - __34 x 35. y = -x + 1  
y x 
possible answer: the value of __x is 
9. y = __52 x - 6  37. y = __ 2
x - __
31
39. y = - _15_ x - __
11
  5 5 5
the same for each ordered pair. 41. y = - __12 x - _12_ 43. y = __12 x + 6 
The value of k is -6, and the graph y x 
2c. No; possible answer: the value 45. y = x - 3 47. y = -4 51a. y = 50x
y shows that the slope of the line is    rotation about (0, 0) (less steep)
of __x is not the same for each
ordered pair. 3. 90
-6. 41. C 43. B 47. p = 7 - 4q
4 - 2y

(
2a. y - 1 = 2 x - __12 2b. y + 4 = ) b. y = 50x + 30 53. H 57. - _15_
59. 94 + t > 112; t > 18 63. y = __23 x - 5
9. 
y
49. x = _____
y 51. y = -2x 53. -4  0(x - 3) 3. y = _1_ x + 2 4a. y = gx fx
4. y = 4x 0ERIMETEROFA3QUARE 3 65. y = - __21 x - _21_ 67. y = 3
55. _12_ 6x - 8 4b. y = _23_ x - 1 5. y = 2.25x +

x
 6; $53.25 5-9 
5-6    
Exercises 5. y - 5 = -4(x - 1) 
0ERIMETER

 13. y Check It Out!

Check It Out! 
7. y = - __13 x + 7 9. y = __13 x 1. y

1a. 
y 
11. y = 3x - 13 13. y = -x
 x  15. y = - __13 x + _43_ 17. y = -x + 15
fx
 rotation about (0, -2) (steeper)
   19. y = _15_ x + 3; 9 ft 23. y - 5 = 13. y
 x
    x
   
x
__
2
9
(x + 1) 25. y - 8 = 8(x - 1)  gx     
3IDELENGTH
   27. y - 7 = 3(x - 4) 29. y = - _27_ x + 1 
Exercises 1. direct variation 31. y = - __14 x 33. y = -5x + 13 translation 6 units down
gx  fx
3. yes; -4 5. no 7. 18 11. yes; _14_ 1b. y
35. y = _17_ x + 7 37. y = -5x - 3 2. y
17. y = 5x - 9 19. y = - __12 x + 7
13. yes 15. -16 19. no 21. y = -3x 
39. y = 2x + 11 41. y = - ___ 1
x + 212; 
x 21. y = - _12_ x + 3 y 500

y
  200°F 43. y = 6; x = 6 49. D 

 __
5 g(x) = - _13_ x - 6
  51. slope: 2 ; y-intercept: 2 x
 17.

 53. y = _23_ x 59. y = 3x - 5  gx  y

rotation about (0, -1) (less steep)
x x
2. y = 8x - 25 fx
      5-8
3a. y = _23_ x 3. y x
Check It Out! 1a. y = 2x + 2 and
The value of k is -3, and the graph y 25. y = __72
 fx    
y y = 2x + 1 1b. y = 3x and y - 1 = 
shows that the slope of the line is  −−
 3(x + 2) 2. slope of AB = 0; slope 
-3. x −− −− x 
  of BC = __53 ; slope of CD = 0; slope
25. y = 2x  
−−− −− −−
 
rotation about (0, 0) (steeper) and
gx
 x of AD = __53 ; AB is parallel to CD

y
   g(x) = - _23_ x + 2 translation 1 unit up
because they have the same slope.
−− −− 23. y f x
 3b. y = -3x + 5 AD is parallel to BC because 4. 
y 
 gx
x y they have the same slope. Since
 
     opposite sides are parallel, ABCD is
 x
x
a parallelogram. 3. y = -4 and x = 3;  
      
 y - 6 = 5(x + 4) and y = - _15_ x + 2  
x
−− −−
  4. slope of PQ = 2; slope of QR = -1; gx 
The value of k is 2, and the graph −− −− fx

slope of PR = - _12_ ; PQ is
shows that the slope of the line is 2. −−
perpendicular to PR because the reflection across y-axis and rotation about (0, 2) (less steep)

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5/25/06 7:38:20 PM
 27. y in y. 5. Yes; a constant change 39. y 60. y less than 5 39. numbers greater the number is 14.

gx fx of +1 in x corresponds to a  than 6 41. c ≤ -9 41. y = 3x 43. yes; __12 45. no 47. (4, 9)
fx
 constant change of +2 in y.  x
x 6. Yes; a constant change of +1 in x   6-2 6-4
    

corresponds to a constant change x gx Check It Out! 1a. (-2, 1) Check It Out! 1. no solution
of -2 in y. 7. No; a constant    1b. (0, 2) 1c. (3, -10) 2. (-1, 6) 2. infinitely many solutions
 change of -1 in y corresponds to rotation about (0, 0) (less steep) 3. 10 months; $860; the first option; 3a. consistent, dependent;
different changes in x. 40. y x
rotation about (0, 0) (steeper) and 
61. gx y fx the first option is cheaper for the infinitely many solutions
8. 5x + y = 1; A = 5; B = 1; C = 1 
 first 9 months; the second option is 3b. consistent, independent; one
translation 5 units down 
9. x + 6y = -2; A = 1; B = 6; C = x cheaper after 10 months. solution 3c. inconsistent; no
31. rotation about (0, 0) (steeper) -2 10. 7x - 4y = 0; A = 7; B = -4;     solution 4. Yes; the graphs of the
y
C=0  Exercises 1. (9, 35) 3. (3, 8)
 two equations have different slopes

f x 11. y = 9; A = 0; B = 1; C = 9 5. (-3, -9) 7a. 3 months; $136
so they intersect.
x
12. #UPCAKE3ALES b. Green Lawn 9. (-4, 2)
reflection across y-axis, rotation
  41. y = __13 x + 5 42. y = 4x - 9 11. (-1, 2) 13. (1, 5) Exercises 1. consistent 3. no
about (0, 0)
43. y x 15. (3, -2) 17. 6 months; $360; the solutions 5. infinitely many
!MOUNTEARNED


g x    62. 
y
second option 19. (2, -2) solutions 7. infinitely many

They have different slopes and the  gx x 21. (8, 6) 23. (-9, -14.8) solutions 9. inconsistent; no
same y-intercept.   25. 12 nickels; 8 dimes solutions 11. Yes; the graphs of the
f x
 x + y = 1000 two equations have different slopes
37. y   27.  ; $200 at 5%;
x   0.05x + 0.06y = 58 $800 at 6% so they intersect. 13. no solutions
   
    44. y 15. no solutions
 reflection across y-axis; rotation 29. m∠x = 60°; m∠y = 30° 17. infinitely many solutions
about (0, -2)
#UPCAKESSOLD 
x 35. Possible estimate: (1.75, -2.5); 19. infinitely many solutions
D: Whole numbers;
   63. translation 2 units up; rotation (1.8, -2.4) 37. F 39. r = 5; s = -2; 21. consistent, independent; one
R: positive multiples of 0.5
g(x) = __16 x - 4 39. translation 9
 about (0, 3) (steeper) t = 4 41. a = 9; b = 5; c = 0 solution 23. Yes; the graphs of
13. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: -4
units down 41. rotation about (0, 0) 45. x-intercept: 2; y-intercept: -6 the two equations have different
14. x-intercept: 5; y-intercept: 6
47. x-intercept: 8; y-intercept: 10
(steeper) 43. rotation about (0, 0) 15. x-intercept: 3; y-intercept: -9 45. y - 3 = 2(x - 1) 46. y - 4 = -5 slopes, so they intersect. 27. They
(steeper) 45a. $300 b. 20% 16. x-intercept: -_12_; y-intercept: 1 (x + 6) 47. y = 2x + 2 Chapter 6 49. yes will always have the same amount;
c. Commission changes to 25%. 17. x-intercept: -18; y-intercept: 3 48. y = -x + 3 49. y = 2x + 8 both started with 2 and add 4 every
6-3
Base pay changes to $400. 49. D 18. x-intercept: __13 ; y-intercept: -_14_ 50. y = 2 6-1 year. 29. The graph will be
53. 15x 55. positive 57. negative 19. 2ATE 51. y = - _13_ x and y = - _13_ x - 6 Check It Out! 1. (-2, 4) 2. (4, 1) 2 parallel lines. 31. A 33. D
Check It Out! 1a. yes 1b. no
59. y = - _53_ x and y + 1 = - _53_(x - 2) 52. y - 2 = -4 (x - 1) and 3a. (2, 0) 3b. (3, 4) 4. 9 lilies; 35. p = q; p ≠ q 37. 11 km 39. not
2a. (-2, 3) 2b. (3, -2) 3. 5 movies;
61. x = 4 and y = -3; 2y + x = 6 and  y = -4x - 2 53. y - 1 = -5(x - 6) 4 tulips arithmetic 41. d = -1 _12_; -6,
$25
y = 2x + 3
FT
and y = __51 x + 2 54. y - 2 = 3(x + 1) -7 _12_, -9 43. (-2, -4)
Exercises 1. (-4, 1) 3. (-2, -4)
$ISTANCEFT

S

Exercises 1. an ordered pair that
FT and y = - _13_ x 56. y = 2x - 3 5. (-6, 30) 7. (3, 2) 9. (4, -3) 6-5
Extension Answers  satisfies both equations 3. yes
( )
FT
S
S
57. 11. (-1, -2) 13. (1, 5) 15. 6, - _12_
y
5. (2, 1) 7. (-4, 7) 9. no 11. no Check It Out! 1a. no 1b. yes
Check It Out!  FT 17. (-1, 2) 19. (-1, 2)
S 
13. (3, 3) 15. (3, -1) 2a. y
1. y gx 
- w = 2 

     y = 2x 21.  ; length: 11 units;
x 17a.   2
+ 2w = 40 width: 9 units
x
4IMES  y = 16 + 0.50x    x

( ) ( )
  fx
   20. 5 21. - _43_ 22. -3 23. - _12_ b. #ARNATION3ALES 25. (3, 3) 27. __
46 __
, 8 29. __
7 7
15 __
,9
7 7

 24. 3 25. 7 26. 4 27. -5 28. -1 translation 4 units up 3A + 2B = 16 
29. 1 30. 2 31. undefined 32. 0  31a.  b. A = 4; B = 2
58. y &LORISTSPRICE  2A + 3B = 14
axis of symmetry: x = 0; vertex:
#OST
33. yes; -6 34. yes; 1 35. no f x 2b. y
  c. Buying the first package will save x
(0, 0); x-intercept: 0; y-intercept: 0; 36. yes; -__12 37. -12
gx
x $8; buying the second package will   
D: all real numbers; R: y ≥ 0 38. -ALEKAS"ABY SITTING%ARNINGS  

3CHOOLBANDSPRICE save $7. 33. A 35a. s = number 

Exercises 5. D: all real numbers  of student tickets; n = number of 

  

R: y ≥ 0 7. D: all real numbers nonstudent tickets;
-ONEYEARNED

#ARNATIONS
R: y ≥ 7 9. never 11. never  59. y It represents how many carnations s + n = 358 2c.
gx  y

 need to be sold to break even.  1.50s + 3.25n = 752.25 
Study Guide: Review x c. No, because the solution is not b. s = 235; n = 123; 235 student x
   tickets, 123 nonstudent tickets
1. translation; rotation; reflection a whole number of carnations; 11   
2. y-intercept 3. slope; y-intercept f x carnations. 19. (-2.4, -9.3) 37. x = 4; y = -1; z = 10 

4. No; a constant change of +2 in
   
21. (0.3, -0.3) 23. 45 white; 120 x + y = 5
4IMEH rotation about (0, 0) (less steep) 39.  ; x = 1; y = 4;
x corresponds to different changes pink 25. 8 yr 29. C 31. month 11;  3(10x + y) = 42 3a. 2.5b + 2g ≤ 6
400 33. 42 35. 2.2 37. numbers

S90 Selected Answers Selected Answers S91

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S12 5/25/06 7:38:28

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S13 5/25/06 7:38:36 PM

3b. /LIVE#OMBINATIONS 23. y (4, 4); not solutions: (-3, 1), 9. y 27. y 24. (-2, 8) 25. (3, -5) 26. (4, -6)
 (-1, -4) 27. (2, 2) 28. no solution
 x 2b. y x x 29. infinitely many solutions

30. (-2, -4) 31. infinitely many
'REENOLIVES

     
  x  solutions 32. infinitely many
    solutions 33. (-1, -3) 34. no 35.

 25. y 11. y 29. ,INDAS7ORK(OURS consistent, independent; one
x
  solution 36. inconsistent; no

Possible answer: solutions: (0, 0),
(OURSBABYSITTING

 
     x  solution 37. consistent, dependent;
"LACKOLIVES (3, -2); not solutions: (4, 4), (1, -6)    infinitely many solutions
 
3c. Possible answer: (1 lb black, 1 lb 3a. y
38. inconsistent; no solution
green), (0.5 lb black, 2 lb green)   
39. consistent, independent;
4a. y < -x 4b. y ≥ -2x - 3 29. y one solution 40. consistent,
 x 13. 
y

   
Exercises 3. yes  x
dependent; infinitely many
(OURSATPHARMACY
x solutions 41. inconsistent; no
5. y
    Possible answer: (0, 9), (8.5, 10)
 
 solution 42. no 43. yes 44. yes
 3b. y
x 31. y 45. no

  46.
  y
 31. y x
15. 3ALES'OALS x 
      x
x   
7. y  
#UPCAKES

    
 
   3c. y  33. y
 

33. y x x
47. y

  
       
 ,EMONADEC  x
x
9a. r + p ≤ 16   
   Possible answer: (6 lemonade,
b. 0UNCH#OMBINATIONS 
 13 cupcakes), (10 lemonade, 10
4. #HEESE#OMBINATIONS y > x + 1
cupcakes) 17. yes 35. 

y<x+3
0INEAPPLEJUICEC

#HEDDARCHEESELB

 y
35. y 19. y 48.
 

y < 2 

37. 
 x  x  x ≥ -2 
     

 39. Student B 45. G x
  
47. about 12 square units   

   

    0EPPERJACKCHEESELB 49. y
/RANGEJUICEC
37. 7a + 4s ≥ 280 41. A 43. B 45. C Possible answer: solutions: (-2, 0), 49. y
Possible answer: (3 lb pepper jack, 
c. Possible answer: (2 c orange,
47. y
2 lb cheddar), (2.5 lb pepper jack, (-3, 1); not solutions: (0, 0), (1, 4) x
  x
2 c pineapple), (4 c orange, 10 c 4 lb cheddar) 21. y

x   
pineapple) 11. y ≥ x + 5 13. yes   
  Exercises 1. all 3. yes
15. y 
 5. y x 51. 25 cm 2 53. 12.5 cm 2 55. no
 50. y
x  57. yes
49. y ≥ _12_ x + 3 51. yes 53. yes  x
    
 55. y = _34_ x + _74_ 57. y = 3x + 1 x Possible answer: solutions: (-1, 3), Study Guide: Review 
59. y = __12 x + _12_ 61. (-2, 15) 63. (2, 5)     (0, 5); not solutions: (0, 0), (1, 4) 1. independent system 2. system 
19a. 3b + 2d ≤ 30 65. (12, 3) 23. y
of linear equations 3. solution of a
b. &OOD#OMBINATIONS
Possible answer: solutions: (3, 3),  system of linear inequalities
6-6 (4, 3); not solutions: (0, 0), (2, 1) 51. y
 4. inconsistent system
(OTDOGSLB

 Check It Out! 1a. yes 1b. no 7. y x 5. independent system 6. no 

2a. y
    7. yes 8. yes 9. no 10. (-1, -1)
 
x 11. (3, 4) 12. 8 h; $10 13. (-9, -6) x
25.
( )
x  y
14. __12 , -2 15. (-1, 6) 16. (4, -5)
     
 
  
(AMBURGERMEATLB
 x 17. (-5, 2) 18. (6, 6) 19. 10 h; 52. x = slices of pizza; y = bottles of
c. Possible answer: (3 lb hamburger,  $1350; Motor Works 20. (-1, 3)

2 lb hot dogs), (5 lb hamburger, 6 lb Possible answer: solutions: (0.5, 3), soda; 2x + 1y ≥ 450
Possible answer: solutions: (3, 3),
 21. (5, -3) 22. (11, 1) 23. (0, 3)
hot dogs) 21. y ≤ - __15 x + 3 (1, 3); not solutions: (0, 0), (-1, 2)

S92 Selected Answers Selected Answers S93

946 Selected Answers

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S14 pages S90–S93 5/25/06 7:38:42
a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S15 5/25/06 7:38:51 PM
 3
&UNDRAISING.EEDS Chapter 7 mi 7. y 32 9. __
1
4
, or __
1
81
11. x 7 y 13 51. linear monomial 53. quadratic 55. -10x 4 + 2x + 20x 2 - 19x + 31. 2 3 · 3 4 32. b 10 33. r 5 34. x 12
3
13. 36k 2 15. -8x 15 17. b 10 19. 6 8 trinomial 55. quartic trinomial 3 57. 8x 5 - 12x 3 - 2x 4 + 17x 2 - 35. 1 36. __ 1
, or __18 37. __
1
, or ___
1
"OTTLESOFLEMONADE 2 3
5 4 625
 21. __
x
23. 2 9, or 512 25. __
1 a 12
27. ___ 57. quadratic monomial 59. always 21 59. x 3 - 3x - 2 38. ____
1
39. g 12h 8 40. x 4y 2
7-1 y 3 2 5
x b
61. never 63a. 58.5 in3 b. 66 in3 61. -x 3 + 3x 2 - 3x + 1 63. 16x 2 -
16b6

 29. 27x 3 31. p 28q 14 33. -256x 12 41. -x 4y 2 42. x 6y 15 43. j 6k 9
Check It Out! 1. ___
1
m 2a. _____
1 c. 0 d. yes 65. -48; 0; 3270 75. A is 48x + 36 65a. 3; 2; 10x 5 + 5x 3; 5 44. _15_ 45. m 8n 30 46. 8 × 10 11
125 10,000 35. 6 37. 3 39. 8 41. 2x 3 43. 2m 10n 6

2b. __
1
2c. - __
1
2d. - __
1
3a. __
1 incorrect 77. J 79a. 58 cm; 65 cm b. 2; 2; x 4 - x 3 + 2x 2 - 2x; 4 c. 1; 3; 47. 9 × 10 7 48. 1 × 10 10 49. 2.8 ×
16 32 32 64 45. 108x 13 47. 125x 6 49. 3a 6
a7 b. 50.310 cm 81. 90 - m x 4 - 5x 3 + 6x 2 + x - 3; 4 d. m + n 10 15 50. 6 × 10 1 51. 1.8 × 10 -8
    3b. 2 4a. ___
2
4b. ___
1
4c. g 4h 6 51. 10 3, or 1000 57. __ 59. 15m 12n 9
3
m 3
7r b5 83. inconsistent; no solutions 67. 12x 2 + 12x + 3 69a. 2x 2 52. 3.55 × 10 7 53. 64 54. 4 55. m 5
3LICESOFPIZZA 61. 9s 2t 7 63. t 7 67. yes 69. 17k 2
Exercises 1. ________
1
m 3. 1 5. __
1 85. consistent and independent; b. 800 m 2 71. 2x 2 - 7x - 30 56. 1 57. __ 7
58. 6b 59. t 3v 4
Possible answer: (200, 50), 10,000,000 27 71. 6x 73. 15a b 75a. 6 × 10 -7 m
4 2 3
x2 p8 32
7. - ___
1
9. 1 11. __
1
13. ___
1 one solution 87. __ 89. __ 73. 8x 2 - 16xy + 6y 2 75. 6x 2 - 60. 16 61. 5 × 10 1 62. 2.5 × 10 7
(150, 150) 53. no 54. yes 512 16 256 b. 3 × 10 8 m/s c. Associative 5
y 16
9x - 6 77. x 3 + 3x 2 79. 2x 3 -
15. - __
1
17. __
3
19. x 10d 3 21. __4
g6
and Commutative Properties of 63. 2 × 10 4 64. 2.25 × 10 7 65. 0
55. y 7-6 7x 2 - 10x + 24 81. 8p 3 - 36p 2q +
( )
32 4
k f 2
Multiplication 77. (6ab) 79. _____ 66 4 67. 6 68. 7 69. 2 70. 1
2 1
p7
 23. __ __
1 __
1
q 25. 1 27. 81 29. - 36 31. 1 2kmn 54pq 2 - 27q 3 87. C 89. D
x 81. H 83. F 85. 3 2x 87. x + 1 Check It Out! 1a. 5s 2 + s 71. 3n 2 + 2n - 4; 3 72. -a 6 - a 4 +
33. - __13 35. 4 37. ___
1
39. 1 41. ___
1
1b. 20z 4 - 6 1c. x 8 + 6y 8 1d. b 3c 2 91. -x 2 - 6 93. a. x 2 - 1 b. 8x + 3a 3 + 2a; -1 73. -5t 2 - t + 1; -5
3y + 3z x2
   256 144
2g 10
89. x 91. x 93. x = 4 16 95. x 3 + 3x 2 + 2x 97. a = 2
2. 12a 3 + 15a 2 - 16a 3. -2x 2 - x 74. 6v 4 + 12v + 3; 6 75. -2x 2 + x +
3
 43. __
1
4
45. __
b
2
47. - __
5
3
49. ____
7 95. x = 4 97. 1.728 × 10 -6 99. 15
k x
3 4. -0.05x 2 + 46x - 3200 103. quadratic monomial 5; -2 76. -2w 6 - w 3 + w 2 - w; -2
51. s 5t 12 53. 1 55. __
1
57. _____
h 101. no 103. 7,800,000 105. 98.3
q2 2
6m k 77. linear binomial 78. quintic
Possible answer: solutions: (-6, 6), 59. __
1
61. - _16_ 63. 3 65. 3 67. __
a 3
Exercises 1. -3a 2 + 9a 3. 0.26r 4 + 7-8
7-4 monomial 79. quadratic trinomial
(-10, 0); not solutions: (0, 0), (4, -4) 16 2
b
0.32r 3 5. 3b 3c 7. 23n 3 + 3n + 15
69. ___
w 2
__
5
y 71. - 6 73. 2a b 75.
3 _____
1
3 Check It Out! 1a. x 2 + 12x + 36 80. cubic polynomial 81. quartic
56. y y 8 12
3x y Check It Out! 1a. ___
n
1b. __
1
1c. m 5 9. 9x 2 - x - 6 11. 4c 4 + 8c + 6
79. never 81. sometimes m5 y3 1b. 25a2 + 10ab + b2 1c. 1 + 2c 3 + c6 trinomial 82. constant monomial
 n 31d. __
3
2. 1.1 × 10 -2 3. $12,800 13. -3r + 11 15. 8a 2 + 5a + 9
83. sometimes 87. 81 89. 1 91. -3 16 2a. x 2 - 14x + 49 2b. 9b 2 - 12bc + 83. quintic trinomial 84. 7th-degree
x 17. 12n 2 + 6n - 3m 19. d 5 + 1
4c 2 2c. a 4 - 8a 2 + 16 3a. x 2 - 64
6 5 20 3 3
93. -1 95. D 97. A 103. -2 4a. __
2
, or __
64
4b. _____
a b
4c. __
a
5a. __
9
, polynomial 85. -4t + 3
  3 4 81 10 15
c d 3 3
b 4 21. 5x 23. 2x 3 - 5 25. 10t 2 + t
105. 4 107. 28 111. y = _31_ x + 5
8 12 3b. 9 - 4y 4 3c. 81 - r 2 4. 25 86. -6x 6 - x 5 87. 3h 3 - 3h 2 + 5
 or ___
729
64
5b. ____
b c
4
5c. __
t
4 27. x 5 + x 4 29. -2t 3 + 8t 2
113. y = -4x + 9
16a s 88. 2m 2 - 5m - 1 89. p 2 + 5p + 8
31. -6m 3 + 2m 2 + 5m + 3 Exercises 3. 4 + 4x + x 2 5. 4x 2 +
Exercises 1. 25 3. 3 5. 7 × 10 2 7. 1 2
90. -7z 2 - z + 10 91. 3g + 2g + 4
Possible answer: solutions: (0, 0),
2
33. 4w 2 + 6w + 4 35. t - 5 24x + 36 7. 4a 2 + 28ab + 49b 2
7-2 9. __
4
11. ____
1
13. __
16
15. ___
2b
17. 27 92. -x 2 + 4x + 8 93. 8r 2
(-5, 0); not solutions: (8, 0), (3, -3)
25 6 4
a b 9 2
3a 37. 2n -2 39. 6x 2 - x - 1 9. x 2 - 4x + 4 11. 64 - 16x + x 2
19. x 5 21. 5 × 10 -7 23. 7 × 10 -3 13. 49a 2 - 28ab + 4b 2 15. x 2 - 36 94. 6a 6b 95. 18x 3y 2 96. 3s 6t14
Check It Out! 1a. 0.01 1b. 100,000 y3 41. -u 3 + 3u 2 + 3u + 6 43. x = _32_,
57. y
25. 2 × 10 27
kg 27. a 12
___ 29. __
17. 4x 4 - 9 19. 4x 2 - 25y 2 97. 2x 2 - 8x + 12 98. -3a 2b 2 +
 1c. 10,000,000,000 2a. 10 8 2b. 10 -4 b6 x6 or 1.5 45. B is incorrect 47. 3x + 6
y 25 5
21. x 2 + 6x + 9 23. x 4 + 2x 2y 2 + y 4 6a 3b 2 - 15a 2b 99. a 2 - 3a - 18
2c. 10 -1 3a. 85,340,000 3b. 0.00163 31. ___ 33. ___
196
35. 2d 2 37. ___
3x
49. 6x + 14 51. 2x 2 + x - 5 55. G
x x10 2
9x 4
25. 4 + 12x + 9x 2 27. s 4 - 14s 2 + 49 100. b 2 - 6b - 27 101. x 2 -
4a. 1.43 × 10 5 km 4b. 13,000 m/s c4 57. 3x 2 - 2 69. b 11 71. 9z 12
   39. __ 41. __
25
43. ___
1
45. -1 12x + 20 102. t 2 - 1 103. 8q 2 +
5. 2 × 10 -12, 4 × 10 -3, 5.2 × 10 -3, a4 2
p 100 29. a 2 - 16a + 64 31. 9x 2 - 24x +
47. 2000: 3 × 10; 1995: 2.84 × 10; 7-7 16 33. a 2 - 100 35. 49x 2 - 9 34q + 30 104. 20g 2 - 37g + 8
 3 × 10 14, 4.5 × 10 14, 4.5 × 10 30
1990: 2.65 × 10 1 51. 3 53. 3; 4 37. 25a 4 - 81 39. π x 2 + 8π x + 16π 105. p 2 - 8p + 16 106. x 2 + 24x +
Possible answer: solutions: (-6, 2), Exercises 3. 0.00001 5. 100,000,000 55. B 57. A 59. 3 61. m; (-n); Check It Out! 1a. 18x 5 1b. 10r 2t 4 144 107. m 2 + 12m + 36 108. 9c 2
41. x 2 + 2xy + y 2 43. x 4 - 16
(-8, 1); not solutions: (0, 0), (4, 1) 7. 10 -6 9. 650,300,000 11. 0.092 m; -n; Definition of negative 1c. 4x 5y 5z 7 2a. 8x 2 + 2x + 6 + 42c + 49 109. 4r 2 - 4r + 1
45. x 4 - 8x 2 + 16 47. 1 + 2x + x 2
58. y 13. 5.85 × 10 -3, 2.5 × 10 -1, exponent; an 63. 1 65. 12 67 x = - _12_ 2b. 15a 3b + 3ab 2 2c. 5r 3s 2 - 15r 2s 3 110. 9a 2 - 6ab + b 2 111. 4n 2 -
 49. x 6 - 2a 3x 3 + a 6 51. 36a 2 -
8.5 × 10 -1, 3.6 × 10 8, 8.5 × 10 8 69. 1 71. -125x 12 3a. a 2 - a - 12 3b. x 2 - 6x + 9 20n + 25 112. h 2 - 26h + 169
25b 2 53. 4; 4 55. 25; 25 57. 9; 9
 15. 0.000000001 3c. 2a 2 + 7ab 2 - 4b 4 4a. x 3 - x 2 - 113. x 2 - 1 114. z 2 - 225
  59. -5; -5 61. 840 65. 1, 4, 9, 16,
 17. 100,000,000,000,000 19. 10 6 7-5 6x + 18 4b. 3x 3 - 4x 2 + 11x + 10 115. c 4 - d 2 116. 9k 4 - 49
25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100 67. B
21. 92,000 23. 0.00042 5a. x 2 - 4x 5b. 12 m 2
Check It Out! 1a. 3 1b. 1 1c. 3 69. D 71. x 3 + 4x 2 - 16x - 64
25. 10,000,000,000,000 27. 1.23 × 2a. 1 2b. 5 3a. x 5 + 9x 3 - 4x 2 + Exercises 1. 14x 6 3. 3r 5s 5t 5 73. b = ± 2 √c 75. 13 cm
Possible answer: solutions: (8, -8), 10 -3, 1.32 × 10 -3, 3.12 × 10 -3, 16; 1 3b. -3y 8 + 18y 5 + 14y; -3 5. 21x 7y 3 7. 4x 2 + 8x + 4 Chapter 8
(9, 0); not solutions: (0, 0), (0, -4) 2.13 × 10 -1, 2.13 × 10 1, 3.12 × 10 2 4a. cubic polynomial 4b. constant 9. 6a 5b 2 + 2a 4b 3 Study Guide: Review
59. y 29. 2.7 × 10 7 31. 2.35 × 10 5 monomial 4c. 8th degree trinomial 11. 10x 3y 4 - 5x 2y 2 13. x 2 - x- 2 1. cubic 2. standard form of a 8-1
 33. 6 × 10 -7 35. 4.12 × 10 -2 5. 1606 ft 15. x 2 - 4x + 4 17. 4a 4 - 2ab polynomial 3. monomial
x 37. yes 39. no; 2.5 × 10 2 41. yes - 12a 3b 2 + 6b 3 19. x 3 + 3x 2 - 7x
Check It Out! 1a. 2 3 · 5 1b. 3 · 11
4. trinomial 5. scientific notation
 43. yes 47. 10 -3 51. F 55. Let Exercises 1. d 3. a 5. 3 7. 0 9. 8 1c. 7 2 1d. 19 2a. 4 2b. 5 3a. 9g 2
  + 15 21. -6x 4 + 12x 3 + 4x 2 - 18x 6. __
1
in. 7. 1 8. 1 9. ___
1
10. _____
1
,
m = number of minutes; m ≥ 45. 11. 3 13. 4 15. -8a 9 + 9a 8; -8 32 125 10,000 3b. 1 3c. 1 4. 7
+ 20 23. x 3 - 4x 2 - 4x - 5 or 0.0001 11. __
1
12. ___
1
13. __
27

59. (-2, 1) 61. __1
63. ___
3 17. 3x 2 + 2x - 1; 3 19. 5c 4 + 5c 3 + 16 256 4
16 125 25a. 2x 2 - 3x b. 20 in2 27. -12r5s 5 Exercises 3. 3 2 · 2 2 5. 3 3 · 2 7. 7
3c 2 - 4; 5 21. linear binomial 14. ___
1
15. b 16. - ____
1
17. 2b 6c 4
60. y 29. 10a 4 31. -6a 5b 6 33. -12a 7b 7c 8 m 2 2 4
2x y (prime) 9. 3 · 5 2 11. 7 13. x 2
7-3 23. quartic polynomial 25. quartic 2 3
 35. 9s 2 + 54s 37. 27x 3 - 12x 2 18. ___
3a
2
19. ___
s
2
20. 10,000,000 15. 1 17. 2 · 3 2 19. 2 2 · 3
trinomial 27. 4 29. 6 31. 7 33. 1 4c qr
x Check It Out! 1a. 7 12 1b. 3 × 5 10 39. 10s 3t 3 - 15s 2t 5 41. -10x 3 + 21. 0.00001 22. 10 2 23. 10 -11 21. 17 23. 7 2 25. 9 27. 10 29. 9s
5 35. 4 37. 2 39. 3 41. 4.9t 3 - 4t 2 +
  1c. ___
m
1d. __
1
2. 6.696 × 10 8 mi 15x 2 + 5x 43. -14x 6y 3 + 7x 5y 4 24. 325,000 25. 1800 26. 0.17 31. 5 33. 4x 2 35. 2n 39. 15
n 4 7
x t + 2.5; 4.9 43. x 10 + x 7 - x 5 +
3a. 3 20 3b. 1 3c. a 18 4a. 64p 3 45. x 2 + 8x + 16 47. 5x 2 + 13x - 6 27. 0.000299 28. 5.8 × 10 -7, rows 41. 8 and 20; 4 43. 63 and
 x 3 - x; 1 45. 5x 3 + 3x 2 + 5x - 4; 5
4b. 25t 4 4c. __
1 49. 10x 2 - x - 2 51. 7x 2 - 52x - 32 6.3 × 10 -3, 2.2 × 10 2, 1.2 × 10 4 105; 21 45. 54 and 72; 18 47. 36; 2;
4
y 47. -d 3 + 3d 2 + 4d + 5; -1
53. x 3 - x 2 - x + 10 29. $38,500,000,000 30. 5 9 9; 3 49. 105; 5; 7 51. 2; 2; 27; 3
Exercises 1. 2 5 3. n 8 5. 7.5 × 10 8 49. -x 5 - x 3 + 4x 2 + 1; -1

S94 Selected Answers Selected Answers S95

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S16 5/25/06 7:38:59

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S95 5/30/06 12:01:43 PM

61. 9y 63. 2p 2r 65. 4a 2b 3 69. 24 2d. (x - 8)(x - 5) 3a. (x + 5)(x - 3) Exercises 1. (2x + 5)(x + 2) 25. yes; (9 - 10x 2)(9 + 10x 2) Study Guide: Review 79. (3x + 2)(3x + 4)
71. 25% 73. no 75. 3x 2 + 14x - 3 3b. (x - 4)(x - 2) 3c. (x - 10)(x + 2) 3. (5x - 3)(x + 2) 5. (3x + 4)(x - 6) 27. 49 29. 4y 2 80. (2x + 1)(x - 1)
1. prime factorization 2. greatest
4. 7. (x + 2)(5x + 1) 31. (10x + 9y)(10x - 9y); difference 81. (3x + 1)(x - 4)
n n 2 - 7n + 10 common factor 3. 2 2 · 3 4. 2 2 · 5
8-2 9. (4x - 5)(x - 1) of 2 squares 33. (2r 3 + 5s 3) 82. (2x - 1)(x - 5)
0 0 2 - 7 (0) + 10 = 10 (2r 3 - 5s 3); difference of 2 squares 5. 2 5 6. prime 7. 2 3 · 5 8. 2 6
83. (7x + 2)(x - 3)
Check It Out! 1a. b(5 + 9b 2) 11. (5x + 4)(x + 1)
9. 2 · 3 · 11 10. 2 · 3 · 19 11. 5
1b. cannot be factored 1 1 2 - 7(1) + 10 = 4 13. (2a - 1)(2a + 5) 35. (x 7 + 12)(x 7 - 12); difference of 84. (5x + 1)(x - 2)
12. 12 13. 1 14. 27 15. 4 16. 3
1c. -y 2(18y + 7) 2 2 2 - 7(2) + 10 = 0 15. (2x - 3)(x + 2) 2 squares 39. c = 32 41a. 5z - 4 85. -1(2x - 1)(3x + 2)
17. 2x 18. 9b 2 19. 25r 20. 6 boxes;
1d. 2x 2(4x 2 + 2x - 1) 17. (10x + 1)(x - 1) b. 20z - 16 c. 11; 44; 121 86. (6x + 5)(x - 1)
3 3 2 - 7(3) + 10 = -2 13 rows 21. 5x(1 - 3x 2)
2. 2x cm; (x + 2) cm 19. (2x + 3)(4 - x) 43a. 0; 0; 100; 100; 0 b. 16; 16; 36; 87. (3x - 2)(2x + 7)
4 4 2 - 7(4) + 10 = -2 22. 16(-b + 2) 23. -7(2v + 3)
3a. (4s - 5)(s + 6) 3b. (7x + 1)(2x + 3) 21. -1(5x + 3)(x - 2) 36; -24 c. 25; 25; 25; 25; -25 88. -1(2x + 1)(2x - 5)
24. 4(a 2 - 3a - 2)
3c. cannot be factored 3d. (5x - 2)2 ( n - 5 ) ( n - 2) 23. -1(2x - 1)(2x + 5) d. 36; 36; 16; 16; -24 e. 100; 100; 0; 89. -1(2x - 3)(5x + 2)
n 25. 5g(g 2 - 3)(g 2 + 1)
4a. (2b 2 + 3)(3b + 4) 25. (3x + 2)(3x + 1) 0; 0 45. a - b; a + b 47. C 49. 1 90. 12x 2 - 11x - 5; (4x - 5)(3x + 1)
0 (0 - 5)(0 - 2) = 10 26. 10(4p 2 - p + 3)
4b. (4r + 1)(r 2 + 6) 27. (n + 2)(3n + 2) 51a. a = 2; b = (v + 2) 91. yes; (x + 6)2 92. no; 5x ≠ 2(x)(5)
(1 - 5)(1 - 2) = 4 27. (6x + 5) ft by x ft 28. (2x + 9)
5a. (5x 2 - 4)(3 - 2x)
1 29. (4c - 5)(c - 3) b. [2 + (v + 2)][2 - (v + 2)] = 93. no; -2x ≠ 2(2x)(1)
(x - 4)
5b. (8 - x)(y - 1) 2 (2 - 5)(2 - 2) = 0 31. (2x + 5)(4x + 1) (v + 4)(-v) = -v 2 - 4v 53. a = 3y; 94. yes; (3x + 2)2 95. no; 8x ≠
29. (t - 6)(3t + 5)
3 (3 - 5)(3 - 2) = -2 33. (5x - 6)(x + 3) b = y; (3y - 4)(9y 2 + 12y + 16) 2(4x)(2) 96. yes; (x + 7)2 97. yes;
Exercises 1. 5a(3 - a) 3. 7(-5x + 6) 30. (5 - 3n)(6 - n)
35. (10n - 7)(n - 1) 55. D: {5, 4, 3, 2}; R: {2, 1, 0, -1}; yes (10x - 9)(10x + 9) 98. No; 2 is
5. 2h(6h 3 + 4h - 3) 7. m(9m + 1) 4 (4 - 5)(4 - 2) = -2 31. (b + 2)(b + 4)
37. (7x + 1)(x + 2) 57. D: {2}; R: {-8, -2, 4, 10}; no not a perfect square. 99. No; 5
9. 3(12f + 6f 2 + 1) 11. 16t(-t + 20) 32. (x 2 + 7)(x - 3)
Exercises 1. (x + 4)(x + 9) 39. (3x - 4)(x - 5) 59. 6a 3 + 14a 2 - 10a 61. t 2 - 8t + 16 and 10 are not perfect squares.
13. (2b + 5)(b + 3) 33. (n 2 + 1)(n - 4)
3. (x + 4)(x + 10) 5. (x + 2)(x + 8) 41. (x - 7)(4x - 3) 63. 8 100. yes; (-12 + x 3)(-12 - x 3)
15. (x 2 + 2)(x + 4) 34. (2b + 5)(3b - 4)
7. (x - 1)(x - 6) 9. (x - 3)(x - 8) 43. (4y - 1)(3y + 5) 101. no; must have a minus
17. (2b 2 + 5)(2b - 3) 35. (2h 2 - 7)(h + 7)
11. (x + 9)(x - 3) 13. (x - 2)(x + 1) 45. (2x - 1)(2x + 3) 8-6 sign 102. yes; (10p - 5q)(10p + 5q)
19. (7r 2 + 6)(r - 5) 15. (x - 9)(x + 5) 17. (x + 3)(x + 10) 47. (3x + 5)(x - 3) 36. (3t + 1)(t + 6) 103. (x - 5)(x + 5); difference of 2
Check It Out! 1a. yes 1b. no;
21. 2(r - 2)(r - 3) 37. (5m - 1)(2m + 3)
2
19. (x + 4)(x + 12) 49. -1(2x - 3)(2x + 5) 4(x + 1) 2 2a. 4x(x + 2) 2 squares 104. (x + 10) 2; perfect-
23. (7q - 2)(2q - 3) 21. (x + 2)(x + 14) 23. (x - 1)(x - 5) 51. -1(3x - 2)(x + 1) 38. (4p - 3)(2p 2 + 1) square trinomial 105. (j - k2)(j + k2);
2b. 2y(x - y)(x + y)
25. (2m 2 - 3)(m - 3) 27. 9y(y + 5) 25. (x - 4)(x - 8) 27. (x + 7)(x - 3) 53. 2x 2 - 5x + 2; (x - 2)(2x - 1) 39. -1(r - 5)(r - 2) difference of 2 squares
3a. (3x + 4)(x + 1)
29. x 2(-14x 2 + 5) 29. (x - 13)(x + 1) 31. (x - 7)(x + 5) 55. (9n + 8)(n + 1) 40. (b 2 - 5)(b - 3) 106. (3x - 7)2; perfect-square
3b. 2p 3(p + 6)(p - 1)
31. -d 2(4d 2 - d + 3) 33. C 35. D 37. They are inverse 57. (2x - 1)(2x - 5) 41. (t + 4)(-t 2 + 6) trinomial 107. (9x + 8) 2;
33. 7c(3c + 2) 35. -5g 2(g + 3) 3c. 3q 4(3q + 4)(q + 2) 3d. 2(x 4 + 9)
operations. 39. (x - 2)(x - 9) 59. (3x + 8)(x + 2) 42. -1(3h - 1)(h - 4) perfect-square trinomial
37. cannot be factored 41. (x + 1)(x + 9) 43. (x + 6)(x + 7) 61. (3x + 4)(2x - 3) Exercises 1. yes 3. yes 5. no; 43. -1(d - 1) 44. (2 - b)(5b - 6)
2
108. (4b 2 - 11c 3)(4b 2 + 11c 3);
39. (6y + 1)(y - 7) 45. (x + 2)(x + 9) 47. (x - 3)(x + 8) 63. (2x - 3)(2x - 3) 4(2p 2 + 1)(2p 2 - 1) 45. (t + 1)(5 - t) difference of 2 squares
41. (-3 + 4b)(b + 2) 49. (x - 5)(x + 9) 51. approximately 65. (2x + 3)(3x + 2) 7. 3x 3(x + 2)(x - 2) 9. 2p(2q + 1) 2 46. (2b 2 + 5)(4 - b) 109. no; 2(2x + 3)(x + 1)
43. (2a 2 + 3)(a - 4) 1.5 55. x 2 + 6x + 8; (x + 4)(x + 2) 69a. -16t 2 + 20t + 6 11. mn(n 2 + m)(n 2 - m) 47. -1(3r - 1)(r - 1) 110. yes
45. (6x 2 + 1)(x + 3) 57. Positive; - , - ; Both negative b. -2(4t + 1)(2t - 3) c. 10 ft 71. D 13. 3x 2(2x - 3)(x + 1) 48. left rectangle: 2x 2 + 3x; right 111. no; (b 2 + 9)(b - 3)(b + 3)
47. (n 2 + 5)(n - 2) 59. Negative; + , - ; Positive; 73. B 77. B 79. A 81. (2x + 1) 15. (p 3 + 1)(p 2 + 3) rectangle: 8x + 12; combined: 112. yes 113. (2x - 8)(2x + 8)
49. (2m 2 - 3)(m - 1) negative 61a. d = t 2 b. d = 4t (2x + 1) 83. (9x + 1)(9x + 1) 17. unfactorable 19. no; 2x 2 + 8x + 3x + 12; (2x + 3)(x + 4) 114. 3b 3(b - 4)(b + 2)
51. (2f 2 - 5)(3f - 4) c. t(t - 4) 63. true 65. false 67. 4 85. (5x + 2)(5x + 2) 87. -7; -5; 5; 7 2xy(y 2 - 4y + 5) 49. (x + 1)(x + 5) 50. (x + 2)(x + 4) 115. a 2b 3(a - b)(a + b)
53. (b 2 - 2)(b + 4) 55. 3v 69. 4 71a. (x + 10) ft b.
= (x + 14) ft; 89. -6; 6 95. (x + 1)(x - 9) 21. no; 3n 2(n + 5)(n - 5) 23. yes 51. (x + 3)(x + 5) 52. (x - 6)(x - 2) 116. t 4 (t 8 + 1)(t 4 + 1)(t 2 + 1)
57. 2k 59. 2; binomial; x(x + 5) w = (x + 6) ft c. A = (x 2 + 20x + 84) ft2 25. -4x(x - 3)2 27. 5(d - 3)(d - 9) 53. (x + 5) 2 54. (x - 2)(x - 11) (t + 1)(t - 1) 117. 5(x + 3)(x + 1)
61. 3; trinomial; a 2(a 2 + a + 1) 73. D 75. C 77. (x + 9)(x + 9) 8-5 29. 2x(7x + 5y)(7x - 5y) 55. (x + 4)(x + 20) 56. (x - 6)(x - 20) 118. 2x 2(x - 5)(x + 5)
63a. 100x 3; 200x 2; 400x 79. (d 2 + 21)(d 2 + 1) Check It Out! 1a. (x + 2)2 31. unfactorable 57. (x + 12)(x - 7) 58. (x + 3)(x - 8) 119. 2(s + 4)(t + 4)
b. 100x 3 + 200x 2 + 400x + 800 81. (de - 5)(de + 4) 83. 16; 11; 29 1b. ( x - 7) 2 1c. no; -6x ≠ 2(3x)(2) 33. (p 2 + 4)(p + 2)(p - 2) 59. (x + 4)(x - 7) 60. (x - 1)(x + 5) 120. 5m(5m + 2)(m - 4)
c. 100(x 2 + 4)(x + 2); $1603.12 85a. (x + 7) ft b. (4x + 26) ft c. $92.00 61. (x + 3)(x - 2) 62. (x + 5)(x - 4) 121. 4x(4x 2 + 1)(2x - 3)
2. 4(3x + 1) m; 40 m 35. (k 2 + 3)(2k + 3) 37. x 2 + 12x +
67. The sum of opposite binomials d. $36.96 e. $128.96 87. x 5 89. t 12 3a. (1 - 2x)(1 + 2x) 36 = (x + 6)2 39. s 2 - 16s + 28 = 63. (x - 8)(x + 6) 64. (x - 9)(x + 4) 122. 6s 2t (s + t 2)
is 0. 69a. Commutative Property 91. (x + 2)(x 2 + 5) 3b. (p 4 + 7q 3)(p 4 - 7q 3) 3c. no; 4y 5 (s - 2)(s - 14) 41. b 2 - 49 = 65. (x - 12)(x + 6) 123. 2(m + 3)(m - 3)(5m + 2)
of Addition b. Associative Property 93. (p - 2)(2p 3 + 7) is not a perfect square. (b + 7)(b - 7) 45. (3x - 1)(x + 7) 66. (x - 10)(x + 7)
of Addition c. Distributive
47. (3x + y - 3)(3x - y - 7) 67. (x + 20)(x - 6)
Property d. Distributive Property 8-4 Exercises 1. yes; (x - 2)2 3. yes; 68. (x + 7)(x - 1) 69. (y + 3) m Chapter 9
53. 8 55. C 57. C 59a. V =
71. D 73. C 75. -9ab(8ab + 5) (3x - 2)2 5. yes; (x - 3) 2 70. (2x + 1)(x + 5)
Check It Out! 1a. (3x + 1)(2x + 3) 8pπ(3p + 1)2 b. r = (3p + 1) cm
77. (a + c)(b + d) 7. 4(x + 12); 88 yd 9. yes; 71. (3x + 7)(x + 1)
1b. (3x + 4)(x - 2) 9-1
79. (x 2 + 3)(x - 4) 83. 2 2 · 13 c. h = 8 cm; V = 128π cm 3
(s + 4)(s - 4) 11. yes; 72. (2x - 1)(x - 1)
2a. (2x + 5)(3x + 1) 61. h 2(h 4 + 1)(h 2 + 1)
85. 2 3 · 3
2b. (3x - 4)(3x - 1)
(2x 2 + 3y)(2x 2 - 3y) 73. (3x + 2)(x + 2)
Check It Out! 1a. Yes; the second
13. yes; (x + 3)(x - 3) 15. No; the
3 3 63. x n + 3(x 2 + x + 1) 65. -2n differences are constant. 1b. Yes;
2c. (3x + 4)(x + 3) 74. (5x + 3)(x + 5)
8-3 last term must be positive. 17. no; 67. 12.3r 69. __ 23
= __3x ; 34.5 cm the function can be written in the
3a. (3x - 1)(2x + 3)
2 75. (2x - 3)(3x - 5)
10x ≠ 2(5)(2) 19. yes; (4x - 5)2 71. (2x - 1)(2x + 3) form y = ax 2 + bx + c.
Check It Out! 1a. (x + 4)(x + 6) 3b. (4n + 3)(n - 1) 76. (4x + 5)(x + 2)
1b. (x + 4)(x + 3) 2a. (x + 6)(x + 2) 21. yes; (1 + 2x)(1 - 2x) 23. No; 77. (3x + 4)(x + 2)
4a. -1(2x + 3)(3x + 4)
2b. (x - 6)(x + 1) 2c. (x + 6)(x + 7) x and y are not perfect squares. 78. (7x - 2)(x - 5)
4b. -1(3x + 2)(x + 5)

S96 Selected Answers Selected Answers S97

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S18 5/25/06 7:39:12

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S19 pages S94–S97 Selected Answers 947
5/25/06 7:39:20 PM
 2a. y 13. (1, 8) 15. (-2, -2) 17. (-2, -9) 11. y is dropped from 256 ft reaches the about 4.2 ft by 8.4 ft 41. A 43. Study Guide: Review
  x
19. no zeros 21. -8, -2 ground in 4 s. The baseball that sometimes 45a. a must be greater
  1. vertex 2. minimum; maximum
23. x = 6 25. x = - _12_ 27. x = 5 is dropped from 16 ft reaches the than 0. b. a must be equal to 0. c.
3. zero of a function 4. discriminant
29. (-3.5, -12.25) 31. (-2, 5) ground in 1 s. 11. f(x), g(x) 13. f(x), a must be less than 0. 47. no; x =
√ of a quadratic equation
x 33. (1, 4.5) 35. x = 0. 37. 0 39. 2 
h (x), g (x) 19. always 21. never ±___
2
2
, irrational 49. yes; x = ± __12 ,
5. completing the square 6. Yes; it
   41. B 43. 2 45. 25 ft; 100 ft  25. f (x) = 3x 2 - 6 39. D 41. 0 rational 53. H 55. ± __14
is in standard form. 7. No; there
47. y = -2x + 3 49. y = -4x + 2 43a. f (x) = x 2 - 7 b. f (x) = -x 2 + 2 57. ± __
8
59. 13 61. 2, 4 63. -2, 7
13. y 11 is no ax 2 term. 8. Yes; it is in
2b. y 51. yes c. f (x) = __12 x 2 + 1 45. no correlation
x  standard form. 9. No; a quadratic
9-8
  9-3  9-5 function does not have a term to
x Check It Out! 1a. 36 1b. __
25
4
1c. 16 the third power.
Check It Out! 
Check It Out! 1a. x = -4 1b. no 2a. -9, -1 2b. 4 ± √ 21 3a. - __13 , 2
 10. y
 zeros 1c. x = -2 or x = 2 2. 2 s 3b. no real solutions 4. 16.4 ft by

1a. y

15. x = 4; (4, -16) 17. x = 0; (0,4) Exercises 1. zeros, x-intercepts 24.4 ft
3a. Because a < 0, the parabola x
opens downward. 3b. Because   (
19. x = - __12 ; - _12_, - __
15
4 ) 21. vertex: 3. -4, 4 5. 6 7. -2, 4 9. -1 Exercises 3. 4 5. -5, -1 7. -6, 5 x
a > 0, the parabola opens upward. (0, 0); axis of symmetry x = 0 11. no real solutions 13. no real
9. 1, 9 11. ________
-5 ± 3 √
5
13. no real   
4a. Vertex: (-2, 5); maximum: 5  23. vertex: (3, -5); axis of symmetry solutions 15. x = -4 or x = 4 2
solutions 15. 4 ± √ 10 17. 7.2 m;
4b. Vertex: (3, -1); minimum: -1 x = 3 25. vertex: (0, -4); axis of 17. x = _21_ or x = 5 19. x = -3 11. y
1b. 11.2 m 19. 1 21. -2, 12  x
5a. D: all real numbers; R: y ≥ 4 y symmetry x = 0 27b. D: {x | 0 ≤ 21. no real solutions 23. no real
23. -13, -2 25. -6, 8 27. -2, 3  
5b. D: all real numbers; R: y ≤ 3  x ≤ 3.16}; R: {y | 0 ≤ x ≤ 50} c. 3.16 s solutions 25. always 27. always
-1 ± √
5 
-15 ± √105
29. _______ 31. _________ 33. 4 in.
35a. h(t) = -16t 2 + 45t + 50 29. never 31a. 4 s b. 10 ft 33. 1.4 s 2 2
Exercises 1. minimum 3. yes 35. -1, 1 41. C 45. no real solutions
x b. (1.4, 81.6) 37. A 39. D 41. -1 35.  37. -3, __12 39. -10, 2
1 ± √7
5. no 47. x ≈ -1.6 or x ≈ 0.86 49. y =
  43. 3; 6 45. none; 3 47. (3, -1) 41. 81 43. __
49
4
45. 9 47a. ( 10 + 2x)
7. y
49. (-1, -16) 51. (-1, 4) -3x - 2 51. 27 53. x 11 55. a 3b 3 (24 + 2x)= 640 b. 3 ft 12. y
 2. maximum height: 9 ft at 0.75 s; 27b 2
57. ____

6
8a 51. -6 ± 3 √3 53. -6 55. no real
time it takes to reach the pool: 1.5 s 9-4 
 solutions 57. no real solutions
x Exercises 1. y
9-6 61a. -16t 2 + 64t + 32 = 0 b. 4
 Check It Out! 1a. f(x), g(x) 1b. g(x), 
   x f (x), h (x) 2a. same width, same Check It Out! 1a. 0, -4 1b. -4, 3 c. ≈4.4 s 63. B 65. B 67. - __23 , _32_ x
2a. 3 2b. 1, -5 2c. - __53 2d. _13_, 1 √
7 √
7  
   axis of symmetry, opens upward, 69. - __23 - ___ , - __23 + ___ 71. 0, - __ab 
9. y 3 3
 x vertex is translated 4 units 3. 1.5 s 77. x 2 - 8x + 16 79. t 2 - 8t + 16
   down 2b. narrower, same axis of Exercises 1. -2, 8 3. -7, -9 81. 64b - 4 83. ±1 85. ±4 87. ±15
4
13. y

symmetry, opens upward, vertex is 5. -11, 0 7. -6, 2 9. 2, 3 89. ±1.55 91. ±5.10 93. ±1.48 x
3. y translated 9 units up 2c. wider, same  
x 11. -8, -2 13. 4 15. 6 17. 8
axis of symmetry, opens upward, 9-9
   19. 1 s 21. -4, -7 23. 0, 9
11. upward; a > 0 13. upward;  vertex is translated 2 units up 25. - _12_, _13_ 27. -2, 4 29. -5 Check It Out! 1a. 2, - __13 1b. 2, -_15_
a > 0 15. downward; a < 0 3a. The graph of the ball that is 31. -2 33. 1 35. 1 37. 1 39. A is 2. ≈ 0.13, ≈ 3.87 3a. 0 3b. 1 3c. 2
17. (-3, -4); minimum: -4 19. D:  dropped from a height of 100 ft is correct 41. 6 m 43. 6 s 45. no 4. No; for the equation 45 = 14. upward 15. downward
all real numbers; R: y ≤ 4 21. D: all a vertical translation of the graph 47a. 3 s b. 64 ft c. yes 49. F -16t 2 + 20t + 0, the discriminant is 16. (-2, -4); minimum: -4
5. y of the ball that is dropped from
real numbers; R: y ≥ -4 23. yes  51. -5, -1 53. __21 , -3 55. -2, 5 negative, so the weight will not ring 17. -5 and 2 18. -1 and 2
25. yes 31. upward; a > 0 x a height of 16 ft. The y-intercept 57. 3x 59. f - 4 61. 11 63. -10 the bell. 5a. -2, -5 5b. -2, 7 19. x = 6; (6, 4) 20. x = -1;
33. vertex: (0, -5); minimum: -5   of the graph of the ball that is 65. -7, 7 67. 3, 5 5c. ≈-4.39, ≈2.39 (-1, -18)
 dropped from 100 ft is 84 units
35. D: all real; numbers; R: y ≤ 0 21. y
37. D: all real numbers; R: y ≥ -2  higher. 3b. The ball that is dropped 9-7 Exercises 1. no 3. __12 , 3 5. -4, -10
39. never 41. always from 16 ft reaches the ground in 7. -__1 _3_
, 9. ≈-5.45, ≈-0.55
2 2 x
7. Maximum height: 144 ft at 3 s; 1 s. The ball that is dropped from
Check It Out! 1a. ±11 1b. 0 1c. no 11. ≈1.14, ≈-1.47 13. ≈-1.85,
43. sometimes 45. no 47. yes   
time in the air: 6 s real solutions 2a. no real solutions ≈1.35 15. 1 17. 0 19. 2 21. 0
49. yes 53. quadratic 55. quadratic 100 ft reaches the ground in 2.5 s. 
9. y 2b. ± __61 3a. ±9.49 3b. ±5.66 3c. no 23. yes 25. -3 27. - _12_ 29. -3, __32
57. neither 59. linear 61b. t ≥ 0 Exercises 1. f (x), g (x) 3. h (x), real solutions 4. 45 ft 31. 1, 9 33. ≈0.27, ≈3.73
c. 16 ft d. 2 s 65. C 67. yes g (x), f (x) 5. same width, same axis x
x 35. ≈2.78, ≈-0.72 37. 2 22. y
71. (-2)4 73. 42 _34_ mi  of symmetry, opens upward, vertex Exercises 1. ±15 3. no real    
 
solutions 5. no real solutions 7. ±5 39. no 41. -5, 3 43. no real
is translated 6 units up 7. wider,
9-2  9. no real solutions 11. ±2 solutions 45. 2 solutions; -2, _14_
same axis of symmetry, opens
13. ±5.20 15. ±4.47 17. ±13 47. 1 solution; __23 49. 2 x-intercepts;
Check It Out! 1a. no zeros upward, same vertex _7_, -3 51. 1 x-intercept; 5 57. A 
1b. 3 2a. x = -3 2b. x = 1 9a. h 1(t) = -16t 2 + 16, h 2(t) = 19. no real solutions 21. no real 2

3. x = - _14_ 4. (2, -14) 5. 7 ft -16t 2 + 256; The graph of h 2 is a solutions 23. ± _29_ 25. ± _58_ 27. ± __
13
7
59a. 1 b. -1 c. -1 d. -1 63. -10, 4 
vertical translation of the graph 29. ±4.69 31. ±10.20 33. ±7.07 65. (r 3 + t)(s 2 + 5)
Exercises 3. -1 5. no zeros of h 1. The y-intercept of h 2 is 240 35. 6.1 s 37. a = -6 and b 67. (n 4 - 2)(n - 6) 69. f (x), g (x)
7. x = 2 9. x = -2 11. x = - _34_ units higher. b. The baseball that = -3 or a = 6 and b = 3 39.

S98 Selected Answers Selected Answers S99

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a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
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23. 
y 35. y Chapter 10 3. 6ACATION 11a. 21. mean: 5.4; median: 5; mode: 5;
x range: 1 23. mean: _12_; median: __12 ;
 Cumulative
  
 mode: none; range: 1 25. mean: -2 __13 ;
  10-1 Interval Frequency Frequency
median: -2 _12_; mode: -3; range: 2

 36–38 4 4 27. mean: 51.8; median: 51;
x Check It Out! 1a. bread
.UMBER

     39–41 6 10 mode: 51; range: 2 31a. mean:

1b. cheese and mayonnaise
24. y x x = -3 2. 2001, 2002, and 2005; about  42–44 5 15 5.6875; median: 5.65; mode: 5.55;
   13,000 3. about 18°F 4. Prices range: 0.4 b. 5.95 m c. mean
36. y  45–47 1 16
increased from January through 37. increase the mean; decrease the
  b. 10
July or August, and then prices mean 39. sometimes 41. always
   

decreased through November. n n n n 15a. 43. never 45. B 47. C 51. 32;

,ENGTHDAYS
Interval Frequency
x 5. 31.25% 4a. Typing speed is 32 words per
160–169.9 2 minute. 53. length: 5 yd; width: 3 yd
25. y    6. 6ERAS$AY
 Cumulative 170–179.9 4
no real solutions (OMEWORK
 /THER Interval Frequency Frequency 180–189.9 3
10-4
37. 
y 
 28–31 2 2 Check It Out! 1. Company D; the
x 3LEEPING 190–199.9 1
   32–35 7 9 fertilizer from company D appears
   200–209.9 2
x 3PORTS to be more effective than the other
3CHOOL
 36–39 5 14 210–219.9 1
26. y x      %ATING fertilizers. 2. Possible answer: taxi
    40–43 3 17 19. G 21. 8; 8; 41; 66 23. -2.3 drivers; the drivers could justify
A circle graph shows parts of a whole. 4b. 9 25. 0.5 in. 27. books
x = 1 or x = 5 charging higher rates by using
Exercises 1. one part of a whole Exercises 1. stem-and-leaf plot this graph, which seems to show
38. 
y
10-3
3. 82 animals 5. $15 7. Prices at 3. !USTIN 3TEM .EW9ORK that gas prices have increased
 stadium A are greater than prices at Check It Out! 1a. mean: 9; dramatically. 3. Smith; Smith
  
 stadium B. 9. between weeks 4 and median: 8; mode: 8; range: 8 might want to show that he or she
 
x 5 11. 18% 13. purple 15. blue and    1b. mean: 3.6; median: 3; mode: got many more votes than Atkins or
27. 7ATER&OUNTAIN
    green 17. 225,000 19. Friday   none 1c. mean: 15 __16 ; median: 15 __12 ; Napier. 4. The sample size is much

21. 3.5 times 23. games 3, 4, and 5 mode: 12 and 18; range: 6 2a. mode: too small.
x=4
(EIGHTM

5. "REATHING)NTERVALS
 25. Stock Y changed the most 75 2b. Median; the mean is lowered
39. y Exercises 3a. The vertical scale
 between April and July of 2004. by the 2 scores of 75, and the mode
 does not start at 0, and the

x
27. 8 __13 % 31. double line 33. circle is the lowest score.
  
categories on the horizontal scale
&REQUENCY

   35a. Greece; about 40% b. United  3. are not at equal time intervals.
4IMES States; about 15% 37. D 41. 19
 b. Tourism is decreasing rapidly.
In 2 seconds, the water reaches its  girls 43. D: {-3, -1, 0, 1, 3}; R: {0,
     c. someone who wants to run a
maximum height of 20 meters. It 1, 3}; yes 47. quadratic binomial
x = 1 or x = -1 
Exercises 3. mean: 31.5; median: campaign to increase tourism
takes a total of 4 seconds for the
40. y  33.5; mode: 44; range: 32 5. The sample size is too small.
water to reach the ground. 28. g(x), 10-2
n
  n n 5. mean: 78.25; median: 78; mode: 7a. The vertical scale does not
f (x) 29. The graphs have the same n  
Check It Out! 78; range: 15 start at 0. b. Single men pay
width. 30. h (x), f(x), g(x) 31. same  4IMEMIN
1. 4EMPERATUREª# 7.  significantly more than single
width, same axis of symmetry, 3UMMER 3TEM 7INTER 7.
 x     women. 9a. The sectors of the
opens upward, vertex translated 3TEM ,EAVES  
   graph do not add to 100%.
5 units up 32. narrower, same    
axis of symmetry, opens upward, no real solutions 41. x = -5 or     
b. Someone might believe that
vertex translated 1 unit down x = -1 42. x = -7 or x = -2            half of the state’s spending was for
33. narrower, same axis of 43. x = -3 or x = 5 44. x = -1 or    9.  welfare. c. someone who wants
 
symmetry, opens upward, vertex x = 2 45. x = -5 46. x = 4.5 Key: 1]9 means 19     to justify cutting spending on
47. x 2 + 2x = 48; 6 ft 48. x = -8 Key: ]2]1 means 21 welfare 15. B 19. w ≤ 1500
translated 3 units up 2. Ê Ê 7]2] means 27
or x = 8 49. x = -12 or x = 12 Interval Frequency 21. b ≤ 20 23. t ≥ -4
34. y 9.
50. no real solutions 51. x = 0 4–6 5 Interval Frequency      

52. x = -5 or x = 5 53. x = - _52_ or 10-5
7–9 4 2.0–2.4 2 11. mean: 79.5; median: 82; mode:
 x = _25_ 54. 4 ft 55. x = -8 or x = 6 none; range: 28 13. mean: 26.875; Check It Out! 1. sample space:
10–12 4 2.5–2.9 7
x 56. x = -7 or x = 3 57. x = 1 or median: 28; modes: 19, 31, and 34; {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; outcome shown: 3
 13–15 2
 x = 5 58. x = 5 ± √5  59. 16 ft 3.0–3.4 5 range: 15 15a. mean: 151 b. mean 2. certain 3a. __ 7
3b. __
13
4a. 99.8%
20 20
by 12 ft 60. x = -1 or x = 6 3.5–3.9 3  4b. 34,930
x = -3 or x = -1 17.
61. x = - __12 or x = 5 62. x = 1    
6 ±
63. x = ______
√
8
64. 1 65. 0 66. 2 67. 2
Exercises 3. sample space: {blue,
2
red, yellow, green}; outcome shown:
red 5. impossible 7. unlikely
   

S100 Selected Answers Selected Answers S101

948 Selected Answers

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a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S23 5/25/06 7:39:47 PM
 9. _35_ 11a. 30% b. 54 13. sample 41. independent: hours; dependent: 7. #OMEDY $AYSAND Chapter 11 5b. y x Exercises 5. exponential 7. Grapes
space: {blue, red, yellow}; outcome total fee; f (x) = 300 + 8x #AMP $AYS    cost $1.79/lb; y = 1.79x ; $10.74
shown: blue 15. as likely as not 17.  11. linear 13. exponential
likely 19. __ 6
21a. 5% b. 21 25. as Extension Answers  11-1 
15.
= 6k ; linear 17. linear
25
19. y = 0.2(4) 21. linear 33. ___
   x 145
likely as not 27. 1%; 57 29. B 31. B
Check It Out! 1. North West Check It Out! 1a. 80, -160, 320 g
35. 5, -5 37. _94_, - __94

P 14 19 
33. as likely as not 35. unlikely 1b. 216, 162, 121.5 2. 7.8125
  
37a. 7 b. 8 39. $14 41. reflected
across the x-axis 43. mean: 6;
B 23 36 
W 16 41 
. 
  
3. $1342.18 6. after about 13 yr
11-5
Exercises 3. 25, 12.5, 6.25 Exercises 1. no 3. no 17. about
median: 5; mode: 5  
2a. 217 2b. 21 5. 1,000,000,000 7. 4 9. 162, 243, 2023 19. 289 ft 21. yes 23. no Check It Out! 1a. 40 ft/s
Key: ]12]8 means 128
35. y = 4.8 (2) 41. -0.125 45. C 1b. 30.98 ft/s 2a. x ≥ __12 2b. x ≥ __53
x
10-6 3. Ê Ê 4]10] means 104 364.5 11. 2058; 14,406; 100,842
Short Long
sleeve sleeve 13. __
5 ___
, 5 , ___
5
15. 0.0000000001, or 47. D 49. 3 51. The value of a is 3a. y
Check It Out! 1a. 50% 1b. 33 __13 % 8. Gas Tank Capacities
32 128 512 
Small  126 156 1 × 10 -10 17. 80; 160 19. __13 21. _17_; __ the y-intercept. 53. 25 55. 9x 2
1
__
.
1


2. 0.4 3. 49
25
Medium 228 129 Capacity Tally Frequency 23. 6; -48 25. 4913 27. yes; __13 29. no
11-3 
Exercises 1. complement 3. 25% Large  57 78 10−14 IIII I 6 31. no 33a. 1.28 cm b. 40.96 cm
5. __12 7. _23_ 9. __
9
10
11. 1:12 13. _14_ 15. 50% 15−19 IIII IIII 10 35. -2, -8, -32, -128 Check It Out! 1. y = 1200(1.08) ; t x

17. __59 19. 70% 21. __

9
23. __15 25. __45
Exercises 37. 2, 4, 8, 16 39. 12, 3, _34_, __
3
$1904.25 2a. A = 1200(1.00875)4t;   
10
1. F V E 20−24 III 3 16
27. 4:1 31. __12 35. D 37. B  4 4 6
43a. $3993; $4392.30 b. 1.1 $1379.49 2b. A = 4000(1.0025)12t; 3b. 
y
Tetrahedron 25−29 III 3

 .
$5083.47 3. y = 48,000(0.97) ; 38,783
t
41. (4x - 3)(x - 1) 43. __ 1
45. __
13 c. $2727.27 45. J 47. x , x , x 6
4 5
10 20 Cube 6 8 12
9. 'AS4ANK#APACITIES
49. 1, y, y 2 51. -400 53. the 7th 4a. 1.5625 mg 4b. 0.78125 g 
10-7 Octahedron 8 6 12 term 55. b > 10 57. c < - _13_
Icosahedron  20 12 30 Exercises 1. exponential growth
61. f (x) = x 2 + 4 x
Check It Out! 1a. Independent; 3. y = 300(1.08) ; 441 5. A =
t
   
3. At bats Hits
the result of rolling the number 4200(1.007)4t; $4965.43 7. y =
Johnson  69 22 
11-2 Exercises 1. There is no variable
10(0.84) ; 4.98 mg 9. 5.5 g 11. y =
 .
cube the first time does not affect t

&REQUENCY
Crabtree 108 31 Check It Out! 1. 3.375 in. 2a. no under the square-root sign.
1600(1.03) ; 2150 13. A = 30(1.078)t;
the result of the second roll. t

Aguirre  47 13 2b. yes 3. x ≥ -6 5. x ≥ 0 7. x ≥ -3
1b. Dependent; choosing the first 47 members 15. A = 7000(1.0075)4t;
 15. 49.96 mi/h 17. x ≥ 0 19. x ≤ _32_
$9438.44 17. A = 12,000(1.026) ;
student leaves fewer students to t
5. 1 × 1 7. 2 × 4 9. 3 × 3 3a. y
 21. x ≥ - __35 23. x ≥ 40 25. x ≥ 9
choose from the second time. 2. __14 11.  3 10  13. -1.4   $17,635.66 19. y = 58(0.9) ; $24.97
t
45. A 47. C 49. x ≤ -5 OR x ≥ 5
3. __
8
 .  . 21. growth; 61% 23. decay; 33 _13_%
87
-1 2   0.7   51. x ≤ -4 OR x ≥ __32
x 25. growth; 10% 27. growth; 25%
Exercises 1. dependent n
  
n n n
 53. D: x ≤ 3; R: y ≤ 4 57a. 2 and 4
29. y = 58,000,000(1.001) ;
t
15a. Km       
3. independent 5. independent b. 3, 1 61. 9x 2 - 6x + 1
Day 1 16.32  #APACITYGAL
58,174,174 31. y = 8200(0.98) ;
t
7. __18 9. _16_ 11. __ 13. __27
 .
1
63. a 2 - 2ab 2c + b 4c 2 65. 9r 2 - 4s 2
10. mean: 14; median: 12; mode: $7118.63 33. y = 970(1.012) ; 1030
16 t
Day 2 29.76 3b. y
15. dependent 17. _18_ 19. __
1
12; range: 28 11. Median; the mean
 67. A = 42,000(1.0125)4t;
12 Day 3  6.88  35. B 37. 18 yr 39. A; B 45. D 47. D
$48,751.69
21. __29 23a. __
27
64
b. __
1
64
25. dependent is higher than 4 of the 5 prices; the 49. about 20 yr 51. 100 min, or 1 h
b. 52.96 km mode is the lowest price.
27. independent 29a. __ 3
b. __16 40 min 53. $225,344 55. 16 ft 11-6
20 17.  -4 0 16 
x
c. ___
9
d. __
1
31. __
2

-120 .
35. D 37. A 12.     
  
100 15 15
39. 72.9% 41. 80% 43. 48% 12 -20 11-4 Check It Out! 1a. 8 1b. 7 1c. 13
45. 24 47. wider 49. __53 51. __
5  -24 4 1d. 3 - x 2a. 8 √2
 2b. xy √
x
26 4a. y Check It Out! y3
 2c. 4a √
3b 3a. _23_ 3b. __
6
3c. __
19. -4.92 -6 1.68      x 2 2
1a. y x
10-8  
2 √5  z 2 √z p3
21.  12 __1 13. The scale on the vertical axis is 4a. ____ 4b. ____ 4c. __5 5. 60 √2
 ft;
-7 _1_ -2 7 5y q
Check It Out! 1. 15,600  _12_ 2 . too large. This makes the slopes of 
84.9 ft
2a. permutation; 6  -2 10 -5 the segments less steep.
 x
2b. combination; 6 3. 362,880 14. Someone might believe that the 
Exercises 1. 3x - 6 3. 7 5. 6 √5
 
4. 792 Study Guide: Review price has been relatively stable, 2 9. 4x 2y √
7. 18 √ 2y 11. ____ 13. ___
√
17 √
6
4b. 
y 5 7
x 
6 √3 √ √
1. outcome 2. interquartile range when in fact it has doubled. exponential 
√x
15. ___ 17. ____ 16 2
19. _____ 5x 2
21. _____
Exercises 1. combination 3. 8   3 7 9 13
3. independent events 4. 2003 15. 99.5% 16. 24,875 17. 250 18. _12_
5. combination; 6 7. 20,160 9. 35 1b. y x 23. 5 √
41 mi; 32 mi 25. 20 27. 9
5. 14 more boys 19. _14_ 20. _58_ 21. independent
11. 15,504 13. 441,000    29. x + 1 31. x - 3 33. 20 √
10
22. independent 23. dependent  3 √ √
15. combination; 10 17. 120 6. 3TEM ,EAVES   37. ____
35. 8rs √5 14
39. ____ 
41. ____
5 x √x
24. ____
2048
9555
25. 0 26. ____ 256
2401
27. 60 2 3 3
y
19. 133,784,560 21. nP r 8s √
3
 
28. permutation; 604,800 5a. y  43. ____ 45. -20 √3  47. 15x √7
25a. _________
1
b. 85,810 h 27. J   7
x 3 √x

308,915,776
 
29. combination; 220  49. x 51. ____
3
53. √
36 ; 6 55. √50 ;
29. 227,920 31. 168 39. independent: 
Key: 1]2 means 12
30. combination; 1365 5 √2 57. √3  59. √ 20 ; 2 √5 67. C
minutes, t; dependent: volume
quadratic 2. quadratic 3. The oven 69. C 71. x √x + 1 73a. x b. x 2
of water in tub, v : v(t) = 15t x temperature decreases by 50°F c. x 3 d. x 4 e. x 5 f. x n; x n
 
every 10 min; y = -5x + 375; 75°F 77. exponential

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11-7 Exercises 1. No; it does not contain 17. quadratic 18. linear 43. y 4. 3 5. 80.625 lb survive. Its surface-area-to-volume

a variable under the radical sign. 19. exponential 20. exponential ratio is greater than for a cactus
Check It Out! 1a. - √7 1b. 3 √3 Exercises 3. no 5. yes 9. 4
3. -8 5. -144 7. 27 9. 50 11. -2 21. quadratic 22. linear  with a radius of 6 inches.
n 1d. √
1c. 8 √ 2s + 8 √ 
5s 2a. 5 √6 11. 16 teeth 13. yes 15. no
13. 9 15. 64 17. 16 19. 16 21. __49 23. y = 1.5x; 15 h 24. 4.74 cm
2b. 12 √3  2c. 5 √
 - 3 √2 3y x 19. 2 21. 12 yd 23. direct; 8 Exercises 3. 0, 8 5. _a2_; a ≠ 0 7. ____
2
y+3
;
23. 100 25. 5 27. 13 29. 6 31. 2 25. x ≥ 0 26. x ≥ -4 27. x ≥ 0
3. 10 √
b in.    25. neither 27. inverse; 12 y ≠ -3 9. ____
h
; h ≠ -2 11. ____
1
33. no solution 35. 4 37. 2 39. no 28. x ≥ -2 29. x ≥ _43_ 30. x ≥ -3 h+2 b+1
29. inverse; 15 31. d = __10
n ; inverse
Exercises 3. 10 √5 5. 3 √7 + 5 √2 solution 41. 48 43. -25 45. 71 31. x ≥ _72_ 32. x ≥ - __
18
5
33. x ≥ _34_ 44. y
c+2
13. ____ 15. ____ 17. - ____
2 j-5
33. neither 41. C 43. C c-4 j-3 8+n
 + 6 √5a
7. 5 √6a  9. 13 √3 11. - √5x  47. -8 49. 36 51. -16 53. 8 55. 9 34. x ≥ 1 -5(r - 2)
 49. D: {-4, -2, 0, 2, 4}; R: {1, 3, 5}; 19. __________ 21. - _____
5
 - 4 √3t
13. 8 √2t  15. 6 √3  17. -3 √11 57. 2 59. -5 61. 5 63. 1 65. 1 35. x (r - 6)(r + 2) 10 + q

y yes 51. -1, 7 53. 2 √ 10 cm
19. -4 √n  23. 12 √2
 21. 7 √7  67. x = 144; 12 in. 69. √x - 3 = 4; 49  b
   23a. ______
2
b. They will be the
25. 3 √7x - 12 √ 3x 27. 3 √ 5j 71. x = √
x + 6 ; 3 73. 3 in. by 1 in. 
12-2
b +b 1 2
b
 31. 12 √7 33. 0 35. 7 √3
29. 2 √3m 75a. 54.88 joules b. 0 joules 
same: ______
2
b +b
. 25. 0 27. - __12 , 4
37. 7 √2 41. 2 √3 + 5 √5 +5 77. 1690 ft 79. x = 25; y = 16 Check It Out! 1a. 0 1b. 1 1c. -4 1 2
29. already simplified; m ≠ 4
x 45. 11 46. n 2 47. x + 3 48. 5
43. 8 √7x - √70x 45. 35 √ 5k 2a. x = 5; y = 0 2b. x = -4; y = 5 z-1 p-7
87. A 89. C 95. 2    49. 6d 50. y 3 √x 
 51. 2 √3 31. __8t ; t ≠ 0 33. ____
z+1
35. ____
p-5
47. 5 √3 + 5 √5 51. 9 53. 18 √ 2c. x = -77; y = -15 p+6
52. 4b 2 √2ab
 53. ___5
36. 54. __
t
55. __2 37. ____
2
39. - ____
1
43. ____ 45. _13_
55. 36x 57. 16 √3
2  in.; 8 √3
 in.; Extension Answers y 2 10 3
3a. y x-4 b+7 12
4p 2 √
_____ 2  t 4√
t 3 √
2b 2  3w + 7 5+x
24 √3 in. 59. B 61. A 63. √x (x + 2)  56. 57. ____ 58. _____ 47. _____ 49. 1 51. - ____ 53a. _6s_
Check It Out! 1a. 3 1b. 0 1c. 2 7 s 5 3 x+2
65. 0 67. (x + 2) √
x-1 1d. 12 2a. 11 2b. 3 2c. 4 3a. 8 3b. 1  59. 9 √7  61. 3 √2
 60. 3 √3  + 2 √3 a-3
b. 3 c. 1 57. F 63. ____ 65. ±14
x a+5
69. 3 √ x + 2 73. __
x + 1 - x √ 1
3c. 81 x 62. √5t 63. 2 √  + 2 √5
2 64. 2 √3 
12
  67. -2, 0 73. -6
75. x ≥ -3     65. -2 √  67. √
5x 66. 10 √6 14 
Exercises 1. 13 3. 5 5. 2 7. 20 9. 7  69. 6 √
68. 3 √2 7x 70. 150 12-4
11-8 11. 2 13. 6 15. 8 17. 2 19. 4 37. y x 4 √5
 - 4 72. 71 + 16 √7
71. 4 √2  73. ____ 3b. 
y 5x 2y 4
25. $9698 27. 4 29. 9 31. 1 33. 27    5 Check It Out! 1a. - __94 1b. ____
Check It Out! 1a. 5 √2 1b. 63  3a 2
74. _____ 75. ___ 76. _____
√
77. ___
√
3 √
10n √
6 6
35. 14 37. 17 39. 20 41. 25 43. 216 3m - 15 n+4 p - p - 20 2
1c. 2m √7  - 3 √6
 2a. 4 √3  2 3 2n 2 2. ______
m-6
3a. ______ 3b. _________
78. - √3 79. 64 80. 8 81. 3 82. 25 n + 2n p + 16p
2 3
45. 64 47. 125 49. 32 51. 113.04 cm 2  x
2b. 5 √2 15 2c. 7 √k
 + 4 √  - 5 √
7k 3x - 15 6
53. _23_ 55. _14_ 57. _49_ 59. ___
8
61. __
1 83. -81 84. 100 85. 3 86. no    4a. ______ 4b. ____
2w
4c. ________
x
2d. 150 - 20 √5 3a. 21 - 5 √3 343 27 

5
x 2 3 2
v x x + 5x + 6
63. ___
16
65. 1 67. 0 69. 625 71. -1 solution 87. x = 4 88. x = 6 5. approximately 0.23
 3c. 11 - 6 √2
3b. 83 + 18 √2  625
√65 √
21a 73. 11% 75. x 4 38. y 89. x = 7 90. x = __
19
2
91. x = 12 4a. D: x > 0; R: natural 2x - 4
 4a. ____
3d. 17 - √3 5
4b. _____
6 92. x = 3 93. x = 4 94. x = 5 Exercises 1. ___
6h
3. _____
3
5. _a6_
 numbers > 10 5jk 2
8 √
35
4c. _____
7 Study Guide: Review m - 10m
7. 3y -6 9. ________
2
11. a 3 + 10a 2 +
 4b. 2
a + 6b 2r + 28
Exercises 1. √6 3. 125 5. 3 √
30a 1. square-root function x  25a 13. _____ 15. _12_ 17. ______
r-4
19. b
 + √
7. 2 √6  - √21
42 9. √35  2. exponential decay 3. common
   Chapter 12 2
b
3p 8q 2 10y + 20
21. ______
1
23. - _____ 25. _______
0RICE


11. 5 √3y
 + 4 √ 5y 13. 12 + 7 √2  ratio 4. exponential function
3x - 15 4 3y + 15 7r
3n - 3n 2

15. -5 - 2 √3  17. 81 - 30 √2  39. y

12-1  27. 4m 2 - 4m 29. _______ 31. 1
5. 81, 243, 729 6. 48, -96, 192 n+8
2
√
26
____ √
33
____ √
19. 2 21. 18 27. 3 10 29. 8 7. 5, 2.5, 1.25 8. -256, -1024, -4096
 33. - ___
1
35a. ___________
x
4(4x 2 + 8x - 1)
Check It Out! 1a. No; the product  2a 3
31. 6d √7 33. 4 √5 - 5 √2  9. 7,812,500 10. 19,131,876 11. yes 
xy is not constant. 1b. Yes; the b. ___
9
37. B 39. ___
1
 236 2m
35. 2 √3 - 2 √5 37. 3 √f + 12 √ 3f 12. no x
product xy is constant. 1c. No; the    
   #OPIES 41. ___
1
43. 1 45a. 64 cm b. 80 cm
39. 75 + 19 √ 15 41. 10 - √2  13. y equation cannot be written in the
16x
5 √
 45. ____6 √3x
____ Exercises 1. excluded value 3. -3 c. 4 47. H 49. ______
1
51. _13_ 53. __
x
43. 67 + 16 √3 47. x  form y = _kx_. 2. y = _5x_ 2
3x + 9x
2
z
2 40. y
5. 4 7. x = -5; y = 0 9. x = -9;
7 √
2x
49. _____ y 53. 180 in 2
51. 2 √ y
55. _____
1
2a + 2
57. 12 + 9 + m ≤ 30; m ≤ 9
 
2  y = -10 15. 0 17. 0 19. x = 4; y = 0 59. 8 √
3t 61. x ≠ 3; x = 3 and y = 0
55. 6 √  cm 2 57. √
10 - 2 √5 30 x
21. x = 3; y = 4 29. 7 39. x = 2; y = 5 63. x ≠ 0; x = 0 and y = 3 65. x ≠ 0;
 61. 3 √2
59. -5 - 2 √3       x x 41. B 43. C 51. D: x > 2 53. D: x > x = 0 and y = 0
 + 96 65. x - 2 √
63. 134 √3 xy + y
π √6 14. y
      - _15_ 55. I and III; II and IV 59. J
67. 3 + 2 √3x + x 69. ____ s ≈ 1.9 s  61a. yes b. D: all real numbers
4 12-5
71. 269.5 ft 2 73. ___
1
75. B 77. D 41. y
c. R: 0 < y ≤ 1 d. no 63. y = ____
3
+3
 x+2
√
3 Check It Out! 1a. 2 1b. 3y
 + 4 √5
79. -4 √3 
 81. -5 - 2 √6
 65. -2, 3 67. 0.46875 cm 69. No; 4b + 12
 x 3. D: x > 0; R: y > 0; 2.5 mm 3 2a. ____
3
a-2
2b. ________ 3a. 15f 2h 2
 85. 2 √6
83. 2 - √3  + 2 √5
 the product xy is not constant. 2
b + 3b - 4
 4d - 3
    x 3b. (x - 6)(x + 2)(x + 5) 4a. _____
2
87. translation 4 units down 3d
12-3 a+8



15. y = 9(1.15) ; 24
t     4b. ____ 5. __
5
h or 12.5 min
6OLUMEOFGASMM

a-2 24
11-9 16. y = 24,500(0.96) ; 3182 Check It Out! 1a. -5 1b. 0, -5
t
42. y
 Exercises 1. _2y_ 3. ____
1
x-4
5. ____
2
a+1
 1c. -3, -4 2a. __
m
; m ≠ 0 2b. 6p
Check It Out! 1a. 36 1b. 3 1c. __13  3 7. 6x 3y 2z 9. (y + 4)(y - 4)(y + 9)
b-5
2a. 9 2b. 18 2c. 3 3a. 121 3b. 64  2c. ____
3n
; n ≠ 2 3a. ____
1
3b. ____ x+3
 n-2 r+5 b+5 11. ____
x+2
13a. ___
260 _1_
r b. 6 2 h 15. a - 1
3c. 100 4a. 2 4b. __
11
5a. no solution  4a. - ____
3
4b. - ____
1
4c. _____
3
5. 17. m 19. 3a + 1 21. 36a(3a + 1)
2 4+x x+1 x + 11
5b. no solution 5c. 4 6. 8; 3 cm x y+2
23. 10xy 3z 25. (y + 5) 27. ______
     The barrel cactus with a radius of
   0RESSUREATM 3(y - 3)
3 inches has less of a chance to

S104 Selected Answers Selected Answers S105

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S26 5/25/06 7:40:05

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd
PM S27 pages S102–S105 Selected Answers 949
5/25/06 7:40:13 PM
 -m - 6m 2
29. ___
19
31. ________ 33a. ___
700
r 39. 2; 3 is extraneous. 41. no 18. y
21z 4(m - 2)
2

x-5 solution; 4 is extraneous.
b. 14 h 35. ____
1
37. ___
3
39. ____
7+c 2 3
2b 43. ___
240
t
; t - 2; 40 mi/h 
8x + 20
__________
41.
(x + 4)(x + 2)
43. A 45a. __
15
1
= __
1
24
+ __1y b. 40 cm x
  
47. 4x 2; 8x 2; 8x 3 49. D 51. D c. It will increase to 72 cm. 49. F
x - 4y 53. Eddie: 6 h; Luke 3 h; Ryan: 4 h
53. __________ ; x ≠ y and x ≠ -y
(
x+y x-y)( ) 55. y = -2x and y = __12 x + 4 are 
az + by +cx
55. _________
xyz ; x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0, and perpendicular. 59. 5
19. y
z ≠ 0 61. _21_, 4 63. 2; t ≠ ±2 
65. - ____
1
; x ≠ ±4 Extension Answers
x+4
Check It Out! 1. __45 = 0.800; x
12-6 _3_ = 0.600; _4_ ≈ 1.333 2. 4.8 ft   
5 3
Check It Out! 1a. -2p + 1 - __p3
Exercises 1. 0.923; 0.385; 2.400
1b. x 2 + __13 - __
5
2x
2a. k + 5 2b. b - 7 
3. 5.0 5. 8.0
2c. s + 6 3a. 2y + 1 3b. a - 2
20. D: x > 0; R: y > 0
4a. 3m - 5 + _____ 13
m+3
4b. y + 6 + ____
20
y-3 Study Guide: Review
-7
5a. x 2 - 2x - 4 + ____
x-2 1. rational expression 2. rational 
-7
5b. 2p 2 - 2p + 6 + ____ function 3. rational equation

,ENGTHCM
p+1 
4. inverse variation 5. discontinuous
Exercises 1. 2x - __12 3. 7b - __
14
+ __b8
3 function 6. Yes; the product xy is 
5. 2x + 4 + _3x_ 7. 2x - 3 9. 2y + 5
constant. 7. No; the product xy is 
11. x + 1 13. c + 3 15. x - 2
-1 -1 not constant.
17. a + 2 + ____
a+2
19. n + 4 + ____
n+4 
-2 8. y = - __4x y    
21. 4n - 5 + _____
2n + 1

7IDTHCM

23. -2x 2 + 6x - 15 + ____

35 21. 0 22. 7 23. 0, 1 24. -1, 5
x+3
25. m + 1 + _____
3 x 25. 5, -5 26. 4, 7 27. __
1
3r
;
m-1 
-10
   r ≠ 0 28. _____
1
;
27. 4k 2 - 4k + 2 + ____
k+1
 2k - 3
k ≠ 0 and k ≠ __32 29. ____
1
; x ≠ -6
29. 3t + 4 - _2t_ 31. -4p + 1 + __
2

x-2
3
-2
p
and x ≠ 2 30. ____
x+3
; x ≠ ±3
33. 4t + 3 35. x - 3 37. 3a - 1 x+3
9. y = _1_ y 31. ____
3
x-1
; x ≠ -5 and x ≠ 1 32. ____
x-5
;
39. 3x + 4 + ____
14
x-2
x 
2b + 2b 2
-2
41. 3x + 1 + _____ x ≠ -6 and x ≠ 5 33. __
4
π 34.
_______
3
2x - 1 
4x - 12x 2
- 3c 2 3
-216
43. 2t 2- 6t + 25 + _____ x 35. _______
3
36. ____
15b
2
37. ____
2
3t + 9 4d
b+2
_______ n 2 + 3n + 2
________
45. -20 47. 2x - 5 + ____
3
x+1
   38.
2b 2 + 8b
39.
n 2 - n - 42
51. 0.5m + 1 57. C 59. B y 12n 3
2
x 2 + 2x - 3
40. ____
1
b-3
41. __ 42. ____
m 43.
________
2y  3 2
4x - 16
61. 3x - __
1
2y
+ __
x 63. x + 2 (b + 8)(b + 7)
√ 44. ____________ 45. 10a 2b 2
65. 3 m 67. ____
15 10. -15 11. $13,200 12. -4; x = -4 2(b + 4)(2b + 7)
15 b +8 2
and y = 0 13. -1; x = -1 and y = 3 46. 10x (x - 3) 47. _____
69. 6 √ 2 71. 4(x + 1)
5 - 5 √ 2b
14. -3; x = -3 and y = -4 15. _74_; 3x 2 + 2x - 4 8p - 2
73. 2k 2 + 5k + 2 48. _________ 49. _________
x = _74_ and y = 5 2
x -2
2
p - 4p + 2
5b - 1 -10 7m + 2
16. 50. _____
7-b
51. _____ 52. ______
12-7 y 2 2
n -1 10m
 h 2 + 5h - 1
53. _________
h-5
54. __
40
3r
55. 2n2 - 3n - 5
Check It Out! 1a. 2 1b. 1 1c. - _76_ 
56. x - _2x_ + __
5
57. x + 2 58. 3n + 1
2a. -4 2b. -4 2c. 1, 3 3. 22 __29 min x 2
x
4a. 5; 7 is an extraneous solution.     59. h + 12 60. 3x + 2 61. m - 6
4b. 1 and 5; no extraneous 62. 3m + 4 63. x + 2 64. x + 6
-3
solutions. 4c. 4; 0 is an extraneous  65. p - 2 66. 2x - 1 + ____
x+2
solution. 67. 2n + 7 + ____
36
n-5
17. y
Exercises 1. rational equation
 68. 3b 2 + 6b + 8 + ____
18
b-2
3. -24 5. - __83 7. __32 9. _35_ 11. - __
11  69. -4x 2 + 10x - 17 + ____
34
x+2
5
13. __
15
15. 3, - __4 17. -2, 3 19. -1, __3
19 3 2
x
70. - __34 71. __
12
72. - __
18
73. - _76_;
   7 11
21. _12_ h, or 30 min 23. - _43_; 1 is  0 is extraneous. 74. - _23_; 1 is
extraneous. 25. -2 27. 0 29. _45_
 extraneous. 75. - _13_, 1 76. -3 77. ±1
31. 5 33. __32 35. -4, 3 37. 6 h 78. - __
1
79. -2; 4 is extraneous.
12
80. 4, 5 81. -12, 1 82. -19 83. 0; 2
is extraneous.
S106 Selected Answers

a107se_BM_S0079-S0106.indd S106 5/30/06 3:04:20 PM

950 Selected Answers page S106

Notes

Notes 951
 Graphic Organizer Answers
Possible answers given. Lesson 1-6
20 - 3 + 2
5
Chapter 1
Lesson 1-1 (20 - 3 + 2)
5 (20 - 3) + 2
5 20 - (3 + 2)
5

95 27 -5
Words Algebra
Addition 3 more than x x+3 Lesson 1-7
Subtraction 1 less than y y -1
Associative
Multiplication The product of 2 and n 2n
Division The quotient of x and 4 x÷4 2 + (3 + 4) = (2 + 3) + 4

Commutative
Lesson 1-2
Points Sum Difference 2 + 5 = 5 +2

A, B Neg. Neg.
Distributive
B, A Neg. Pos.
C, B Neg. Pos. 2(6 + 7) = 2(6) + 2(7)

D, A Pos. Pos.
Lesson 1-8
Lesson 1-3 Quadrant ll Quadrant l
x is neg. x is pos.
Multiplying and Dividing Numbers y is pos. The y is pos.
Coordinate
Multiplication Division
x is neg. Plane x is pos.
pos
pos = pos pos ÷ pos = pos y is neg. y is neg.
pos
neg = neg pos ÷ neg = neg Quadrant lll Quadrant lV
neg
pos = neg neg ÷ pos = neg
neg
neg = pos neg ÷ neg = pos

Lesson 1-4
Chapter 2
Even Odd Lesson 2-1
Exponent Exponent
0ROPERTIESOF%QUALITY
Positive 32 = 9 33 = 27
Base Positive Positive
Negative (-3)2 = 9 (-3)3 = -27  
Base Positive Negative x x
x x

Lesson 1-5
Lesson 2-2
Rational number
__1 __1 -2.25
3 4
0ROPERTIESOF%QUALITY
No Yes
Irrational number
No • µ
√21

Úx 
Ê x

x  x
Integer
-15
Yes No Lesson 2-3
Whole number 3OLVING-ULTI 3TEP%QUATIONS
0
x Úx 
 
Yes No 

Natural number x Úx 


4 √25 24 (-1)2 x x

A2 Graphic Organizer Answers

Lesson 2-4 Lesson 2-8

!NEQUATIONWITHVARIABLES 3OLVING0ERCENT0ROBLEMS
ONBOTHSIDESCANHAVEx

&INDTHEPART &INDTHEWHOLE
/NESOLUTION .OSOLUTION &INDOF OFWHATNUMBERIS
xx
Ê xx
%QUATION 0ROPORTION %QUATION 0ROPORTION
-ANYSOLUTIONS
xx
x   ?
  ?
x x   ?
  ?

x   x =   x
x x  
Lesson 2-5
&INDTHEPERCENT7HAT
#OMMON&ORMULAS PERCENTOFIS

3UBJECT &ORMULA
%QUATION 0ROPORTION
Ps
s Ú PERIMETEROFA
P x

  ?
x ?

'EOMETRY  x    
SQUAREISTIMESTHESIDELENGTH x   x  

0HYSICAL Fma
m ÚF a =ÚF FORCE

a m Lesson 2-9
SCIENCE
EQUALSMASSTIMESACCELERATION

%ARTH KC
C 
K 
 !PPLICATIONSOF0ERCENTS

SCIENCE TEMPERATUREINKELVINSIS#ELSIUS
TEMPERATUREPLUS
#OMMISSION 3IMPLEINTEREST 4IPSESTIMATED 3ALESTAX
Lesson 2-6 COMMISSION ANNUALSIMPLE TIPON ESTIMATED
ONSALESOF INTERESTON Ʉ
 SALESTAXON
0ROPORTIONTO #ONVERSIONFACTORTO  FORYEARS Ʉ

SOLVEFORAMISSING CONVERTFROMONESETOF
QUANTITY UNITSTOANOTHER
Lesson 2-10
2ATETOCOMPAREQUANTITIES
5SESOF2ATIOS WITHDIFFERENTUNITS 0ERCENT 0ERCENT
)NCREASE $ECREASE $ISCOUNT -ARKUP
3CALETOMAKESCALE 5NITRATETO
&ROMTO &ROMTO ! !
DRAWINGSMODELSOR COMPAREPRICES ISA ISA DISCOUNTON MARKUPON
TOREADDISTANCES OFPRODUCTSOF INCREASE DECREASE ANORGINIAL AWHOLESALE
FROMAMAP DIFFERENTSIZES PRICEOF COSTOF
ISAND ISAND
THESALEPRICE THERETAILPRICE
Lesson 2-7 IS IS
̱ABC ȸ ̱DEF
B E
C F
A
D
Chapter 3
Lesson 3-1
#ORRESPONDINGSIDES #ORRESPONDINGANGLES
AB CORRESPONDSTODE. BC !NGLEA CORRESPONDSTOANGLE
)NEQUALITY 'RAPH
CORRESPONDSTOEF. AC D !NGLEB CORRESPONDSTO
CORRESPONDSTODF. ANGLEE!NGLEC CORRESPONDS
TOANGLEF x
      

xɠ
      

Lesson 3-2

0ROPERTIESOF)NEQUALITY

!DDITION 3UBTRACTION
a



 a





a  a 






         

Graphic Organizer Answers A3

 Lesson 3-3 Lesson 4-2
3OLVING)NEQUALITIESBY5SING-ULTIPLICATIONAND$IVISION !RELATIONISx

"YAPOSITIVENUMBER "YANEGATIVENUMBER AFUNCTIONIFxTHEREISEXACTLYONERANGE NOTAFUNCTIONIFxTHEREISMORETHANONE

ELEMENTFOREACHDOMAINELEMENT RANGEELEMENTFORADOMAINELEMENT
$IVIDE x x
??
x
 ?? ??  ??
x
    Lesson 4-3
x x
7AYSTO2EPRESENT&UNCTIONS
-ULTIPLY ??x ɠ ?? ɡ
x
 
??x  ɠ ??
x
 ɠ
  %QUATIONINFUNCTION 4ABLE 'RAPH
xɠ xɠ NOTATIONfx x y
x y

 
Lesson 3-4
 
3OLVING-ULTI 3TEP x
 
%QUATIONSAND)NEQUALITIES   
 
 
(OWARETHEYALIKE4OSOLVE (OWARETHEYDIFFERENT7HENSOLVING
MULTI STEPEQUATIONSORINEQUALITIES MULTI STEPINEQUALITIESYOUMUST
FOLLOWTHEORDEROFOPERATIONSTO REVERSETHEINEQUALITYSYMBOLIFYOU
SIMPLIFYTHEEXPRESSIONSONBOTHSIDES MULTIPLYORDIVIDEBOTHSIDESBYA
Lesson 4-4
OFTHEEQUALSIGNORINEQUALITYSYMBOL NEGATIVENUMBER4HEREAREMANY
ANDTHENUNDOEACHOPERATION SOLUTIONSOFANINEQUALITYBUTUSUALLY 'RAPHINGA&UNCTION
ONLYONESOLUTIONOFANEQUATION

.OTAREAL WORLDSITUATION5SEADOMAIN 2EAL WORLDSITUATION5SEADOMAINTHAT

Lesson 3-5 OFALLREALNUMBERS#HOOSESOMEVALUES MAKESSENSEINTHEGIVENSITUATION#HOOSE
FORxANDUSETHEFUNCTIONTOFIND SOMEVALUESFORxANDUSETHEFUNCTIONTO
)NEQUALITIESWITH CORRESPONDINGVALUESFORy. 0LOTTHEPOINTS FINDCORRESPONDINGVALUESFORy. 0LOTTHE
6ARIABLESON"OTH3IDES ANDCONNECTTHEMWITHALINEORSMOOTH POINTSANDCONNECTTHEMWITHALINEOR
CURVE SMOOTHCURVE

)DENTITY #ONTRADICTION
xx xx Lesson 4-5
!SAGRAPH %XAMPLE
Lesson 3-6
THETOTALPRICEOFAN
  ICECREAMCONEAND
 0OSITIVE THENUMBEROFSCOOPS
A B 
x
  x


  THEAMOUNTOF

WATERINAWATERING
.EGATIVE CANANDTHENUMBER
x!.$x x/2x OFFLOWERSWATERED

  THENUMBEROF

 MAGAZINESAPERSON
.O HASANDTHESIZEOF

#ORRELATION THEPERSONSSHOES

Chapter 4 Lesson 4-6

Lesson 4-1 &INDINGTHEnTH4ERMOFAN &INDTHECOMMON 7RITEARULETOFIND

!RITHMETIC3EQUENCE DIFFERENCE THEnTHTERM
+EY7ORDSFOR'RAPH3EGMENTS

)NCREASES $ECREASES 3TAYSTHESAME

RISEGROW DROPGODOWN UNCHANGED
GOUP CONSTANT

A4 Graphic Organizer Answers

Chapter 5 Lesson 5-5

Lesson 5-1 2ECOGNIZINGA$IRECT6ARIATION

&ROMAN%QUATION &ROM/RDERED0AIRS &ROMA'RAPH
$ETERMINING7HETHERA 4HEEQUATIONCANBE !NEQUATIONDESCRIBING 4HEGRAPHISALINE
&UNCTION)S,INEAR WRITTENINTHEFORM THEORDEREDPAIRSCAN THROUGH 
ykxFORSOME BEWRITTENINTHEFORM
&ROMITSGRAPH &ROMITSEQUATION &ROMALISTOFORDERED NONZEROVALUEOFk ykx!LSOTHERATIO
??ISCONSTANTFOR
y
x
!LLTHEPOINTSFORM )TCANBEWRITTENIN PAIRS
ALINE STANDARDFORM !CONSTANTCHANGEINx EACHORDEREDPAIR

y AxByCWHEREA CORRESPONDSTOA

ANDBARENOTBOTH CONSTANTCHANGEINy Lesson 5-6
x Ý Þ
%XAMPLE 'RAPHINGTHE,INE
 
xy 
 

  $ESCRIBEDBYymxb

 

 
0LOTTHEPOINT &INDASECONDPOINT $RAWTHELINE
b  ONTHELINEBYUSING CONNECTINGTHETWO
Lesson 5-2 THESLOPEmTOMOVE POINTS
HORIZONTALLYAND
VERTICALLYFROMb 
'RAPHINGAxByC
5SING)NTERCEPTS
Lesson 5-7
&INDTHEx INTERCEPT &INDTHEy INTERCEPT 'RAPHTHELINEBY 7RITINGTHE
BYLETTINGyEQUAL BYLETTINGxEQUAL PLOTTINGTHEPOINTS
%QUATIONOFA,INE
ANDSOLVINGFORx ANDSOLVINGFORy CONTAININGTHEINTERCEPTS
ANDTHENCONNECTINGTHE
POINTSWITHASTRAIGHTLINE )FYOUKNOWTWO )FYOUKNOWTHESLOPE )FYOUKNOWTHESLOPE
POINTSONTHELINE ANDy INTERCEPT ANDAPOINTONTHE
5SETHETWOPOINTSIN )FTHESLOPEISmAND LINE
Lesson 5-3 THESLOPEFORMULATO THEy INTERCEPTISb 5SETHESLOPEAND
3LOPE FINDTHESLOPE4HEN THENTHEEQUATIONIS THEPOINTTOWRITE
USETHESLOPEAND ymxb THEEQUATIONIN
ONEOFTHEPOINTSTO POINT SLOPEFORM
0OSITIVE :ERO
WRITETHEEQUATIONIN
y y POINT SLOPEFORM

x x
Lesson 5-8
0ARALLELLINES 0ERPENDICULARLINES
SAMESLOPES 0RODUCTOFSLOPESIS
y y
.EGATIVE 5NDEFINED  
y y x
 x  
x x 

Lesson 5-9
Lesson 5-4 4RANSFORMATIONSOF
fx x
&INDING3LOPE
4RANSLATION 2OTATION 2EFLECTION
&ROMAGRAPH &ROMATABLE &ROMANEQUATION gx x gx x gx x
"EGINATANYPOINTON #HOOSEANYTWOPOINTS &INDTHEx ANDy y y y

THELINE#OUNTRISEAND FROMTHETABLEAND INTERCEPTS3UBSTITUTE
 
RUNTOANOTHERPOINTON SUBSTITUTETHEIR THEPOINTSCONTAINING
THELINE3LOPEISTHE COORDINATESINTOTHE THEINTERCEPTSINTOTHE x x
x 
RATIOOFRISETORUN SLOPEFORMULA SLOPEFORMULA    
   


Graphic Organizer Answers A5

 Chapter 6 Lesson 6-6

Lesson 6-1 ̙ y ɡx  ̙ y x 

̚ y  ?? x  ̚ y ɡ ?? x 
̛  ̛ 
3OLVINGA,INEAR3YSTEMBY'RAPHING

y 0OSSIBLEANSWER y 0OSSIBLEANSWER
'RAPHTHEFIRSTAND )DENTIFYTHEPOINT #HECKTHE
 
SECONDEQUATION OFINTERSECTION SOLUTION x
     
Lesson 6-2
The solution for each is (5, 3).  

о xy



xy
̚

п
3OLVExyFORx. 3OLVExyFORy.
Chapter 7
xy x xy y
xy x yx y
Lesson 7-1
 
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Lesson 7-3
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Lesson 6-4 Lesson 7-4

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A6 Graphic Organizer Answers

Lesson 7-5 Lesson 8-2
0OLYNOMIALS &ACTORINGBY'#&

-ONOMIALS "INOMIALS
x x &INDTHEGREATESTCOMMONFACTOR

4RINOMIALS 7RITEEACHTERMASAPRODUCTUSING
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Lesson 7-6
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Lesson 8-3
a b a   b a b a  b  m n m  m n  m  

&ACTORING
a b a  b m n m  m n  m   x bxc
m n m 

cISPOSITIVE cISNEGATIVE cISPOSITIVE cISNEGATIVE

Lesson 7-7 ANDbISPOSITIVE ANDbISPOSITIVE ANDbISNEGATIVE ANDbISNEGATIVE
x x x x x x x x
$ISTRIBUTIVE0ROPERTY &/),METHOD
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Lesson 7-8
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Lesson 8–6
Chapter 8 Factoring Methods
Lesson 8-1 Polynomial Method
0RIME&ACTORIZATION 1. 16x 4 - 25y 8 A. Factoring out the GCF
#OEFFICIENT
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ȕ
ȕ
ȕ
 2. x 2 + 10x + 25 B. Factoring by grouping
&ACTORIZATION
x  Ê Ê OFx  2
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C. Unfactorable
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ASA0RODUCT
x
xȕ
x 5. 100b 2 + 81 E. Perfect-square trinomial

Graphic Organizer Answers A7

 Chapter 9 Lesson 9-5

Lesson 9-1 3OLVINGA1UADRATIC

%QUATIONBY'RAPHING
)DENTIFYING1UADRATIC
&UNCTIONS
7RITETHERELATED 'RAPHTHERELATED &INDTHEZEROS
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y ax  bx c

Lesson 9-6
(ASCONSTANT
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Lesson 9-2 BY&ACTORING

'RAPHSOF1UADRATIC &ACTOR 3ETEACH 3OLVEEACH

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y y y y
x BY5SING3QUARE2OOTS7HENTHE
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Lesson 9-8
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a 6ERTEX
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(OWDOESTHEGRAPHOF
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WIDER UPTHEy AXIS

A8 Graphic Organizer Answers

Lesson 9-9 Lesson 10-5

4HENUMBEROFREALSOLUTIONS ,IKELIHOODOFAN%VENT
OFax   bx  c  ÊÊ܅i˜Ê°Ê°Ê°Ê

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5NLIKELY ,IKELY2OLLINGA
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Chapter 10
Lesson 10-6
Lesson 10-1 ??
PBLACK  
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#OMPARE 3HOWCHANGE 3HOWHOWAWHOLE /DDSINFAVOROFBLACK

CATEGORIES OVERTIME ISDIVIDEDINTOPARTS
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Lesson 10-7
Lesson 10-2
%XAMPLE 0ROBABILITY
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Lesson 10-3
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THEFIRSTITEMHASBEENCHOSEN
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STARTAT MIGHTNOTADDTO CHOOSEBOTHITEMS

7AYS'RAPHSAND
3TATISTICSCANBE Chapter 11
-ISLEADING
Lesson 11-1

!SAMPLEMIGHT !SAMPLEMIGHT 7AYSTO2EPRESENT'EOMETRIC

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4ABLE &ORMULA 7ORDS

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  a n 
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Graphic Organizer Answers A9

 Lesson 11-2 Lesson 11-6
0RODUCT0ROPERTYOF 1UOTIENT0ROPERTYOF
%XPONENTIAL&UNCTIONS
3QUARE2OOTS 3QUARE2OOTS
fÊ x
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HAVEARANGEOFALLREALNUMBERS YOUADDTHERATETOANDINTHE
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y
Lesson 12-1
x
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A10 Graphic Organizer Answers

Lesson 12-2 Lesson 12-6
?
y

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y  ,ONG$IVISION
x 
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!SYMPTOTES !SYMPTOTES
xy xy
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x x x  x 
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Lesson 12-3 Lesson 12-7

5SE0ROPERTIES 5SING/PPOSITE
OF%XPONENTS "INOMIALS 3OLVING2ATIONAL%QUATIONS
? 
x 
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x
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x  x x x
x 

Lesson 12-4

2ATIONAL%XPRESSIONS

-ULTIPLYING-ULTIPLY $IVIDING-ULTIPLYTHE
NUMERATORSMULTIPLY FIRSTEXPRESSIONBYTHE
DENOMINATORSAND RECIPROCALOFTHESECOND
THENSIMPLIFY EXPRESSION

Lesson 12-5

.UMERICAL&RACTIONSAND
2ATIONAL%XPRESSIONS

!DDING 3UBTRACTING

3IMILARITIES)N $IFFERENCES)N 3IMILARITIES)N $IFFERENCES)N

BOTHWRITEEACH RATIONAL BOTHWRITEEACH RATIONAL
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COMMON MAYNEEDTO ACOMMON MAYNEEDTO
DENOMINATORADD COMBINELIKE DENOMINATOR COMBINELIKE
ANDSIMPLIFY TERMS SUBTRACTAND TERMS
SIMPLIFY

Graphic Organizer Answers A11

 43. 7y - 3 + 6y - 7; 7y + 31. y
Additional Answers 6y - 3 - 7 (Comm.
Prop.); 13y - 10 (Add like


Chapter 1 4. 4 times z; the product of 4 terms) x

and z     
1-1 Exercises 1-8 Exercises 
1-7 Exercises
17. the product of 5 and p; 13. y 
20. 5(x + 3) - 7x; 5(x) + 
5 groups of p y
5(3) - 7x (Distribute 5); 
32. 4
18. 4 decreased by y; the dif- 5x + 15 - 7x (Multiply); x
ference of 4 and y (-1, 1) 2 (4, 1)
15 + 5x - 7x (Comm.     
x
19. the sum of 3 and x; Prop.); 15 - 2x (Add like 
-4 0 2
3 increased by x terms)  -2

20. the product of 3 and y; 21. 9(a - 3) - 4; 9(a) - 14. y (-1, -4) (4, -4)
3 times y 9(3) - 4 (Distribute 9); 
square
21. negative 3 times s; the 9a - 27 - 4 (Multiply); 
9a - 31 (Add like terms) x 33. y
product of negative 3 8
22. 5x2 - 2(x - 3x2); 5x2 -     
and s (-6, 3)
4

22. the quotient of r and 5; 2(x) + 2(3x2) (Distribute x
one-fifth r -2.); 5x2 - 2x + 6x2  -8 -4 4 8
(2, -2)
(Multiply); 5x2 + 6x2 - 2x 15. (-7, -3) -4
23. 14 decreased by t; the dif- y
(Comm. Prop.); 11x2 - 2x 
-8
ference of 14 and t
(Add like terms) 
24. the sum of x and 0.5; x triangle
23. 6x - x - 3x2 + 2x; 6x - x
increased by 0.5      34. y
x + 2x - 3x2 (Comm. 6
33. 2x; possible answer: Jim Prop.); 7x - 3x2 (Add like (4, 4)
4
has twice as many aunts terms) 
(2, 2) (6, 2)
as Carly, who has x aunts. 2
24. 12x + 8x + t - 7x; 12x + 16. y x
34. 17 - b; possible 
8x - 7x + t (Comm. 0 2 6
answer: Sarah started (3, -1) (5, -1)
Prop.); 13x + t (Add like 
with 17 apples, but lost b terms) x
of them.      pentagon
25. 4a - 2(a - 1); 4a -  y
35. y + 10; possible answer: 35. (-6, 7) (4, 7)
2(a) + 2(1) (Distribute
April had y CDs and then 
-2); 4a - 2a + 2 (-6, 5) 4 (4, 5)
got 10 more. (Multiply); 2a + 2 (Add 28. y x
like terms) -8 -4 0 4 8
1A Multi-Step Test Prep
-4
1. 38. 4(y + 6) + 9; 4y + 24 + 
9 (Distribute 4); 4y + 33 x -8
Pressure
(Add like terms)    
Depth (ft) (psi) 
rectangle
39. -7(x + 2) + 4x; -7x -
0 14.7 54–57. y
14 + 4x (Distribute -7); 8 X(6, 9)
33 29.4 -7x + 4x - 14 (Comm. 29. y Z(-4, 4)
 4
66 44.1 Prop.); -3x - 14 (Add x

99 58.8 like terms) x -8 4 0 4 8
-4 Y(9, -3)
132 73.5 40. 3x + 2 - 2x - 1; 3x -    
W(9, -6)
132 ft; continue the table 2x + 2 - 1 (Comm. -8

until the pressure reaches Prop.); x + 1 (Add like 

terms)
1B Multi-Step Test Prep
73.5 psi and then find the
30. y 5. Lori can buy 25 stickers, or
depth in that row of the 41. 5x - 3x + 3x2 + 9x; 
5 packages.
table. 5x - 3x + 9x + 3x2
(Comm. Prop.); 11x + 3x2 x Packages Cost ($)
1A Ready to Go On? (Add like terms)     
1 6
1. the sum of 4 and n; 4 
42. 8x + 2x - 3y - 9x;
increased by n 2 12
8x + 2x - 9x - 3y 
2. the difference of m and 9; (Comm. Prop.); x - 3y 3 18
9 less than m (Add like terms) 4 24
3. g divided by 2; the quo- 5 30
tient of g and 2

A12 Additional Answers

 34. (-2, -2), (-1, -1), (0, 0), (1, -1), Chapter 3
Stickers Cost ($)
(2, -2)
5 6.00 y 3-2 Exercises
4
10 12.00 34. Both inequalities have all numbers
15 18.00 greater than 1 as solutions. x + 2 ≥ 3
x
0 also includes 1. The graph of x + 2
20 24.00 -4 4
> 3 has an empty circle at 1, but the
25 30.00 graph of x + 2 ≥ 3 has a solid circle
-4
at 1.
1B Ready to Go On?
35. (-2, -3), (-1, 0), (0, 3), (1, 6), 35a. 411 + 411 = 822 miles
20. 3(x + 2) - 3x; 3x + 3(2) - 3x
(Distrib. Prop.); 3x + 6 -3x (2, 9) b. 822 + m ≤ 1000
y c. m ≤ 178, but m cannot be negative
(Multiply); 6 + 3x - 3x (Comm. 8
Prop.); 6 + (3x - 3x) (Assoc. Prop.); 
4
6 + 0 (Combine like terms); x     
6 (Combine like terms) -8 -4 0 4 8
21. x - 6x2 + 3x + 4x2; x + 3x - 6x2 + -4 3-3 Exercises
4x2 (Commutative Property); -8 27. b ≥ _
1
(x + 3x) + (-6x2 + 4x2) 10
(Associative Property); 4x - 2x2
(Combine like terms)  ?? ?? ?? ??
   

22. -23x + 2y + 4x - 5y; -2(3x) -

Chapter 2 28. p < -2.5
2(2y) - 2(4x) - 2(-5y) (Distrib. 2-1 Exercises
Prop.); -6x + (-4y )+ (-8x) + 10y     
64a. Possible answer: the fire should 29. b ≤ -16
(Multiply); -6x - 4y - 8x + 10y
cover twice as much area in 2 days
(Def of Subtraction); -6x - 8x -
as it does in 1, so multiply 2 by     
4y + 10y (Comm. Prop.);
(-6x - 8x) + (-4y + 10y) (Assoc. 1000 and the answer is 2000. 30. a < -9
Prop.); -14x + 6y (Combine like 2-3 Technology Lab
    
terms) 4. Graph y = 3x - 4. Find the point 3
31. r < - _
23–25. y with the given value of y as its 2
4
C(1, 4) y-coordinate. The point’s
 ??  ??
 
2 x-coordinate is the solution.   
 
x
-4 -2 0 2-5 Exercises 32. p < -0.1
2 4
-2
A(0, -3) 34c.     
B(-2, -3)
%XTINGUISHINGTHE7ILDFIRE 33. y < 2
32. (-2, 5), (-1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 5)        
y
 34. f > -30
!CRES

6 ] 
] 
     
4 ] 
] 

]  35. t > 4
x
       
-4 -2 0 2 4      
$AYS 36. w ≤ -2.4
33. (-2, -3), (-1, -2), (0, -1), (1, 0),
2-6 Check It Out!     
(2, 1)
y 3. Possible answer: the cyclist travels 37. z < -11
4
about 60 mi in 4 h, or 15 mi/h.
2 There are about 5000 ft in 1 mi, so     
x this speed is equivalent to 38. f < -3
-4 -2 0 2 4 15(5000) = 75,000 ft/h. There are
      
about 4000 s in 1 h, so this is
-4 75,000
equivalent to _____ ≈ 20 ft/s. So 39. k ≤ -7
4000
20.5 ft/s is reasonable.     

Additional Answers A13

 40. b > 3.5 17. r ≥ -4 29. x > -5 48. n > 3.5

                       

41. p ≥ -12 18. p < -3 30. h ≥ 17 49. p ≥ 18

                 
    

43. x > -3 21. 31. x < -2 68.

             
            
 22. 69.
    
44. t ≤ 8 32. x < -8       
23. 70.
                       

45. x < 20
24. 33. a ≥ 11 71.
 Ê??   ??
 
       
 
    
    
3-4 Exercises 72.
34. x < 19       
46. p ≥ -30 16. r > 4
    
73.
                  
35. x > 3
17. x ≤ 1 74.
47. p ≤ -6

      
       75.
    
18. w > 9 36. q ≤ 16   
48. t > - _
   
1
6     
76.
           
 ??  ??  ??  ?? 38. x > 1
   
   
 19. w < -2 84.
      
49. b < 2              
85.
   20. v ≤ 12 39. x ≤ 2     
   
86.
50. r < 60            
      
40. x > 18
     21. x < -6 3-6 Exercises
     7.
51.     
      
       41. x < 4
22. z ≥ 9
52. 8.
                  
    
53. 42. x < 0 9.
     23. f < -4.5       
54.       
     10.
    
43. x < -6       
24. n ≥ 6
3A Ready To Go On? 
    
15.
1. all real numbers greater           
1
than -2 25. w > 0 44. m ≤ - _ 16.
8
2. all real numbers less than       


??

 
??
 
??

 
??
or equal to 8       
  17.
  
3. all real numbers greater 26. p > -5       
45. r < 8
than or equal to 3 18.
      
4. all real numbers greater            
2
than 1 27. v > _ 19.
3 46. n ≤ 1.8
      
15. k ≤ 2
?? ?? 
  20.
 
                  
28. x > -9
16. p < 7 47. x < 7 21.
         
          22.
      

A14 Additional Answers

23. 30. 21. Possible answer: The 35. (-2, 6), (-1, 3), (0, 2),
              number of eggs in stock (1, 3), (2, 6); the points
60. (-2, 6), (-1, 4), (0, 2), 31. in a grocery store on form a U-shaped figure.
(1, 0), (2, -2);        different days could be

y
represented by a graph of
y 32.
distinct points. The depth 
       
of a scuba diver during a
dive could be represented x
x 
by a connected graph.  
     Chapter 4 22a.

Are You Ready? 3WIMMING0OOL&ILLING 4-2 Exercises
61. (-2, 3), (-1, 0,) (0, -1), 6–13.  y 3.

7ATERDEPTHFT
 
(1, 0), (2, 3);  x y

 x
y 1 1 
    
 1 2
 
 y
x 

      4IME
 
14. (-2, 3), (-1, 1), (0, -1), 22b. x

(1, -3), (2, -5) 3WIMMING0OOL&ILLING   

62. (-2, 2), (-1, -1), 15. (-2, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 1), 4.
(1, 2), (2, 3)
7ATERDEPTHFT
(0, -2), (1, -1), (2, 2); x y
16. (-2, -4), (-1, -1),
y -1 1 

(0, 0), (1, -1), (2, -4) 
Ú
( )
1
_
 3
17. (-2, 1), -1, _ , (0, 2), -2
2  
x 2
 

   1,
5
_
2 ( )
, (2, 3) 4IME -3
1
_
3
 Ú


 18. (-2, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 1), 32. (-2, -4), (-1, -3),
1
_
Ú
(1, 4), (2, 9) (0, -2), (1, -1), (2, 0); -4
4

63. m < 2 19. (-2, 9), (-1, 4), (0, 1), the points form a line.
(1, 0), (2, 1) y
x
y

      

4-1 Exercises   
64. x > -1  x
19. The point of intersection
  

       represents the time of
day when you will be the 5.
65. x ≤ -2
same distance from the 33. (-2, 5), (-1, 3), (0, 1), x y  
base of the mountain on
       (1, -1), (2, -3); the -7 7
both the hike up and the points form a line.
 
3B Ready To Go On? hike down. -3 3  
y
1. -OUNTAIN(IKE  -1 1
 
        5 -5
x
$ISTANCE

2. y
  
      
 
3. x
   
34. (-2, 3), (-1, 2), (0, 1),
     
4IME

13. (1, 0), (2, 1); the points
       20. Both graphs would start form a V-shaped figure.
from the origin and then y
14.
  
rise. The graph for the
    
brick would increase rap-
15. idly and then drop sud-
       x
denly to zero. The graph
   
27. for the rolled ball would
       increase less rapidly and
 then slowly drop to zero.
28.
      

Additional Answers A15

 6. 4. y 12. about 10.5 in. 19. y
x y  !TLANTIC/CEAN&LOOR3PREADING 

0 0   
 

$ISTANCESPREADINGIN
2 -4  
x
     
2 -2 x
     
y x
20. y
   

5. y 
 


 x
        
26a. {(60, 360), (120, 720),
x
 4IMEYR

(180, 1080), (240, 1440), 
21. y
(300, 1800)} 13. 
y
"ICYCLING
6. y
 
x
  
#ALORIESBURNED

        
x
 
  
  22. y
x
 7. y   
14. y


 
    x
   
4IMEMIN
 x
b. D: {60, 120, 180, 240,      23. y
300}; R: {360, 720,  
1080, 1440, 1800} 8. 
y

c. Yes; each domain value  x
15. y
is paired with exactly one  
x   
range value.     

4-4 Exercises  24. y
 x 
1. y

    

9. y 
x
 x
 
   
x

     16. 
y
28. 
y
 x

   



2. y 10. y x 
x 
    
    
29. y

 17. y
 
x 
     
 
x
x   
 
3. y
 30. y x
18. y  

 
 x
 
x  
    

A16 Additional Answers

31. y $RAINING 17. y Reading and Writing
 3WIMMING0OOL 
Math

 
x 
  1. %MPLOYEES%ARNINGS
   

6OLUMEGAL
 
 


4OTALPAY
 
32. 
y 
18. y
 


  

       
x 4IMEH x    
    (OURSWORKED
 
4A Ready to Go On?
33. y 19. Possible answer: 85 mi Hours Worked Total Pay ($)
3. 1UIZ3CORE
 3PEEDOF3TORM 0 0

1 8
3CORE

 
x  
2 16

$ISTANCEMI
 
    3 24
     
0ROBLEMSMISSED  4 32
34. 
y 
 5 40
5. D: {-2, 0, 2}; R: {3}; a 

function; each element in The table shows some
x 
the domain is assigned to   
  ordered-pair solutions to
4IMEH
 exactly 1 element in the the equation. The graph is
range. 4-5 Technology Lab a visual representation of
35. y 6. D: {-4 ≤ x ≤ 2}; all ordered-pair solutions
1.
 R: {0 ≤ y ≤ 4}; func- to the equation, including
 tion; each element in the those in the table.
x domain is assigned to
5-1 Exercises
   exactly one element in
the range. 8. A constant change of –3
in x corresponds to differ-
36. y
x 13. y ent changes in y.

   x
9. y
     Chapter 4 Test
 
x

16. 3LEEP2EQUIREMENTS 
 

55a. v = 10,000 - 1500h  

(OURSNEEDED

b. 8500 gal 
14. 
y 
10. y
c. 
Volume 
Time (h) 
(gal)
x  
0 10,000   x
 
   
1 8,500      

2 7,000 !GEYR
15. y 12. y
3 5,500

4 4,000 
x
x Chapter 5   
  

 Are You Ready?

16. y
5–12. y G
 
A
 C 
F
E x
     
x B
 D
   H 

Additional Answers A17

 13. 4RAIN4RAVEL 45. y The table gives some ordered pairs

(x, y) that satisfy the equation
y = 2x - 1. The graph is a represen-
$ISTANCEMI

 x
  tation of all ordered pairs (x, y) that

satisfy y = 2x - 1.

53. Possible answer: The value in cents
 46. y of x dimes is y = 10x. Since you can
 
4IMEH  only have a whole number of dimes,
x the domain and range are restricted
D: x ≥ 0; R: y ≥ 0    to whole numbers.

14. -OVIE2ENTALS 54a. Possible answer: Each constant
 change in time (+ 3 minutes) cor-
3
  y=_-3 responds with a constant change in
2x
 calories (+ 27 Calories).

#OST

 47. y
   b. *UANS7ORKOUT
 x

   

#ALORIESBURNED

 
   
-OVIESRENTED 

D: {0, 1, 2, 3, …} 48. y


R: {$6.00, $8.50, $11.00, $13.50, …} x
  
15. Each domain value is paired with   
4IMEMIN
exactly one range value. 

16. Each domain value is paired with 5-2 Exercises

exactly one range value. 49. y 9. y
x
17. Each domain value is paired with   x
  
exactly one range value.  
18. A constant change of +3 in x corre-  
sponds to different changes in y.
19. A constant change of +1 in x cor-
51b. -OLLYS%ARNINGS 10.
responds to a constant change of +1 y

in y. 

20. A constant change of –3 in x corre-

0AY

sponds to a constant change of –2 x

  
in y. 

42. y 
11. y
    x

x     
  4IMEWORKEDH

 D: x ≥ 0; R: y ≥ 0
52. Possible answer:
43. y
x y = 2x - 1 12. y

-2 -5
 x
-1 -3 
x  
 0 -1 
 
1 1
44. y 2 3
 y
x 
   x
 
 

A18 Additional Answers

22a. "ASS0OPULATION 32a. !CCOUNT"ALANCE 48. y 26. y = -8x
 y

"ALANCE
 
0OPULATION 
 

x 
    
 
  
 4IMEMO  x
    
 D: {0, 1, 2, 3, …}; 5-5 Exercises
  
4IMEYR R: {$412, $408, 1
22. y = _ x k = -8; graph shows
$404, $400, …} 4 slope = -8
b. x-int.: time when bass y
pop. is 0; y-int.: number 33a. x x 
27. y = 7x
y x
of bass originally put in  x y
lake    


23a. +2ACE x 
 
   
$ISTANCETOFINISHLINEKM



 k = __
1
4
; graph shows x
  slope = __ 1
4      

 x = -6: x-int.: -6, no 23. y = 4x

k = 7; graph shows

y-int.; x = 1: x-int.: 1, no y
slope = 7
y-int.; x = 5: x-int.: 5, no 
28. y = -_9x
  
y-int.  
2
4IMEMIN b. y y x y
   
b. x-int.: total time to run 
 y
race (when dist. to fin- 
x k = 4; graph shows
ish line is 0); y-int.: total    x
  slope = 4
length of race (when     
y
time is 0) 24. y = 3x

28. y
y 
y = -3: no x-int., y-int.:

 k = -__
9
; graph shows
-3; y = 2: no x-int.,  2
 x slope = -__
9
y-int.: 2; y = 7: no x-int., 
2
x     2
_
29. y = - x

y-int.: 7 9
 
y
5-4 Exercises  
29. y
46. y 

 x k = 3; graph shows x

x slope = 3
   
 
  25. y = 2x 


y 


31b. x-int.: number of years 

k = -__
2
; graph shows
after 1800 when there 47. y  x 9


slope = -__ 2
9
will be no acres of tropi-    
3
cal forest; y-int.: million
 30. y = _ x
2
acres of tropical forest   
y
in 1800 x
    
k = 2; graph shows 
 x
slope = 2
    



k = __
3
2
; graph shows
slope = __ 3
2

Additional Answers A19

 4
31. y = _ x 37b. 7. min.: 5-6 Exercises
3
y 7ASHING-ACHINE%FFICIENCY m = 0.7(217 - 0.85a)
 4. y
 = 151.9 - 0.595a 
  

7ATERSAVEDGAL
x  max.:
   
  m = 0.8(217 - 0.85a)    x

  = 173.6 - 0.68a

 
 5A Ready to Go On? 2
 9. y = _ x - 6
3. 5
k = __
4
3
; graph shows      y x
slope = __ 4
3 ,OADSOFLAUNDRY
7ATERIN0OOL
  

7ATERREMAININGGAL
1
32. y = _ x No; possible answer:
 
5
Mischa cannot wash a  
y

fraction of a load of laun- 
 dry, so only points whose
 x x-coord. is a whole num-     
   
ber make sense in this 4IMEMIN 10. y = 3x - 1

situation. y
 x-int.: 20; y-int.: 120; 
38. Possible answer: Yes; x-int.: time when there
y x
since the ratio __x is the
k = __
1
5
; graph shows will be no water left in   
same for all ordered pairs,
slope = __ 1
5
pool; y-int.: orig. amount 
2x must correspond to 2y. of water in pool
33. y = -6x
y 5A Multi-Step Test Prep 4. y 11. y = -2x + 4
1.  y
 Maximum Heart 
  x
 Age (yr) Rate (beats/min)
 x  

     13 205.95 x
  
 14 205.1
5. y

15 204.25
k = -6; graph shows 13. y
16 203.4  
slope = -6
17 202.55
34. y = -_1x  
2 18 201.7 x
 
y  

2. x-int.: 255.29; y-int.: 217; 
 slope: -0.85 6. y x
 x -AXIMUM(EART2ATE   

    
RATEBEATSMIN
-AXIMUMHEART


 
14. y
 x x

    

k = __
1 
2
; graph shows  7.
   
slope = __ 1
2 !GEYR 2AIN'AUGE 
2
35. y = _ x
7 3. x-int.: the (hypothetical) 
INH
y
 age at which someone’s INH 15. y
2AININ

 x

max. heart rate would be INH   
 0 beats/min; y-int.: max. 

INH
    heart rate of someone 

 who is 0 years old. INH

 4. slope: how much max.    
heart rate decreases for 4IMEH

k = __
2
7
; graph shows each year that someone
slope = __ 2
7
ages; because as age
increases, max. heart rate
decreases
5. The slope is steeper, and
the y-int. is less.

A20 Additional Answers

 1
16. y 27. y = _ x + 4 5-8 Exercises 11.
 2 
y

y 55. If the line containing A

  gx

and B has the same slope
 as the line containing B
x  −−   
and C, then either AB is fx
   x −− 

par. to BC or they are the
  
same line. They cannot
1x + 3
21. y = -_
2x + 2 be par. because they both 1
2 28. y = -_ g(x) = _ x
y 3 contain C. Therefore they 5

y must be the same line. 12.

 60. y

 
 fx gx
x
x x
   
   
x
  
1  
22. y = _ x - 5 29. y = -2x + 8

3
y x y 61. y g(x) = -2x + 4
     13. y
 x
x
 
      
x 

   
gx  f x

23. y = x + 6 62.
5-7 Exercises y
y 
54.
x 1x - 6
g(x) = -_

   3
   
 14. y

x 55. gx f x
  
5-9 Exercises x
      
9. y     
24. y = -2x + 4 
gx fx 
y
56. y
 
 x x


       g(x) = -5x -1
 
x 15. y

   gx f x

7 57. rot. about (0, -2)
25. y = _ y x
2  (steeper)    
y 
 10. y
  fx
  gx

x x rot. about (0, 0) (steeper)
x
   
     and trans. 2 units down

58. y 16. y
26. y = -4x + 9   f x

y x  gx
rot. about (0, 1) (less
  x
  steep)
    





x rot. about (0, 0) (less
   steep) and trans. 1 unit up

Additional Answers A21

 17. gx  y 23. y fx 33. rot. about (0, 0) (steeper) 38b. y = 12x + 30

gx and trans. 3 units down "OOK#LUB#OSTS
f x  y
x 
x  
fx 
        x 

#OSTS
  
  
    
g x


rot. about (0, 0) (steeper) rot. about (0, 2) (less
and trans. 1 unit up steep) diff. slopes, diff. y-intercepts.
    
18. y 24. 34. rot. about (0, 0) (steeper) "OOKSPURCHASED

gx f x and trans. 1 unit up
f x
 y c. The graph in part a is
x x translated 10 units up to
     fx
    x get the graph in part b.
gx  
  39. trans. 9 units down
 
g x 40. ref. across y-axis
rot. about (0, 0) (less g(x) = -6x 41. rot. about (0, 0) (steeper)
steep) and trans. 3 units diff. slopes, diff. y-intercepts.
25. y 42. rot. about (0, 1) (less
down 
f x gx 35. Possible answer: steep), and trans. 1 unit up
19. translated 25 units up;  y
43. rot. about (0, 0) (steeper)
rotated about (0, 25) (less x 
    x 44. rot. about (0, 0) (less
steep)

   steep)
20. y  47. Possible answer: A vert.

f x trans. moves every point
 g(x) = 3x - 2 on a graph up or down.
x g(x) = x + 2
    26. y For example, when
 fx (Answers may vary f(x) = x is translated up
gx  depending on the point 5 units, every point on the
 x of rotation used.) graph is translated up
 
1
trans. _ unit up
  36. g(x) = -x - 5 5 units.
2 y
21. y gx 48a. y = 3x
    x
f x y

 rot. about (0, 0) (steeper)
and trans. 1 unit down
   x 
gx x
 27. y
gx fx 1
 37. g(x) = _ x - 4 b. Possible answer: Jen is
 6
x walking from the stadium
trans. 4 units down y
     x to the softball field, and
22. y     the stadium is 100 ft


 closer to the field than
 the school is.
x
rot. about (0, 0) (steeper) c. the dist. from the school
   f x
and trans. 5 units down when the walk begins
gx
38a. y = 12x + 20
32. rot. about (0, 0)
 "OOK#LUB#OSTS 51. y
(less steep)

rot. about (0, -1) (less y 
 
steep)  fx  x
#OSTS

x 
 

  
gx
 
 58. y = -2x + 3 and

y = -2x - 4
diff. slopes; same y-int. 
3 x and
59. y = -_
   
"OOKSPURCHASED 5
y + 1 = -_ 3 (x - 2)
5

A22 Additional Answers

60. 3x - 5y = 5 and 10. 12. It is a vert. translation of 7. y
y
5x + 3y = -21; 
the graph of y = x 
k units up if k > 0 and
5y = -2x - 15 x 
5    k units down if k < 0.
and y = _ x - 2
 x
2  y\x \  
61. x = 4 and y = -3;
 y\x \
2y + x = 6 and 1
16. y = -4x - 1 and y = _ x 8. y
4  x
y = 2x + 3 3 4
17. y = - _ x and y = _ x ;  x  

4 3 
5B Ready to Go On? y = 4 and x = 3 y\x \

1. y 20. y
yx 

13. It is a horiz. translation of
x
yx x the graph of y = x
9. y
      h units right if h > 0, and

  h units left if h < 0.
y 

x
2. y 21.  
 y\x \  

 y\x\

?Ê
y 



x y\x\
10. y
x        x
  ?Ê
 y 



x 

x
22. translated 50 units down;
3. y x Chapter 5 Test    
   rotated about (0, 250)
 and become steeper 10. y
11. y
 x
 Extension Exercises x 
 
 2. axis of symmetry: x = -3;    
vertex: (-3, 0); x-int.: -3; 

4. y y-int.: 3; D: all real num-
 bers; R: y ≥ 0
11. y
y 30.
 
x  x       
    
x 31.
   
5. y
1 x + 3 and       
 13. y = -_
2
3. axis of symmetry: x = 0; x + 2y = 4 32.
   x vertex: (0, 0); x-int.: 0;
 14. y - 2 = 3x and
y-int.: 0; D: all real       
y = -_ 1x + 5
numbers; R: y ≥ 0 3 33.
6. y y 20. rot. about (0, 2.5) (less

 steep) and trans.       
x

x 1.5 units up
  
  6-1 Exercises


18b. (AT#HARGES
Chapter 6
#OSTOFHATS

8. y 4. axis of symmetry: x = 3;  (ATS/FF

Are You Ready?
 vertex: (3, 0); x-int.: 3;

y-int.: 3; D: all real num- 6. y 4OP3TUFF

bers; R: y ≥ 0 

x   
y x
   (ATS
 
 
9. y
x
    



   x

Additional Answers A23

 6-3 Exercises 15. y 28. 15x + 11y ≤ 77; possible 36. y

(
28. - _1 , 2 ; possible
2 ) 
x
answer: (2, 2.5); you can-
not buy half a fish.


answer: I would use 

  &ISH#OMBINATIONS
x
graphing because both 
  
equations are in slope- 

#LOWNFISH
intercept form.
37. 7a + 4s ≥ 280; possible
( )
15 9 16. y 
29. _, _ ; possible answer: answer: (40, 10), (40, 20),
7 7 
x (20, 100)
I would use elimination,
   4ICKETS3OLD
because when the first 
   
equation is multiplied by 9ELLOWTANGS

3TUDENTTICKETS

-2 the x-coefficients are
opposites. 17. y 29. y



6-4 Exercises x
x


30a. c = 50 + 1.1b;   
 

   
c = 40 + 1.1b 
!DULTTICKETS
b. Never; the slope, or
cost of the buttons, is 30. y 40b.
18. y
4EDDY"EAR#OMBINATIONS
the same, and the initial 

costs, or y-intercepts, are x
x
  
different.  


"OYBEARS
 
c. For the same price, the
y-intercept would have 
to be changed to 40. 19a. 3x + 2y ≤ 30 31. y

Possible answers: The b. &OOD#OMBINATIONS 
y-intercept may be low- x     
(OTDOGSLB

  
ered to a value lower  'IRLBEARS

than 40, or the slope

may be changed to a 6-6 Exercises
value lower than 1.1.  32. y
5. 
y
 

6-5 Exercises (AMBURGERMEATLB
x
5. y c. Possible answer: (3 lb    x
hamburger, 2 lb hot-     

x dogs), (5 lb hamburger,
   6 lb hotdogs)
33. y
Possible answer: solu-

27b. Possible answer:  tions: (3, 3), (4, 3); not
(length: 3 yd, width: x

solutions: (0, 0), (2, 1)
6. y 1 yd), (length: 1 yd,  
 6. y
 width: 6 yd), (length: 
x 6 yd, width: 2 yd) 
  2ECTANGULAR'ARDEN 34. y x
   
  
7IDTHYD

7. y  
  x
Possible answer: solu-

  
 tions: (0, 0), (1, 1); not
  solutions: (2, -1), (3, 1)
35. y
  7. y
     x 
,ENGTHYD  x
 
8. 
y
 
 
x
 

Possible answer: solu-

tions: (0.5, 3), (1, 3); not
solutions: (0, 0), (-1, 2)

A24 Additional Answers

 8. y 20. y 28. y 40. $IMENSIONSFOR$OG!REA
x 
  x
x 


,ENGTHFT
  



 

Possible answer: Possible answer: 30. 0LANTING#OMBINATIONS    

solutions: (0, 0), (1, 1); solutions: (-2, -2), 7IDTHFT

not solutions: (3, 0), (-3, -2); not solutions:

3OYBEANSACRES
(-3, -4) 41. Yes; the solutions of the
(0, 0), (1, -4) 
system
9. 
y 21. y
y≥x+4
  
x y≤x+4
   are represented by all the
x    
  #ORNACRES ordered pairs on the line
y = x + 4.
Reasonable solutions are
10. y Possible answer: solu- positive rational numbers; 42a. x + y ≤ 40
tions: (-1, 3), (0, 5); not possible answer: (60, 80), b. 15x + 12y ≥ 540
x

solutions: (0, 0), (1, 4) (100, 60) c. 4EDDY"EAR#OMBINATIONS
 
 22. y 31. y
 

"OYBEARS
x x
 
11. y    
   
x
  
Possible answer: solu-   
32. y
'IRLBEARS
tions: (-2, 0), (-3, 1); 
not solutions: (0, 0), (1, 4) x 6-6 Technology Lab
12. y
23. y   1. Possible answer:
 (0, 0), (1, -1)
  2. Possible answer:
x x 33. y (0, 0), (1, 0)
   
  3. Possible answer:
x

(0, 0), (-2, 2)
13. 
y
24. y  
x  4. No solution
x
  
   6B Multi-Step Test Prep
34. y
2. 4EDDY"EAR#OMBINATIONS



 
'IRLBEARS

14. y
25. y
x
 
   
 x x 
  
  38.     
"OYBEARS
(EIGHTIN



19. y
26. y  6B Ready to Go On?
   4. y
x x x
   
    
    
 
!GEYR

Possible answer: (20, 70),
Possible answer: solu-
27. y (19, 75), (18, 69)
tions: (-2, 0), (-3, 1);
not solutions: (0, 0), (1, 4) x



Additional Answers A25

 5. y x 21. Let x = pounds of mangos, and 53. x3 - x2 - x + 10
   y = pounds of apples. 54. 2x3 - 3x2 - 14x + 15

 x ≤ 45 55. -10x4 + 2x3 + 20x2 -
  y ≤ 50 ; 19x + 3

4x + 3y ≥ 300
56. x3 - 8x2 + 21x - 18
possible answer:
6. y 57. 8x5 - 2x4 - 12x3 +
(45, 40), (42, 50)
 17x2 - 21
&RUIT#OMBINATIONS
x 58. x3 - 12x2 + 48x - 64
  
  59. x3 - 3x - 2

!PPLESLB

60. 12x4 + 60x3 - 2x2 -
2x + 40
7. y 

61. -x3 + 3x2- 3x + 1


   99. y
-ANGOSLB 
x x
  
  

8. 30x + 15y ≤ 150 Chapter 7 
0OSSIBLE#LOTHING
#OMBINATIONS 7-2 Exercises 100. y

55.
 x
  
3HIRTS

      
 
 56. 

          101. y

0ANTS
57.
Possible answer: (4, 2), (3, 2), (2, 6) x
  
       
15. Possible answer: solutions: (0, 0), 
(2, 2); not solutions: (-6, 0), (-4, 4)
7-6 Exercises
y
66. y 7B Ready To Go On?
x 7. cubic trinomial
 
  8. quadratic monomial

 9. quartic polynomial
x
   10. quadratic trinomial
16. Possible answer: solutions: (2, 0),
67. 11. 7th-degree polynomial
(2, -2); not solutions: (6, 0), (-4, 0)
y
 12. quartic polynomial

 14. 10m3 + 11m2 + 3m
x
x 15. 12t2 + 2t - 6
     
16. 12d6 + 2d4 - 3d2 + 1

68. y 17. 6y3 + 2y2 - 3y
 18. 2n2 - 8n
17. Possible answer: solutions: (-6, 6),
(-5, 0); not solutions: (2, 0), (4, 8)  19. 5b3 + b2 - 4b - 10
x
y 21. 10h8
  
 22. -6s9t7
 7-7 Exercises 23. 10a4b + 6a3b2
x

49. 10x2 - x - 2 24. 9k2 + 30k + 25
 
50. x2 - 3x + 2 25. 8x5 + 2x3y + 12x2y + 3y2
51. 7x2 - 52x - 32 26. 9p4 + 21p3 - 23p2 - 15p
52. 6x2 + 35x + 49 28. d 2 + 18d + 81
29. 4t2 + 12t + 9
30. 4x2 + 20xy + 25y2

A26 Additional Answers

31. m2 - 8m + 16 50.
32. a2 - 2ab + b2 n n 2 + 11n + 28 (n - 15)(n + 3)
33. 9w2 - 6w + 1 0 0 + 11(0) + 28 = 28
2
(0 + 4)(0 + 7) = 28
34. c2 - 4 1 1 2 + 11(1) + 28 = 40 (1 + 4)(1 + 7) = 40
35. 25r2 - 36 2 2 2 + 11(2) + 28 = 54 (2 + 4)(2 + 7) = 54
3 3 2 + 11(3) + 28 = 70 (3 + 4)(3 + 7) = 70
4 4 2 + 11(4) + 28 = 88 (4 + 4)(4 + 7) = 88
Chapter 8
8-4 Exercises
8-3 Exercises 13. (2a - 1)(2a + 5)
16.
14. (3x - 1)(5x + 3)
n n 2 + 6n - 7 (n + 7)(n - 1) 15. (2x - 3)(x + 2)
0 0 + 6(0) - 7 = -7
2
(0 + 7)(0 - 1) = -7
16. (3n + 2)(2n - 5)
1 1 2 + 6(1) - 7 = 0 (1 + 7)(1 - 1) = 0
17. (10x + 1)(x - 1)
2 2 2 + 6(2) - 7 = 9 (2 + 7)(2 - 1) = 9
18. (x + 1)(7x - 10)
3 3 2 + 6(3) - 7 = 20 (3 + 7)(3 - 1) = 20
19. -1(2x + 3)(x - 4)
4 4 2 + 6(4) - 7 = 33 (4 + 7)(4 - 1) = 33
20. -1(2n - 1)(2n + 9)
22. (x + 3)(x + 12)
21. -1(5x + 3)(x - 2)
23. (x - 1)(x - 5)
22. -1(x - 2)(6x - 1)
24. (x - 3)(x - 6)
23. -1(2x - 1)(2x + 5)
25. (x - 4)(x - 8)
24. -1(5x + 9)(x - 2)
26. (x + 4)(x - 3)
25. (3x + 2)(3x + 1)
27. (x + 7)(x - 3)
26. (2x + 5)(x + 1)
28. (x + 12)(x - 3)
27. (n + 2)(3n + 2)
29. (x - 13)(x + 1)
28. (10d + 7)(d + 1)
30. (x - 12)(x + 2)
29. (4c - 5)(c - 3)
31. (x - 7)(x + 5)
30. 2(3x + 1)(x + 2)
32.
31. (2x + 5)(4x + 1)
n n 2 - 12n - 45 (n - 15)(n + 3) 32. (3x - 2)(2x -3)
0 0 - 12(0) - 45 = -45
2
(0 - 15)(0 + 3) = -45
33. (5x - 6)(x + 3)
1 1 2 - 12(1) - 45 = -56 (1 - 15)(1 + 3) = -56
34. (2x + 7)(3x + 1)
2 2 2 - 12(2) - 45 = -65 (2 - 15)(2 + 3) = -65
35. (10n - 7)(n - 1)
3 3 2 - 12(3) - 45 = -72 (3 - 15)(3 + 3) = -72
4 4 2 - 12(4) - 45 = -77 (4 - 15)(4 + 3) = -77 36. (3x + 2)(x + 3)
37. (7x + 1)(x + 2)
38. (x + 5)(x - 4)
38. (3n + 1)(n + 1)
39. (x - 2)(x - 9)
39. (3x - 4)(x - 5)
40. (x + 3)(x - 7)
40. (3x + 4)(2x + 1)
41. (x + 1)(x + 9)
41. (x - 7)(4x - 3)
42. (x - 4)(x - 8)
42. (5x + 3) (2x + 5)
43. (x + 6)(x + 7)
43. (4y - 1) (3y + 5)
44. (x - 4)(x - 3)
44. (3x - 2)(x + 4)
45. (x + 2)(x + 9)
45. (2x - 1)(2x + 3)
46. (x + 3)(x - 9)
46. (2n + 1) (n - 4)
47. (x - 3)(x + 8)
47. (3x + 5)(x - 3)
48. (x - 3)(x - 7)
48. (n + 1)(3n - 4)
49. (x - 5)(x + 9)
49. -1(2x - 3)(2x + 5)
50. -1(x - 4)(3x - 4)
51. -1(3x - 2)(x + 1)

Additional Answers A27

 52. 12x 2 + 27x + 6; 3(4x + 1)(x + 2) 8-5 Exercises
53. 2x 2 - 5x + 2; (x - 2)(2x - 1) 36. They are similar in that the first and last terms of each are
54. 5x 2+ 31x - 28; (x + 7)(5x - 4) perfect squares. They are different in that a perfect-square
55. (9n + 8)(n + 1) trinomial has 3 terms and a difference of 2 squares has
2 terms.
56. (2x + 1)(x - 4)
37. Multiply a binomial by itself. Choose 2 perfect squares,
57. (2x - 1)(2x - 5)
find 2 times the product of their square roots, and then
58. cannot be factored write these 3 expressions as a sum.
59. (3x + 8)(x + 2)
8B Ready To Go On?
60. -1(3x - 1)(x + 4)
4. no; -4x ≠ 2(x)(2)
61. (3x + 4)(2x - 3)
5. yes; (3x - 2)2
62. (5a + 3)(2a + 1)
6. No; the last term must be positive.
63. (2x - 3)(2x - 3)
8. yes; (x - 11)(x + 11)
8-4 Technology Lab 9. no; 20 is not a perfect square.
5. (x - 5)(x + 1) 10. yes; (1 - 3y2)(1 + 3y2)
11. yes;
(5m + 2m3)(5m - 2m3)=
m 2(5 + 2m 2)(5 - 2m 2)
12. no; terms must be subtracted.
13. (r2 - t)(r2 + t)
21. 3x(x - 2)2
6. (3x - 2)(x + 6) 22. 4m(2m + 1)(2m - 1)
23. 5xy(x + 3)(x - 3)
24. unfactorable
25. 3(c + 7)(c - 3)
26. x(x + 3)(x - 3)(x 2 + 9)
27. (
2 - 36); (
+ 6)(
- 6)
28. a 2- 8a + 16; (a - 4)2
29. 2v 2 + 2v - 12;
8A Ready To Go On?
2(v 2 + v - 6);
21. (n + 4)(n + 5) 2(v + 3)(v - 2)
22. (d - 7)(d + 1) 30. 3h3 + 3h2 - 6h;
23. (x - 4)(x - 2) 3h(h 2 + h - 2);
24. (y + 10)(y - 3) 3h(h + 2)(h - 1)
25. (k - 5)(k - 1) 31. (9x)(8x) - (8y)(4y);
26. (c - 4)(c - 6) 8(9x 2 - 4y 2);
27. 8(3x - 2y)(3x + 2y)
n n 2 + 3n - 4 (n + 4)(n - 1)
0 0 + 3(0) - 4 = -4
2
(0 + 4)(0 - 1) = -4
Chapter 9
1 1 2 + 3(1) - 4 = 0 (1 + 4)(1 - 1) = 0
2 2 2 + 3(2) - 4 = 6 (2 + 4)(2 - 1) = 6 Are You Ready?
3 3 2 + 3(3) - 4 = 14 (3 + 4)(3 - 1) = 14 5. y

4 4 2 + 3(4) - 4 = 24 (4 + 4)(4 - 1) = 24
28. (2x + 1)(x + 5)
29. (3n + 7)(n + 3) 

30. (5y + 3)(y - 2)  x

31. (2g - 2)(2g - 3)    

32. 6(p - 4)(p + 1)

33. (4d - 3)(3d + 4)

A28 Additional Answers

 6. y 25. y 9A Ready To Go On? 23. The graph g(x) is nar-

x
7.  y rower, has the same axis
  

of symmetry, also opens
 x upward, and its vertex is
      translated 3 units up to
x 
 (0, 3).
    x

 24. The graph g(x) has the
26.  y D: all real numbers same width, has the same
7. y
  R: y ≥ -2 axis of symmetry, opens
 15. downward, and
y
its vertex is translated

4 units down to (0, -4).

 x
x 

   
x
 x
    Chapter 10
8. y 27a.
16. y x
10-1 Lesson Quiz
 &ALLING3UNGLASSES 
 

1. Lamar Place and

Candlerun
 
(EIGHTM

2. week 1
 
3. circle graph; to compare
x 
 
 each type of cake to all

 cake orders
17. y x
9-3 Exercises         
-UFFIN/RDERSATA"AKERY

21. 4IMES 
y
 x ,EMONPOPPY
 SEED
  35c. "OTTLE2OCKET
  "ANANANUT
  #INNAMON

 CHIP
 
(EIGHTFT

"LUEBERRY
x  
18. y x
22. 
y      10-2 Check It Out!

  4a.
x    
  
4IMES Cumulative

Interval Frequency Frequency
d. The vertex represents the
x  time, 1.4 s, that the water 19. y x 28–31 2 2
23. x
 bottle rocket has spent in     32–35 7 9

y the air when it reaches 36–39 5 14
x

its highest point, 81.6 ft.  40–43 3 17
 
 9A Multi-Step Test Prep 
10-2 Exercises

2. "OTTLE2OCKET 20. y x 4. Interval Frequency

   
24. x
  19–22 4

y 23–26 6

(EIGHTFT



27–30 5

 31–34 3
x

 21. The graph of g(x) is the
 
same width, has the same
     axis of symmetry, also
4IMES
opens upward, and its
vertex is translated 2 units
down to (0, -2).
22. The graph of g(x) is wider,
has the same axis of sym-
metry, also opens upward,
and its vertex is the same.

Additional Answers A29

 5. "REATHING)NTERVALS c. )NTERVALSOF
B. Someone might believe that brand
B has a much greater percentage of
satisfied customers.
 
Example 2
&REQUENCY

 
A. The intervals on the vertical axis are

.UMBER
  not equal.

 B. Someone might believe that the


amount of rainfall fell dramatically
  from 1997 to 1999.
n
  n n
n   Example 3

4IMEMIN
n  n n n A. The sectors do not add to 100%.
   
6a. Cumulative 'RADE B. Someone might believe that the
Interval Frequency county spends most of its money on
Frequency d. )NTERVALSOF
road maintenance.
750–790 1 1

Example 4
700–740 2 3 
650–690 2 5  Although 3 is the mean number of
 pets per household, 4 of the 5 results
.UMBER

600–640 3 8  are less than 3. In this case, the medi-

550–590 2 10 
an of the data, 2, is a better measure.

500–540 5 15
 10-4 Exercises

7.  17a. The first question asks whether 2
 
Summer Stem Winter n n people can have the same finger-
 
0 499 'RADE
print. The second question asks
whether someone could have
1 123499 e. As the size of the interval increases,
made a mistake.
9776553322 2 17 the number of bars decreases.
b. The fingerprint had to belong to
3 035 f. The histogram that uses intervals of
Dr. Arenson.
4 20; it makes Damien’s grades look
highest because the bar for 70–89 is c. Someone who wants to prove that
9743 5
much taller than the bar for 50–69. the fingerprint belongs to
Key: |2| 1 means 21 Dr. Arenson.
10-3 Exercises
7| 2| means 27 d. The fingerprint might not belong to
20. mean: 5.5; median: 5.5; mode: Dr. Arenson.
13a. Stem Leaves none; range: 9
e. Someone who wants to prove that
5 9 21. mean: 5.4; median: 5; mode: 5; the fingerprint does not belong to
6 08 range: 1 Dr. Arenson.
7 02257 22. mean: 3.5; median: 3.4; mode: 22.
8 1448 none; range: 5.3
23. mean: __1
; median: __
1
; mode: none;       
Key: 5| 9 means 59 2 2
range: 1 23.
b. )NTERVALSOF
24. mean: 24.2; median: 25; modes: 23,
25; range: 3       

25. mean: -2 __
1
median: ; -2 __
1
; mode: 24.
.UMBER

3 2
 -3; range: 2
 26. mean: 15__
1
6
; median: 12__
1
2
; mode:       

none; range: 35
 25. 7EIGHTVS!GE
       
n n n n n n n n
27. mean: 51.8; median: 51; mode: 51;
       
range: 2 
'RADE 
7EIGHTLB

28. mean: 1; median: 1; mode: 0 and 1; 

range: 4 

10-4 Additional Examples 
Example 1 
    
A. The scale on the vertical axis !GEMO
exaggerates the percent of satisfied A line graph shows the change in
customers. weight over time.

A30 Additional Answers

10-4 Lesson Quiz 6a. Chapter 10 Test Chapter 11
Last 12 Parties
1. The scale exaggerates
Number of 7. mean: ≈ 14.3; median:
the differences between 13.5; mode: 14; range: 36 Are You Ready?
People Frequency
the sitting fees; someone 8. 14. y
15–17 6
might believe that studio     
Z charges much less than 18–20 5 

its competitors. 21–23 0 

2. The vertical axis does not 24–26 1 

     
start at 0 which makes it x
appear that the number b. 0ARTY!TTENDANCE
11. The total of the percent-   

of members varied greatly ages is only 20%. 15. y
 
from month to month; the 12. Someone might believe
number of members did  that most of the money
not vary much throughout &REQUENCY
raised goes to charitable x
   
the year. causes.

3. The sectors do not add to  13. The managers of the char-
100%. ity might be able to get 16. y
 
4. Only 5 people were asked more people to contribute x
whether they liked to  under the invalid assump-   
   
snow ski. The sample is n n n n tion that most of their
   
too small. 0EOPLE money is going to chari- 
table causes.
10A Ready To Go On? 7c. Median or mode; the
17. y
mean is lower than most Cumulative Assessment
4. &UND 2AISER 
of the temperatures 21a. mean: 79; median: 77;
 because 1 day had a high mode: 76; range: 23
0ROCEEDSTHOUSANDSOF

x
 of only 38°F. b.
   

8. "INGO!GES0EOPLE
  11-1 Exercises
    
    
41a. Stage 0:



   
        
     
4IME0- 9. The vertical axis begins c. mean: 76.5, median:
A line graph shows at 80. This might make 76.5, mode: 76, range: Stage 1:
change over time. someone believe that the 52

5. List Prices of Cars value of the stock has d.

decreased dramatically. "INGO!GES0EOPLE
Stem Leaves Another company might
2 246678 
want to devalue this com- Stage 2:
   
3 023 pany’s stock.
4 1 10. The survey did not
address a random sam-
Key: 2|7 means $27,000    
ple. Because the survey
was online, those who e. Mean; mode; the mean Stage 3:
responded were probably decreased because
already somewhat com- the 16th person was
fortable using technology. very young. The mode
remained unchanged
10-7 Exercises
because there was no b. Stage
5. Independent; your order Squares
other 39-year-old.
does not affect what your 0 1
f. The addition of the
friend orders. 1 4
16th person changed
6. Dependent; the appoint- the appearance of the 2 16
ments that were already box-and-whisker plot by 3 64
scheduled affect the stretching out the left
appointment times avail- “whisker.”
able to you.

Additional Answers A31

 54. Susanna assumed the 9. y 23. As the x-values change by 39.
sequence was geometric   x a constant amount, the 
with r = 2. She used the y-values are not multiplied

formula to find a8 = 128. by a constant amount.
Paul noticed a pattern  

24. As the x-values change by
of “add 1, add 2, and so a constant amount, the
on.” He continued this y-values are multiplied by a
10. y
pattern by adding 3, add- 
  x constant amount.
ing 4, etc., until he got Possible answer: The
the 8th term of 29. Both 29. y x
graphs have the same
  
could be considered cor- basic shape and the same
rect because it was not  y-intercept; each graph
specified what type of  is steeper than the one
sequence was given.  before it.
11. y
58. y
x   x
30. y x
11A Multi-Step Test Prep
    2.
 





12. y
59. y 
 31. y




x
x 
  x
 
 
13. y x
60. y
    32. y x
  
x

  
 


14. y
4.

Lesson 11-2
33. 
y
6. 
y


x

   x
x   
15. y
  
38.
7. y  


x
   

16. y x
 
   
x 
   Possible answer: The 5.
8. y graphs have the same
 basic shape and the same
21. As the x-values change by y-intercept; each graph
 a constant amount, the is steeper than the one
y-values are multiplied by before it.
 a constant amount.
x

22. As the x-values change by
a constant amount, the
y-values are not multiplied
by a constant amount.

A32 Additional Answers

 11-5 Exercises 58. y 107. y
 x
28. 
y
  


 
x  x
   
 
 
 11B Ready To Go On?
59. y

11A Ready To Go On? 29. y 5. y
 x x


7. 
y    
x
 
  

60. y
x  x
  
30. y  6. y
 x  

8. y   
  
 x

  
11-5 Technology Lab
x
31. y 3. The graph of f(x) = 7. y
    x 
√
x + 1 + 4 will be shifted
  
9. y x 1 unit left and 4 units up

  from the graph of
x

 f(x) = √x. 
 


 32. y

 
10. y

x

Chapter 12

x
   
12-2 Exercises

10. y
33. y
4. The graph of f(x) = 2 √x 


will have a steeper curve.
x
12. y = 30,000(1.03)x; 
  
$40,317.49 
x
13. y = 2000(1.00375) 12x;
  

 
$2288.50
11. y
14. y = 1200(0.8)x; $491.52 38.  x
4SUNAMI3PEED   
16. y 


 11-9 Exercises
3PEEDMS


 105. y


 12. 
y

 x 
x   
 
      
x
7ATER$EPTHM
17. 
y 106. y    

44c. No; 9.93 seconds is too

 fast for the ride to make
13. 
y
one complete swing back x
x
and forth. The formula    x
  
is for a pendulum that  
is under the influence of
gravity only. This is not
true for the ride. 

Additional Answers A33

 23. y 34. y a. 10. x ≠ 0; x = 0 and y = 0

  y



  x x
x  
  
   
 
 
24. 
y 35. y
 b.
x 11. x ≠ -2; x = -2 and y = 0
 
   y
x 
 
   x
    

25. y 36. Approx. 1.67 lumens 

 
,UMINESCENCELUMENS

x  c.
12. x ≠ 1; x = 1 and y = 0
  
 y


    x
  
26. 
y     
$ISTANCEFT 

45. D: x > 15; 60. y

x R: nonnegative values 13. x ≠ -1; x = -1
x
 
and y = -3
 
  y

4IMEMO


27b.
 x
61. y   

 
 x
0ARTS

      
 -ONTHLY0AYMENT
 14.

46a. 
12A Ready To Go On?
0ACKAGES

 
   
4IMEH


!VERAGEPRICEOFPARTS  5. yes; constant product

6. no; cannot be written in
32. y 
 the form y = __kx    
    7. y #OST

x ,ANDSCAPERS
 
56c. 12B Multi-Step Test Prep
 x
2. x y
   
#ONSTRUCTIONDAYS

33. y 0 0
  2 -2.5

  4 -6.667
 8. y 6 -15
 
x 8 -40
     10 Undefined
   
x
7ORKERS 12 60
  
57. The graph of y = - __kx 14 35
is the reflection of the  16 26.667
graph of y = __kx across the
x-axis.

A34 Additional Answers

 3. 96. y
82. Procedure Justification
$ISTANCEFROMIMAGECM
 
-4 + 3r -
1.
 7(2s - r)

 -4 + 3r - 7(2s) -
2. Dist. Prop.
7(-r) 

-4 + 3r - 14s +
3. Multiply. 
     7r
$ISTANCEFROMOBJECTCM x
Comm. Prop.
4. 3r + 7r - 14s - 4     
of Add.
(-2, 6), (-1, 3), (0, 0), (1, 3), (2, 6);
Extra Practice Skills 5. (3r + 7r) - 14s - 4
Assoc. Prop.
V shape
of Add.
Chapter 1 Combine 97. y
6. 10r - 14s - 4 
1. 8 more than x; the sum of x and 8 like terms.

2. 6 times y; the product of 6 and y 83–86. y
 x
3. the difference of g and 4; 4 less A
    
than g 
B 
4. the quotient of 12 and h; 12 divided x
by h     
D
44. -1 · -1 · -1 · -1 · -1; -1  C
1
y = _x + (-2); (-6, -4), (-3, -3),
74. 12(100 + 8); 12(100) + 12(8); 3
1200 + 96 = 1296

(0, -2), (3, -1), (6, 0); line
75. 7(100 - 11); 7(100) - 7(11); 93.

y 98.

y

700 - 77 = 623
76. 11(30 + 3); 11(30) + 11(3);  

330 + 33 = 363 x
    x     
80. Procedure Justification
 
1. 6(p - 2) + 3p

6(p) + 6(-2) +
2. Dist. Prop.
3p 
y = x 2 - 4; (-2, 0), (-1, -3),
3. 6p + (-12) + 3p Multiply. (-2, -5), (-1, -4), (0, -3), (1, -2), (0, -4), (1, -3), (2, 0); U shape
Comm. Prop. (2, -1); line
4. 6p + 3p + (-12) Chapter 2
of Add. 94. y 1
 37. _ x + 3 = 17 - 3x; x = 4
5. (6p + 3p) + Assoc. Prop. 2
(-12) of Add.
 38. 2(x - 4) = x - 5; x = 3
Combine x
6. 9p - 12 Chapter 3
like terms.     
1. The sum of 3 and v is less than -2.

81. Procedure Justification 2. Fifteen is less than or equal to the
8q - 3 +  sum of k and 4.
1.
5q(2 + q) 3. The sum of -3 and n is greater
(-2, 4), (-1, 2), (0, 0), (1, -2),
8q - 3 + 5q(2) + than 6.
2.
5q(q)
Dist. Prop. (2, -4); line
4. The difference of 1 and 4x is greater
95. y
8q - 3 + 10q +  than or equal to -2.
3. Multiply.
5q 2 5.


8q + 10q + 5q 2 - Comm. Prop.       
4. x
3 of Add. 19.
           
5. (8q + 10q) + Assoc. Prop.
 20.
5q - 3
2
of Add.       
Combine like  21.
6. 18q + 5q - 3 2
terms.       
(-2, -4), (-1, -1), (0, 0), (1, -1), 22.
(2, -4); U shape       
30.
      

Additional Answers A35

 31. 60.
x y
       ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??   
32. 0 2
61.  
              -1 3  
33. 62.

??  ?? ?? ?? ??  -2 5
      
34. 63. 5. y

??  ??  ??  ??       
35. 67. 12 ≤ 6(5 - x); x ≤ -3; 
      

36.       
      
68. 
37.       
       
69.
38.       
      
70.     x
39.       
     
71. x y  
40.       

?? ??  ?? ??  ?? 72.
2 8  
41. ???
 ???
 ???
 ???
 ???
 ???
 ???

4 6  
      

?? ??  ?? ?? ?? 
6 4
73.  
42.       
       8 2
74.
43.
?? ?? ??  ?? ?? ?? 6. D: {-1, 3, 2, 5}; R: {-3, 0, 2, 4};
      
75. each domain value is paired with
44.        exactly one range value, so the rela-
      
76. tion is a function.
45.       
       7. D: {0, 5}; R: {-3, 1, 2, 4}; each
77. domain value does not have exactly
46.       
       one range value, so the relation is
78.
47.       
not a function.
      
85. 9. D: {4 ≤ x ≤ 8}; R: {2 ≤ y ≤ 8}; each
48.
      
       domain value is paired with exactly
86. one range value, so the
49.       
       relation is a function.
87.
50.      
11. The value of y is x squared; y = x 2.
 ?? ??  ?? ?? 
19.
88. y
51.       

       x
91.
52.            
      
92. 
53.       


 ?? ?? ?? ?? 
  
?? 93.
54.       
     
94.
55.       

?? ??  ?? ?? ?? ?? 20. Þ
Chapter 4 n
56.

??  ?? ??  ?? ?? 4. y È

57.
 ??  ??  ??  {

58. Ó

??  ?? ??  ?? ??
x Ý
59.
{ Ó ä Ó {
?? ?? ?? ?? ??  ??   

A36 Additional Answers

21. Þ 18. y 67. y 40. y


gx  x 

 x 

  x

    
 fx  x 

  x 
Ý
 19. y rot. about (0, 1) (less steep) 
   
 68. y
 41. y
x  
fx  x 

  gx  x 
 x
22.  Þ 
    x
 
   

 28. Yes; it can be written in

the form y = kx; k = __1
. rot. about (0, -1). 
Ý 2
69. y
     29. No; it cannot be written in
 42. y
 the form y = kx. gx  x 

fx  x 
x
30. Yes; it can be written in  

the form y = kx; k = __2
3
. x
23. y
45. y     

x
 rot. about (1, 1) and trans.
 x 
  
 down 1 unit.
70. y
 gx   Ú x
£ 43. 
y
 Ó 
fx  x 

x 
46. y  x
       
x 
  
Chapter 5 rot. and trans. down 1 unit. 

1. Yes; each domain value 71. y
gx  x 
 44. y
is paired with exactly one 
47. y fx  x 

range value; yes x

  
2. Yes; each domain value x x
is paired with exactly one       

 
range value; yes
72. y
3. Yes; each domain value 
3 1 
is paired with exactly one 54. y = - _ x - _ gx  x 

2 2 fx  x 
 x 45. y
range value; no 
57. y = 3x - 2 and y = 3x + 7  
1 1
4. Yes; a constant change of 63. y = _ x + _ 
4 4
+2 in x corresponds to a x
65. y

constant change of -1 in y. gx  x 


73. y    
fx  x 
5. No; a constant change of x gx  x
fx  x x 
+3 in x corresponds to   
  
different changes in y. 46. y
16. y
 66. y 
x fx  x
Chapter 6 x
gx  x  Ú
£
   x Ó 39. y    

  
  
x
17. y
     52. y



x 
 x
  
  





Additional Answers A37

 53. y Chapter 7 123. 4(2y - 1)(y + 1)
1 1 1 124. 9(3 - 2u)(3 + 2u)
66. - _ t 5 + _ t 3 + t + 4; - _
 3 2 3
x Chapter 8 125. 4(2x 2 + 5)(x + 1)(x - 1)
  
33. (x + 3)(x 2 - 2) 126. 5j(2j + 7)(j - 2)

34. (2m - 3)(m 2 + 4) 127. 3z(3z - 1)2
128. 2(2b + 9)(b - 4)

36. (3r + 5)(5r 2 - 2)
54. 
y
37. (2n - 1)(6n 2 - 5) Chapter 9
 38. (4z - 3)(z + 1)
2 1. Yes; the function can be written in
x 39. (2k - 3)(k - 4) the form y = ax 2 + bx + c.

  
40. (3p - 2)(p - 4) 2. No; the value of a = 0.


41. (5d - 3)(2d - 3) 3. Yes; the function can be written in
the form y = ax 2 + bx + c.
45. (x + 3)(x + 12)
55. y 6. y
 48. (x - 3)(x - 6) 

 49. (x - 4)(x - 7) 
x
51. (x - 3)(x + 7) x
   
52. (x + 4)(x - 9)     

 54. c c2 - 2c - 48 (c - 8)(c + 6)

56. y 0 -48 -48 


1 -49 -49
 7.  y
x
2 -48 -48

     3 -45 -45
4 -40 -40 

58. (2 x + 3)(x + 5) x
    
57. y 61. (2 x + 1)(3x + 4)
 
62. (3 x - 2)(x - 3)

x 63. (5x - 3)(2x - 5)
8. y
    70. (2 x - 3)(x + 4) 

73. (5x + 2)(2 x - 3)

76. -1(2 x - 1)(x - 5) x
58. 
y 77. -1(3x - 4)(2x + 3)     

 78. -1(4x + 3)(2x + 1) 

x 85. no; -14x ≠ 2(3x · 2) 
    

87. No; -16 is not a perfect square.
91. (2 - 4x 2)(2 + 4x 2) 9.

y

94. No; g 5 is not a perfect square. x
59. y
96. No; 120 is not a perfect square.    
x
107. 3r(2x - 3)(2x + 3)
   
112. 12b(b - 2)(b + 2)
 113. 4w 2(3w - 4)(2w + 1)

 114. 2k(3k + 4)(3k - 4)

115. a(4a - b)(a + 3) 19. y
60. y
116. 3xy(x - y) 2

117. 4q(3p - 4q)(3p + 4q) 

x x
 118. 8a 2(2a - 1)(2a + 1)
      
 119. m(m + 2n)(m + 3n)

 120. x(x + 32)
121. 3(2d - 1)(3d + 2) 

122. (2r + 3)(r - 6)

A38 Additional Answers

20. y 9. High Temperatures 30. After you pick the bottle of orange
 juice, there are fewer bottles of
Temperature (°C) Frequency
orange juice in the basket, so the

18–21 3 events are dependent.
x

22–25 5 31. The result of rolling the number
   
26–29 2 cube does not affect the result of

tossing the coin, so the events are
30–33 4
 independent.

21. y 10. (IGH4EMPERATURES Chapter 11


1. 625; 3,125; 15,625
 2. 46, 23, 11.5

&REQUENCY

9. Yes; as the x-values increase by a

constant amount, the y-values are
 multiplied by a constant amount.
   x
 
 10. No; as the x-values increase by

a constant amount, the y-values

    are not multiplied by a constant
22. y n n n n
     amount.
4EMPERATURESƒ#
11. Yes; as the x-values increase by a
 11.
constant amount, the y-values are
x
High Temperatures multiplied by a constant amount.
    
Temperature Frequency Cumulative 12. No; as the x-values increase by

(°C) Frequency a constant amount, the y-values
 18–21 3 3 are not multiplied by a constant
amount.
22–25 5 8
23. y
13. y
 26–29 2 10
 30–33 4 14
x 
14b. The mean is greater than all but
     one of the values and the mode is
 the smallest value in the set. The
median gives the best description
x
of the data.   
24. y 15.
14. y

      
x 16. 
    

    
 17a. The sectors do not add up to x
100%, so at least one age group is   
29. narrower; same axis of symmetry;
not shown.
both open upward; vertex of g(x) is
translated down 2 units b. Someone might believe that most 15. y x
 
30. wider; same axis of symmetry; g(x) listeners are between the ages of 

opens downward; same vertex 25 and 36.

31. narrower; same axis of symmetry, c. A person selling advertising time

g(x) opens downward; vertex of g(x) at the station might want to use 
is translated up 1 unit the graph to convince advertisers
that most listeners are between the
Chapter 10 ages of 25 and 36.
8. 3TEM ,EAVES 18. The sample is biased because
  people at the library are likely to
  spend more time reading than other
 
people in the town.
Key: 1]8 means 18

Additional Answers A39

 16. y x 34. all real numbers greater than or Chapter 12
  equal to 2 4. xy equals __
10
, so the relationship is
3
35. all real numbers greater than or an inverse variation.
equal to 0 5. The product xy is not constant, so
 36. all real numbers greater than or the relationship is not an inverse
equal to __
1
4 variation.

37.  y 6. xy equals - __
1
6
, so the relationship is
an inverse variation.
17. y 7. 
y
x

  

   x



x 38.  y

8. y
  

18. y x 
  x x

      





19. 
y
39.  y

x
25.  y     
x 
  

x

20. 
y
 


40.  y x
    


26.  y
x 

  
21. 
y
x

  
 x
    
41.  y 


27.  y
x 22. 
y
  

x x
      

 

42.  y 


23. 
y
31. all real numbers greater than or
equal to -1 x 
   x
32. all real numbers greater than or
    
equal to 2

33. all real numbers greater than or

equal to -4 

A40 Additional Answers

24.

y Chapter 4 8. 12.8 m
x 1. continuous >˜}iÀ`Õ}ÃÃÕ>µÊ>VˆiÀ
     Óä
-«ii`ʜvÊœ˜˜i½ÃÊ
>À

£x

“œÕ˜ÌÊ­“®




-«ii`
£ä
25. y
x

x
     ä x £ä
 /ˆ“i
/ˆ“iÊ­…®
 2. discrete
"OTTLESOF-INERAL7ATER Chapter 5
26. y
 1. D: {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}; R: {$0, $1.50,
  $3.00, $4.50, ...}
x 
#OSTOF0RINTS
"OTTLES

    
 


#OST
 


3x(x + 6)      
54. _
4 3IX PACKS
2y(y + 5)    
55. _ 3a. x y 0RINTS
3
_ 1 20 200
57. 2. D: {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}; R: {$40, $55, $70,
6(x + 2)
1 30 190 $85, ...}
86. 3x + 4 + _
x-2 35 185 *URY$UTY0AY

40 180

Extra Practice b. Yes; each domain value is paired
4OTALPAY


Applications with only one range value.

4. No; one of the domain values (93)
Chapter 3 is paired with more than one range 

1. Let x represent the weight of a box value.    

in ounces; x ≥ 15. 7. 15.75 mi $AYS

/ÕÀ̏i½ÃÊ7>Žˆ˜}Ê-«ii`
       3a. #HANG&AMILY4RIP
$ISTANCEFROM$ENVERMI

Óä
2. Let x be the age of a visitor to the 

museum; x < 13.

ˆÃÌ>˜ViÊ­“ˆ®

£x 


       
£ä


3. 96 + x ≤ 102; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or x     
6 additional customers could be
4IMEH
seated.
ä x £ä b. y-intercept: 400; this is the
4. 63 + x ≥ 74; the wind speed must
/ˆ“iÊ­…® starting distance from Denver.
be at least 11 mi/h greater.
x-intercept: 8; this is the time
12. 34 ≤ x ≤ 40 required to reach Denver (8 hours)

        
4. 1945 to 1950: 1.8 nations per year;
1950 to 1960: 3.9 nations per year;
13. 492 ≤ x ≤ 577 1960 to 1975: 3 nations per year.
  The U.N. grew at the greatest rate
      
from 1950 to 1960.
5. -4; the oven cools at a rate of
4°F per minute.

Additional Answers A41

 6. y = 9x 12. 5x + 8y < 100, where x is the num- Since the discriminant is negative,
3PEEDOFA2ACE 7ALKER ber of child shirts and y is the num- the equation has no real solutions.
ber of adult shirts. Possible com-
Chapter 10
 binations: 16 child shirts, 2 adult
$ISTANCEMI

shirts; 8 child shirts, 6 adult shirts. 4. 3TEM ,EAVES


 
  

 

!DULTSHIRTS

  

      Key: 6 ]5 means 65
4IMEH  5. Customers Per Day
7b. The y-intercept is 10. This is the  Customers Frequency
   
cost for 0 hours, or the initial rental #HILDSHIRTS 25–29 3
fee. The slope is 1.5. This is the rate
13. Possible combinations: 30–34 5
of change of the cost: $1.50 per
mile. 3 lb of beef cubes, 2 lb of liver 35–39 2
−− −− cubes; 2 lb of beef cubes, 3 lb of 40–44 4
9. slope of AB = slope of DC = -2 ;
−− −− 1 liver cubes.
slope of AD = slope of BC = _.
−− −− −− −− 2 7.
Therefore, AB⊥BC, BC⊥DC,
−− −− −− −−
,IVERCUBESLB

DC⊥AD, and AD⊥AB, so the 

figure has four right angles and        

is a rectangle. 8. Although the mean salary is $582, 4

10. The original graph will be translated of the 5 employees make less than
2 units up. The original graph will be    
this amount.
rotated about (0, 12.50). "EEFCUBESLB 9. The scale on the vertical axis does
not begin at 0. The graph may cause
Chapter 6 14. Possible combinations: length: 5 in.,
someone to believe that Anders’s
4. The company with the $200 setup width: 5 in.; length: 6 in., width: 4 in.
sales were three times those of
fee is cheaper if more than 14 jer- Williams.
seys are purchased. 
Chapter 11
7IDTHIN

9. No. Shanna’s time is given by y = 

190 - 8x and Maria’s time is given 5. The stock price increases by 10%
 x
by y = 175 - 8x, where x is the per year; y = 10(1.1) ; $19.49

number of years after 2003. The Chapter 12
graphs are two parallel lines. There
     1. D: 0 < x < 200; R: 1 < y < 200; it
is no solution to the system of equa-
,ENGTHIN would take about 3 min to type the
tions, so the two times will never be
paragraph.
equal.
Chapter 8 4YPING2ATES
10. Yes. Jordan’s distance is given by
11. 3x - 4; No, because the length of
y = 10x + 4 and Tim’s distance is
the sides cannot be negative. 
4IMEMIN

given by y = 12x, where x is the


number of hours since Tim left the Chapter 9
house. This is a consistent and inde- 5a. The graph for the ball that was 
pendent system, so there is a solu- dropped from 576 ft is a vertical
   
tion. Tim will catch up to Jordan in translation up 176 units of the
2 hours. 2ATEWORDSMIN
graph for the ball that was dropped
11. 4x + 5y ≤ 18, where x is the num- from 400 ft. 3. D: x > 0; R: whole numbers y > 3
ber of pounds of almonds and y is b. The ball dropped from 400 ft 3EED0ACKETS
the number of pounds of cashews. reaches the ground in 5 s. The ball
Possible combinations: 2 pounds dropped from 576 ft reaches the 
of almonds, 2 pounds of cashews; ground in 6 s. 
0ACKETS

3 pounds of almonds, 1 pound of

13. No; if the coin reached a height of
cashews. 
8 ft, there would be a real solution
#ASHEWSLB

 to the equation -16t 2 + 12t + 4 = 


8 or -16t 2 + 12t - 4 = 0. The
    
discriminant is b 2 - 4ac = 12 2 -
0RICE
   4(-16)(-4) = 144 - 256 = -112.
!LMONDSLB

A42 Additional Answers

 4. D: x ≥ 0; R: 0 < y ≤ 100 Transformations in the 4. Þ
Ó
!SHLEYS3AVINGS Coordinate Plane
Ý
2. Þ
{ Ó ä Ó


Ī Ó
-ONTHS

 Ó

Ī
 Ý
Step Functions
{ Ó ä Ī Ó {
 1.


Ó
/NLINE$ISCOUNTS
     
{
!MOUNTSAVED


$ISCOUNT
x (x - 1 ) 
7. __ , Line Plots 
2(2x + 5)(x + 2) 
where x is the number of men; ___
15
136
1. /ܜÊ7iiŽÊˆ}…à 

   

Skills Bank #OSTOFBOOK

x{ xÈ xn Èä ÈÓ È{ ÈÈ
Times Tables Field Properties
/i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀi
3. 33; 3 × 11 = 33; 11 × 3 = 33; 5. Yes; the product of any two whole
gap between 55 and 59, cluster numbers is a whole number.
33 ÷ 11 = 3; 33 ÷ 3 = 11
from 61 through 64
4. 56; 8 × 7 = 56; 7 × 8 = 56; 6. No; possible answer: 3 + 2 = 5, and
2. 5 is not an element of the set.
56 ÷ 7 = 8; 56 ÷ 8 = 7
>̅Ê/iÃÌ
5. 54; 9 × 6 = 54; 6 × 9 = 54;
54 ÷ 6 = 9; 54 ÷ 9 = 6
6. 144; 12 × 12 = 144; 144 ÷ 12 = 12
Ç{ ÇÈ Çn nä nÓ n{ nÈ nn ™ä ™Ó ™{ ™È
Draw Three-Dimensional Figures -VœÀi
1. gaps between 77 and 81 and 84
and 90, clusters from 75 through 77
and from 81 through 84

Bias
1. Someone may not understand what
2.
his or her answer really means
because the question was worded
in a confusing way.
2. The track team would want the
money to benefit their own team,
3. not others. Athletes on other teams
did not have a chance to answer.

Cubic Functions
4. 1. Ó Þ
Ý
Ó ä Ó
Ó
5.
{
2. Þ
Ó
6.
Ý
Ó ä Ó
Ó

3. { Þ

Ó
Ý
Ó ä Ó
Ó

Additional Answers A43

 Notes

A44
Glossary/Glosario KEYWORD: MA7 Glossary

A
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
absolute value (p. 14) The valor absoluto El valor absoluto
absolute value of x is the distance de x es la distancia de cero a x
from zero to x on a number line, en una recta numérica, y se 3 = 3
denoted x. expresa x.
-3 = 3
x if x ≥ 0 x si x ≥ 0
x =  x = 
 -x if x<0  -x si x<0

absolute-value equation (p. 148) ecuación de valor absoluto Ecuación

An equation that contains que contiene expresiones de valor x + 4 = 7
absolute-value expressions. absoluto.

absolute-value function (p. 366) función de valor absoluto Función

A function whose rule contains cuya regla contiene expresiones de y = x + 4
absolute-value expressions. valor absoluto.

absolute-value inequality (p. 212) desigualdad de valor absoluto

An inequality that contains Desigualdad que contiene x + 4 > 7
absolute-value expressions. expresiones de valor absoluto.

acute angle (p. S56) An angle that ángulo agudo Ángulo que mide más
measures greater than 0° and less de 0° y menos de 90°.
than 90°.

acute triangle (p. S63) A triangle triángulo acutángulo Triángulo con

with three acute angles. tres ángulos agudos.

Addition Property of Equality Propiedad de igualdad de la x-6= 8

(p. 79) For real numbers a, b, and suma Dados los números reales a, b +6 +6
−−−− −−−
c, if a = b, then a + c = b + c. y c, si a = b, entonces a + c = b + c. x = 14

Addition Property of Inequality Propiedad de desigualdad de la x-6< 8

(p. 174) For real numbers suma Dados los números reales a, b +6 +6
−−−− −−−
a, b, and c, if a < b, then y c, si a < b, entonces a + c < b + c. x < 14
a + c < b + c. Also holds true Es válido también para >, ≤, ≥ y ≠.
for >, ≤, ≥, and ≠.

additive inverse (p. 15) The inverso aditivo El opuesto de un The additive inverse of
opposite of a number. Two número. Dos números son inversos 5 is -5.
numbers are additive inverses if aditivos si su suma es cero. The additive inverse of
their sum is zero. -5 is 5.

algebraic expression (p. 6) An expresión algebraica Expresión que 2x + 3y

expression that contains at least contiene por lo menos una variable. 4x
one variable.

algebraic order of operations See orden algebraico de las operaciones

order of operations. Ver orden de las operaciones.

Glossary/Glosario S107

Glossary/Glosario A45
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
AND (p. 202) A logical operator Y Operador lógico que representa A = {2, 3, 4, 5} B = {1, 3, 5, 7}
representing the intersection of la intersección de dos conjuntos. The set of values that are in A
two sets. AND B is A
B = {3, 5}.

angle (p. S56) A figure formed by ángulo Figura formada por dos
two rays with a common endpoint. rayos con un extremo común.

area (p. S61) The number of área Cantidad de cuadrados x

nonoverlapping unit squares of a unitarios de un determinado
given size that will exactly cover tamaño no superpuestos que Ó
the interior of a plane figure. cubren exactamente el interior
de una figura plana.
The area is 10 square units.
arithmetic sequence (p. 272) sucesión aritmética Sucesión 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, …
A sequence whose successive cuyos términos sucesivos difieren
terms differ by the same nonzero en el mismo número distinto de +3+3 +3 +3
number d, called the common cero d, denominado diferencia d=3
difference. común.

Associative Property of Addition Propiedad asociativa de la suma

(p. 46) For all numbers a, b, and c, Dados tres números cualesquiera 5 + 3 + 7 = (5 + 3) + 7 =
a + b + c = (a + b) + c a, b y c, a + b + c = (a + b) + c 5 + (3 + 7)
= a + (b + c). = a + (b + c).

Associative Property of Propiedad asociativa de la

Multiplication (p. 46) For all multiplicación Dados tres números 5 · 3 · 7 = (5 · 3) · 7 =
numbers a, b, and c, a · b · c = cualesquiera a, b y c, a · b · c = 5 · (3 · 7)
(a · b) · c = a · (b · c). (a · b) · c = a · (b · c).

asymptote (p. 858) A line that a asíntota Línea recta a la cual se Þ

graph gets closer to as the value aproxima una gráfica a medida
of a variable becomes extremely que el valor de una variable
{
large or small. se hace sumamente grande o
pequeño. asymptote
Ý
{ ä {

average See mean. promedio Ver media.

axis of a coordinate plane (p. 54) eje de un plano cartesiano އ>݈Ã

One of two perpendicular number Una de las dos rectas numéricas

lines, called the x-axis and the perpendiculares, denominadas eje
y-axis, used to define the location x y eje y, utilizadas para definir la ä

of a point in a coordinate plane. ubicación de un punto en un ݇>݈Ã

plano cartesiano.

axis of symmetry (p. 366, p. 600) eje de simetría Línea que divide
݈ÃʜvÊÃޓ“iÌÀÞ
Þ
A line that divides a plane figure una figura plana o una gráfica en { ÞÊ
NÝN
or a graph into two congruent dos mitades reflejadas congruentes.
Ó
reflected halves. Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {
Ó

{

S108 Glossary/Glosario

A46 Glossary/Glosario
B
ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagrama doble de tallo y hojas Data set A: 9, 12, 14, 16, 23, 27
plot (p. 687) A graph used to Gráfica utilizada para organizar Data set B: 6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21
organize and compare two sets of y comparar dos conjuntos de Set A Set B
data so that the frequencies can datos para poder comparar las 9 0 68
be compared. See also stem-and- frecuencias. Ver también 642 1 0356
leaf plot. diagrama de tallo y hojas.
37 2 1
Key: 2 1 means 21
7 2 means 27

bar graph (p. 678) A graph that gráfica de barras Gráfica con -՘ˆ}…̽ÃÊ/À>ÛiÊ/ˆ“i
uses vertical or horizontal bars to barras horizontales o verticales ̜Ê*>˜iÌÃ
display data. para mostrar datos. {nää
xäää

/ˆ“iʭî
{äää
Îäää ÓÈää
Óäää
£äää xää ÇÈä

À˜
>À

Ìi
ÀÌ

ÌÕ


«ˆ
>

->
Õ
*>˜iÌ

base of a power (p. 26) The base de una potencia Número de 3 4 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 81

number in a power that is used as una potencia que se utiliza como 3 is the base.
a factor. factor.

base of an exponential base de una función exponencial

In the function f (x) = 5(2) ,
x
function (p. 772) The value of b in Valor de b en una función del tipo
a function of the form f (x) = ab x, f(x) = ab x, donde a y b son the base is 2.
where a and b are real numbers números reales con a ≠ 0,
with a ≠ 0, b > 0, and b ≠ 1. b > 0 y b ≠ 1.

biased sample (p. 709) A sample muestra no representativa To find out about the exercise
that does not fairly represent the Muestra que no representa habits of average Americans, a
population. adecuadamente una fitness magazine surveyed its
población. readers about how often they
exercise. The population is all
Americans and the sample is
readers of the fitness magazine.
This sample will likely be biased
because readers of fitness
magazines may exercise more
often than other people do.

binomial (p. 477) A polynomial binomio Polinomio con dos x+y

with two terms. términos. 2a 2 + 3
4m 3n 2 + 6mn 4

boundary line (p. 414) A line that línea de límite Línea que divide Þ
Î
divides a coordinate plane into un plano cartesiano en dos œÕ˜`>ÀÞʏˆ˜i
two half-planes. semiplanos.
Ý
Î ä Î

Î

Glossary/Glosario S109

Glossary/Glosario A47
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
box-and-whisker plot (p. 695) A gráfica de mediana y rango Método
&IRSTQUARTILE 4HIRDQUARTILE
method of showing how data is para mostrar la distribución de datos -INIMUM -EDIAN -AXIMUM
distributed by using the median, utilizando la mediana, los cuartiles
quartiles, and minimum and y los valores mínimo y máximo;
maximum values; also called a también llamado gráfica de caja. ä Ó { È n £ä £Ó £{

box plot.

C
Cartesian coordinate system sistema de coordenadas
See coordinate plane. cartesianas Ver plano cartesiano.

center of a circle (p. S62) The centro de un círculo Punto dentro

point inside a circle that is the de un círculo que se encuentra a la
same distance from every point misma distancia de todos los

on the circle. puntos del círculo.

central angle of a circle (p. 681) ángulo central de un círculo Ángulo

An angle whose vertex is the cuyo vértice es el centro de un
center of a circle. círculo.

circle (p. S62) The set of points in círculo Conjunto de puntos en

a plane that are a fixed distance un plano que se encuentran a
from a given point called the una distancia fija de un punto
center of the circle. determinado denominado
centro del círculo.

circle graph (p. 680) A way to gráfica circular Forma de mostrar ,iÈ`i˜ÌÃʜvÊiÃ>]Ê
<
display data by using a circle datos mediante un círculo dividido Èx³
1˜`iÀÊ
£Î¯
divided into non-overlapping en sectores no superpuestos. {xqÈ{
Óǯ £n

sectors. £™¯
££¯
Îä¯ £nqÓ{
Óxq{{

circumference (p. S62) The circunferencia Distancia alrededor

distance around a circle. de un círculo.

ˆÀVՓviÀi˜Vi

closure (p. 37) A set of numbers cerradura Se dice que un The set of integers is closed
is said to be closed, or to have conjunto de números es cerrado, under addition because the
closure, under a given operation if o tiene cerradura, respecto de sum of any two integers is also
the result of the operation on any una operación determinada, si el an integer.
two numbers in the set is also in resultado de la operación entre The set of whole numbers is
the set. dos números cualesquiera del not closed under subtraction
conjunto también está en el because the difference of any
conjunto. two whole numbers may not
be another whole number; for
example, 2 - 4 = -2.

coefficient (p. 48) A number coeficiente Número multiplicado In the expression 2x + 3y, 2 is
multiplied by a variable. por una variable. the coefficient of x and 3 is the
coefficient of y.

S110 Glossary/Glosario

A48 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
combination (p. 737) A selection combinación Selección de un grupo
of a group of objects in which de objetos en la cual el orden no For objects A, B, C, and D,
order is not important. The es importante. El número de there are 6 different
number of combinations of r combinaciones de r objetos combinations of 2 objects.
objects chosen from a group of n elegidos de un grupo de n objetos AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD
objects is denoted nCr. se expresa así: nCr.

commission (p. 133) Money comisión Dinero que se paga a una

paid to a person or company for persona o empresa por realizar una
making a sale, usually a percent of venta; generalmente se trata de un
the sale amount. porcentaje del total de la venta.

common difference (p. 272) In an diferencia común En una sucesión

arithmetic sequence, the nonzero aritmética, diferencia constante In the arithmetic sequence 3,
constant difference of any term distinta de cero entre cualquier 5, 7, 9, 11, …, the common
and the previous term. término y el término anterior. difference is 2.

common factor (p. 525) A factor factor común Factor que es común Expression: 4x 2 + 16x 3 - 8x
that is common to all terms of a todos los términos de una Common factor: 4x
an expression or to two or more expresión o a dos o más Expressions: 12 and 18
expressions. expresiones. Common factors: 2, 3, and 6

common ratio (p. 766) In a razón común En una sucesión In the geometric sequence
geometric sequence, the constant geométrica, la razón constante 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, . . ., the
ratio of any term and the previous entre cualquier término y el common ratio is __ 1
2
.
term. término anterior.

Commutative Property of Propiedad conmutativa de la

Addition (p. 46) For any two suma Dados dos números 3+4=4+3=7
numbers a and b, a + b = b + a. cualesquiera a y b, a + b = b + a.

Commutative Property of Propiedad conmutativa de la

Multiplication (p. 46) For any two multiplicación Dados dos números 3 · 4 = 4 · 3 = 12
numbers a and b, a · b = b · a. cualesquiera a y b, a · b = b · a.

complement of an event (p. 721) complemento de un suceso In the experiment of

All outcomes in the sample Todos los resultados en el espacio rolling a number cube, the
space that are not in an event E, muestral que no están en el complement of rolling a 3 is
− − rolling a 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6.
denoted E. suceso E, y se expresan E.

complementary angles (p. S57) ángulos complementarios Dos

Two angles whose measures have ángulos cuyas medidas suman 90°.
xÎÂ
a sum of 90°. ÎÇÂ

completing the square (p. 645) A completar el cuadrado Proceso x 2 + 6x +

process used to form a perfect- utilizado para formar un trinomio
( ) = 9.
2
6
Add _
square trinomial. To complete cuadrado perfecto. Para completar
2
() el cuadrado de x 2 + bx, hay que
2
the square of x 2 + bx, add __b2 . x 2 + 6x + 9
()
2
sumar _b2_ .

Glossary/Glosario S111

Glossary/Glosario A49
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
composite figure (p. 83) A plane figura compuesta Figura plana
figure made up of triangles, compuesta por triángulos,
rectangles, trapezoids, circles, rectángulos, trapecios, círculos
and other simple shapes, or a y otras figuras simples, o figura
three-dimensional figure made tridimensional compuesta por
up of prisms, cones, pyramids, prismas, conos, pirámides, cilindros
cylinders, and other simple three- y otras figuras tridimensionales
dimensional figures. simples.

compound event (p. 737) An suceso compuesto Suceso formado In the experiment of tossing
event made up of two or more por dos o más sucesos simples. a coin and rolling a number
simple events. cube, the event of the coin
landing heads and the
number cube landing on 3.

compound inequality (p. 202) Two desigualdad compuesta Dos x ≥ 2 AND x < 6 (also
inequalities that are combined desigualdades unidas en un written 2 ≤ x < 6)
into one statement by the word enunciado por la palabra y u o.
ä Ó { È n
and or or.
x < 2 OR x > 6

ä Ó { È n

compound interest (p. 782) interés compuesto Intereses

Interest earned or paid on both ganados o pagados sobre el capital
the principal and previously y los intereses ya devengados. La If $100 is put into an
earned interest. The formula fórmula de interés compuesto es account with an interest
A = P(1 + __
n ) , donde A es la
rate of 5% compounded
for compound interest is rnt

( ) monthly, then after 2 years,

nt
A = P 1 + __
n
r
, where A is the cantidad final, P es el capital, r the account will have
final amount, P is the principal, r es la tasa de interés expresada ____
is the interest rate expressed as a como un decimal, n es la cantidad (
100 1 + ) = $110.49.
0.05 12·2
12
decimal, n is the number of times de veces que se capitaliza el
interest is compounded, and t is interés y t es el tiempo.
the time.

compound statement (p. 201) Two enunciado compuesto Dos The sky is blue and the grass is
statements that are connected by enunciados unidos por la palabra green.
the word and or or. y u o. I will drive to school or I will
take the bus.

cone (p. 874, p. S64) A three- cono Figura tridimensional con

dimensional figure with a circular una base circular y una superficie
base and a curved surface that lateral curva que conecta la base
connects the base to a point con un punto denominado vértice.
called the vertex.
−− −−
congruent (p. S59) Having the congruente Que tiene el mismo + , PQ  RS
same size and shape, denoted tamaño y la misma forma, expresado
by . por . * -

conjugate of an irrational conjugado de un número irracional

The conjugate of 1 + √
2 is
number (p. 821) The conjugate of El conjugado de un número en la
1 - √ 2.
a number in the form a + √ b is forma a + √ b es a - √
b.
a - √ b.

S112 Glossary/Glosario

A50 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
consistent system (p. 406) sistema consistente Sistema de
x + y = 6
A system of equations or ecuaciones o desigualdades que 
inequalities that has at least one tiene por lo menos una solución. x - y = 4
solution. solution: (5, 1)

constant (p. 6) A value that does constante Valor que no cambia.

not change. 3, 0, π

constant of variation (p. 326) The constante de variación La constante y = 5x

constant k in direct and inverse k en ecuaciones de variación directa
variation equations. e inversa. constant of variation

continuous graph (p. 231) A graph gráfica continua Gráfica compuesta
˜}iˆµÕi½ÃÊi>ÀÌÊ,>Ìi
Þ
made up of connected lines or por líneas rectas o curvas
curves. conectadas.

i>ÀÌÊÀ>Ìi
Ý

/ˆ“i

contradiction (p. 101) An contradicción Ecuación que no tiene x+1=x

equation that has no solutions. soluciones. 1=0✗

conversion factor (p. 115) The factor de conversión Razón entre

ratio of two equal quantities, each dos cantidades iguales, cada una 12 inches
_
measured in different units. medida en unidades diferentes. 1 foot

A
coordinate (p. 54) A number used coordenada Número utilizado
to identify the location of a point. para identificar la ubicación { Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È
On a number line, one coordinate de un punto. En una recta
is used. On a coordinate plane, numérica se utiliza una The coordinate of A is 2.
two coordinates are used, called coordenada. En un plano Þ
{
the x-coordinate and the cartesiano se utilizan dos
Ó
y-coordinate. coordenadas, denominadas
Ý
coordenada x y coordenada y. { Ó ä Ó {

The coordinates of B are

(-2, 3).
coordinate plane (p. 54) A plane plano cartesiano Plano dividido އ>݈Ã
that is divided into four regions en cuatro regiones por una línea
by a horizontal line called the horizontal denominada eje x y una
x-axis and a vertical line called línea vertical denominada eje y. ä
the y-axis. ݇>݈Ã

correlation (p. 262) A measure of correlación Medida de la *œÃˆÌˆÛiÊVœÀÀi>̈œ˜

Þ
the strength and direction of the fuerza y dirección de la
relationship between two relación entre dos variables œÊVœÀÀi>̈œ˜
variables or data sets. o conjuntos de datos. Þ

i}>̈ÛiÊVœÀÀi>̈œ˜
Þ
Ý

Glossary/Glosario S113

Glossary/Glosario A51
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
corresponding angles of ángulos correspondientes de los

polygons (p. 121) Angles in the polígonos Ángulos que tienen la
same position in two different misma posición relativa en dos
polygons that have the same polígonos diferentes que tienen

number of angles. el mismo número de ángulos. ∠A and ∠D are corresponding angles.

corresponding sides of lados correspondientes de los


polygons (p. 121) Sides in the polígonos Lados que tienen la
same position in two different misma posición en dos polígonos
polygons that have the same diferentes que tienen el mismo

number of sides. número de lados. −− −−
AB and DE are corresponding sides.

cosine (p. 908) In a right triangle, coseno En un triángulo rectángulo,

the cosine of angle A is the ratio el coseno del ángulo A es la …Þ«œÌi˜ÕÃi
of the length of the leg adjacent razón entre la longitud del cateto
to angle A to the length of the adyacente al ángulo A y la longitud >`>Vi˜Ì


hypotenuse. de la hipotenusa.
adjacent
cos A = _________
hypotenuse

counterexample (p. S76) An contraejemplo Ejemplo que

example that proves that a demuestra que una conjetura o
conjecture or statement is false. enunciado es falso.

cross products (p. 115) In the productos cruzados En el _1 = _3

statement _ab_ = __
c
, bc and ad are the enunciado _ab_ = __
c
, bc y ad son 2 6
cross products.
d d
productos cruzados. Cross products: 2 · 3 = 6
and: 1 · 6 = 6
Cross Product Property (p. 115) Propiedad de productos cruzados
For any real numbers a, b, c, and Dados los números reales a, b, c
_
If 4 = _
10 , then 4x = 60,
6 x
d, where b ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0, if _ab_ = __
c
, y d, donde b ≠ 0 y d ≠ 0, si _ab_ = __
c
,
d d so x = 15.
then ad = bc. entonces ad = bc.

cube (p. S66) A prism with six cubo Prisma con seis caras
square faces. cuadradas.

cube in numeration (p. 26) The cubo en numeración Tercera

third power of a number. potencia de un número. 8 is the cube of 2.

cube root (p. 832) A number, raíz cúbica Número, expresado √

3

64 = 4, because 4 3 = 64;
3 3
written as √ whose cube is x.
x, como √ cuyo cubo es x.
x, 4 is the cube root of 64.

cubic polynomial (p. 477) A polinomio cúbico Polinomio de

x 3 + 4x 2 - 6x + 2
polynomial of degree 3. grado 3.

cumulative frequency (p. 689) The frecuencia acumulativa For the data set 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6,
frequency of all data values that Frecuencia de todos los valores 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, the cumulative
are less than or equal to a given de los datos que son menores frequency table is shown below.
value. que o iguales a un valor dado. Cumulative
Data Frequency Frequency
2 2 2
3 1 3
5 2 5
6 1 6
7 2 8
8 3 11
9 1 12

S114 Glossary/Glosario

A52 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
cylinder (p. S64) A three- cilindro Figura tridimensional con
dimensional figure with two dos bases circulares congruentes
parallel congruent circular paralelas y una superficie lateral
bases and a curved surface curva que conecta las bases.
that connects the bases.

D
data (p. 678) Information datos Información reunida en una
gathered from a survey or encuesta o experimento.
experiment.

degree measure of an angle medida en grados de un ángulo

(p. S56) A unit of angle measure; Unidad de medida de los ángulos;
one degree is ___
1
360
of a circle. un grado es ___
1
360
de un círculo.

degree of a monomial (p. 476) grado de un monomio Suma de

The sum of the exponents of the los exponentes de las variables del 4x 2y 5z 3 Degree: 2 + 5 + 3 = 10
variables in the monomial. monomio. 5 = 5x 0 Degree: 0

degree of a polynomial (p. 476) grado de un polinomio Grado 3x 2y 2 + 4xy 5 - 12x 3y 2

The degree of the term of the del término del polinomio con el
polynomial with the greatest grado máximo. Degree 4 Degree 6 Degree 5
degree. Degree 6

dependent events (p. 726) sucesos dependientes Dos sucesos From a bag containing 3 red
Events for which the occurrence son dependientes si el hecho de marbles and 2 blue marbles,
or nonoccurrence of one event que uno de ellos ocurra o no afecta drawing a red marble, and then
affects the probability of the other la probabilidad del otro suceso. drawing a blue marble without
event. replacing the first marble.

dependent system (p. 407) A sistema dependiente Sistema de

x + y = 2
system of equations that has ecuaciones que tiene infinitamente 
infinitely many solutions. muchas soluciones.  2x + 2y = 4

dependent variable (p. 246) The variable dependiente Salida de una

For y = 2x + 1, y is the
output of a function; a variable función; variable cuyo valor depende
dependent variable.
whose value depends on the value del valor de la entrada, o variable
input: x output: y
of the input, or independent independiente.
variable.

diameter (p. S62) A segment that diámetro Segmento que

has endpoints on the circle and atraviesa el centro de un círculo
that passes through the center of y cuyos extremos están sobre
the circle; also the length of that la circunferencia; longitud de
segment. dicho segmento.

difference of two cubes (p. 564) A diferencia de dos cubos Polinomio

polynomial of the form a 3 - b 3, del tipo a 3 - b 3, que se puede
which may be written as the expresar como el producto x 3 - 8 = (x - 2)(x 2 + 2x + 4)
product (a - b)(a 2 + ab + b 2). (a - b)(a 2 + ab + b 2).

difference of two squares (p. 503) diferencia de dos cuadrados

A polynomial of the form a 2 - b 2, Polinomio del tipo a 2 - b 2, que se
x 2 - 4 = (x + 2)(x - 2)
which may be written as the puede expresar como el producto
product (a + b)(a - b). (a + b)(a - b).

Glossary/Glosario S115

Glossary/Glosario A53
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
direct variation (p. 326) A variación directa Relación lineal {
Þ
linear relationship between two entre dos variables, x e y, que puede Ó
variables, x and y, that can be expresarse en la forma y = kx, donde Ý
written in the form y = kx, where k es una constante distinta de cero. { Ó Ó {
k is a nonzero constant.
{

y = 2x
discontinuous function (p. 858) A función discontinua Función cuya Þ
function whose graph has one or gráfica tiene uno o más saltos,
more jumps, breaks, or holes. interrupciones u hoyos. {

Ý
{ ä {

discount (p. 139) An amount by descuento Cantidad por la que se

which an original price is reduced. reduce un precio original.

discrete graph (p. 231) A graph gráfica discreta Gráfica compuesta Theme Park Attendance
made up of unconnected points. de puntos no conectados.

People
Years

discriminant (p. 654) The discriminante El discriminante The discriminant of

discriminant of the quadratic de la ecuación cuadrática 2x 2 - 5x - 3 is
equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is ax 2 + bx + c = 0 es b 2 - 4ac. (-5) 2 - 4(2)(-3) or 49.
b 2 - 4ac.

Distance Formula (p. 642) In a Fórmula de distancia En un plano Þ ­Ó]Êx®

coordinate plane, the distance cartesiano, la distancia desde (x 1, y 1) {
from (x 1, y 1) to (x 2, y 2) is hasta (x 2, y 2) es
Ó
­£]Ê£®
d = √
(x 2 - x 1)2 + (y 2 - y 1) 2 . d = √
(x 2 - x 1)2 + (y 2 - y 1) 2 . Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {

The distance from (2, 5) to (-1, 1) is

d = √(
-1 - 2)2 + (1 - 5)2
= √
(-3) 2 + (-4) 2
= √
9 + 16 = √
25 = 5.

Distributive Property (p. 47) For Propiedad distributiva Dados los

all real numbers a, b, and c, números reales a, b y c, 3(4 + 5) = 3 · 4 + 3 · 5
a(b + c) = ab + ac, and a(b + c) = ab + ac, y : (4 + 5)3 = 4 · 3 + 5 · 3
(b + c)a = ba + ca. (b + c)a = ba + ca.

Division Property of Equality Propiedad de igualdad de la 4x = 12

(p. 86) For real numbers a, b, división Dados los números reales _
4x = _
12
and c, where c ≠ 0, if a = b, a, b y c, donde c ≠ 0, si a = b, 4 4
then _ac_ = __bc . entonces _ac_ = __bc . x=3

S116 Glossary/Glosario

A54 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Division Property of Inequality Propiedad de desigualdad de la
(p. 180) If both sides of an división Cuando ambos lados de una 4x ≥ 12
inequality are divided by the desigualdad se dividen entre el mismo _
4x ≥ _
12
same positive quantity, the new número positivo, la nueva desigualdad 4 4
inequality will have the same tiene el mismo conjunto solución. x≥3
solution set. If both sides of an Cuando ambos lados de una
-4x ≥ 12
inequality are divided by the desigualdad se dividen entra el
same negative quantity, the new mismo número negativo, la nueva _ _
4x ≥ 12
-4 -4
inequality will have the same desigualdad tiene el mismo conjunto x ≤ -3
solution set if the inequality solución si se invierte el símbolo de
symbol is reversed. desigualdad.

domain (p. 236) The set of all dominio Conjunto de valores de The domain of the function
possible input values of a relation entrada de una función o relación. f (x) = √
x is x ≥ 0.
or function.

E
element Each member in a set or elemento Cada miembro en un
matrix. See also entry. conjunto o matriz. Ver también
entrada.

elimination method (p. 397) A eliminación Método utilizado para

method used to solve systems of resolver sistemas de ecuaciones
equations in which one variable por el cual se elimina una variable
is eliminated by adding or sumando o restando dos ecuaciones
subtracting two equations of the del sistema.
system.

empty set (p. 102) A set with no conjunto vacío Conjunto sin The solution set of x < 0 is
elements. elementos. the empty set, { }, or .

entry (p. 746) Each value in a entrada Cada valor de una matriz, 3 is the entry in the first row
matrix; also called an element. también denominado elemento. and second column of
2 3
A= , denoted a 12.
0 1
equally likely outcomes (p. 720) resultados igualmente probables Los If a fair coin is tossed, then
Outcomes are equally likely if resultados son igualmente probables _
P(heads) = P(tails) = 1 .
they have the same probability of si tienen la misma probabilidad de 2
occurring. If an experiment has n ocurrir. Si un experimento tiene n So the outcome “heads”
equally likely outcomes, then the resultados igualmente probables, and the oucome “tails” are
probability of each outcome is __
1 equally likely.
n. entonces la probabilidad de cada
resultado es __
1
n.

equation (p. 77) A mathematical ecuación Enunciado matemático x+4=7

statement that two expressions que indica que dos expresiones son 2+3=6-1
are equivalent. equivalentes. (x - 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 4

equilateral triangle (p. S63) A triángulo equilátero Triángulo con

triangle with three congruent tres lados congruentes.
sides.

equivalent ratios (p. 114) Ratios razones equivalentes Razones que _1 and _2 are equivalent ratios.
that name the same comparison. expresan la misma comparación. 2 4

Glossary/Glosario S117

Glossary/Glosario A55
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
evaluate (p. 7) To find the value evaluar Calcular el valor de una Evaluate 2x + 7 for x = 3.
of an algebraic expression by expresión algebraica sustituyendo 2x + 7
substituting a number for each cada variable por un número y 2(3) + 7
variable and simplifying by using simplificando mediante el orden de 6+7
the order of operations. las operaciones. 13

event (p. 713) An outcome or suceso Resultado o conjunto de In the experiment of rolling
set of outcomes in a probability resultados en un experimento de a number cube, the event
experiment. probabilidad. “an odd number” consists of
the outcomes 1, 3, and 5.

excluded values (p. 858) Values valores excluidos Valores de x para The excluded values of
of x for which a function or los cuales no está definida una (x + 2)
expression is not defined. función o expresión. f (x) = __
(x - 1)(x + 4)
are x = 1 and x = -4,
which would make the
denominator equal to 0.
experiment (p. 713) An operation, experimento Una operación,
process, or activity in which proceso o actividad en la que se Tossing a coin 10 times and
outcomes can be used to estimate usan los resultados para estimar noting the number of heads.
probability. una probabilidad.

experimental probability (p. 714) probabilidad experimental Kendra attempted 27 free

The ratio of the number of times Razón entre la cantidad de throws and made 16 of them.
an event occurs to the number of veces que ocurre un suceso The probability that she will
trials, or times, that an activity is y la cantidad de pruebas, make her next free throw can
performed. o veces, que se realiza una be estimated by
actividad. P(free throw) ≈
__number made 16 ≈ 0.59.
=_
number attempted 27

exponent (p. 26) The number that exponente Número que indica la
indicates how many times the cantidad de veces que la base de 3 4 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 81
base in a power is used as a factor. una potencia se utiliza como factor. 4 is the exponent.

()
x
exponential decay (p. 783) An decremento exponencial Función 1
f (x) = 3 _
exponential function of the form exponencial del tipo f (x) = ab x 2
f (x) = ab x in which 0 < b < 1. en la cual 0 < b < 1. Si r es la tasa Þ

If r is the rate of decay, then the decremental, entonces la función

function can be written se puede expresar como
y = a (1 - r) , where a is the initial y = a (1 - r) ,donde a es la
t t

amount and t is the time. cantidad inicial y t es el tiempo.

Ý

exponential expression expresión exponencial Expresión

An algebraic expression in which algebraica en la que la variable está
the variable is in an exponent en un exponente y que tiene un 2 x+1
with a fixed number as the base. número fijo como base.

exponential function (p. 772) A función exponencial Función del f (x) = 3 · 4 x

function of the form f (x) = ab x, tipo f (x) = ab x, donde a y b son Þ

where a and b are real numbers números reales con a ≠ 0, b > 0

with a ≠ 0, b > 0, and b ≠ 1. y b ≠ 1.

S118 Glossary/Glosario

A56 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
exponential growth (p. 781) An crecimiento exponencial Función f (x) = 2 x
exponential function of the form exponencial del tipo f (x) = ab x
Þ
f (x) = ab x in which b > 1. If r en la que b > 1. Si r es la tasa de
Ó
is the rate of growth, then the crecimiento, entonces la función se Ý
puede expresar como y = a(1 + r) ,
t
function can be written
Ó ä Ó
y = a(1 + r) , where a is the initial
t
donde a es la cantidad inicial y t es el
amount and t is the time. tiempo.

expression (p. 6) A mathematical expresión Frase matemática que

phrase that contains operations, contiene operaciones, números y/o 6x + 1
numbers, and/or variables. variables.

extraneous solution (p. 824) A solución extraña Solución de una To solve √ x = -2, square
solution of a derived equation ecuación derivada que no es una both sides; x = 4.
that is not a solution of the solución de la ecuación original. Check √ 4 = -2 is false; so 4
original equation. is an extraneous solution.

F
factor A number or expression factor Número o expresión que
12 = 3 · 4
that is multiplied by another se multiplica por otro número o
3 and 4 are factors of 12.
number or expression to get a expresión para obtener un
product. See also factoring. producto. Ver también factoreo. x 2 - 1 = (x - 1)(x + 1)
(x - 1) and (x + 1) are
factors of x 2 - 1.

factorial (p. 738) If n is a positive factorial Si n es un entero positivo,

integer, then n factorial, written n!, entonces el factorial de n, expresado
is n · (n - 1) · (n - 2) · … · 2 · 1. como n!, es n · (n - 1) · (n - 2) · … 7! = 7 · 6 · 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 · 1
The factorial of 0 is defined to · 2 · 1. Por definición, el factorial de = 5040
be 1. 0 será 1.

factoring (p. 524) The process factorización Proceso por el que

of writing a number or algebraic se expresa un número o expresión x 2 - 4x - 21 = (x - 7)(x + 3)
expression as a product. algebraica como un producto.

fair (p. 720) When all outcomes justo Cuando todos los resultados When tossing a fair coin, heads
of an experiment are equally de un experimento son igualmente and tails are equally likely.
likely. probables. Each has a probability of __12 .

family of functions (p. 357) A set familia de funciones Conjunto de ÊÞÊÊÝÓÊÊ£ ÊÞÊÊÎÝÓ
Þ
of functions whose graphs have funciones cuyas gráficas tienen n
basic characteristics in common. características básicas en común.
È ÊÞÊÊ­ÝÊÊÓ®Ó
Functions in the same family are Las funciones de la misma familia
transformations of their parent son transformaciones de su {
function. función madre.
Ó
ÊÞÊÊÝÓ
Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {

Glossary/Glosario S119

Glossary/Glosario A57
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
first differences (p. 590) The primeras diferencias Constant change in x-values
differences between y-values of Diferencias entre +1 +1 +1 +1
a function for evenly spaced los valores de y de una
x 0 1 2 3 4
x-values. función para valores
y = x2 0 1 4 9 16
de x espaciados
uniformemente. +1 +3 +5 +7
First differences

first quartile (p. 695) The median primer cuartil Mediana de la mitad
Lower half Upper half
of the lower half of a data set, inferior de un conjunto de datos,
18, 23, 28, 49, 36, 42
denoted Q 1. Also called lower expresada como Q 1. También se
quartile. llama cuartil inferior. First quartile

FOIL (p. 493) A mnemonic FOIL Regla mnemotécnica para

(memory) device for a method of recordar el método de multiplicación
multiplying two binomials: de dos binomios:
Multiply the First terms. Multiplicar los términos Primeros F L
Multiply the Outer terms. (First).
Multiply the Inner terms. Multiplicar los términos Externos (x + 2)(x - 3) = x 2 - 3x + 2x - 6
Multiply the Last terms. (Outer). I = x2 - x - 6
Multiplicar los términos Internos O
(Inner).
Multiplicar los términos Últimos
(Last).

formula (p. 107) A literal equation fórmula Ecuación literal que

that states a rule for a relationship establece una regla para una relación A = πr 2
among quantities. entre cantidades.

fractional exponent See rational exponente fraccionario Ver

exponent. exponente racional.

frequency (p. 688, p. S71) The frecuencia Cantidad de veces que In the data set 5, 6, 6, 7, 8,
number of times the value appears aparece el valor en un conjunto 9, the data value 6 has a
in the data set. de datos. frequency of 2.

frequency table (p. 688) A table tabla de frecuencia Tabla Data set: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6
that lists the number of times, or que enumera la cantidad Frequency table:
frequency, that each de veces que ocurre cada Data Frequency
data value occurs. valor de datos, o la
1 2
frecuencia.
2 2
3 1
4 1
5 3
6 4

function (p. 237) A relation in función Una relación en la que

which every input is paired with cada entrada corresponde È
{
exactly one output. exactamente a una salida. x
£
Ó
ä
£

S120 Glossary/Glosario

A58 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
function notation (p. 246) If x is notación de función Si x es la
the independent variable and y is variable independiente e y es la
the dependent variable, then the variable dependiente, entonces equation: y = 2x
function notation for y is f (x), la notación de función para y es function notation: f(x) = 2x
read “f of x,” where f names the f (x), que se lee “f de x,” donde f
function. nombra la función.

function rule (p. 246) An algebraic regla de función Expresión f (x) = 2x 2 + 3x - 7

expression that defines a algebraica que define una
function. función. function rule

Fundamental Counting Principio fundamental de conteo

Principle (p. 736) For n items, if Dados n elementos, si existen
there are m 1 ways to choose a first m 1 formas de elegir un primer
item, m 2 ways to choose a second elemento, m 2 formas de elegir If there are 4 colors of shirts,
item after the first item has been un segundo elemento después 3 colors of pants, and 2 colors
chosen, and so on, then there are de haber elegido el primero, y así of shoes, then there are
m 1 · m 2 · … · m n ways to choose sucesivamente, entonces existen 4 · 3 · 2 = 24 possible outfits.
n items. m 1 · m 2 · … · m n formas de elegir
n elementos.

G
geometric sequence (p. 766) A sucesión geométrica Sucesión en
sequence in which the ratio of la que la razón de los términos 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …
successive terms is a constant r, sucesivos es una constante r,
called the common ratio, where denominada razón común, ·2 ·2 ·2 ·2 r=2
r ≠ 0 and r ≠ 1. donde r ≠ 0 y r ≠ 1.

graph of a function (p. 252) The gráfica de una función Conjunto {

Þ Þ

set of points in a coordinate plane de los puntos de un plano Ó

with coordinates (x, y), where x is cartesiano con coordenadas Ý Ý

in the domain of the function (x, y), donde x está en el { Ó ä

Ó
Ó { n {
{
ä { n

f and y = f (x). dominio de la función f e

y = f (x). { n

graph of a system of linear gráfica de un sistema de Þ

inequalities (p. 421) The region desigualdades lineales Región de ­Ó]
£®ÊˆÃʈ˜Ê̅iÊ Ó
œÛiÀ>««ˆ˜}Ê
in a coordinate plane consisting un plano cartesiano que consta Å>`i`ÊÀi}ˆœ˜Ã]
of points whose coordinates are de puntos cuyas coordenadas ÜʈÌʈÃÊ>Ê܏Ṏœ˜° Ó ä Ó Ý
solutions to all of the inequalities son soluciones de todas las Ó
in the system. desigualdades del sistema.

graph of an inequality in one gráfica de una desigualdad en una

x≥2
variable (p. 169) The set of variable Conjunto de los puntos de
points on a number line that are una recta numérica que representan { Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È
solutions of the inequality. soluciones de la desigualdad.

graph of an inequality in two gráfica de una desigualdad en dos y≤x+1

variables (p. 414) The set of variables Conjunto de los puntos Þ
Î
points in a coordinate plane de un plano cartesiano cuyas
whose coordinates (x, y) are coordenadas (x, y) son soluciones Ý
solutions of the inequality. de la desigualdad. Î ä Î

Î

Glossary/Glosario S121

Glossary/Glosario A59
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
graph of an ordered pair (p. 54) gráfica de un par ordenado Dado {
Þ

For the ordered pair (x, y), the el par ordenado (x, y), punto en un Ó
point in a coordinate plane that plano cartesiano que está a una Ý
{ Ó ä
is a horizontal distance of x units distancia horizontal de x unidades Ó {
Ó
from the origin and a vertical desde el origen y a una distancia
{ -
distance of y units from the vertical de y unidades desde el
origin. origen. (2, -4)
greatest common factor (GCF) máximo común divisor (MCD)
(p. 525) The product of the Producto del entero mayor y la The GCF of 4x 3y and 6x 2y is
greatest integer and the greatest potencia mayor de cada variable 2x 2y.
power of each variable that que divide exactamente cada The GCF of 27 and 45 is 9.
divide evenly into each term. término de la expresión.

grouping symbols (p. 40) Symbols símbolos de agrupación Símbolos

 
such as parentheses ( ), brackets tales como paréntesis ( ), corchetes 6 + 3 - (4 - 3) + 2 + 1 - 5
[ ], and braces { } that separate [ ] y llaves { } que separan parte   
6 + 3 - 1 + 2 + 1 - 5
part of an expression. A fraction de una expresión. La barra de  
bar, absolute-value symbols, and fracciones, los símbolos de valor 6 + {3 - 3 + 1} - 5
radical symbols may also be used absoluto y los símbolos de radical 6+1-5
as grouping symbols. también se pueden utilizar como 2
símbolos de agrupación.

H
half-life (p. 783) The half-life of a vida media La vida media de
Carbon-14 has a half-life of
substance is the time it takes for una sustancia es el tiempo que
5730 years, so 5 g of an initial
one-half of the substance to decay tarda la mitad de la sustancia en
amount of 10 g will remain
into another substance. desintegrarse y transformarse en
after 5730 years.
otra sustancia.

half-plane (p. 414) The part of the semiplano La parte del plano Þ
Î
coordinate plane on one side of a cartesiano de un lado de una línea,
line, which may include the line. que puede incluir la línea. Ý
Î ä Î

Î

Heron’s Formula (p. 810) A fórmula de Herón Un triángulo con

triangle with side lengths a, b, and longitudes de lado a, b y c tiene un
c has area área A = √
s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) ,
A = √
s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c) , donde s es la mitad del perímetro
where s is one-half the perimeter, ó s = __12 (a + b + c).
or s = _12_ (a + b + c).

histogram (p. 688) A bar graph histograma Gráfica de barras -Ì>À̈˜}Ê->>ÀˆiÃ

used to display data grouped in utilizada para mostrar datos
ÀiµÕi˜VÞ

class intervals. The width of each agrupados en intervalos de clases. {ä

Îä
bar is proportional to the class El ancho de cada barra es Óä
interval, and the area of each bar proporcional al intervalo de clase £ä
ä
is proportional to the frequency. y el área de cada barra es    
n n n n
proporcional a la frecuencia.    
->>ÀÞÊÀ>˜}iʭ̅œÕÃ>˜`Êf®

S122 Glossary/Glosario

A60 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
horizontal line (p. 312) A line línea horizontal Línea descrita
y=4
described by the equation por la ecuación y = b, donde b
y = b, where b is the y-intercept. es la intersección con el eje y. Þ

Ó
Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {

hypotenuse (p. S68) The side hipotenusa Lado opuesto al ángulo

…Þ«œÌi˜ÕÃi
opposite the right angle in a right recto de un triángulo rectángulo.
triangle.

I
identity (p. 101) An equation identidad Ecuación verdadera para 3=3
that is true for all values of the todos los valores de las variables. 2(x - 1) = 2x - 2
variables.

inclusive events (p. 734) Events sucesos inclusivos Sucesos que In the experiment of rolling a
that have one or more outcomes tienen uno o más resultados en number cube, rolling an even
in common. común. number and rolling a number
less than 3 are inclusive events
because both contain the
outcome 2.

inconsistent system (p. 406) sistema inconsistente Sistema de

x + y = 0
A system of equations or ecuaciones o desigualdades que 
inequalities that has no solution. no tiene solución. x + y = 1

independent events (p. 726) sucesos independientes Dos sucesos From a bag containing 3 red
Events for which the occurrence son independientes si el hecho de marbles and 2 blue marbles,
or nonoccurrence of one event que se produzca o no uno de ellos drawing a red marble,
does not affect the probability of no afecta la probabilidad del otro replacing it, and then
the other event. suceso. drawing a blue marble.

independent system (p. 407) sistema independiente Sistema x + y = 7


A system of equations that has de ecuaciones que tiene sólo una x - y = 1
exactly one solution. solución. Solution: (4, 3)

independent variable (p. 246) variable independiente Entrada de

The input of a function; a variable una función; variable cuyo valor For y = 2x + 1, x is the
whose value determines the determina el valor de la salida, o independent variable.
value of the output, or dependent variable dependiente.
variable.
n n
index (p. 832) In the radical √
x, índice En el radical √
x, que
The radical √
3
which represents the nth root of representa la enésima raíz de x, n 8 has an
x, n is the index. In the radical √ x, es el índice. En el radical √ x, se da index of 3.
the index is understood to be 2. por sentado que el índice es 2.

indirect measurement (p. 122) A medición indirecta Método

method of measurement that uses de medición en el que se usan
formulas, similar figures, and/or fórmulas, figuras semejantes
proportions. y/o proporciones.

Glossary/Glosario S123

Glossary/Glosario A61
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
inequality (p. 168) A statement desigualdad Enunciado que
x≥2
that compares two expressions by compara dos expresiones utilizando
using one of the following signs: uno de los siguientes signos: { Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È
<, >, ≤, ≥, or ≠. <, >, ≤, ≥, o ≠.

input (p. 55) A value that is entrada Valor que sustituye a la For the function f (x) = x + 5,
substituted for the independent variable independiente en una the input 3 produces an output
variable in a relation or function. relación o función. of 8.

input-output table A table that tabla de entrada y salida Tabla

displays input values of a function que muestra los valores de entrada Input x 1 2 3 4
or expression together with the de una función o expresión junto y 4 7 10 13
Output
corresponding outputs. con las correspondientes salidas.

integer (p. 34) A member of the entero Miembro del conjunto de

set of whole numbers and their números cabales y sus opuestos. … -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …
opposites.

intercept See x-intercept and intersección Ver intersección con el

y-intercept. eje x e intersección con el eje y.

interest (p. 133) The amount of interés Cantidad de dinero que se

money charged for borrowing cobra por prestar dinero o cantidad
money or the amount of money de dinero que se gana cuando se
earned when saving or investing ahorra o invierte dinero. Ver también
money. See also compound interés compuesto, interés simple.
interest, simple interest.

interquartile range (IQR) rango entre cuartiles Diferencia Lower half Upper half
(p. 695) The difference of the third entre el tercer cuartil (superior) y 18, 23, 28, 29, 36, 42
(upper) and first (lower) quartiles el primer cuartil (inferior) de un First quartile Third quartile
in a data set, representing the conjunto de datos, que representa Interquartile range:
middle half of the data. la mitad central de los datos. 36 - 23 = 13
intersection (p. 203) The intersección de conjuntos La
intersection of two sets is the intersección de dos conjuntos es el A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set of all elements that are conjunto de todos los elementos B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
common to both sets, denoted que son comunes a ambos A
B = {1, 3}
by
. conjuntos, expresado por
.

inverse operations Operations operaciones inversas Operaciones Addition and subtraction are
that undo each other. que se anulan entre sí. inverse operations:
5 + 3 = 8, 8 - 3 = 5
Multiplication and division are
inverse operations:
2 · 3 = 6, 6 ÷ 3 = 2

inverse variation (p. 851) A variación inversa Relación entre 8

y=_
x
relationship between two dos variables, x e y, que puede
variables, x and y, that can be expresarse en la forma y = _kx_, donde
written in the form y = _kx_, where k k es una constante distinta
is a nonzero constant and x ≠ 0. de cero y x ≠ 0.

irrational number (p. 34) A real número irracional Número real que
number that cannot be expressed no se puede expresar como una π, e
√2,
as the ratio of two integers. razón de enteros.

S124 Glossary/Glosario

A62 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
isolate the variable (p. 77) To despejar la variable Para despejar
10 = 6 - 2x
isolate a variable in an equation, la variable de una ecuación, utiliza
-6 -6
use inverse operations on both operaciones inversas en ambos lados −− −−−−−−
4= -2x
sides until the variable appears by
itself on one side of the equation
hasta que la variable aparezca sola
en uno de los lados de la ecuación y
_ _
4 = -2x
-2 -2
and does not appear on the other no aparezca en el otro lado. -2 = x
side.

isosceles triangle (p. S63) triángulo isósceles Triángulo

A triangle with at least two que tiene al menos dos lados
congruent sides. congruentes.

L
leading coefficient (p. 477) The coeficiente principal Coeficiente del
primer término de un polinomio en 3x 2 + 7x - 2
coefficient of the first term of a
forma estándar. Leading coefficient: 3
polynomial in standard form.

least common denominator mínimo común denominador

3 and _
The LCD of _ 5 is 12.
(LCD) (p. 887) The least common (MCD) Mínimo común múltiplo de
4 6
multiple of the denominators of los denominadores de dos o más
two or more given fractions. fracciones dadas.

least common multiple (LCM) mínimo común múltiplo (MCM) El

(p. 886) The product of the producto del número positivo
smallest positive number and the más pequeño y la menor potencia The LCM of 10 and 18 is 90.
lowest power of each variable that de cada variable que divide
divide evenly into each term. exactamente cada término.

leg of a right triangle (p. S68) cateto de un triángulo

One of the two sides of a right rectángulo Uno de los dos lados de i}
triangle that form the right angle. un triángulo rectángulo que forman
el ángulo recto. i}

like radicals (p. 811) Radical radicales semejantes Términos

terms having the same radicand radicales que tienen el mismo 3 √
2x and √
2x
and index. radicando e índice.

like terms (p. 47) Terms with the términos semejantes Términos con
same variables raised to the same las mismas variables elevadas a los 3a 3b 2 and 7a 3b 2
exponents. mismos exponentes.

line (p. S56) An undefined term in línea Término indefinido en

geometry, a line is a straight path geometría, una línea es un trazo
Ű
that has no thickness and extends recto que no tiene grosor y se
forever in two directions. extiende infinitamente.

line graph (p. 679) A graph that gráfica lineal Gráfica que se >Àœ˜½ÃÊ6ˆ`iœÊ>“iÊ-VœÀiÃ
uses line segments to show how vale de segmentos de recta para
£Óää
data changes. mostrar cambios en los datos.
-VœÀi

nää
{ää
ä
£ Ó Î { x È
>“iʘՓLiÀ

Glossary/Glosario S125

Glossary/Glosario A63
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
linear equation in one variable ecuación lineal en una variable
(p. 298) An equation that can be Ecuación que puede expresarse en
written in the form ax = b where la forma ax = b donde a y b son x+1=7
a and b are constants and a ≠ 0. constantes y a ≠ 0.

linear equation in two variables ecuación lineal en dos variables

(p. 298) An equation that can be Ecuación que puede expresarse en
written in the form Ax + By = C la forma Ax + By = C donde A, B y 2x + 3y = 6
where A, B, and C are constants C son constantes y A y B no son
and A and B are not both 0. ambas 0.

linear function (p. 296) A function función lineal Función que puede y=x-1
that can be written in the form expresarse en la forma y = mx + b, {
Þ
y = mx + b, where x is the donde x es la variable independiente Ó
independent variable and m and y m y b son números reales. Su Ý
b are real numbers. Its graph is a gráfica es una línea. { Ó ä Ó {

line.
{

linear inequality in one variable desigualdad lineal en una variable

(p. 414) An inequality that can be Desigualdad que puede expresarse
written in one of the following de una de las siguientes formas: 3x - 5 ≤ 2(x + 4)
forms: ax < b, ax > b, ax ≤ b, ax < b, ax > b, ax ≤ b, ax ≥ b o
ax ≥ b, or ax ≠ b, where a and b ax ≠ b, donde a y b son constantes
are constants and a ≠ 0. y a ≠ 0.

linear inequality in two desigualdad lineal en dos variables

variables (p. 414) An inequality Desigualdad que puede expresarse
that can be written in one of the de una de las siguientes formas:
following forms: Ax + By < C, Ax + By < C, Ax + By > C, Ax + By 2x + 3y > 6
Ax + By > C, Ax + By ≤ C, ≤ C, Ax + By ≥ C o Ax + By ≠ C,
Ax + By ≥ C, or Ax + By ≠ C, donde A, B y C son constantes y A y
where A, B, and C are constants B no son ambas 0.
and A and B are not both 0.

literal equation (p. 108) An ecuación literal Ecuación que d = rt

equation that contains two or contiene dos o más variables.
more variables. A=_
2
( 1 2)
1h b + b

lower quartile See first quartile. cuartil inferior Ver primer cuartil.

M
mapping diagram (p. 236) diagrama de correspondencia >««ˆ˜}Êˆ>}À>“
A diagram that shows the Diagrama que muestra la relación œ“>ˆ˜ ,>˜}i
relationship of elements in the entre los elementos del dominio

domain to elements in the range y los elementos del rango de una Ó
of a relation or function. función.

markup (p. 139) The amount by margen de ganancia Cantidad que

which a wholesale cost is increased. se agrega a un costo mayorista.

matrix (p. 746) A rectangular matriz Arreglo rectangular de  1 0 3

array of numbers. números. -2 2 -5 
 7 -6 3

S126 Glossary/Glosario

A64 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
maximum of a function (p. 592) máximo de una función Valor ­ä]ÊÓ®
The y-value of the highest point de y del punto más alto en la
on the graph of the function. gráfica de la función.

The maximum of the function is 2.

mean (p. 694) The sum of all the media Suma de todos los valores Data set: 4, 6, 7, 8, 10
values in a data set divided by the de un conjunto de datos dividida 4 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 10
Mean: __
number of data values. Also called entre el número de valores de 5
the average. datos. También llamada promedio. =_ 35 = 7
5
measure of an angle (p. S56) medida de un ángulo Los ángulos
Angles are measured in degrees. A se miden en grados. Un grado es ÓÈ°nÂ
degree is ___
1
360
of a complete circle. ___
1
360
de un círculo completo. 

measure of central tendency medida de tendencia dominante

(p. 694) A measure that describes Medida que describe el centro de mean, median, or mode
the center of a data set. un conjunto de datos.

median (p. 694) For an ordered mediana Dado un conjunto de

data set with an odd number of datos ordenado con un número 8, 9, 9, 12, 15 Median: 9
values, the median is the middle impar de valores, la mediana es el
value. For an ordered data set valor medio. Dado un conjunto 4, 6, 7, 10, 10, 12
with an even number of values, de datos con un número par de 7 + 10
Median: _ = 8.5
the median is the average of the valores, la mediana es el promedio 2
two middle values. de los dos valores medios.

minimum of a function (p. 592) mínimo de una función Valor de

The y-value of the lowest point on y del punto más bajo en la gráfica
the graph of the function. de la función.
­ä]ÊÓ®

The minimum of the function

is -2.

mode (p. 694) The value or values moda El valor o los valores que se
that occur most frequently in a presentan con mayor frecuencia Data set: 3, 6, 8, 8, 10 Mode: 8
data set; if all values occur with en un conjunto de datos. Si todos Data set: 2, 5, 5, 7, 7 Modes: 5
the same frequency, the data set is los valores se presentan con la and 7
said to have no mode. misma frecuencia, se dice que el Data set: 2, 3, 6, 9, 11 No mode
conjunto de datos no tiene moda.

monomial (p. 476) A number or a monomio Número o producto de

product of numbers and variables números y variables con exponentes 3x 2y 4
with whole-number exponents, or de números cabales, o polinomio
a polynomial with one term. con un término.

Multiplication Property of Propiedad de igualdad de la 1x =7

_
Equality (p. 86) If a, b, and c are multiplicación Si a, b y c son 3
real numbers and a = b, then
ac = bc.
números reales y a = b,
entonces ac = bc.
(3) _
3( )
1 x = (3)(7)

x = 21

Glossary/Glosario S127

Glossary/Glosario A65
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Multiplication Property of Propiedad de desigualdad de la
Inequality (p. 180) If both sides multiplicación Si ambos lados de 1x >7
_
of an inequality are multiplied by una desigualdad se multiplican 3
the same positive quantity, the
new inequality will have the same
por el mismo número positivo,
la nueva desigualdad tendrá el
( )
1 x > (3)(7)
(3) _
3
solution set. mismo conjunto solución. x > 21
If both sides of an inequality are Si ambos lados de una desigualdad
multiplied by the same negative se multiplican por el mismo número -x ≤ 2
quantity, the new inequality negativo, la nueva desigualdad (-1)(-x) ≥ (-1)(2)
will have the solution set if the tendrá el mismo conjunto solución si x ≥ -2
inequality symbol is reversed. se invierte el símbolo de desigualdad.

multiplicative inverse (p. 21) The inverso multiplicativo Recíproco de The multiplicative inverse
reciprocal of the number. un número. of 5 is _15_.

mutually exclusive events (p. 734) sucesos mutuamente excluyentes In the experiment of rolling
Two events are mutually exclusive Dos sucesos son mutuamente a number cube, rolling a 3
if they cannot both occur in the excluyentes si ambos no pueden and rolling an even number
same trial of an experiment. ocurrir en la misma prueba de un are mutually exclusive
experimento. events.

N
natural number (p. 34) A counting número natural Número que se
number. utiliza para contar. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …

negative correlation (p. 263) correlación negativa Dos conjuntos Þ

Two data sets have a negative de datos tienen una correlación
correlation if one set of data negativa si un conjunto de valores de
values increases as the other set datos aumenta a medida que el otro
decreases. conjunto disminuye. Ý

negative exponent (p. 446) For exponente negativo Para cualquier

1 ; 3 -2 = _
x -2 = _ 1
any nonzero real number x and número real distinto de cero x y
any integer n, x -n = __
1
. cualquier entero n, x -n = __
1
. x2 32
xn xn

negative number A number that is número negativo Número menor

less than zero. Negative numbers que cero. Los números negativos -2 is a negative number.
lie to the left of zero on a number se ubican a la izquierda del cero
{ Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î {
line. en una recta numérica.

negative square root (p. 32) The raíz cuadrada negativa Opuesto de la
opposite of the principal square raíz cuadrada principal de un número The negative square root
root of a number a, written as - √
a. a, que se expresa como - √ a. of 9 is - √
9 = -3.

net (p. S67) A diagram of the plantilla Diagrama de las caras de

faces of a three-dimensional una figura tridimensional que se
£äʓ
figure arranged in such a way that puede plegar para formar la figura £äʓ

the diagram can be folded to form tridimensional. Èʓ

the three-dimensional figure.

Èʓ

no correlation (p. 263) Two data sin correlación Dos conjuntos Þ

sets have no correlation if there de datos no tienen correlación si

is no relationship between the no existe una relación entre los
sets of values. conjuntos de valores. Ý

S128 Glossary/Glosario

A66 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
nth root (p. 832) The nth root enésima raíz La enésima raíz de un
__
1
n n
of1 a number a, written as √
__

a or número a, que se escribe √
a o a n, √
5

32 = 2, because 2 5 = 32.
a , is a number that is equal to a
n
es un número igual a a cuando se
when it is raised to the nth power. eleva a la enésima potencia.

number line (p. 14) A line used to recta numérica Línea utilizada para
represent the real numbers. representar los números reales. { Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È

numerical expression (p. 6) An expresión numérica Expresión que

expression that contains only contiene únicamente números y 2 · 3 + (4 - 6)
numbers and operations. operaciones.

O
obtuse angle (p. S56) An angle ángulo obtuso Ángulo que mide más
that measures greater than 90° de 90° y menos de 180°.
and less than 180°.

obtuse triangle (p. S63) A triangle triángulo obtusángulo Triángulo con

with one obtuse angle. un ángulo obtuso.

odds (p. 722) A comparison probabilidades a favor y en contra

of favorable and unfavorable Comparación de los resultados
outcomes. The odds in favor favorables y desfavorables. Las
of an event are the ratio of the probabilidades a favor de un suceso The odds in favor of rolling a 3
number of favorable outcomes son la razón entre la cantidad de on a number cube are 1 : 5.
to the number of unfavorable resultados favorables y la cantidad
The odds against rolling a 3 on
outcomes. The odds against an de resultados desfavorables. Las
a number cube are 5 : 1.
event are the ratio of the number probabilidades en contra de
of unfavorable outcomes to the un suceso son la razón entre
number of favorable outcomes. la cantidad de resultados
desfavorables y la cantidad
de resultados favorables.

opposite (p. 15) The opposite of opuesto El opuesto de un número

a number a, denoted -a, is the a, expresado -a, es el número xÊ՘ˆÌà xÊ՘ˆÌÃ
number that is the same distance que se encuentra a la misma
from zero as a, on the opposite distancia de cero que a, del lado È x { Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È

side of the number line. The sum opuesto de la recta numérica. La 5 and -5 are opposites.
of opposites is 0. suma de los opuestos es 0.

opposite reciprocal (p. 352) The recíproco opuesto Opuesto

opposite of the reciprocal of a del recíproco de un número. 3.
2 is - _
The opposite reciprocal of _
number. The opposite reciprocal El recíproco opuesto de a 3 2
of any nonzero number a is - __a1 . es - __a1 .

OR (p. 202) A logical operator O Operador lógico que A = {2, 3, 4, 5} B = {1, 3, 5, 7}

representing the union of two representa la unión de dos The set of values that are in
sets. conjuntos. A OR B is A  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}.

Glossary/Glosario S129

Glossary/Glosario A67
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
order of operations (p. 40) orden de las operaciones Regla
A process for evaluating para evaluar las expresiones:
expressions: Primero, realizar las operaciones 2 + 3 2 - (7 + 5) ÷ 4 · 3
First, perform operations in entre paréntesis u otros símbolos 2 + 3 2 - 12 ÷ 4 · 3 Add inside
parentheses or other grouping de agrupación. parentheses.
symbols. Segundo, evaluar las potencias y 2 + 9 - 12 ÷ 4 · 3 Evaluate the
Second, evaluate powers and las raíces. power.
roots. Tercero, realizar todas las 2+9-3·3 Divide.
Third, perform all multiplication multiplicaciones y divisiones de 2+9-9 Multiply.
and division from left to right. izquierda a derecha. 11 - 9 Add.
Fourth, perform all addition and Cuarto, realizar todas las sumas y 2 Subtract.
subtraction from left to right. restas de izquierda a derecha.

ordered pair (p. 54) A pair of par ordenado Par de números (x, y) Þ
{
numbers (x, y) that can be used
que se pueden utilizar para ubicar
to locate a point on a coordinate un punto en un plano cartesiano. El Ó
Ý
plane. The first number x indicates primer número, x, indica la distancia
{ Ó ä Ó {
the distance to the left or right of a la izquierda o derecha del origen
the origin, and the second number y el segundo número, y, indica la The coordinates of B
y indicates the distance above or distancia hacia arriba o hacia abajo are (-2, 3).
below the origin. del origen.

origin (p. 54) The intersection of origen Intersección de los ejes

the x- and y-axes in a coordinate x e y en un plano cartesiano. Las
plane. The coordinates of the coordenadas de origen son (0, 0). œÀˆ}ˆ˜
origin are (0, 0).
ä

outcome (p. 713) A possible result resultado Resultado posible de un In the experiment of rolling
of a probability experiment. experimento de probabilidad. a number cube, the possible
outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

outlier (p. 695) A data value that valor extremo Valor de -OSTOFDATA -EAN /UTLIER
is far removed from the rest of the datos que está muy alejado
data. del resto de los datos.

output (p. 55) The result of salida Resultado de la sustitución For the function f (x) = x 2 + 1,
substituting a value for a variable de una variable por un valor en the input 3 produces an output
in a function. una función. of 10.

P
parabola (p. 591) The shape of the parábola Forma de la gráfica de una
graph of a quadratic function. función cuadrática.

parallel lines (p. 349, p. S56) Lines líneas paralelas Líneas en el mismo À

in the same plane that do not plano que no se cruzan.

Ã
intersect.

parallelogram (p. S63) A paralelogramo Cuadrilátero con dos

quadrilateral with two pairs of pares de lados paralelos.
parallel sides.

S130 Glossary/Glosario

A68 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
parent function (p. 357) The función madre La función más
simplest function with the básica que tiene las características f (x) = x 2 is the parent
defining characteristics of the distintivas de una familia. Las function for g (x) = x 2 + 4
family. Functions in the same funciones de la misma familia son and h (x) = (5x + 2)2 - 3.
family are transformations of their transformaciones de su función
parent function. madre.

Pascal’s triangle (p. 570) A triángulo de Pascal Arreglo 1

triangular arrangement of triangular de números en el cual 1 1
numbers in which every row cada fila comienza y termina con 1 2 1
starts and ends with 1 and each 1 y los demás números son la suma 1 3 3 1
other number is the sum of the de los dos valores que están arriba 1 4 6 4 1
two numbers above it. de cada uno.

percent (p. 127) A ratio that porcentaje Razón que compara un 17 = 17%
_
compares a number to 100. número con 100. 100

percent change (p. 138) An porcentaje de cambio Incremento

increase or decrease given as a o disminución dada como un
percent of the original amount. porcentaje de la cantidad original. Ver
See also percent decrease, percent también porcentaje de disminución,
increase. porcentaje de incremento.

percent decrease (p. 138) A porcentaje de disminución If an item that costs $8.00 is
decrease given as a percent of the Disminución dada como un marked down to $6.00, the
original amount. porcentaje de la cantidad original. amount of the decrease is
$2.00, so the percent decrease is
____
2.00
= 0.25 = 25%.
8.00

percent increase (p. 138) An porcentaje de incremento If an item’s wholesale cost of

increase given as a percent of the Incremento dado como un $8.00 is marked up to $12.00,
original amount. porcentaje de la cantidad the amount of the increase is
original. $4.00, so the percent increase
is ____
4.00
8.00
= 0.5 = 50%.

perfect square (p. 32) A number cuadrado perfecto Número cuya 36 is a perfect square
whose positive square root is a raíz cuadrada positiva es un número because √ 36 = 6.
whole number. cabal.

perfect-square trinomial (p. 501) trinomio cuadrado perfecto Trinomio

A trinomial whose factored form cuya forma factorizada es el
is the square of a binomial. A cuadrado de un binomio. Un x 2 + 6x + 9 is a perfect-
perfect-square trinomial has the trinomio cuadrado perfecto tiene square trinomial, because
form a 2 - 2ab + b 2 = (a - b) or
2
la forma a 2 - 2ab + b 2 = (a - b)
2 x 2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3) 2.
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b) . o a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b) .
2 2

perimeter (p. S60) The sum of perímetro Suma de las longitudes £nÊvÌ

the side lengths of a closed plane de los lados de una figura plana ÈvÌ
figure. cerrada.
Perimeter = 18 + 6 + 18 + 6 = 48 ft

permutation (p. 737) An permutación Arreglo de un grupo For objects A, B, C, and

arrangement of a group of objects de objetos en el cual el orden es D, there are 12 different
in which order is important. importante. permutations of 2 objects.
AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD
BA, CA, DA, CB, DB, DC

Glossary/Glosario S131

Glossary/Glosario A69
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
perpendicular Intersecting to form perpendicular Que se cruza para ˜
90° angles. formar ángulos de 90°. “

perpendicular lines (p. 351, líneas perpendiculares Líneas que se ˜

p. S56) Lines that intersect at 90° cruzan en ángulos de 90°. “

angles.

plane (p. S56) An undefined term plano Término indefinido en

in geometry, it is a flat surface geometría; un plano es una
that has no thickness and extends superficie plana que no tiene grosor
forever in all directions. y se extiende infinitamente en todas
direcciones.
plane R of plane ABC

point (p. S56) An undefined term punto Término indefinido en

in geometry, it names a location geometría que denomina una *
and has no size. ubicación y no tiene tamaño. point P

point-slope form (p. 342) The forma de punto y pendiente La

point-slope form of a linear forma de punto y pendiente de una
equation is y - y 1 = m(x - x 1), ecuación lineal es y - y 1 = m(x - x 1), y - 3 = 2(x - 3)
where m is the slope and (x 1, y 1) donde m es la pendiente y (x 1, y 1) es
is a point on the line. un punto en la línea.

polygon (p. S58) A closed plane polígono Figura plana cerrada

figure formed by three or more formada por tres o más segmentos
segments such that each segment tal que cada segmento se cruza
intersects exactly two other únicamente con otros dos
segments only at their endpoints segmentos sólo en sus extremos y
and no two segments with a ningún segmento con un extremo
common endpoint are collinear. común a otro es colineal con éste.

polynomial (p. 476) A monomial polinomio Monomio o suma o

2x 2 + 3xy - 7y 2
or a sum or difference of diferencia de monomios.
monomials.

polynomial long division (p. 893) división larga polinomial x+1

A method of dividing one Método por el que se divide x + 2 
x 2 + 3x + 5
polynomial by another. un polinomio entre otro. -(x 2 + 2x)
−−−−−−−
x+5
-(x + 2)
−−−−−−
3
x + 3x + 5
2
__ 3
=x+1+_
x+2 x +2

positive correlation (p. 263) correlación positiva (p. 264) Þ

Two data sets have a positive Dos conjuntos de datos tienen
correlation if both sets of data correlación positiva si los valores
values increase. de ambos conjuntos de datos
Ý
aumentan.

positive number A number greater número positivo Número mayor 2 is a positive number.
than zero. que cero.
{ Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î {

S132 Glossary/Glosario

A70 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
positive square root (p. 32) The raíz cuadrada positiva Raíz cuadrada The positive square root of
positive square root of a number, positiva de un número, expresada 36 is √
36 = 6.
indicated by the radical sign. por el signo de radical.

power (p. 26) An expression potencia Expresión escrita con una

written with a base and an base y un exponente o el valor de 2 3 = 8, so 8 is the third
exponent or the value of such an dicha expresión. power of 2.
expression.

Power of a Power Property Propiedad de la potencia de una

(p. 462) If a is any nonzero real potencia Dado un número real (6 7)4 = 6 7·4
number and m and n are integers, a distinto de cero y los números = 6 28
then (a m) = a mn. enteros m y n, entonces (a m) = a mn.
n n

Power of a Product Property Propiedad de la potencia de un

(p. 463) If a and b are any nonzero producto Dados los números reales (2 · 4)3 = 2 3 · 4 3
real numbers and n is any integer, a y b distintos de cero y un número = 8 · 64
then (ab) = a nb n. entero n, entonces (ab) = a nb n.
n n
= 512

(_35 ) = _53 · _53 · _53 · _53

4
Power of a Quotient Property Propiedad de la potencia de un
(p. 469, p. 470) If a and b are any cociente Dados los números reales a
nonzero real numbers and n is an y b distintos de cero y un número ·3·3·3
= 3__
5·5·5·5
(b) (b)
n an n an
integer, then _a_ = __
bn
. entero n, entonces _a_ = __
bn
.
=_ 34
54
prediction (p. 715) An estimate or predicción Estimación o suposición
guess about something that has sobre algo que todavía no ha
not yet happened. sucedido.

prime factorization (p. 524) A factorización prima Representación

The prime factorization of
representation of a number or de un número o de un polinomio
60 is 2 · 2 · 3 · 5
a polynomial as a product of como producto de números primos.
primes.

prime number (p. 524) A whole número primo Número cabal mayor
5 is prime because its only
number greater than 1 that has que 1 que es divisible únicamente
factors are 5 and 1.
exactly two factors, itself and 1. entre sí mismo y entre 1.

principal (p. 133) An amount of capital Cantidad de dinero que se

money borrowed or invested. pide prestado o se invierte.

prism (p. 874, p. S64) A prisma Poliedro formado por dos

polyhedron formed by two bases poligonales congruentes y
parallel congruent polygonal paralelas conectadas por caras
bases connected by faces that are laterales que son paralelogramos.
parallelograms.

probability (p. 713) A number probabilidad Número entre 0 y 1 A bag contains 3 red marbles
from 0 to 1 (or 0% to 100%) that (o entre 0% y 100%) que describe and 4 blue marbles. The
is the measure of how likely an cuán probable es que ocurra un probability of randomly
event is to occur. suceso. choosing a red marble is __37 .

Product of Powers Property Propiedad del producto de potencias

(p. 460) If a is any nonzero real Dado un número real a distinto de 6 7 · 6 4 = 6 7+4
number and m and n are integers, cero y los números enteros m y n, = 6 11
then a m · a n = a m+n. entonces a m · a n = a m+n.

Glossary/Glosario S133

Glossary/Glosario A71
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Product Property of Square Propiedad del producto de raíces
Roots (p. 806) For a ≥ 0 and cuadradas Dados a ≥ 0 y √
9 · 25 = √ 9 · √
25
b ≥ 0, √
ab = √a · √b.
b ≥ 0, √
ab = √ a · √
b. = 3 · 5 = 15

proportion (p. 114) A statement proporción Ecuación que establece 2 =_

_ 4
that two ratios are equal; __ab = __
c
d
. que dos razones son iguales; __ab = __
c
d
. 3 6

pyramid (p. 874, p. S64) A pirámide Poliedro formado por

polyhedron formed by a polygonal una base poligonal y caras laterales
base and triangular lateral faces triangulares que se encuentran en
that meet at a common vertex. un vértice común.

Pythagorean Theorem (p. S68) If a Teorema de Pitágoras Dado un £ÎÊV“

right triangle has legs of lengths a triángulo rectángulo con catetos de xÊV“
and b and a hypotenuse of length longitudes a y b y una hipotenusa de
c, then a 2 + b 2 = c 2. longitud c, entonces a 2 + b 2 = c 2. £ÓÊV“
5 2 + 12 2 = 13 2
25 + 144 = 169

Pythagorean triple (p. 519) A set Tripleta de Pitágoras Conjunto de The numbers 3, 4, and 5
of three nonzero whole numbers tres números cabales distintos de form a Pythagorean triple
a, b, and c such that a 2 + b 2 = c 2. cero a, b y c tal que a 2 + b 2 = c 2. because 3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2.

Q
quadrant (p. 54) One of the four cuadrante Una de las cuatro
regions into which the x- and regiones en las que los ejes x e y
+Õ>`À>˜ÌÊ +Õ>`À>˜ÌÊ
y-axes divide the coordinate dividen el plano cartesiano.
plane.
ä

+Õ>`À>˜ÌÊ +Õ>`À>˜ÌÊ6

quadratic equation (p. 622) An ecuación cuadrática Ecuación

equation that can be written in que se puede expresar como x 2 + 3x - 4 = 0
the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where ax 2 + bx + c = 0, donde a, b y c x2 - 9 = 0
a, b, and c are real numbers and son números reales y a ≠ 0.
a ≠ 0.

Quadratic Formula (p. 652) fórmula cuadrática La fórmula The solutions of 2x 2 - 5x - 3 = 0

-b ± √
b 2 - 4ac -b ± √
b 2 - 4ac are given by
The formula x = ____________ , x = ____________ , que da
2a 2a -(-5) ± √
(-5)2 - 4 (2)(-3)
which gives solutions, or roots, of soluciones, o raíces, para x = ___
equations in the form las ecuaciones del tipo 2(2)
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0. ax 2 + bx + c = 0, donde √
5 ± 25 + 24 5±7
= __ = _
a ≠ 0. 4 4
1.
x = 3 or x = - _
2
quadratic function (p. 590) A función cuadrática Función
function that can be written in the que se puede expresar como
f (x) = x 2 - 6x + 8
form f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c, where f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c, donde a,
a, b, and c are real numbers and b y c son números reales
a ≠ 0. y a ≠ 0.

S134 Glossary/Glosario

A72 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
quadratic polynomial (p. 477) A polinomio cuadrático Polinomio de
polynomial of degree 2. grado 2. x 2 - 6x + 8

quartile (p. 695) The median of cuartil La mediana de la mitad &IRSTQUARTILE 4HIRDQUARTILE
-INIMUM -EDIAN -AXIMUM
the upper or lower half of a data superior o inferior de un conjunto
set. See also first quartile, third de datos. Ver también primer
quartile. cuartil, tercer cuartil. ä Ó { È n £ä £Ó £{

Quotient of Powers Property Propiedad del cociente de

(p. 467) If a is a nonzero real potencias Dado un número real 6 7 = 6 7-4 = 6 3
_
number and m and n are integers, a distinto de cero y los números 64
am am
then ___
an
= a m-n. enteros m y n, entonces ___an
= a m-n.

Quotient Property of Square Propiedad del cociente de raíces

Roots (p. 806) For a ≥ 0 and cuadradas Dados a ≥ 0 y _

9 =_
√9 3
=_
25 √
25 5

b > 0, __
a
√a
= ___ .
b > 0, __
a
√a
= ___ .
b √
b b √
b

R
radical equation (p. 822) An ecuación radical Ecuación que
equation that contains a variable contiene una variable dentro de un √
x+3+4=7
within a radical. radical.

radical expression (p. 805) An expresión radical Expresión que

expression that contains a radical contiene un signo de radical. √
x+3+4
sign.

radical symbol (p. 32) The símbolo de radical Símbolo √

symbol √ used to denote a que se utiliza para expresar una √
36 = 6
root. The symbol is used alone raíz. Puede utilizarse solo para
√
3
27 = 3
to indicate a square root or with indicar una raíz cuadrada, o con un
an index, √ , to indicate the nth índice, √ , para indicar la enésima
n n

root. raíz.

radicand (p. 805) The expression radicando Número o expresión x+3

Expression: √
under a radical sign. debajo del signo de radical. Radicand: x + 3

radius (p. S62) A segment whose radio Segmento cuyos extremos son
endpoints are the center of a el centro de un círculo y un punto de ,>`ˆÕÃ
circle and a point on the circle; la circunferencia; distancia desde el
the distance from the center of a centro de un círculo hasta cualquier
circle to any point on the circle. punto de la circunferencia.

random sample (p. 703) A sample muestra aleatoria Muestra Mr. Hansen chose a random
selected from a population so that seleccionada de una población sample of the class by writing
each member of the population tal que cada miembro de ésta each student’s name on a slip
has an equal chance of being tenga igual probabilidad de ser of paper, mixing up the slips,
selected. seleccionada. and drawing five slips without
looking.

range of a data set (p. 694) The rango de un conjunto de datos The data set {3, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10,
difference of the greatest and least La diferencia del mayor y menor 11, 11, 12} has a range of
values in the data set. valor en un conjunto de datos. 12 - 3 = 9.

Glossary/Glosario S135

Glossary/Glosario A73
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
range of a function or relation rango de una función o relación
(p. 236) The set of output values of Conjunto de todos los valores de
The range of y = x 2 is y ≥ 0.
a function or relation. salida posibles de una función o
relación.

rate (p. 114) A ratio that tasa Razón que compara dos
compares two quantities cantidades medidas en diferentes 55 miles = 55mi/h
_
measured in different units. unidades. 1 hour

rate of change (p. 310) A ratio tasa de cambio Razón que compara The cost of mailing a letter
that compares the amount of la cantidad de cambio de la variable increased from 22 cents in
change in a dependent variable dependiente con la cantidad 1985 to 25 cents in 1988.
to the amount of change in an de cambio de la variable During this period, the rate of
independent variable. independiente. change was
change in cost
___________ 25 - 21
change in year
= _________ = _3_
1988 - 1985 3
= 1 cent per year.

ratio (p. 114) A comparison of razón Comparación de dos 1 or 1 : 2

_
two quantities by division. cantidades mediante una división. 2

rational equation (p. 900) An ecuación racional Ecuación que

__ x+2
equation that contains one or contiene una o más expresiones =6
more rational expressions. racionales. x 2 + 3x - 1

rational exponent (p. 832) An exponente racional Exponente que

exponent that can be expressed se puede expresar como __
m
n tal que si __1
64 6 = √
6
as _m_ 64
n such that if m and n are m y n son números enteros,
= ( √b ) . = ( √ b) .
_m_ m __
m m
integers, then b n = √b entonces b n = √b
n m n n m n

rational expression (p. 866) expresión racional Expresión

An algebraic expression whose algebraica cuyo numerador y __ x+2
numerator and denominator denominador son polinomios y cuyo x + 3x - 1
2

are polynomials and whose denominador tiene un grado ≥ 1.

denominator has a degree ≥ 1.

rational function (p. 858) A función racional Función cuya

x+2
function whose rule can be regla se puede expresar como una f(x) = __
written as a rational expression. expresión racional. x + 3x - 1
2

rational number (p. 34) A number número racional Número que se

that can be written in the form __ab , puede expresar como __ab , donde a y b − 2, 0
3, 1.75, 0.3, - _
where a and b are integers and son números enteros y b ≠ 0. 3
b ≠ 0.

rationalizing the denominator racionalizar el denominador Método

(p. 818) A method of rewriting a que consiste en escribir nuevamente
√
1 ·_
_ 2 √
2
fraction by multiplying by another una fracción multiplicándola por =_
fraction that is equivalent to 1 otra fracción equivalente a 1 a fin de √
2 √
2 2
in order to remove radical terms eliminar los términos radicales del
from the denominator. denominador.

ray (p. S56) A part of a line that rayo Parte de una recta que
starts at an endpoint and extends comienza en un extremo y se
forever in one direction. extiende infinitamente en una 
dirección.

S136 Glossary/Glosario

A74 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
real number (p. 34) A rational or número real Número racional o ,i>Ê ՓLiÀÃ
,>̈œ˜>Ê ՓLiÀÃÊ­ύ® ÀÀ>̈œ˜>Ê ՓLiÀÃ
irrational number. Every point on irracional. Cada punto de la recta ÚÚÚ
Ü
ä°ÊÎÊ

ÊÓÇÊÊÊ
{ ˜Ìi}iÀÃÊ­ϖ® ÊÚÚÚ
Ê£äÊÊÊ ÊȖ£ÇÊ
е

е
Ê
the number line represents a real numérica representa un número Î
7…œiÊ Õ“LiÀÃÊ­ϓ® Ó
££

ÊÊȖ££Ê
е

е
Ê
number. real. £ >ÌÕÀ>Ê ՓLiÀÃÊ­ϊ® ä
ÊȖÓÊ
е


Ê

£ Î
i
Ó
{°x ÚÚÊxÊÊÊ û
™

reciprocal (p. 21) For a real recíproco Dado el número real

Number Reciprocal
number a ≠ 0, the reciprocal of a a ≠ 0, el recíproco de a es __a1 . El
__
1
is __a1 . The product of reciprocals producto de los recíprocos es 1. 2 2
is 1. 1 1
-1 -1
0 No reciprocal

rectangle (p. S63) A quadrilateral rectángulo Cuadrilátero con cuatro

with four right angles. ángulos rectos.

rectangular prism (p. 874) A prism prisma rectangular Prisma cuyas

whose bases are rectangles. bases son rectángulos.

rectangular pyramid (p. 874) pirámide rectangular Pirámide cuya

A pyramid whose base is a base es un rectángulo.
rectangle.

reflection (p. 359, p. S69) A reflexión Transformación en la

Ī
transformation that reflects, or que una gráfica o figura se refleja
“flips,” a graph or figure across a o se invierte sobre una línea,


Ī
line, called the line of reflection. denominada la línea de reflexión.

Ī

regular polygon (p. S58) A polígono regular Polígono equilátero

polygon that is both equilateral de ángulos iguales.
and equiangular.

relation (p. 236) A set of ordered relación Conjunto de pares  

(0, 5), (0, 4), (2, 3), (4, 0)
pairs. ordenados.  

repeating decimal (p. 34) A decimal periódico Número racional

rational number in decimal form en forma decimal que tiene un − − −− −
1.3, 0.6, 2.14, 6.773
that has a block of one or more bloque de uno o más dígitos que se
digits that repeat continuously. repite continuamente.

replacement set (p. 8) A set of conjunto de reemplazo Conjunto de

numbers that can be substituted números que pueden sustituir una
for a variable. variable.

rhombus (p. S63) A quadrilateral rombo Cuadrilátero con cuatro

with four congruent sides. lados congruentes.

right angle (p. S56) An angle that ángulo recto Ángulo que mide 90°.
measures 90°.

rise (p. 311) The difference in the distancia vertical Diferencia entre
For the points (3, -1) and
y-values of two points on a line. los valores de y de dos puntos de
(6, 5), the rise is 5 - (-1) = 6.
una línea.

Glossary/Glosario S137

Glossary/Glosario A75
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
rotation (p. 358, p. S69) A rotación Transformación que rota Ī
Ī
transformation that rotates or o gira una figura sobre un punto
turns a figure about a point called llamado centro de rotación. Ī Ī
 
the center of rotation.


run (p. 311) The difference in the distancia horizontal Diferencia For the points (3, -1) and
x-values of two points on a line. entre los valores de x de dos (6, 5), the run is 6 - 3 = 3.
puntos de una línea.

S
sales tax (p. 134) A percent of the impuesto sobre la venta Porcentaje
cost of an item that is charged by del costo de un artículo que cobran
governments to raise money. los gobiernos para recaudar dinero.

sample space (p. 713) The set espacio muestral Conjunto de In the experiment of rolling
of all possible outcomes of a todos los resultados posibles de un a number cube, the sample
probability experiment. experimento de probabilidad. space is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

scale (p. 116) The ratio between escala Razón entre dos medidas
two corresponding measurements. correspondientes. 1 cm : 5 mi

scale drawing (p. 116) A drawing dibujo a escala Dibujo que utiliza 
that uses a scale to represent an una escala para representar un 

object as smaller or larger than objeto como más pequeño o más

 
the actual object. grande que el objeto original.
A blueprint is an example of
a scale drawing.
scale factor (p. 123) The factor de escala El multiplicador
multiplier used on each utilizado en cada dimensión para
{ʈ˜° Èʈ˜°
dimension to change one transformar una figura en una
figure into a similar figure. figura semejante. Óʈ˜°
Îʈ˜°
3 = 1.5
Scale factor: _
2
scale model (p. 116) A three- modelo a escala Modelo
dimensional model that uses a tridimensional que utiliza una escala
scale to represent an object as para representar un objeto como
smaller or larger than the actual más pequeño o más grande que el
object. objeto real.

scalene triangle (p. S63) A triangle triángulo escaleno Triángulo sin

with no congruent sides. lados congruentes.

scatter plot (p. 262) A graph with diagrama de dispersión Gráfica con Þ
points plotted to show a possible puntos que se usa para demostrar n

relationship between two sets of una relación posible entre dos È

data. conjuntos de datos. {
Ó
Ý
ä Ó { È n

S138 Glossary/Glosario

A76 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
scientific notation (p. 453) A notación científica Método que
method of writing very large or consiste en escribir números muy 12,560,000,000,000 =
very small numbers, by using grandes o muy pequeños utilizando 1.256 × 10 13
powers of 10, in the form m × 10 n, potencias de 10 del tipo m × 10 n,
where 1 ≤ m < 10 and n is an donde 1 ≤ m < 10 y n es un número 0.0000075 = 7.5 × 10 -6
integer. entero.

second differences (p. 590) segundas diferencias Diferencias Constant change in x-values
Differences between first entre las primeras diferencias de +1 +1 +1 +1
differences of a function. una función.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y = x2 0 1 4 9 16

First differences
+1 +3 +5 +7

Second differences +2 +2 +2

sequence (p. 272) A list of numbers sucesión Lista de números que

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …
that often form a pattern. generalmente forman un patrón.

set-builder notation (p. 168) A notación de conjuntos Notación

{x | x > 3} is read “The set of
notation for a set that uses a rule para un conjunto que se vale de una
all x such that x is greater
to describe the properties of the regla para describir las propiedades
than 3.”
elements of the set. de los elementos del conjunto.

similar (p. 121) Two figures are semejantes Dos figuras con
similar if they have the same la misma forma pero no
shape but not necessarily the necesariamente del mismo
same size. tamaño.
È
similarity statement (p. 121) A enunciado de semejanza Enunciado

x x°{ £Ó
statement that indicates that que indica que dos polígonos son 

{
two polygons are similar by semejantes enumerando los vértices
£ä £ä°n
listing the vertices in the order of en orden de correspondencia.
correspondence. 
n


quadrilateral ABCD ∼
quadrilateral EFGH

simple event (p. 737) An event suceso simple Suceso que tiene In the experiment of rolling
consisting of only one outcome. sólo un resultado. a number cube, the event
consisting of the outcome 3
is a simple event.

simple interest (p. 133) A fixed interés simple Porcentaje fijo del If $100 is put into an account
percent of the principal. For capital. Dado el capital P, la tasa de with a simple interest rate of
principal P, interest rate r, and interés r y el tiempo t expresado en 5%, then after 2 years, the
time t in years, the simple interest años, el interés simple es I = Prt. account will have earned
is I = Prt. I = 100 · 0.05 · 2 = $10 in
interest.

Glossary/Glosario S139

Glossary/Glosario A77
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
simplest form of a square root forma simplificada de una expresión
expression (p. 805) A square root de raíz cuadrada Una expresión
expression is in simplest form de raíz cuadrada está en forma
if it meets the following simplificada si reúne los siguientes
criteria: requisitos: Not Simplest Simplest
1. No perfect squares are in the 1. No hay cuadrados perfectos en Form Form
radicand. el radicando. √
180 6 √
5
2. No fractions are in the 2. No hay fracciones en el
√
216a 2b 2 6ab √
6
radicand. radicando.
3. No square roots appear in the 3. No aparecen raíces cuadradas en √
_7 √
_14
denominator of a fraction. el denominador de una fracción. √
2 2
See also rationalizing the Ver también racionalizar el
denominator. denominador.

simplest form of a rational forma simplificada de una expresión _ x - 1)(x + 1)

x 2 - 1 = (__
expression (p. 867) A rational racional Una expresión racional x2 + x - 2 (x + 1)(x + 2)
expression is in simplest form if está en forma simplificada cuando
the numerator and denominator el numerador y el denominador no = -1
_x
x+2
have no common factors. tienen factores comunes.
Simplest form
simplest form of an exponential forma simplificada de una expresión
expression (p. 460) An exponencial Una expresión
exponential expression is in exponencial está en forma
simplest form if it meets the simplificada si reúne los siguientes
following criteria: requisitos: Not Simplest Simplest
1. There are no negative 1. No hay exponentes negativos. Form Form
exponents. 2. La misma base no aparece más 78 · 74 7 12
2. The same base does not appear de una vez en un producto o (x 2)-4 · x 5 1
_
more than once in a product or cociente. x3
quotient. 3. No se elevan a potencias a 5b 9
_
ab 5
3. No powers, products, or productos, cocientes ni potencias. (ab)4
quotients are raised to powers. 4. Los coeficientes numéricos en un
4. Numerical coefficients in cociente no tienen ningún factor
a quotient do not have any común que no sea 1.
common factor other than 1.

simplify (p. 40) To perform all simplificar Realizar todas las 13 - 20 + 8

indicated operations. operaciones indicadas. -7 + 8
1

simulation (p. 712) A model of simulación Modelo de un

an experiment, often one that experimento; generalmente se
would be too difficult or time- recurre a la simulación cuando
consuming to actually perform. realizar dicho experimento sería
demasiado difícil o llevaría mucho
tiempo.

sine (p. 908) In a right triangle, seno En un triángulo rectángulo,

the ratio of the length of the leg razón entre la longitud del cateto œ««œÃˆÌi
…Þ«œÌi˜ÕÃi
opposite ∠A to the length of the opuesto a ∠A y la longitud de la
hypotenuse. hipotenusa.

opposite
sin A = __
hypotenuse

S140 Glossary/Glosario

A78 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
slope (p. 311) A measure of the pendiente Medida de la inclinación {
Þ
steepness of a line. If (x 1, y 1) and de una línea. Dados dos puntos
(x 2, y 2) are any two points on the (x 1, y 1) y (x 2, y 2) en una línea, la ­Ó]Ê£®
Ó
­Ó]ÊÓ®
Ý
line, the slope of the line, known pendiente de la línea, denominada
{ ä Ó {
as m, is represented by the m, se representa con la ecuación Ó
y2 - y1 y2 - y1
equation m = _____x2 - x1 . m = _____
x2 - x1 .
{

_
y - y1 -1 - 2 = _
m = x2 - x = _ 3
2 1 -2 - 2 4

slope-intercept form (p. 335) The forma de pendiente-intersección

slope-intercept form of a linear La forma de pendiente-intersección y = -2x + 4
equation is y = mx + b, where de una ecuación lineal es The slope is -2.
m is the slope and b is the y = mx + b, donde m es la pendiente The y-intercept is 4.
y-intercept. y b es la intersección con el eje y.

solution of a linear equation in solución de una ecuación lineal en

two variables (p. 245) An ordered dos variables Un par ordenado o Equation: x + y = 6
pair or ordered pairs that make pares ordenados que hacen que la Solution: (4, 2) (one possible
the equation true. ecuación sea verdadera. solution)

solution of a linear inequality in solución de una desigualdad lineal

Inequality: x + y < 6
two variables (p. 414) An ordered en dos variables Un par ordenado
Solution: (3, 1) (one possible
pair or ordered pairs that make o pares ordenados que hacen que
solution)
the inequality true. la desigualdad sea verdadera.

solution of a system of linear solución de un sistema de x + y = -1


equations (p. 383) Any ordered ecuaciones lineales Cualquier  -x + y = -3
pair that satisfies all the equations par ordenado que resuelva todas Solution: (1, -2)
in a system. las ecuaciones de un sistema.

solution of a system of linear solución de un sistema de y ≤ x + 1

inequalities (p. 421) Any desigualdades lineales Cualquier 
 y < -x + 4
ordered pair that satisfies all the par ordenado que resuelva todas
Þ
inequalities in a system. las desigualdades de un sistema.
­Ó]
£®ÊˆÃʈ˜Ê̅iÊ Ó
œÛiÀ>««ˆ˜}Ê
Å>`i`ÊÀi}ˆœ˜Ã]
ÜʈÌʈÃÊ>Ê܏Ṏœ˜° Ó ä Ó Ý
Ó

solution of an equation in one solución de una ecuación en una

variable (p. 77) A value or values variable Valor o valores que hacen Equation: x + 2 = 6
that make the equation true. que la ecuación sea verdadera. Solution: x = 4

solution of an inequality in one solución de una desigualdad en una

variable (p. 168) A value or values variable Valor o valores que hacen Inequality: x + 2 < 6
that make the inequality true. que la desigualdad sea verdadera. Solution: x < 4

solution set (p. 77) The set of conjunto solución Conjunto de Inequality: x + 3 ≥ 5
values that make a statement valores que hacen verdadero un Solution set: {x | x ≥ 2}
true. enunciado.
{ Î Ó £ ä £ Ó Î { x È

Glossary/Glosario S141

Glossary/Glosario A79
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
square (p. S63) A quadrilateral cuadrado Cuadrilátero con cuatro
with four congruent sides and lados congruentes y cuatro ángulos
four right angles. rectos.

square in numeration (p. 26) The cuadrado en numeración La segunda

second power of a number. potencia de un número. 16 is the square of 4.

square root (p. 32) A number that raíz cuadrada El número que se
is multiplied to itself to form a multiplica por sí mismo para formar √ 16 = 4, because
product is called a square root of un producto se denomina la raíz 4 2 = 4 · 4 = 16.
that product. cuadrada de ese producto.

square-root function (p. 798) A función de raíz cuadrada Función

function whose rule contains a cuya regla contiene una variable y = √
3x - 5
variable under a square-root sign. bajo un signo de raíz cuadrada.

standard form of a linear equation forma estándar de una ecuación

(p. 298) Ax + By = C, where A, B, lineal Ax + By = C, donde A, B y C 2x + 3y = 6
and C are real numbers. son números reales.

standard form of a polynomial forma estándar de un polinomio Un

(p. 477) A polynomial in one polinomio de una variable se
variable is written in standard form expresa en forma estándar cuando 4x 5 - 2x 4 + x 2 - x + 1
when the terms are in order from los términos se ordenan de mayor a
greatest degree to least degree. menor grado.

standard form of a quadratic forma estándar de una ecuación

equation (p. 622) ax 2 + bx + c = 0, cuadrática ax 2 + bx + c = 0, donde
2x 2 + 3x - 1 = 0
where a, b, and c are real numbers a, b y c son números reales y a ≠ 0.
and a ≠ 0.

stem-and-leaf plot (p. 687) A diagrama de tallo y hojas Gráfica -Ìi“ i>ÛiÃ
graph used to organize and utilizada para organizar y mostrar Î ÓÊÎÊ{Ê{ÊÇʙ
display data by dividing each data datos dividiendo cada valor de datos { äÊ£ÊxÊÇÊÇÊÇÊn
value into two parts, a stem and en dos partes, un tallo y una hoja. x £ÊÓÊÓÊÎ
a leaf. iÞ\ÊÎ]Óʓi>˜ÃÊΰÓ

substitution method (p. 390) A sustitución Método utilizado para

method used to solve systems of resolver sistemas de ecuaciones
equations by solving an equation resolviendo una ecuación para una
for one variable and substituting variable y sustituyendo la expresión
the resulting expression into the resultante en las demás ecuaciones.
other equation(s).

Subtraction Property of Equality Propiedad de igualdad de la resta Si

x+6= 8
(p. 79) If a, b, and c are real a, b y c son números reales y a = b,
-6 -6
numbers and a = b, then entonces a - c = b - c. −−−− −−
x = 2
a - c = b - c.

Subtraction Property of Propiedad de desigualdad de la resta

x+6< 8
Inequality (p. 174) For real Dados los números reales a, b y c,
-6 -6
numbers a, b, and c, if a < b, then si a < b, entonces a - c < b - c. −−−− −−
x < 2
a - c < b - c. Also holds true for Es válido también para >, ≤, ≥ y ≠.
>, ≤, ≥, and ≠.

S142 Glossary/Glosario

A80 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
supplementary angles (p. S57) ángulos suplementarios Dos ángulos
Two angles whose measures have cuyas medidas suman 180°.
a sum of 180°. Îäc £xäc

surface area (p. S67) The total área total Área total de todas las
area of all faces and curved caras y superficies curvas de una
£ÓÊV“
surfaces of a three-dimensional figura tridimensional.
figure.
ÈÊV“
nÊV“
Surface area
= 2(8)(12) + 2(8)(6) + 2(12)(6)
= 432 cm 2

system of linear equations sistema de ecuaciones lineales 2x + 3y = -1

(p. 383) A system of equations Sistema de ecuaciones en el que 
in which all of the equations are todas las ecuaciones son lineales.  x - 3y = 4
linear.

system of linear inequalities sistema de desigualdades lineales

(p. 421) A system of inequalities in Sistema de desigualdades en dos
2x + 3y > -1

two or more variables in which all o más variables en el que todas las  x - 3y ≤ 4
of the inequalities are linear. desigualdades son lineales.

T
tangent (p. 908) In a right tangente En un triángulo
triangle, the ratio of the length of rectángulo, razón entre la longitud
the leg opposite ∠A to the length del cateto opuesto a ∠A y la longitud œ««œÃˆÌi
of the leg adjacent to ∠A. del cateto adyacente a ∠A.


>`>Vi˜Ì

tan A = _
opposite
adjacent

term of an expression (p. 47) The término de una expresión Parte de 3x 2 + 6x - 8

parts of the expression that are una expresión que debe sumarse o
added or subtracted. restarse. Term Term Term

term of a sequence (p. 272) término de una sucesión Elemento o 5 is the third term in the
An element or number in the número de una sucesión. sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, …
sequence.

terminating decimal (p. 34) A decimal finito Número racional en

rational number in decimal form forma decimal que tien un número
1.5, 2.75, 4.0
that has a finite number of digits finito de dígitos después del punto
after the decimal point. decimal.

theoretical probability (p. 720) probabilidad teórica Razón entre el In the experiment of rolling a
The ratio of the number of equally número de resultados igualmente number cube, the theoretical
likely outcomes in an event to probables de un suceso y el número probability of rolling an odd
the total number of possible total de resultados posibles. number is _36_ = __12 .
outcomes.

Glossary/Glosario S143

Glossary/Glosario A81
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
third quartile (p. 695) The median tercer cuartil La mediana de la
Lower half Upper half
of the upper half of a data set. mitad superior de un conjunto de
Also called upper quartile. datos. También se llama cuartil 18, 23, 28, 49, 36, 42
superior. Third quartile

tip (p. 134) An amount of money propina Cantidad que se agrega a una
added to a bill for service; usually factura por servicios; generalmente,
a percent of the bill. un porcentaje de la factura.

transformation (p. 357, p. S69) transformación Cambio en la

Ī
A change in the position, size, or posición, tamaño o forma de una *Àiˆ“>}i

shape of a figure or graph. figura o gráfica. “>}i

Ī

Ī
̱

ÊÊÊÊÊÊ̱
Ī Ī
ĪÊÊÊ

translation (p. 357, p. S69) A traslación Transformación en la Ī Ī

transformation that shifts or que todos los puntos de una figura
 
slides every point of a figure or o gráfica se mueven la misma
Ī Ī
graph the same distance in the distancia en la misma dirección.
 
same direction.

trapezoid (p. S63) A quadrilateral trapecio Cuadrilátero con sólo un

with exactly one pair of parallel par de lados paralelos.

sides.


tree diagram (p. 736) A branching diagrama de árbol Diagrama ( 4

diagram that shows all possible con ramificaciones que muestra
combinations or outcomes of an todas las combinaciones o
experiment. resultados posibles de un
experimento.            
The tree diagram shows the
possible outcomes when
tossing a coin and rolling a
number cube.

trend line (p. 265) A line on a línea de tendencia Línea en ՘`‡À>ˆÃiÀ

scatter plot that helps show the un diagrama de dispersión que £Óää
correlation between data sets sirve para mostrar la correlación
œ˜iÞÊÀ>ˆÃi`Ê­f®

£äää
more clearly. entre conjuntos de datos más nää
claramente. Èää
{ää

Óää

ä
xä £ää £xä Óää
,œÃÊ܏`Ê

trial (p. 713) In probability, a prueba En probabilidad, una In the experiment of rolling
single repetition or observation of sola repetición u observación a number cube, each roll is
an experiment. de un experimento. one trial.

triangle (p. 209) A three-sided triángulo Polígono de tres lados.

polygon.

S144 Glossary/Glosario

A82 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
triangular prism (p. 874) A prism prisma triangular Prisma cuyas
whose bases are triangles. bases son triángulos.
"ASES

triangular pyramid (p. 874) A pirámide triangular Pirámide cuya

pyramid whose base is a base es un triángulo.
triangle.

trigonometric ratio (p. 908) Ratio razón trigonométrica Razón entre

V
of the lengths of two sides of a dos lados de un triángulo rectángulo. >
right triangle.

L

sin A = _ b , tan A = _
a , cos A = _ a
c c b
trinomial (p. 477) A polynomial trinomio Polinomio con tres
4x 2 + 3xy - 5y 2
with three terms. términos.

U
union (p. 204) The union of two unión La unión de dos conjuntos es
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
sets is the set of all elements that el conjunto de todos los elementos
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
are in either set, denoted by . que se encuentran en ambos
A  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9}
conjuntos, expresado por .

unit rate (p. 114) A rate in which tasa unitaria Tasa en la que la
the second quantity in the segunda cantidad de la comparación 30 mi = 30 mi/h
_
1h
comparison is one unit. es una unidad.

unlike radicals (p. 811) Radicals radicales distintos Radicales con

with a different quantity under cantidades diferentes debajo del 2 √
2 and 2 √3
the radical. signo de radical.

unlike terms Terms with different términos distintos Términos con

variables or the same variables variables diferentes o las mismas
raised to different powers. variables elevadas a potencias 4xy 2 and 6x 2y
diferentes.

upper quartile See third quartile. cuartil superior Ver tercer cuartil.

V
value of a function (p. 247) valor de una función Resultado
The result of replacing the de reemplazar la variable The value of the function
independent variable with a independiente por un número y f (x) = x + 1 for x = 3 is 4.
number and simplifying. luego simplificar.

value of a variable (p. 7) A valor de una variable Número

number used to replace a variable utilizado para reemplazar una In the equation x + 1 = 4,
to make an equation true. variable y hacer que una the value of x is 3.
ecuación sea verdadera.

Glossary/Glosario S145

Glossary/Glosario A83
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
value of an expression (p. 7) The valor de una expresión Resultado
result of replacing the variables in de reemplazar las variables de una The value of the expression
an expression with numbers and expresión por un número y luego x + 1 for x = 3 is 4.
simplifying. simplificar.

variable (p. 6) A symbol used variable Símbolo utilizado para

to represent a quantity that can representar una cantidad que In the expression 2x + 3, x is
change. puede cambiar. the variable.

Venn diagram (p. S48) A diagram diagrama de Venn Diagrama

used to show relationships utilizado para mostrar la
between sets. relación entre conjuntos. À>˜`Ê
À>˜`Ê
œÌ…

iˆÌ…iÀ\Ê£x

vertex of a cone (p. S64) The vértice de un cono Punto opuesto 6iÀÌiÝ
point opposite the base of the a la base del cono.
cone.

vertex of a parabola (p. 592) The vértice de una parábola Punto más
highest or lowest point on the alto o más bajo de una parábola.
parabola.

­ä]ÊÓ®
The vertex is (0, -2).

vertex of an absolute-value vértice de una gráfica de valor Þ

{ ÞÊ
NÝN
graph (p. 366) The point on the absoluto Punto en el eje de simetría
axis of symmetry of the graph. de la gráfica. Ó
6iÀÌiÝ Ý
{ Ó ä Ó {

vertical angles (p. S57) The ángulos opuestos por el vértice

nonadjacent angles formed by Ángulos no adyacentes formados
Ó £
two intersecting lines. por dos líneas que se cruzan. Î {

∠1 and ∠3 are vertical angles.

∠2 and ∠4 are vertical angles.

vertical line (p. 312) A line whose línea vertical Línea cuya ecuación Þ
x
equation is x = a, where a is the es x = a, donde a es la intersección {
x-intercept. con el eje x. Î ÝÊÊÓ
Ó
£
Ý
x {ÎÓ £ £ Ó Î { x
£

S146 Glossary/Glosario

A84 Glossary/Glosario
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
Þ
vertical-line test (p. 243) A test prueba de la línea vertical Prueba x

used to determine whether a utilizada para determinar si una

relation is a function. If any relación es una función. Si una x x
Ý

vertical line crosses the graph of línea vertical corta la gráfica de una
a relation more than once, the relación más de una vez, la relación x

relation is not a function. no es una función.

Function Not a function
volume (p. S66) The number of volumen Cantidad de cubos
nonoverlapping unit cubes of a unitarios no superpuestos de un {ÊvÌ
given size that will exactly fill the determinado tamaño que llenan ÎÊvÌ
interior of a three-dimensional exactamente el interior de una £ÓÊvÌ
figure. figura tridimensional. Volume = (3)(4)(12) = 144 ft 3

W
whole number (p. 34) The set of número cabal Conjunto de los
natural numbers and zero. números naturales y cero. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …

X
x-axis (p. 54) The horizontal axis eje x Eje horizontal en un plano
in a coordinate plane. cartesiano.
݇>݈Ã

x-coordinate (p. 54) The first coordenada x Primer número de un {

Þ

number in an ordered pair, which par ordenado, que indica la distancia

Ó
indicates the horizontal distance horizontal de un punto desde el Ý
of a point from the origin on the origen en un plano cartesiano. { Ó ä Ó {
݇VœœÀ`ˆ˜>Ìi Ó
coordinate plane. *
­Ó]Êή {

x-intercept (p. 303) The intersección con el eje x {

Þ

x-coordinate(s) of the point(s) Coordenada(s) x de uno o más

where a graph intersects the puntos donde una gráfica corta el ­Ó]Êä®
Ý
x-axis. eje x. Ó ä {

Ó

The x-intercept is 2.

Y
އ>݈Ã
y-axis (p. 54) The vertical axis in a eje y Eje vertical en un plano
coordinate plane. cartesiano.

Glossary/Glosario S147

Glossary/Glosario A85
 ENGLISH SPANISH EXAMPLES
y-coordinate (p. 54) The second coordenada y Segundo número {
Þ

number in an ordered pair, which de un par ordenado, que indica la

Ó
indicates the vertical distance distancia vertical de un punto desde Ý
of a point from the origin on the el origen en un plano cartesiano. { Ó ä Ó {
އVœœÀ`ˆ˜>Ìi
Ó
coordinate plane. *
­Ó]Êή {

y-intercept (p. 303) The intersección con el eje y {

Þ

y-coordinate(s) of the point(s) Coordenada(s) y de uno o más ­ä]ÊÓ®

where a graph intersects the puntos donde una gráfica corta el

Ý
y-axis. eje y. Ó ä Ó

Ó

The y-intercept is 2.

Z
zero exponent (p. 446) For any exponente cero Dado un número
nonzero real number x, x 0 = 1. real distinto de cero x, x 0 = 1. 50 = 1

zero of a function (p. 599) For cero de una función Dada la función Ó

f, todo número x tal que f (x) = 0.

£
the function f, any number x such x { ÎÓ £ £ Ó Î { x
that f (x) = 0. ­Î]Êä® £
Ó
­£]Êä®
Î
{
x

The zeros are -3 and 1.

Zero Product Property (p. 630) For Propiedad del producto cero Dados If (x - 1)(x +2) = 0,
real numbers p and q, if pq = 0, los números reales p y q, si pq = 0, then x - 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0.
then p = 0 or q = 0. entonces p = 0 o q = 0. so x = 1 or x = -2.

S148 Glossary/Glosario

A86 Glossary/Glosario
 Algebra tiles, 76A, 76, 99, 382A, 389, 398, Diving, 24, 909
Index 476A, 482–483, 490–491, 524A, 530, 534,
538–539, 558A, 560, 622A, 644, 646, 649,
Earth Science, 88
Ecology, 267
878A, 892 Economics, 88, 96, 103, 177, 267, 317, 468,
A Algebraic expressions, 6, 7, 8, 10, 38–43,
72, 244
835
Education, 24, 184, 198
All of the Above, 842–843 Electricity, 604, 610, 855
Aaron, Hank, 42
Alternate Assessment Employment, 142
Absolute error, S55 Engineering, 177, 604
Alternate Assessment appears in every
Absolute value, 14, 148 Entertainment, 23, 30, 37, 111, 119, 131,
lesson. Some examples: 11, 19, 25, 31, 37
equations, 148–149 192, 199, 276, 300, 361, 388, 410, 455,
functions, 366–367 Altitude sickness, 346
506, 640, 692, 732, 749, 883
inequalities, 212–214 Amusement Parks, 809
Environment, 330
Accuracy, S54 AND, 203–205, 208, 212–214, 421
Environmental Science, 118, 306, 324
Acute angles, S56 Angle(s), S56 Farming, 425
Acute triangles, S59 acute, S56 Finance, 80, 88, 109, 118, 133, 137, 395,
central, 681 535, 782, 795, 835, 864
Addition
classifying, S56 Fitness, 79, 339, 387, 814, 890
Associative Property of, 48, 51, 485
complementary, S57 Fund-raising, 265
Commutative Property of, 48, 51, 485
corresponding, 121 Games, 633
of decimals, Z12–Z13
naming, S56 Gardening, 118, 190, 553
of fractions, Z30–Z31
obtuse, S56 Gemology, 861
with like denominators, Z30–Z31
right, S56 Geography, 19, 464, 472
with unlike denominators, Z30–Z31
straight, S56 Geology, 80, 81, 410, 802
of polynomials, 484–486
supplementary, S57 Geometry, 10, 30, 36, 43, 44, 45, 50, 57, 81,
modeling, 482–483
using a protractor to measure, S56 88, 96, 104, 109, 120, 183, 192, 197, 199,
properties of, 46
vertical, S57 240, 302, 350, 351, 353, 354, 355, 395,
of radical expressions, 811–813
of rational expressions, 885–888 Anglerfish, 81 402, 419, 464, 465, 473, 479, 480, 487,
with like denominators, 885 Animals, 184 488, 489, 497, 498, 499, 505, 509, 514,
with unlike denominators, 887 Animals Link, 184 529, 536, 537, 545, 552, 553, 563, 571,
of real numbers, 14–17 Annulus, 537 626, 634, 635, 639, 640, 641, 648, 649,
solving equations by, 77–79 Answers, choosing combinations of, 916–917 651, 725, 733, 770, 801, 812, 813, 814,
solving inequalities by, 174–177 Applications 815, 819, 820, 821, 825, 826, 827, 835,
Addition Property of Equality, 78, 79, 82, Agriculture, 659 871, 872, 898, 899
86 Amusement Parks, 809 Health, 177, 178, 240, 455
Addition Property of Inequality, 174 Animals, 184 Hiking, 748
Additive inverses, 15 Aquatics, 624 History, 97, 707, 741
Archaeology, 118, 786 Hobbies, 124, 362, 419, 649, 657
Agriculture, 659
Archery, 604 Home Economics, 856
Air Force Academy, 425
Architecture, 602, 810 Landscaping, 387
Air Force One, 250 Law Enforcement, 801
Art, 30, 545
Albers, Josef, 30 Logic, 707
Astronomy, 10, 330, 454, 455, 461, 465,
Algebra Lab, see also Technology Lab 472, 802 Manufacturing, 118, 150, 447
Compound Events, 734–735 Athletics, 277, 409, 626 Marine Biology, 596
Explore the Axis of Symmetry, 598 Automobiles, 691 Math History, 251, 506, 570, 810
Explore Changes in Population, 144–145 Aviation, 86, 395, 908 Measurement, 122, 301, 345, 456, 562, 770
Explore Constant Changes, 318–319 Basketball, 733 Mechanics, 855, 857
Explore Properties of Exponents, 458–459 Biology, 16, 29, 89, 97, 105, 118, 131, 206, Medicine, 449, 481
Model Completing the Square, 644 306, 307, 449, 450, 455, 465, 626, 690, Meteorology, 10, 17, 110, 206, 207, 827
Model Equations with Variables on Both 869, 871 Military, 425
Sides, 99 Business, 18, 58, 98, 133, 136, 191, 195, Money, 394
Model Factoring, 530 360, 402, 408, 419, 423, 424, 486, 698, Music, 206, 496, 528, 853
Model Factorization of Trinomials, 538–539 793, 863 Navigation, 909
Model Growth and Decay, 780 Camping, 183 Number Sense, 528, 529
Model Inverse Variation, 850 Carpentry, 514 Number Theory, 37, 276, 634, 640
Model One-Step Equations, 76 Chemistry, 117, 132, 202, 207, 402, 456, Nutrition, 87, 88, 130, 142, 240
Model Polynomial Addition and Subtraction, 472, 691 Oceanography, 256
482–483 City Planning, 562 Personal Finance, 307, 531, 788
Model Polynomial Division, 892 Communication, 150, 191, 456, 857 Pet Care, 795
Model Polynomial Multiplication, 490–491 Construction, 109, 151, 316, 546, 870, 909 Photography, 487, 497
Model Systems of Linear Equations, 389 Consumer application, 102, 182, 240, 310, Physical Science, 302, 465, 769
Model Variable Relationships, 244 337, 638 Physics, 478, 535, 553, 569, 616, 618, 634,
Simulations, 712 Consumer Economics, 88, 96, 103, 177, 393, 640, 655, 776, 820, 827, 854
Truth Tables and Compound Statements, 201 394, 400, 401, 416, 793, 835 Population, 120
Vertical-Line Test, 243 Contests, 777 Probability, 881, 882
Data Collection, 234, 316, 617 Problem-Solving, 28, 33, 94, 175–176, 255,
Decorating, 119 343–344, 385, 503–504, 559–560, 607–
Design, 31 608, 647–648, 729, 791–792, 901–902

Teacher’s Edition Index A87

 Quality Control, 715 Multi-Step Test Prep, 38, 60, 112, 146, 186, Axis of symmetry, 366
Real Estate, 125 210, 260, 278, 332, 364, 412, 428, 474, of an absolute-value graph, 366
Recreation, 22, 87, 151, 198, 234, 240, 276, 508, 556, 572, 620, 660, 710, 744, 796, of a parabola, 600
317, 394, 425, 808, 888 830, 876, 906 exploring, 598
Recycling, 8 Multi-Step Test Prep questions are also finding
Remodeling, 545 found in every exercise set. Some by using the formula, 601
School, 81, 197, 362, 386, 419, 731 examples are: 10, 18, 24, 30, 36 by using zeros, 600
Science, 118, 346, 464, 532 Ready to Go On?, 39, 61, 113, 147, 187, through vertex of a parabola, 598
Shipping, 275 211, 261, 279, 333, 365, 413, 429, 475,
Solar Energy, 898 509, 557, 573, 621, 661, 711, 745, 797,
Space Shuttle, 150
Sports, 42, 44, 50, 104, 107, 110, 119, 151,
831, 877, 907
Standardized Test Prep, 70–71, 160–161,
B
170, 176, 178, 207, 234, 306, 410, 471, 224–225, 288–289, 376–377, 438–439,
498, 509, 596, 625, 632, 658, 690, 696, 518–519, 582–583, 670–671, 758–759, Babylonian number system, 446
697, 698, 716, 717, 768, 769, 776, 807 844–845, 918–919 Back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot, 687
Statistics, 82, 88, 455, 775 Study Guide: Preview, 4, 74, 166, 228, 294, Bald eagles, 871
Technology, 29, 136, 457, 514, 526, 742, 380, 444, 522, 588, 674, 764, 848 Bamboo, 307
749, 777 Study Guide: Review, 62–65, 152–155, Bar graphs, 676–677, 678
Temperature, 151 216–219, 280–283, 368–371, 430–433, Bases of geometric figures
Transportation, 96, 118, 177, 207, 250, 257, 510–513, 574–577, 662–665, 750–753, of a cone, S64
267, 300, 301, 331, 480, 827 836–839, 910–913 of a cylinder, S64
Travel, 18, 36, 90, 104, 183, 274, 275, 304, Test Prep of a polyhedron, S64
315, 610, 855, 889, 890, 904 Test Prep questions are found in every Bases of numbers, Z20, 26
Wages, 301, 329 exercise set. Some examples: 11, 19,
Basketball, 733
Waterfalls, 625 25, 31, 37
Weather, 23, 690, 691, 697 Bermuda, 472
Test Tackler
Winter Sports, 856 Any Question Type Bias, sampling and, 708–709, S73
Approximating solutions, 91, 637–638 Read the Problem for Biased samples, 709
Aquatics, 624 Understanding, 436–437 Binomial(s), 477
Archaeology, 118, 786 Spatial Reasoning, 756–757 division of polynomials by, using long
Translate Words to Math, 580–581 division for, 894–895
Archery, 604
Use a Diagram, 516–517 opposite, 534, 868
Architecture, 602, 810 special products of, 501–505
Extended Response
Are You Ready?, 3, 73, 165, 227, 293, 379, Biology, 16, 29, 89, 97, 105, 118, 131,206,
Explain Your Reasoning, 668–669
443, 521, 587, 673, 763, 847 306, 307, 449, 450, 455, 465, 626, 690, 869,
Understand the Scores, 286–287
Area Gridded Response 871
of a circle, Z4 Fill in Answer Grids Correctly, 68–69 Biology Link, 105, 307, 450, 626, 871
of composite figures, 83 Multiple Choice Blood loss, 450
in the coordinate plane, 309 Choose Combinations of Answers,
estimating, S61 Box-and-whisker plot, 695
916–917 Boyle’s law, 854
of a parallelogram, S61 Eliminate Answer Choices, 158–159
of a rectangle, Z4, 83, S61 Braces, 40
None of the Above or All of the Above,
of a square, Z4, 83, S61 Brackets, 40
842–843
surface, see Surface area Recognize Distracters, 374–375 Business, 18, 58, 98, 133, 136, 191, 195, 360,
of a trapezoid, S61 Short Response 402, 408, 419, 423, 424, 486, 698, 793, 863
of a triangle, Z4, 83, S61 Understand Short Response Scores,
Arguments, writing convincing, 381 222–223
Arithmetic sequences, 272–274
finding the nth term of, 273
Assignment Guide C
Assignment Guide appears in every lesson.
Art, 30, 545 Some examples: 9, 17, 23, 29, 35 Calculator, 442, 447, 455, 812, 833, 908,
Art Link, 30, 545 Associative Properties of Addition and see also Graphing calculator
Assessment Multiplication, 46, 48, 51, 485, S78 Camping, 183
Chapter Test, 66, 156, 220, 284, 372, 434, Astronomy, 10, 330, 454, 455, 461, 465, 472, Career Path
514, 578, 666, 754, 840, 914 802 Applied Sciences major, 388
College Entrance Exam Practice Astronomy Link, 10, 330 Biology major, 106
ACT, 157, 285, 435, 579 Asymptote(s), 858 Biostatistics major, 743
SAT, 67, 373, 515 graphing rational functions using, 860 Culinary Arts program, 200
SAT Mathematics Subject Tests, 667, 755, identifying, 859 Data mining major, 347
841, 915 Environmental Sciences major, 547
Athletics, 277, 409, 626
SAT Student-Produced Responses, 221
Atoms, 456 Carpentry, 514
Cumulative Assessment, 70–71, 160–161,
224–225, 288–289, 376–377, 438–439, Automobiles, 691 Cartesian plane, 58
518–519, 582–583, 670–671, 758–759, Automobiles Link, 691 Caution!, 27, 48, 86, 133, 182, 213, 214, 297,
844–845, 918–919 Aviation, 86, 395, 908 304, 310, 311, 392, 407, 423, 447, 463, 532,
Axes, 54 551, 566, 590, 593, 601, 616, 720, 768, 775,
807, 867, 886
Center of dilation, S70
Centimeter cubes, 262A, 263

A88 Teacher’s Edition Index

Central angles, 681 Common Error Alert, 15, 21, 25, 27, 31, 37, tell, 36, 49, 87, 90, 103, 234, 325, 417, 454,
Central tendency, measure of, 694, S72 41, 51, 59, 78, 85, 93, 95, 101, 105, 111, 596, 605, 616, 648, 717, 723, 776, 813,
Challenge 115, 123, 129, 143, 149, 151, 169, 175, 181, 828, 862
Reduced Challenge pages appear in every 189, 203, 213, 237, 247, 255, 273, 299, 307, write, 8, 9, 98, 105, 130, 308, 339, 387, 498,
lesson. Some examples: 11, 19, 25, 31, 37 313, 321, 327, 343, 351, 359, 367, 385, 387, 553, 564, 571, 597, 635, 770, 785, 809,
Change(s) 391, 393, 399, 405, 407, 425, 447, 453, 463, 865, 869, 891
constant, exploring, 318–319 469, 477, 485, 493, 503, 525, 533, 543, 545, Write About It
percent, 138 551, 559, 567, 591, 593, 607, 615, 623, 631, Write About It questions are found in
in population, exploring, 144–145 637, 647, 653, 655, 681, 691, 695, 705, 715, every exercise set. Some examples: 9,
rate of, see Rate of change 721, 729, 731, 737, 739, 749, 767, 773, 775, 19, 24, 29, 31
Changing dimensions, 53, 123, 779 783, 799, 807, 815, 817, 823, 827, 835, 853, Communication, 150, 191, 456, 857
859, 867, 879, 887, 895, 901, 909 Commutative Properties of Addition
Chapter Projects, see Projects
Common ratio, 766 and Multiplication, 46, 48, 51, 485, 568,
Chapter Test, 66, 156, 220, 284, 372, 434,
514, 578, 666, 754, 840, 914, see also Communicating math 817, S78
Assessment choose, 547, 657 Compare rational numbers, S50
compare, 11, 141, 170, 182, 199, 234, 411, Compatible numbers, Z10, 46
Charts, reading and interpreting, 675
471, 496, 650, 651, 787, 800, 826, 834, Complement of an event, 721
Cheetahs, 105
899 Complementary angles, S57
Chemistry, 117, 132, 202, 207, 402, 456, 472, construct, 706
691 Completing the square, 645–648, 857
create, 240, 241, 301, 692
Chemistry Link, 207, 456 modeling, 644
define, 527
Ch’in Chiu-Shao, 402 procedure for, 645
describe, 19, 31, 50, 56, 79, 82, 89, 129, 131,
Choosing solving quadratic equations by, 646, 656
142, 190, 193, 205, 215, 234, 238, 241,
combinations of answers, 916–917 257, 268, 301, 316, 323, 324, 339, 352, Complex fractions, 884
factoring methods, 566–568 360, 362, 363, 409, 410, 419, 486, 526, Composite figures, 83
models 536, 562, 603, 605, 616, 618, 624, 639, areas of, 83
graphing data for, 789–790 640, 649, 657, 683, 685, 697, 784, 794, Composite numbers, Z17–Z18
using patterns for, 790 802, 820, 855, 864, 898 Compound events, 734–735, 737
Circle(s), Z3, S62 determine, 25, 411, 641, 856 Compound inequalities, 202–205
area of, Z4, S62 explain, 8, 17, 19, 22, 24, 30, 42, 43, 44, Compound interest, 782
center of a, S62 45, 50, 57, 80, 82, 88, 95, 104, 105, 109, Compound statements, 201
circumference of, Z3, S62 110, 117, 119, 125, 129, 131, 135, 136, Computer-animated films, 749
diameter of, S62 151, 172, 173, 177, 178, 183, 184, 197, Conclusion, S76
radius of, S62 199, 200, 207, 208, 215, 232, 238, 240,
Conditional statements, S76
Circle graphs, 676–677, 680 242, 248, 250, 256, 257, 267, 268, 274,
Cones, 874, S64
Circumference, Z3 275, 276, 302, 317, 324, 330, 331, 339,
surface area of, 500, S67
City Planning, 562 346, 354, 355, 360, 385, 386, 388, 395,
volume of, 500, S66
Classic problems, solving, 404–405 401, 402, 403, 410, 411, 417, 420, 425,
426, 450, 455, 456, 457, 463, 465, 472, Congruence, S59
Close Congruence statements, S59
478, 480, 481, 488, 498, 506, 507, 527,
Close appears in every lesson. Some Conjecture, S76
528, 534, 536, 537, 543, 545, 553, 554,
examples: 8, 16, 22, 28, 34 making a, 318, 319, 356, 612, 628, 644, 804,
563, 570, 571, 609, 610, 611, 617, 618,
Closure, 37, S78 626, 633, 634, 639, 640, 650, 658, 659, 850, 873
Cluster, data, S71 684, 685, 686, 689, 691, 692, 696, 698, Conjugates, 503, 821
Clustering, Z10 704, 705, 706, 715, 724, 725, 731, 732, rationalizing denominators using, 821
Coefficients, 48 739, 741, 742, 748, 770, 771, 784, 785, Connecting Algebra
leading, of polynomials, 477 794, 801, 802, 809, 814, 818, 828, 834, to Data Analysis, 271, 676–677, 708–709
opposite, 397 856, 864, 872, 881, 883, 888, 890, 898, to Geometry, 52–53, 83, 209, 309, 500,
College Entrance Exam Practice, 903, 905 642–643, 779, 874
see also Assessment express, 28 to Number Theory, 404–405, 565
ACT, 157, 285, 435, 579 find, 106, 529, 546, 547, 554, 510, 617, 634, Consistent systems, 406
SAT, 67, 373, 515 640, 641, 898 Constant, 6
SAT Mathematics Subject Tests, 667, 755, give (an) example(s), 29, 56, 119, 185, 232, of variation, 326, 851
841, 915 242, 250, 480, 499, 507, 568, 618, 686, Constant changes, exploring, 318–319
SAT Student-Produced Responses, 221 703, 715, 730, 803, 813, 814, 834, 872 Construction, 109, 151, 316, 546, 870, 909
Colored counters, 524A, 526 identify, 35, 486, 785, 864, 871
Consumer application, 102, 182, 240, 310,
Colored pencils, 76A, 78, 101, 114A, 414A, list, 425, 699, 856
337, 638
422 make, 640, 691, 705, 829
name, 123, 173, 248, 305, 419, 682, 854 Consumer Economics, 88, 96, 103, 177, 267,
Combinations 317, 393, 394, 400, 401, 416, 468, 793, 835
of answers, choosing, 916–917 Reading and Writing Math, 5, 75, 167,
229, 295, 381, 445, 523, 589, 675, 765, Contact lenses, 178
defined, 737
849, see also Reading Strategies; Study Contests, 777
and permutations, 736–739
Strategies; Writing Strategies Continuous graphs, 231
Combining like radicals, 811
show, 80, 81, 82, 88, 89, 97, 104, 118, 120, Contradictions
Combining like terms, 48
136, 142, 177, 178, 185, 355, 536, 546, equations as, 101
Commission, 133
553, 570, 596, 742, 808 inequalities as, 196
Common difference, 272
Convenience sample, 709
Common denominator, Z28–Z29

Teacher’s Edition Index A89

 Conversion factors, 115, 589 writing as percents, Z27 of signed numbers, 20
Converting between probabilities and writing fractions as, Z25–Z27 solving equations by, 84–87
odds, 722 writing percents as, Z27 solving inequalities by, 180–182
Convincing arguments/explanations, Decorating, 119 by zero, 21
writing, 381 Deductive reasoning, S77 Division properties of exponents,
Coordinate plane, Z7, 54 Degrees 467–471
area in the, 309 of monomials, 476 Division Property of Equality, 86, 90
distance in the, 642–643, 802 of polynomials, 476 Division Property of Inequality, 180, 181
reflections in the, S69 Denominators Domain, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242,
rotations in the, S69 like, see Like denominators 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 259,
transformations in the, S69 rationalizing, 818 260, 261, 815, 857
translations in the, S69 using conjugates, 821 of absolute-value functions, 366–367
Countdown to Testing, T4–T27 unlike, see Unlike denominators of linear functions, 299
Correlation, 262 Dependent events, 726–730 of quadratic functions, 593
Corresponding angles, 121, S63 probability of, 729 reasonable, 248, 249, 250, 251, 255, 261,
Corresponding sides, 121, S63 Dependent systems, 407 283, 284, 299, 304, 596, 853, 856, 861,
Cosine, 908 Dependent variables, 246, 247, 248, 249, 863, 864
250 of square-root functions, 799–800
Counterexamples, S76
Descartes, Rene, 58 Double-bar graphs, 679
Crash test dummies, 480
Design, 31 Double-line graphs, 680
Create a table to evaluate expressions,
12–13 Devon Island, 10 Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), 17
Critical Thinking Diagrams Draw a diagram, S40
Critical Thinking questions are found in ladder, 524 Drawing three-dimensional figures, S65
every exercise set. Some examples: 11, 18, reading and interpreting, 675 Drum Corps International, 528
23, 24, 30 tree, Z5, 736 DSP, see Digital signal processing
Cross products, 115 using, 516–517
solving rational equations by using, 900 Venn, S48
Cross Products Property, 115
Cube(s) (geometric figure)
Diameter, S62
Diepolder Cave, 24
E
surface area of, S67 Difference(s)
Eagles, 871
volume of, 779, S66 first, 590
of cubes, 564 Earned run average (ERA), 110
Cubes, difference of, 564
second, 590 Earth, 88, 254
Cubic functions, S75
of two squares, 503, 560 Earth Science, 88
solving related equations, S75
Digital signal processing (DSP), 399 Ecology, 267
Cubic polynomials, 477
Dilations, S70 Ecology Link, 267
Cumulative Assessment, see Assessment
Dimensions, changing, 53, 123, 779 Economics, 88, 96, 103, 177, 267, 317, 393,
Cumulative frequency, 689
Direct variation, 326–329 394, 400, 401, 416, 468, 793, 835
Cylinders, 874, S64
DISC method, 169 Edges of a polyhedron, S64
surface area of, 500, S67
volume of, 500, S66 Discontinuous functions, 858 Education, 24, 184, 198
Discount, 139 Egyptian pyramids, 6
Discrete graphs, 231 Electricity Link, 820
D Discriminant, 654
Quadratic Formula and, 652–657
Element of a set, S78
Elimination, 397
Displaying data, 678–682 solving systems of linear equations by,
da Vinci, Leonardo, 604 397–401
Distance Formula, 440, 642–643, 802
Data Ellipsis, 272
displaying, 678–682 Distracters, recognizing, 374–375
Distributions, data, 694–696 Employment, 142
graphing, to choose a model, 789–790 Empty set, 102, S78
organizing, 678–682 Distributive Property, 47, 48, 67, 93, 101,
115, 273, 391, 392, 396, 531, 532, 541, 570, as solution set, 102
Data analysis Engineering, 177, 604, 610, 855
Connecting Algebra to, 271, 676–677, 747, 815, 895, S78
Diving, 24, 909 Engineering Link, 604
708–709
Diving Link, 24 English Language Learners, 7, 15, 21, 27,
Data Collection, 234, 316, 617
Divisibility rules, Z17 33, 41, 47, 55, 75, 78, 85, 93, 101, 103, 115,
Data distributions, 694–696 122, 128, 134, 139, 163, 169, 177, 181, 189,
Death Valley National Park, 18 Division
192, 204, 229, 245, 247, 273, 274, 297, 304,
Decay of decimals, Z14–Z16
313, 336, 395, 398, 445, 447, 462, 469, 485,
exponential, see Exponential decay of fractions, Z32–Z33
493, 502, 523, 585, 589, 592, 631, 637, 646,
modeling, 780 long, see Long division
649, 653, 704, 761, 773, 782, 791, 806, 817,
Decimals of polynomials, 893–897
818, 825, 852, 853, 859, 879, 920
addition of, Z12–Z13 by binomials, using long division for,
division of, Z14–Z16 894–895
multiplication of, Z14–Z16 modeling, 892
repeating, Z25, 34 of radical expressions, 816–818
subtraction of, Z12–Z13 of rational expressions, 878–881
terminating, Z25, 34 of real numbers, 20–22

A90 Teacher’s Edition Index

Entertainment, 23, 30, 37, 111, 119, 131, independent, see Independent events Solving Absolute-Value Inequalities, 212–
192, 199, 276, 300, 361, 388, 410, 455, 506, mutually exclusive, 734 214
640, 692, 732, 749, 883 simple, 737 Trigonometric Ratios, 908–909
Entry of matrix, 746–747 Exam, final, preparing for your, 849 Extra Practice, S4–S39
Environment, 330 Expanded form of a number, S50 Extraneous solutions, 824–825, 902
Environmental Science, 118, 306, 324 Excluded values, 848, 858
Equality Experiment, 713
Power Property of, 822
properties of, 78, 79, 82, 86, 90
Experimental probability, 713–715
defined, 714
F
Equally likely, 720 Explanations Faces of a polyhedron, S64
Equation(s) convincing, writing, 381
Factor(s), Z17, 524–525
defined, 77 for your reasoning in extended responses,
finding slope from, 322 668–669 Factor tree, Z19, 524
linear, see Linear equations Exploration Factorial, 738
literal, 108 Reduced Exploration pages appear in every Factoring
model lesson. Some examples: 6, 14, 20, 26, 32 ax 2 + bx + c, 548–551
one-step, 76 composite numbers, Z19–Z20
Exploring
with variables on both sides, 99 by greatest common factor, 531–534
axis of symmetry of a parabola, 598
quadratic, see Quadratic equations by grouping, 533–534
changes in population, 144–145
radical, see Radical equations modeling, 530
constant changes, 318–319
rational, see Rational equations with opposites, 534
properties of exponents, 458–459
solutions of, 77 polynomials, 531–571
roots, zeros, and x-intercepts, 628–629
solving methods for, 568
Exponent(s), Z20, 26
absolute-value, 148–149 solving quadratic equations by,
division properties of, 467–471
by addition, 77–79 630–633, 656
integer, see Integer exponents
by division, 84–87 special products, 558–561
multiplication properties of, 460–463
by graphing, 91 trinomials, 866
negative, 446
multi-step, 92–95 x 2 + bx + c, 540–543
powers and, 26–28
by multiplication, 84–87 Factoring methods, choosing, 566–568
properties of
by subtraction, 77–79 exploring, 458–459 Factorization
two-step, 92–95 using patterns to find, 458–459 prime, Z19–Z20, 524
with variables on both sides, 100–103 rational, 832–834 writing with exponents, Z20
systems of, see Systems of linear equations reading, 27 of trinomials, modeling, 538–539
Equilateral triangles, S59 writing prime factorizations with, Z20 Fair, 720
Equivalent fractions, Z23–Z24 zero, 446 Families of functions, 357, 612, 862
writing, with least common denominator, Exponential decay, 781–784 of linear functions, 356, 862
Z29 defined, 783 of quadratic functions, 612, 862
Equivalent ratios, 114 Exponential expressions, simplifying, 460 of rational functions, 862
Equivalents, common, 127 of square-root functions, 862
Exponential functions, 772–775, 796
Error Analysis, 18, 58, 80, 88, 119, 136, 151, general form of, 791 Farming, 425
172, 184, 199, 215, 241, 250, 257, 268, 324, graphs of, 775 Fibonacci sequence, 276
339, 346, 402, 411, 420, 425, 450, 465, 481, Exponential growth, 781–784 Field properties, S78
488, 506, 537, 553, 563, 570, 610, 634, 640, Exponential models, 789–792 Figure(s)
650, 691, 706, 724, 786, 794, 814, 828, 864, Expression(s) reading and interpreting, 675
883, 890, 898 algebraic, 6 solid, representing, 874
Escape velocity, 802 create a table to evaluate, 12–13 Final exam, preparing for your, 849
Estimating, Z9–Z11 exponential, simplifying, 460 Finance, 80, 88, 109, 118, 133, 137, 395, 535,
by clustering, Z10 numerical, 6 782, 795, 835, 864
irrational numbers, 33 radical, see Radical expressions Find a pattern, S44
overestimates, Z10 rational, see Rational expressions Finding the nth term of an arithmetic
solutions using the Quadratic Formula, 653 simplifying, 46–49 sequence, 273
underestimates, Z10 square-root, see Square-root expressions Finding the nth term of a geometric
using compatible numbers, Z10 variables and, 6–8 sequence, 767
with percents, 134 Extended Response, 71, 161, 225, 242, First coordinates, 236
Estimation, 30, 50, 110, 130, 142, 178, 185, 286–287, 289, 302, 377, 436, 437, 439, 489, First differences, 590
250, 258, 268, 307, 316, 354, 396, 426, 465, 519, 529, 583, 659, 668–669, 671, 759, 845, First quartile values, 695
499, 545, 570, 596, 640, 697, 717, 787, 802, 891, 919
828, 856, 898 Fitness, 79, 339, 387, 814, 890
Explain Your Reasoning, 668–669
Euclid, 531 FOIL face, 493
Understand the Scores, 286–287
FOIL method, 493, 502, 540, 541, 558, 817,
Evaluating Extension, see also Intervention
expressions, 7 884
Absolute-Value Functions, 366–367
functions, 247 Matrices, 746–747 Formula(s), 107
Event(s), 713 Rational Exponents, 832–834 area, 83
compound, 734–735, 737 Solving Absolute-Value Equations, 148–149 axis of symmetry of a parabola, 601
dependent, see Dependent events combinations, 739
inclusive, 734 compound interest, 782
distance, 642–643

Teacher’s Edition Index A91

 experimental probability, 714 composite figures, 83
exponential decay, 783 G areas of, 83
exponential growth, 781 cones, 874, S64
half-life, 783 Galilei, Galileo, 251 surface area of, 500, S67
Heron’s, 810 Gallium, 207 volume of, 500, S66
geometry, Z3–Z4 congruence, S59
Games, 633
Midpoint, S68 congruence statements, S59
nth term of an arithmetic sequence, 273 Gap (in data), S71
Connecting Algebra to, 52–53, 83, 209, 309,
nth term of a geometric sequence, 767 Gardening, 118, 190, 553 500, 642–643, 779, 874
permutations, 738 GCF, see Greatest common factor coordinate plane, Z7, 54
probability of dependent events, 729 Gemology, 861 area in the, 309
probability of independent events, 727 General forms of functions, 791 distance in the, 642–643, 802
Quadratic, 652 Geodes, 410 reflections in the, S69
remembering, 765 Geography, 19, 464, 472 rotations in the, S69
simple interest, 133 Geology, 80, 81, 410, 802 transformations in the, S69
slope, 320 Geology Link, 81, 410, 802 translations in the, S69
solving for a variable, 108 corresponding angles, 121, S63
Geometric models
theoretical probability, 720 corresponding sides, 121, S63
of powers, 26
Foundation plan, 875 of special products, 501, 503 cosine, 908
Fractals, 770, 865 cube(s)
Geometric patterns, S58
Fraction(s) surface area of, S67
Geometric probability, 890 volume of, 779, S66
addition of, Z30–Z31
Geometric sequences, 766–768 cylinders, 874, S64
complex, 884
as functions, 767 surface area of, 500, S67
division of, Z32–Z33
finding the nth term of, 767 volume of, 500, S66
equivalent, see Equivalent fractions
Geometry, see also Applications diameter, S62
multiplication of, Z32–Z33
acute angles, S56 dilations, S70
simplest form, Z23
acute triangles, S59 dimensions, changing, 53, 123, 779
subtraction of, Z30–Z31
angle(s), S56 drawing three-dimensional figures, S65
writing as decimals, Z25–Z27
acute, S56 edges of a polyhedron, S64
France, 706
central, 681 equilateral triangles, S59
Frequency, 688, S71 classifying, S56
cumulative, 689 faces of a polyhedron, S64
complementary, S57 formulas, Z3–Z4
line plots and, S71 corresponding, 121
histograms and, 687–689 foundation plan, 875
naming, S56 fractals, 770, 865
Frequency table, 688 obtuse, S56 geometric models
Function(s) right, S56 of powers, 26
absolute-value, see Absolute-value functions straight, S56 of special products, 501, 503
defined, 237 supplementary, S57 geometric patterns, S58
discontinuous, 858 using a protractor to measure, S56 geometric probability, 890
evaluating, 247 vertical, S57 half-plane, 414
exponential, see Exponential functions annulus, 537 Heron’s formula, 810
families of, 357, 612, 862 area indirect measurement, 122
general forms of, 791 of a circle, Z4 isosceles trapezoids, S59
geometric sequences as, 767 of composite figures, 83 isosceles triangles, S59
graphing, 252–256 in the coordinate plane, 309 kites, S59
introduction to, 54–56 estimating, S61 nets, 874, S67
linear, see Linear functions of a parallelogram, S61 using to estimate surface area, S67
parent, see Parent functions of a rectangle, Z4, 83, S61 obtuse angles, S56
quadratic, see Quadratic functions of a square, Z4, 83, S61 obtuse triangles, S59
radical, see Radical functions surface, see Surface area parallel lines, S56
rational, see Rational functions of a trapezoid, S61 slopes of, 349–352
relations and, 236–238 of a triangle, Z4, 83, S61 parallelograms, S59
square-root, see Square-root functions base area, S61
writing, 245–248 of a cone, S64 perimeter, Z3, 52–53, S60
zeros of, 599 of a cylinder, S64 estimating, S60
Function notation, 246 of a polyhedron, S64 of polygons, 52
Function rules, 246 center of dilation, S70 of a rectangle, Z3, S60
connecting to tables and graphs, 259 central angles, 681 of a square, Z3, S60
Function table, 55–56, 259 changing dimensions, 53, 123, 779 perpendicular lines, S56
Fund-raising, 265 circle(s), Z3, S62 slopes of, 349–352
Fundamental Counting Principle, 736, 737 area of, Z4, S62 pi, Z3, S62
center of a, S62 plane(s), S56
circumference of, Z3, S62 Cartesian, 58
diameter of, S62 coordinate, Z7, 54
radius of, S62 naming, S56
complementary angles, S57 polygons, 52–53, S58
regular, S58

A92 Teacher’s Edition Index

polyhedrons, S64 isosceles, S63 Graphing Calculator, 6A, 12–13, 76A, 91,
bases, S64 obtuse, S63 230A, 243, 254, 259, 262A, 270, 292, 296A,
edges, S64 right, S63 298, 334A, 348, 349, 352, 356, 382A, 384,
vertices, S64 scalene, S63 392, 414A, 416, 427, 446A, 524A, 555, 586,
prisms, 874, S64 Triangle Inequality, 209 590A, 592, 612, 614, 616, 618, 622A, 623,
surface area of, 500, S67 trigonometric ratios, 908–909 628–629, 646, 648, 676A, 695, 700–701,
volume of, 500, 779, S66 vertex 712A, 719, 738, 762, 766A, 798A, 804, 823,
pyramids, 874, S64 of a cone, S64 850A, 860, 873, 878A
surface area of, 500, S67 of a polyhedron, S64 Greatest common factor (GCF), Z21–Z22,
volume of, 500, 779, S66 vertical angles, S57 525–526
Pythagorean Theorem, 641, 643, 807, S68 volume, 500, S66 factoring by, 531–534
quadrilaterals, S63 estimating, S66 using, to write fractions in simplest form,
classifying, S63 of a cone, 500, S66 Z24
radius, S62 of a cube, 779, S66 using prime factorization to find, Z21
rays, S56 of a cylinder, 500, S66 Grid paper, 850A, 850, 878A, 894
naming, S56 of a prism, 500, 779, S66 Gridded Response, 45, 68–69, 71, 98, 105,
rectangle(s), S59 of a pyramid, 500, 779, S66 126, 143, 161, 193, 225, 251, 289, 306, 325,
area of, Z4, 83, S61 Geometry Link, 770 331, 340, 355, 377, 387, 437, 439, 451, 519,
perimeter of, Z3, S60 Get Organized, see Graphic organizers 564, 581, 583, 605, 619, 671, 759, 803, 845,
reflections, 359, S69 go.hrw.com, see Online Resources 857, 872, 919
in the coordinate plane, S69 Googol, 26 Fill in Answer Grids Correctly, 68–69
of linear functions, 359
Graph(s) Griffith-Joyner, Florence, 119
regular polygons, S58
bar, 676–677, 678 Grouping, factoring by, 533–534
rhombus, S59
circle, 676–677, 680 Grouping symbols, 40, 41
right angles, S56
comparing, of quadratic functions, 615 Growth
right triangles, S59
connecting to function rules and tables, 259 exponential, see Exponential growth
rotations, 358, S69
continuous, 231 modeling, 780
in the coordinate plane, S69
discrete, 231 Guess and test, S42
of linear functions, 358
double-bar, 679 Guided Instruction
scale, 116
double-line, 680 Guided Instruction appears in every lesson.
scale drawing, 116
of exponential functions, 775 Some examples: 7, 15, 21, 27, 33
scale factor, 123
finding slope from, 321
of a dilation, S70
finding zeros of quadratic functions from,
scale model, 116
599
scalene triangles, S59
sectors, 680
identifying linear functions by, 296 H
line, 679–682
similar figures, 121
misleading, 702–703 Half-life, 783
sine, 908
reading and interpreting, 675 Half-plane, 414
square(s), Z3, S59
of square-root functions, translations of, 799 Hamm, Paul, 44
area of, Z4, 83, S61
using, to factor polynomials, 555
perimeter of, Z3, S60 Handball team, 498
using technology to make, 700–701
straight angles, S56 Health, 177, 178, 240, 322, 455
supplementary angles, S57 Graph paper, 114A, 144, 292, 382A
Health Link, 178
surface area, 500, S67 Graphic Organizers
Helpful Hint, 8, 16, 21, 40, 41, 46, 47, 92, 94,
of a cone, S67 Graphic Organizers are found in every
100, 115, 122, 123, 128, 134, 138, 139, 174,
of a cube, S67 lesson. Some examples: 8, 17, 22, 28, 35
194, 196, 202, 205, 212, 231, 238, 246, 252,
of a cylinder, S67 Graphics, reading and interpreting, 675
253, 262, 305, 336, 341, 343, 351, 352, 383,
of a prism, S67 Graphing 384, 390, 391, 398, 399, 415, 467, 470, 494,
of a pyramid, S67 data to choose a model, 789–790 495, 525, 534, 542, 559, 567, 591, 599, 607,
using nets to estimate, S67 functions, 252–256 615, 623, 631, 632, 637, 646, 653, 655, 688,
surface-area-to-volume ratio, 869 inequalities, 168–170 695, 714, 738, 739, 766, 772, 781, 783, 791,
symmetry, S63 linear functions, 298, 348 798, 800, 806, 811, 816, 818, 825, 852, 894,
tangent, 908 linear inequalities, 415 895, 902, 908
transformations, 357, S69 quadratic functions, 606–609
Heron of Alexandria, 810
in the coordinate plane, S69 using a table of values, 591
Heron’s formula, 810
of linear functions, 357–360 radical functions, 804
rational functions, 873 Hiking, 748
of quadratic functions, 613–616
translations, 357, S69 using asymptotes, 860 Histograms, 688
in the coordinate plane, S69 relationships, 230–232 frequency and, 687–689
of the graph of the square-root function, solving equations by, 91 History, 97, 707, 741
799 solving systems of linear equations by, History Link, 97, 707, 741
trapezoids, S59 383–385 Hobbies, 124, 362, 419, 649, 657
area of, S59 solving quadratic equations by, Hobbies Link, 362
triangle(s), Z3, S59, S63 622–624, 656 Home Economics, 856
acute, S63
area of, Z4, 83, S61
classifying, S63
equilateral, S63

Teacher’s Edition Index A93

 Homework Help Online Intercepts, using, 303–305, 606–608
Homework Help Online is available Interest, 133 L
for every lesson. Refer to the go.hrw.com compound, 782
box at the beginning of each exercise set. simple, 133 Ladder diagram, 524
Some examples: 9, 17, 23, 29, 35 Interpreting Landscaping, 387
Homework Quick Check graphics, 675 Landscaping Link, 387
Homework Quick Check appears in every scatter plots and trend lines, 270 Law Enforcement, 801
lesson. Some examples: 9, 17, 23, 29, 35 Interquartile range (IQR), 695 LCD, see Least common denominator
Horizontal lines, 351, 859 Intersection, 203 LCM, see Least common multiple
Hot-air balloons, 20 of sets, S78
Leading coefficients of polynomials, 477
Hot Tip!, 67, 69, 71, 157, 159, 161, 221, 223, Intervention
225, 285, 287, 289, 373, 375, 377, 435, 437, Leaning Tower of Pisa, 610
Extension, 38, 60, 112, 146, 186, 210, 260,
439, 515, 517, 519, 579, 581, 583, 667, 669, 278, 332, 364, 412, 428, 474, 508, 556, Least common denominator (LCD), Z28
671, 755, 757, 759, 841, 843, 845, 915, 917, 572, 620, 660, 710, 744, 796, 830, 876, adding rational expressions by using, 887
919 906 solving rational equations by using,
Hurricanes, 827 Questioning Strategies appear with every 900–901
example. Some examples: 7, 8, 15, 16, subtracting rational expressions by using,
Huygens, Christian, 640
21, 22 887
Hypothesis, S76
Scaffolding Questions, 38, 60, 112, 146, 186, Least common multiple (LCM), Z21–Z22,
210, 260, 278, 332, 364, 412, 428, 474, 886–887
508, 556, 572, 620, 660, 710, 744, 796, using, to find least common denominator,
I 830, 876, 906 Z28
Inverse operations, 77, 84, 92, 100, 107, using prime factorization to find, Z28
Identifying asymptotes, 859 148, 174, S51 Lesson Quiz
Identities for powers, 832 Lesson Quiz appears in every lesson. Some
equations as, 101 Inverse variation, 851–854, 876 examples: 11, 19, 25, 31, 37
inequalities as, 196 modeling, 850 Light-year, 455
Identity properties for addition and Product Rule for, 852, 853 Like denominators
multiplication, S78 Inverses addition of fractions with, Z30
Inclusive events, 734 additive, 15, S78 addition of rational expressions with, 885
probabilities of, 734 multiplicative, 21, S78 subtraction of fractions with, Z30
Inconsistent systems, 406 IQR, see Interquartile range subtraction of rational expressions with, 886
Independent events, 726–730 Irrational numbers, 34 Like radicals, 811
probability of, 727 estimating, 33 combining, 811
Independent systems, 407 Ishtar Gate, 506 Like terms, 47
Independent variables, 246–250 Isolating variables, 77 Likely, equally, 720
Index, 832 Isosceles trapezoids, S59 Lincoln, Abraham, 97
Indirect measurement, 122 Isosceles triangles, S59 Line(s), S56
horizontal, 351, 859
Inductive reasoning, S77
median-fit, 270, 271
Inequalities
naming, S56
absolute-value, see Absolute-value
inequalities
J parallel, see Parallel lines
perpendicular, see Perpendicular lines
compound, 202
Journal slope of a, 311–313
defined, 168
Journal appears in every lesson. Some trend, see Trend lines
graphing, 168–170, 169
examples: 11, 19, 25, 31, 37 vertical, 349, 859
linear, see Linear inequalities
Line graphs, 679–682
properties of, 174, 180, 181
solutions of, 168 Line plots, S71
solving K Linear equation(s)
defined, 298
absolute-value, 212–214
by addition, 174–177 point-slope form of, 342
Kangaroos, 626 slope-intercept form of, 335, 342
compound, 202–205
Kerrich, John, 713 solving, by using a spreadsheet, 382
by division, 180–182
multi-step, 188–190 Key words, 230 standard form of, 298
by multiplication, 180–182 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 97 systems of, see Systems of linear equations
by subtraction, 174–177 Kites, 198 Linear function(s)
two-step, 188–190 Kites (geometric shape), S59 defined, 296
with variables on both sides, 194–197 Know-It Note families of, 356, 862
writing, 168–170 Know-It Notes are found throughout this general form of, 791
Input, 55, 245 book. Some examples: 15, 20, 21, 40, 46 graphing, 298, 348
Input-output table, 55–56 Koopa (turtle), 136 identifying, 296–299
by graphs, 296
Integer(s), 34
by lists of ordered pairs, 297
Integer chips, 6A, 15, 688
by tables, 297
Integer exponents, 446–448 by using ordered pairs, 297
and powers of ten, 452–453
in scientific notation, 453–454
using patterns to investigate, 446

A94 Teacher’s Edition Index

 reflections of, 359 Make a Prediction, 145, 356 geometric
rotations of, 358 Make a table, S45 of powers, 26
transformations of, 357–360 Manufacturing, 118, 150, 447 of special products, 501, 503
vertical translations of, 357 Mapping diagrams, 236 linear, 789–792
Linear inequalities Marine Biology, 596 quadratic, 789–792
defined, 414 rectangle, for multiplying polynomials, 494
Markup, 139
graphing, 415 Modeling
Mars, 254
solutions of, 414 addition and subtraction of real numbers, 14
solving, 414–417 Mars lander, 330
completing the square, 644
systems of, 421 Math Fact, 6, 26, 406, 446, 531, 713, 805 equations with variables on both sides, 99
solutions of, 421 Math History, 251, 506, 570, 810 factoring, 530
solving, 421–423, 427 Math History Link, 58, 402, 506, 570, 810 factorization of trinomials, 538–539
Linear models, 789–792 Math Humor, 14, 20, 32, 40, 46, 54, 77, 84, growth and decay, 780
Link 92, 100, 107, 114, 121, 127, 133, 138, 168, inverse variation, 850
Animals, 184 174, 180, 188, 194, 202, 230, 236, 245, 252, one-step equations, 76
Art, 30, 545 262, 272, 296, 303, 310, 320, 326, 334, 341, polynomial addition and subtraction,
Astronomy, 10, 330 349, 357, 383, 390, 397, 414, 421, 452, 460, 482–483
Automobiles, 691 467, 476, 484, 492, 501, 524, 540, 548, 558, polynomial division, 892
Biology, 105, 307, 450, 626, 871 566, 590, 599, 606, 613, 622, 630, 636, 645, polynomial multiplication, 490–491
Chemistry, 207, 456 652, 678, 687, 694, 702, 720, 726, 766, 772, systems of linear equations, 389
Diving, 24 781, 789, 798, 811, 816, 822, 851, 858, 866, variable relationships, 244
Ecology, 267 878, 885, 893, 900 Money, 394
Electricity, 820 Math Symbols, 229 Monomials, 476
Engineering, 604 Matrices, 746–747 degrees of, 476
Geology, 81, 410, 802 Maximum values Moon, 88
Geometry, 770 for a box-and-whisker plot, 695 Moore’s law, 777
Health, 178 of parabolas, 592 Motivate
History, 97, 707, 741 Mean, 694, S72 Motivate appears in every lesson. Some
Hobbies, 362 Measure of central tendency, 694, S72 examples: 6, 14, 20, 26, 32
Landscaping, 387 Measurement(s), 122, 301, 345, 456, 562, Multi-Step, 11, 57, 59, 126, 131, 137, 142,
Math History, 58, 402, 506, 570, 810 770, S53 143, 239, 240, 275, 346, 367, 386, 395, 401,
Meteorology, 827 absolute error and, S55 410, 418, 425, 451, 466, 498, 506, 528, 529,
Military, 425 accuracy in, S54 563, 597, 609, 617, 634, 640, 649, 650, 658,
Music, 528 comparing, S53 770, 777, 787, 793, 802, 803, 809, 815, 828,
Number Theory, 276 converting between systems of, S53 856, 863, 890, 898, 904
Physics, 640 customary system of, S53 Multi-step equations, solving, 92–95
Recreation, 198 indirect, 122
School, 731 Multi-step inequalities, solving, 188–190
metric system of, S53 Multi-Step Test Prep, 38, 60, 112, 146, 186,
Science, 346 precision in, S54
Solar Energy, 898 210, 260, 278, 332, 364, 412, 428, 474, 508,
relative error and, S55 556, 572, 620, 660, 710, 744, 796, 830, 876,
Sports, 44, 119, 234, 498 significant digits and, S54
Statistics, 88 906
tolerance intervals and, S55 Multi-Step Test Prep questions are also
Technology, 136, 749, 777
Mechanics, 855, 857 found in every exercise set. Some
Transportation, 250, 480
Travel, 315, 610, 890
Median, 694, S72 examples are: 10, 18, 24, 30, 36
Winter Sports, 856 Median-fit line, 270–271 Multiple Choice, 70–71, 158–159, 160–161,
Lists of ordered pairs Medicine, 449, 481 288–289, 376–377, 437, 438–439, 516, 517,
identifying exponential functions by, 773, Mental Math, 22, 46, 47, 134, 159, 565, S52 518–519, 581, 582–583, 670–671, 757,
790 Meteorology, 10, 17, 110, 206, 207, 827 758–759, 842–843, 844–845, 916–917,
identifying linear functions by, 297, 790 Meteorology Link, 827 918–919
identifying quadratic functions by, 590, 790 Middleton Place Gardens, 387 Choose Combinations of Answers, 916–917
Literal equations, 108 Midpoint formula, S68 Eliminate Answer Choices, 158–159
None of the Above or All of the Above,
Lo Shu, 2 Military, 425
842–843
Logic, 707 Military Link, 425 Recognize Distracters, 374–375
Long division, 894 Minimum values Multiple representations, 15, 20, 21, 26,
dividing polynomials by binomials, 894–895 for a box-and-whisker plot, 695 27, 46, 47, 76, 79, 86, 99, 101, 115, 148,
Lookout Mountain Incline Railway, 315 of parabolas, 592 169, 174, 180, 181, 196, 202, 203, 204, 212,
Misleading graphs and statistics, 213, 236, 244, 259, 295, 320, 349, 351, 389,
702–703 446, 452, 460, 462, 463, 467, 469, 470, 482,
M Mode, 694, S72
Model(s)
483, 490, 491, 501, 503, 530, 538, 539, 541,
558, 560, 592, 600, 601, 613, 628, 629, 630,
choosing 636, 642, 644, 645, 708, 709, 738, 739, 746,
Magnification, 906
graphing data for, 789–790 798, 806, 822, 833, 851, 859, 893
Make a Conjecture, 318, 319, 612, 628, 644, using patterns for, 790
804, 850, 873 exponential, 789–792
Make a model, S41
Make an organized list, S49

Teacher’s Edition Index A95

 Multiplication Numbers Ordered pairs, Z7, 54, 236
of decimals, Z14–Z16 compatible, Z10, 46 graphing, Z7
of fractions, Z32–Z33 composite, Z17–Z18 identifying exponential functions by using,
of polynomials, 492–496 irrational, see Irrational numbers 590, 790
modeling, 490–491 natural, 34 identifying linear functions by using, 297,
rectangle model for, 494 prime, Z17–Z18, 524 790
vertical method for, 495 random, see Random numbers identifying quadratic functions by using,
by powers of ten, 453 rational, 34 773, 790
properties of, 46 real, see Real numbers Organizing data, 678–682
of radical expressions, 816–818 signed, see Signed numbers Origin, Z7, 54
of rational expressions, 878–881 whole, 34 Outcome, 713
of real numbers, 20–22 Numerical expressions, 6 Outlier, 695
scalar, 747 Nutrition, 87, 88, 130, 142, 240 Output, 55, 245
of signed numbers, 20
solving equations by, 84–87 Overestimate, Z10
solving inequalities by, 180–182
of square-root expressions, containing two O
terms, 817 P
by zero, 21 Obtuse angles, S56
Multiplication properties of exponents, Obtuse triangles, S59 Paella, 326
460–463 Oceanography, 256 Parabola
Multiplication Property of Equality, 86, Ocelots, 267 axis of symmetry of a, 600
90 Odds, 722 exploring, 598
Multiplication Property of Inequality, converting between probabilities and, 722 finding
180, 181 One-Minute Section Planner, 6A, 40A, by using the formula, 601
Multiplicative inverses, 21 76A, 114A, 168A, 188A, 230A, 262A, 296A, by using zeros, 600
Music, 206, 496, 528, 853 334A, 382A, 414A, 446A, 476A, 524A, 558A, defined, 591
Music Link, 528 590A, 622A, 676A, 712A, 766A, 798A, 850A, identifying the direction of a,
Mutually exclusive events, 734 878A 592
probabilities of, 734 Online Resources vertex of a, 592
Career Resources Online, 106, 200, 347, 388, finding the, 601
547, 743 vertical translations of a, 615
width of a, 613
N Chapter Project Online, 2, 72, 164, 226, 292,
378, 442, 520, 586, 672, 762, 846 Parallel lines, S56
Homework Help Online slopes of, 349–352
NANP, see North American Numbering Plan Homework Help Online is available Parallelograms, S59
Natural numbers, 34 for every lesson. Refer to the go.hrw. area of, S61
Navigation, 909 com box at the Parent functions, 357
Negative correlation, 263 beginning of each exercise linear, 862
Negative exponents, 446 set. Some examples: 9, 17, 23, 29, 35 quadratic, 612, 613, 862
Negative integer exponents, 452 Lab Resources Online, 12, 76, 99, 144, 259, rational, 862
270, 382, 389, 482, 555, 612, 628, 700 square-root, 862
Negative Power of a Quotient Property,
Parent Resources Online Parent Resources Online
470
Parent Resources Online are available for Parent Resources Online are available for
Negative slope, 312
every lesson. Refer to the go.hrw.com every lesson. Refer to the go.hrw.com
Nets, 874, S67 box at the beginning of each exercise
using to estimate surface area, S67 box at the beginning of each exercise set.
set. Some examples: 9, 17, 23, Some examples: 9, 17, 23, 29, 35
Nightingale, Florence, 707 29, 35 Parentheses, 40
No correlation, 263 Project Teacher Support, 2, 72, 164, 226,
Pascal, Blaise, 570
None of the Above, 842–843 292, 378, 442, 520, 586, 672, 762, 846
State Test Practice Online, 70, 160, 224, 288, Pascal’s Triangle, 570
Normal curve, S74
376, 438, 518, 582, 670, 758, 844, 918 Patterns
Normal distribution, S74
Operations geometric, S58
North American Numbering Plan (NANP),
inverse, see Inverse operations looking for, 767
741
order of, 40–42 using
Notation, scientific, see Scientific notation to choose a model, 790
Null set, see Empty set Opposite binomials, 534, 868
to find properties of exponents, 458–459
Number cubes, 296A, 321, 712A, 712–714, Opposite coefficients, 397 to investigate integer exponents, 446
718, 721, 722, 725, 726 Opposites, 15 to investigate powers of ten, 452
Number families, S51 factoring with, 534 Pearl, Nancy, 362
Number Sense, 528, 529 OR, 203–205, 208, 212–214 Pencils, colored, 76A, 78, 101, 114A, 414A,
Number Theory, 37, 276, 634, 640 Orangutans, 184 422
Connecting Algebra to, 404–405, 565 Order of operations, 40–42 Pendulum clocks, 640
Number Theory Link, 276 Order rational numbers, S50 Pente, 37

A96 Teacher’s Edition Index

Percent(s), 125, 127–129 subtraction of, 484–486 Draw a diagram, S40
applications of, 133–135 modeling, 482–483 Find a pattern, S44
defined, 127 unfactorable, 567 Guess and test, S42
greater than 100%, 127 Population, 120, 708–709 Make a model, S41
less than 1%, 127 explore changes in, 144–145 Make an organized list, S49
writing as decimals, Z27 Population density, 472 Make a table, S45
writing decimals as, Z27 Positive correlation, 263 Solve a simpler problem, S46
Percent change, 138 Positive integer exponents, 452 Use logical reasoning, S47
Percent decrease, 138–140 Use a Venn diagram, S48
Positive Power of a Quotient Property,
Percent increase, 138–140 Work backward, S43
469
Percent proportion, 127 Product of Powers Property, 460, 461,
Positive slope, 312
Perfect-square trinomials, 501, 463, 560
Power(s), Z20, 26
558 Product Property
exponents and, 26–28
Perfect squares, 32 Power of a, 462
geometric models of, 26
Perimeter, Z3, 52–53, S60 of Square Roots, 806, 810
inverse operations for, 832
estimating, S60 Zero, 866
Negative, of a Quotient Property, 470
of polygons, 52 Positive, of a Quotient Property, 468, 469 Product Rule for Inverse Variation, 852,
of a rectangle, Z3, S60 of a Power Property, 462, 463 853
of a square, Z3, S60 of a Product Property, 463, 469 Products, special, see Special products
Period, of a pendulum, 820 of ten, 452–453 Projects, 2, 72, 164, 226, 292, 378, 442, 520,
Permutations multiplication by, 453 586, 672, 762, 846
combinations and, 736–739 using patterns to investigate, 452 Properties
defined, 737 Power Property, Power of a, 462 of addition, 46
Perpendicular lines, S56 Power Property of Equality, 822 of Equality, 79, 86
slopes of, 349–352 Powers Property of Inequality, 174, 180, 181
Personal Finance, 307, 788 Product of, 460 of multiplication, 46
Quotient of, 467, 878 of zero, 21
Pet Care, 795
Practice Proportion(s), 114
pH, 472
Reduced Practice pages appear in every applications of, 121–123
Photography, 487, 497 percent, 127
Physical Science, 302, 465, 769 lesson. Some examples: 10, 18, 24, 30, 36
rates, ratios and, 114–117
Physics, 478, 535, 553, 569, 616, 618, 634, Precision, S54
Puerto Rico, 472
640, 655, 776, 820, 827, 854 Prediction, 715
Pyramids, 874, S64
Physics Link, 640 Preparing for your final exam, 849
surface area of, 500, S67
Pi, Z3, S62 Prime factorization, Z19–Z20, 524
volume of, 500, 779, S66
Pimlico Race Course, 234 writing with exponents, Z20
Pythagorean Theorem, 36, 641, 642, 643,
Place value, S50 Prime numbers, Z17–Z18, 524
807, 810, 830, S68
Plane(s), S56 Principal, 133
Cartesian, 58 Prisms, 874, S64
surface area of, 500, S67
coordinate, Z7, 54
naming, S56 volume of, 500, 779, S66 Q
Pluto, 88 Probability, 713, 744, 881, 882
Point-slope form of linear equations, converting between odds and, 722 Quadrants, 54
341–344 of dependent events, 729 Quadratic equations
experimental, see Experimental probability defined, 622
Polygons, 52–53, S58
geometric, 890 discriminant of, 654
regular, S58
of inclusive events, 734 related function of, 622
Polyhedrons, S64
of independent events, 727 roots of, 628–629, see also Solving
bases of, S64
of mutually exclusive events, 734 solving, 660
edges of, S64
theoretical, see Theoretical probability by completing the square, 646, 656
vertices of, S64
Problem Solving by factoring, 630–633, 656
Polynomial(s), 476–478, 589
Reduced Problem Solving pages appear in by graphing, 622–624, 656
addition of, 484–486
every lesson. Some examples: 11, 19, 25, by using the Quadratic Formula, 652–657
modeling, 482–483
31, 37 by using square roots, 636–639, 656
cubic, 477 standard form of, 622
Problem Solving on Location
degrees of, 476
Illinois, 162–163 Quadratic Formula, 653–655, 659
division of, see Division of polynomials
Michigan, 290–291 discriminant and, 652–657
factoring, 531–571
New Jersey, 440–441 using the
methods for, 568
Ohio, 920–921 for estimating solutions, 653–654
using graphs for, 555
Pennsylvania, 760–761 solving quadratic equations by, 652–657
leading coefficients of, 477
South Carolina, 584–585
multiplication of, see Multiplication of
polynomials Problem-Solving Applications, 28, 33,
quadratic, 477 94, 175–176, 255, 343–344, 385, 503–504,
in standard form, 896 559–560, 607–608, 647–648, 729, 791–792,
standard form of, 477 901–902
Problem-Solving Plan, xx–xxi
Problem-Solving Strategies, S40–S49

Teacher’s Edition Index A97

 Quadratic functions, 620 Rates, 114 the problem, 445
characteristics of, 599–603 ratios, proportions and, 114–117 Reading and Writing Math, 5, 75, 167, 229,
comparing graphs of, 615 Ratio(s), 114 295, 381, 445, 523, 589, 675, 765, 849, see
defined, 590 common, 766 also Reading Strategies; Study Strategies;
domain of, 593 equivalent, 114 Writing Strategies
families of, 612, 862 rates, proportions and, 114–117 Reading Math, 32, 34, 54, 114, 121, 170,
general form of, 791 surface-area-to-volume, 869 247, 272, 320, 408, 446, 453, 454, 561, 680,
graphing, 606–609 trigonometric, 908–909 721, 722, 782, 854
using a table of values, 591 Rational equations, 906 Reading Strategies
identifying, 590–593 defined, 900 Reduced Reading Strategies pages appear
range of, 593 solving, 900–903 in every lesson. Some examples: 10, 18,
transformations of, 613–616 by using cross products, 900 24, 30, 36
zeros of, finding, from graphs, 599 by using the lowest common denominator, Read a Lesson for Understanding, 523
Quadratic models, 789–792 900–901 Read and Interpret Graphics, 675
Quadratic parent functions, 612, 613, 862 Rational exponents, 832–834 Read and Interpret Math Symbols, 229
Quadratic polynomials, 477 Rational expressions Read and Understand the Problem, 445
Quadrilaterals, S63 addition of, 885–888 Use Your Book for Success, 5
classifying, S63 with like denominators, 885 Ready to Go On?, 39, 61, 113, 147, 187,
Quality Control, 715 with unlike denominators, 887 211, 261, 279, 333, 365, 413, 429, 475, 509,
Quartiles, 695 defined, 866 557, 573, 621, 661, 711, 745, 797, 831, 877,
Question type, any division of, 878–881 907, see also Assessment
read the problem for understanding, multiplication of, 878–881 Real Estate, 125
436–437 simplifying, 866–869 Real numbers, 34
spatial reasoning, 756–757 subtraction of, 885–888 addition of, 14–17
translate words to math, 580–581 with like denominators, 886 defined, 14
use a diagram, 516–517 with unlike denominators, 887 division of, 20–22
Questioning strategies, see Intervention Rational functions, 858–862 multiplication of, 20–22
Quotient of Powers Property, 467, 468, defined, 858 square roots and, 32–35
470, 878 families of, 862 subtraction of, 14–17
graphing, 873 Reasonable answer, 33, 36, 79, 80, 81, 82,
Quotient Property
using asymptotes, 860 88, 89, 95, 97, 104, 117, 118, 120, 122, 124,
Negative Power of a, 470
Positive Power of a, 469 Rational numbers, 34 128, 131, 136, 138, 139, 142, 143, 159, 170,
of Square Roots, 806, 810 comparing and ordering, S50 176, 182, 231, 255, 344, 385, 386, 416, 423,
Rationalizing denominators, 616, 623, 638, 648, 656, 772, 781, 783, 798
817 Reasonable domain, 248, 249, 250, 251,
using conjugates, 821 255, 261, 283, 284, 299, 304, 360, 597, 853,
R Rays, S56 856, 861, 863
naming, S56 Reasonable range, 248, 249, 250, 251, 255,
Radical equations, 822–826 Reaching All Learners 261, 283, 284, 299, 304, 360, 597, 853, 856,
Radical expressions, 805–808 Through Auditory Cues, 47, 312, 342, 407, 861, 863
addition of, 811–813 502, 653 Reasonableness, 33, 35, 79, 80, 81, 82, 88,
division of, 816–818 Through Cognitive Strategies, 41, 169, 237, 89, 95, 97, 104, 115, 117, 118, 120, 122,
multiplication of, 816–818 273, 312, 532, 679, 714, 806 124, 128, 131, 134, 136–139, 142, 143, 159,
subtraction of, 811–813 Through Communication, 195, 235, 350, 250, 251, 255, 261, 265, 608, 623, 638, 761,
Radical functions 646, 654, 817 798, 799
graphing, 804 Through Concrete Manipulatives, 15, 78, Reasoning
Radical symbol, 32 398, 727 explaining your, in extended responses,
Radicals, like, see Like radicals Through Cooperative Learning, 101, 134, 668–669
Radicand, 805 231, 321, 391, 453, 485, 791 spatial, 756–757
Radius, S62 Through Critical Thinking, 93, 139, 175, 549, Reciprocals, 21
631, 767, 783, 887 Recognizing distracters, 374–375
Random numbers, 719
Through Graphic Organizers, 7, 33, 246, 447,
using, 719 Recreation, 22, 87, 151, 198, 234, 240, 276,
461, 468, 541, 567, 773
Random samples, 703, 708–709, S73 317, 394, 425, 808, 888
Through Home Connection, 415, 721, 737
Range, 82, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, Through Kinesthetic Experience, 21, 203, Recreation Link, 198
248, 249, 250, 251, 256, 260, 261, 694, 857 263, 335, 358, 422, 477, 591, 600, 688 Rectangle(s), S59
of absolute-value functions, 366–367 Through Modeling, 115, 181, 253, 494, 560, area of, Z4, 83, S61
interquartile (IQR), 695 607, 695, 783, 860, 901 perimeter of, Z3, S60
of linear functions, 299 Through Multiple Representations, 55, 254, Rectangle model for multiplying
of quadratic functions, 593 311, 327, 384, 623, 823, 852, 859 polynomials, 494
reasonable, 248, 249, 250, 251, 255, 261, Through Number Sense, 27, 128, 304, 525, Recycling, 8
283, 284, 299, 304, 360, 597, 853, 856, 559, 867, 886 Reflections, 359, S69
861, 863 Through Visual Cues, 85, 189, 297, 614, 637, in the coordinate plane, S69
Rate of change 799, 879, 894 of linear functions, 359
defined, 310 Through World Math, 122 Regular polygons, S58
slope and, 310–313 Reading Related quadratic equations, 622
graphics, 675 Relations, 236

A98 Teacher’s Edition Index

 functions and, 236–238 Second coordinates, 236 approximating, 91, 637–638
Relationships Second differences, 590 of equations, 77
graphing, 230–232 Section Overview, 6B, 40B, 76B, 114B, 168B, estimating, using the Quadratic Formula for,
variable, model, 244 188B, 230B, 262B, 296B, 334B, 382B, 414B, 653–654
Relative error, S55 446B, 476B, 524B, 558B, 590B, 622B, 676B, extraneous, 824–825, 902
Remember!, 42, 108, 149, 188, 203, 298, 712B, 766B, 798B, 850B, 878B of inequalities, 168
299, 334, 335, 350, 357, 398, 406, 421, 446, Sectors, 680 of linear inequalities, 414
461, 476, 477, 484, 492, 504, 524, 540, 549, Selected Answers, S79–S106 of systems of linear equations, 383
607, 613, 638, 647, 652, 678, 737, 767, 790, of systems of linear inequalities, 421
Sequences
812, 817, 833, 851, 853, 861, 866, 869, 878, arithmetic, see Arithmetic sequences Solution set, 77, 148
879, 881, 887, 896 geometric, see Geometric sequences empty set as, 102
Remembering formulas, 765 Set-builder notation, 168 Solve a simpler problem, S46
Remodeling, 545 Sets, S78 Solving
Repeating decimals, Z25, 34 classic problems, 404–405
Sheppard, Alfred, 118
Replacement set, 8 linear equations by using a spreadsheet, 382
Shipping, 275
rational equations, 900–901
Representations Short Response, 25, 71, 82, 90, 137, 161, special systems, 406–409
multiple, see Multiple representations 185, 200, 222–223, 225, 235, 269, 289, 340, systems of linear equations, 383–401
of solid figures, 874 377, 403, 426, 437, 439, 451, 481, 516, 517, systems of linear inequalities, 427
Reteach 519, 546, 571, 580, 581, 583, 597, 611, 651,
Space Shuttle, 150
Reduced Reteach pages appear in every 671, 686, 718, 742, 757, 759, 787, 845, 865,
lesson. Some examples: 10, 18, 24, 30, 36 Spatial reasoning, 756–757
884, 919
Rhombus, S59 Understand Short Response Scores, 222–223 Special products
of binomials, 501–505
Rhind papyrus, 6 Signed numbers
factoring, 558–561
Right angles, S56 division of, 20
geometric models of, 501, 503
Right triangles, S59 multiplication of, 20
Special systems, solving, 406–409
Rise, 311 Significant digits, S54
Spinner, 712, 714, 718, 720, 725
Roots Silicon chips, 777
Split stem-and-leaf plot, 693
exploring, 628–629 Similar figures, 121
Sports, 42, 44, 50, 104, 107, 110, 119, 151,
of quadratic equations, 628–629 Simple events, 737
170, 176, 178, 207, 234, 306, 410, 471, 498,
Rotations, 358, S69 Simple interest, 133
509, 596, 625, 632, 658, 690, 696, 697, 698,
in the coordinate plane, S69 Simple random sample, 708–709 716, 717, 768, 769, 776, 807
of linear functions, 358 Simplest form Sports Link, 44, 119, 234, 498
Rounding, Z9–Z11 of a fraction, Z23
Spreadsheet, 6A, 12–13, 382A, 382, 676A,
Ruler, 72, 114A, 115, 296A, 327, 476A, 480, of a square-root expression, 805
700–701, 706
846 Simplifying
Square(s)
Run, 311 exponential expressions, 460
perfect, 32
expressions, 46–49
two, difference of, 503, 560
fractions, Z23
Square(s) (geometric figure), Z3, S59
S rational expressions, 866–869
Simulations, 712
area of, Z4, 83, S61
perimeter of, Z3, S60
Sine, 908
Sales tax, 134 Square, completing the, see Completing the
Skills Bank, S40–S78 square
Sample space, 713
Slope formula, 320–323 Square root(s), 32
Samples, 708–709, S73
Slope-intercept form of linear Product Property of, 806, 810
biased, 709, S73
equations, 334–337 Quotient Property of, 806, 810
random, 703, 708–709, S73
Slope(s), 311, 313 real numbers and, 32–35
Sampling, bias and, 708–709, S73
comparing, 313 solving quadratic equations by using,
Sandia Peak Tramway, 304
finding 636–639, 656
Scaffolding questions, see Intervention from equations, 322 Square-root expressions, see also Radical
Scalar multiplication, 747 from graphs, 321 expressions
Scale, 116 from tables, 321 multiplication of, containing two terms, 817
Scale drawing, 116 negative, 312 simplest form of, 805
Scale factor, 123 of parallel lines, 349–352 Square-root functions, 798–800
of a dilation, S70 of perpendicular lines, 349–352 domain of, 799
Scale model, 116 positive, 312 families of, 862
Scalene triangles, S59 rate of change and, 310–313 graphs of, translations of, 799
Scatter plots, 262 undefined, 312
Square-Root Property, 636
interpreting, 270 zero, 312
Standard deviation, S74
trend lines and, 262–265 Snowshoes, 856
Standard form, 454
School, 81, 197, 362, 386, 419, 731 Solar cars, 691
of linear equations, 298
School Link, 731 Solar Energy, 898 of polynomials, 477
Science, 118, 346, 464, 532, 784 Solar Energy Link, 898 polynomials in, 896
Science Link, 346 Solar-powered aircraft, 898 of quadratic equations, 622
Scientific notation, 453–454 Solid figures, representing, 874
Seabiscuit, 234 Solution(s)

Teacher’s Edition Index A99

 Standardized Test Prep, 70–71, Symmetry, S63 Multiple Representations, 41, 48, 78, 122,
160–161, 224–225, 288–289, axis of, see Axis of symmetry 128, 205, 321, 336, 392, 408, 470, 486,
376–377, 438–439, 518–519, line of, S63 528, 550, 592, 601, 608, 715, 775, 820,
582–583, 670–671, 758–759, Systematic random sample, 708–709 824, 834, 870
844–845, 918–919, see also Assessment Systems of linear equations Number Sense, 102, 400, 416, 454, 455, 808,
Statistics, 82, 88, 455, 775 consistent, 406 863, 882, 889
misleading, 702–703 classification of, 407 Reading Math, 23, 41, 47, 85, 128, 150, 169,
Statistics Link, 88 dependent, 407 177, 192, 204, 265, 274, 297, 304, 313,
Stem-and-leaf plot, 687 identifying solutions of, 383 395, 404, 456, 462, 592, 602, 608, 623,
back-to-back, 687 inconsistent, 406 684, 704, 782, 825, 853, 859
Step functions, S75 independent, 407 Science, 16, 346, 399, 465, 708, 786, 802,
Stonehenge II, 118 modeling, 389 854
solving Social Studies, 472, 684, 706, 741
Straight angles, S56
by elimination, 397–401 Statistics, 346
Straightedge, 387, 679 Technology, 298, 348, 352, 384, 416, 447,
by graphing, 383–385
Stratified random sample, 708–709 455, 457, 616, 628, 695, 706, 719, 738,
by substitution, 390–393
Student to Student, 47, 76, 169, 238, 304, 833, 908
Systems of linear inequalities, 421–423
392, 462, 551, 656, 727, 792, 868 Transformations, 749, 774
Study Guide: Preview, 4, 74, 166, 228, 294, Visual, 7, 43, 83, 101, 108, 122, 175, 195,
380, 444, 522, 588, 674, 764, 848, see also 205, 213, 239, 263, 273, 321, 327, 352,
Assessment T 366, 385, 392, 400, 402, 410, 422, 485,
Study Guide: Review, 62–65, 152–155, 493, 534, 541, 594, 614, 642, 646, 676,
216–219, 280–283, 368–371, 430–433, T-chart, 311 679, 688, 696, 767, 779, 792, 868
510–513, 574–577, 662–665, 750–753, Tables Technology, 29, 136, 457, 514, 526, 742, 749,
836–839, 910–913, see also Assessment connecting to function rules and graphs, 259 777
Study Strategies creating, to evaluate expressions, 12–13 using, to make graphs, 700–701
Learn Vocabulary, 589 finding slope from, 321 Technology Lab
Prepare for Your Final Exam, 849 frequency, 688 Connect Function Rules, Tables, and Graphs,
Remember Formulas, 765 identifying linear functions by, 297 259
Use Multiple Representations, 295 of values, graphing quadratic functions Create a Table to Evaluate Expressions,
Use Your Notes Effectively, 167 using, 591 12–13
Use Your Own Words, 75 Tangent, 908 Explore Roots, Zeros, and x-intercepts,
Subset, S78 Tape measures, 226, 762, 846 628–629
Substitution Teacher to Teacher, 9, 99, 201, 266, 319, Families of Linear Functions, 356
solving systems of linear equations by, 427, 479, 539, 639, 734, 774 The Family of Quadratic Functions,
390–393 Teaching Tip 612
Subtraction Auditory, 115, 148, 213, 247, 469, 487, 696, Graph Linear Functions, 348
of decimals, Z12–Z13 738, 908 Graph Radical Functions, 804
of fractions, Z30–Z31 Communicating Math, 21, 103, 169, 233, Graph Rational Functions, 873
with like denominators, Z30 237, 343, 384, 398, 463, 653, 746, 809, Interpret Scatter Plots and Trend Lines, 270
with unlike denominators, Z30–Z31 818, 879 Solve Equations by Graphing, 91
of polynomials, 484–486 Critical Thinking, 22, 129, 328, 398, 410, Solve Linear Equations by Using a
modeling, 482–483 495, 546, 623, 624, 638, 647, 728, 739, Spreadsheet, 382
of radical expressions, 811–813 790, 894 Solve Systems of Linear Inequalities, 427
of rational expressions, 885–888 Data Collection, 234 Use a Graph to Factor Polynomials, 555
with like denominators, 886 Diversity, 110, 336, 769, 888 Use Random Numbers, 719
with unlike denominators, 887 Earth Science, 88 Use Technology to Make Graphs, 700–701
of real numbers, 14–17, 15 Geometry, 10, 30, 81, 88, 104, 120, 169, Technology Link, 136, 749, 777
solving equations by, 77–79 199, 240, 351, 419, 553, 571, 600, 640, Telephone numbers, 741
solving inequalities by, 174–177 770, 807, 871 Temperature, 151
Subtraction Property of Equality, 78, 79, Inclusion, 29, 52, 78, 79, 86, 128, 134, 140, Ten, powers of, see Powers of ten
82, 86 171, 184, 192, 232, 248, 255, 276, 313, Terminating decimals, Z25, 34
Subtraction Property of Inequality, 174 314, 327, 336, 344, 387, 391, 405, 447, Terms, 47, 272, 476, 817
Summarize 469, 485, 493, 532, 542, 549, 560, 569, Test Prep
Summarize appears in every lesson. Some 596, 602, 610, 614, 615, 646, 647, 656, Test Prep questions are found in every
examples: 8, 16, 22, 28, 34 682, 691, 703, 716, 727, 774, 790, 793, exercise set. Some examples: 11, 19, 25,
Sun, 465 801, 807, 827, 868, 880, 886, 895, 903, 31, 37; see also Assessment
Supplementary angles, S57 904
Test Prep Doctor, 11, 19, 25, 31, 37, 45, 51,
Kinesthetic, 24, 57, 149, 209, 233, 366, 480,
Surface area, 500, S67 59, 67, 68, 70, 82, 90, 98, 105, 111, 120,
526, 649, 650, 747, 874
of a cone, S67 126, 132, 137, 143, 157, 158, 160, 173, 179,
Language Arts, 695
of a cube, S67 185, 193, 199, 208, 221, 222, 224, 235, 241,
Math Background, 116, 178, 191, 256, 322,
of a cylinder, S67 251, 258, 269, 277, 285, 286, 288, 302, 308,
359, 494, 503, 560, 568, 646, 724, 814
of a prism, S67 317, 325, 331, 340, 347, 355, 363, 373, 374,
Math Connections, 895
of a pyramid, S67 375, 376, 387, 396, 403, 411, 420, 426, 435,
using nets to estimate, S67 436, 437, 438, 451, 457, 466, 473, 481, 489,
Surface-area-to-volume ratio, 869 499, 507, 515, 516, 518, 529, 537, 546, 554,
Symmetric Property of Equality, 185 564, 570, 579, 580, 582, 597, 605, 611, 619,

A100 Teacher’s Edition Index

 627, 635, 641, 651, 659, 667, 668, 670, 686, Trigonometric ratios, 908–909 Vertical translations
692, 699, 706, 718, 725, 733, 742, 755, 756, Trinomials, 477 of linear functions, 357
758, 771, 778, 787, 795, 803, 810, 815, 821, factoring, 866 of a parabola, 615
829, 841, 842, 844, 857, 865, 872, 884, 891, modeling factorization of, 538–539 Vocabulary, 9, 17, 23, 29, 35, 43, 49, 57, 80,
899, 905, 915, 916, 918 perfect-square, 501, 558 103, 109, 117, 124, 130, 135, 141, 171, 206,
Test Tackler, see also Assessment Truth Tables, 201 233, 239, 249, 266, 275, 300, 306, 314, 329,
Any Question Type Tsunamis, 802 353, 361, 386, 409, 418, 424, 455, 479, 505,
Read the Problem for Understanding, Two-step equations, solving, 92–95 527, 594, 603, 625, 649, 657, 683, 690, 697,
436–437 Two-step inequalities, solving, 188–190 704, 716, 723, 730, 740, 769, 776, 785, 801,
Spatial Reasoning, 756–757 808, 813, 826, 855, 863, 870, 903
Translate Words to Math, 580–581 learning, 589
Use a Diagram, 516–517 Vocabulary Connections, 4, 74, 166, 228,
Extended Response U 294, 380, 444, 522, 588, 674, 764, 848
Explain Your Reasoning, 668–669 Volume, 500, S66
Understand the Scores, 286–287 Undefined slope, 312 estimating, S66
Gridded Response Underestimate, Z10 of a cone, 500, S66
Fill in Answer Grids Correctly, 68–69 Understanding of a cube, 779, S66
Multiple Choice the problem, 445 of a cylinder, 500, S66
Choose Combinations of Answers, read a lesson for, 523 of a prism, 500, 779, S66
916–917 read the problem for, 436–437 of a pyramid, 500, 779, S66
Eliminate Answer Choices, 158–159 Voluntary response sample, 709
Unfactorable polynomials, 567
None of the Above or All of the Above, Vomit Comet, 798
Union, 204
842–843
of sets, S78
Recognize Distracters, 374–375
Short Response Unit rate, 114
Understand Short Response Scores, United States, 472, 706 W
222–223 Unlike denominators
Theoretical probability, 720–723 addition of fractions with, Z30 Wadlow, Robert P., 88
Third quartile values, 695 addition of rational expressions with, 887
Wages, 301, 329
subtraction of fractions with, Z31
Tip (amount of money), 134 War Admiral, 234
subtraction of rational expressions with, 887
Tolerance intervals, S55 Warm Up
Use logical reasoning, S47
Tolkowsky, Marcel, 861 Warm Up appears in every lesson. Some
Use a Venn diagram, S48
Transcontinental railroad, 890 examples: 6, 14, 20, 26, 32
Transformations, 357, S69 Waterfalls, 625
in the coordinate plane, S69 Weather, 23, 690, 691, 697
of linear functions, 357–360 V What if...?, 16, 18, 22, 28, 30, 33, 55, 79, 86,
of quadratic functions, 613–616 90, 98, 104, 131, 176, 268, 276, 299, 331,
Transitive Property of Equality, 185 Values, excluded, 848, 858 344, 360, 362, 388, 400, 410, 416, 478, 532,
Translations, 357, S69 Van Dyk, Ernst, 107 560, 624, 632, 655, 881, 888
in the coordinate plane, S69 Variable(s), 6 Whole numbers, 34
of the graph of the square-root function, on both sides Width of a parabola, 613
799 modeling equations with, 99 Wildlife Refuge, 267
Transportation, 96, 118, 177, 207, 250, 257, solving equations with, 100–103 Wind turbines, 820
267, 300, 301, 331, 480, 827 solving inequalities with, 194–197 Winter Sports, 856
Transportation Link, 250, 480 dependent, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250 Winter Sports Link, 856
Trapezoids, S59 expressions and, 6–8
Work backward, S43
area of, S59 independent, 246–250
Write About It
Travel, 18, 36, 90, 104, 183, 274, 275, 304, solving for, 107–109
Write About It questions are found in every
315, 610, 855, 889, 890, 904 Variable relationships, model, 244
exercise set. Some examples: 9, 19, 24,
Travel Link, 315, 610, 890 Variation 29, 31
Tree diagram, Z5, 736 constant of, 326, 851
Writing Math, 6, 33, 55, 77, 102, 148, 168,
Trend lines, 265 direct, see Direct variation
237, 254, 334, 393, 452, 468, 485, 531, 687,
interpreting, 270 inverse, see Inverse variation
696, 767, 859
scatter plots and, 262–265 Venn diagram, 33
Writing Strategies, Write a Convincing
Trial, 713 Vertex Argument/Explanation, 381
Triangle(s), Z3, S59, S63 of absolute-value graphs, 366
acute, S63 of a cone, S64
of a parabola, 592
area of, Z4, 83, S61
classifying, S63 of a polyhedron, S64 X
equilateral, S63 axis of symmetry through, 598
isosceles, S63 finding the, 601 x-axis, Z7, 54
obtuse, S63 Vertical angles, S57 x-coordinate, 54
right, S63 Vertical line(s), 768, 859 x-intercept, 303
scalene, S63 Vertical-line test, 243 exploring, 628–629
Triangle Inequality, 209 Vertical method for multiplication of x-values, 236
Triathlon, 46 polynomials, 495

Teacher’s Edition Index A101

 Y
y-axis, Z7, 54
y-coordinate, 54
y-intercept, 303
y-values, 236
Yosemite Falls, 625

Z
Zero(s)
divided by a number, 21
division by, 21
exploring, 628–629
finding the axis of symmetry of a parabola
by using, 600
of a function, 599
properties of, 21
of quadratic functions, finding, from graphs,
599
Zero exponent, 446
Zero Product Property, 536, 630, 631, 635,
866, 872
Zero slope, 312

A102 Teacher’s Edition Index

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119 (bl), PhotoDisc/gettyimages; 121 (tr), Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy;
Getty Images; 476 (tr), © Jeff Hunter/Getty Images; 480 (tl), © Don Johnston/Stone/
125 (bl), PhotoDisc/gettyimages; 127 (tr), Spencer Platt/Getty Images/NewsCom; 129
Getty Images; 480 (bl), © Comstock, Inc.; 484 (tr), www.cartoonstock.com; 487
(cr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 131 (bl), PhotoDisc/gettyimages; 136 (cl), Jessica Hill/AP/Wide
(frame), ©1998 Image Farm Inc.; 487 (girls), Artville/Getty Images; 488 (bl),
World Photos; 136 (bl), PhotoDisc/gettyimages; 138 (tr), Terry Warner/
© Comstock, Inc.; 492 (tr), © Pat and Chuck Blackley; 496 (cr), Royalty-Free/Corbis;
www.cartoonstock.com; 142 (tr), © Rubberball Productions; 142 (bl), PhotoDisc/
498 (cl), PHILIPPE DESMAZES/AFP/Getty Images; 498 (tl), © Comstock, Inc.; 501 (tr),
gettyimages; 146 (tl), PhotoDisc/gettyimages; 146 (cr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 146 (bl, br),
Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy; 506 (tr), Molly Eckler–puzzle, photo by Victoria Smith/HRW;
© COMSTOCK, Inc.; 151 (cr), David Guttenfelder/AP/Wide World Photos; 162 (cr, b),

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Photo Chapter Seven TE wrap: Page 450 (tl), ©Hemera Technologies/Alamy Photos,
All Teacher-to-Teacher photos courtesy of the teachers. 450 (cl), Comstock/HRW Photo
Chapter One TE wrap: Page 2 (tl),
a107se_BM_S0164-S0165.indd S1Photodisc; (cl), HRW Photo Chapter Eight TE wrap: Page 513 (cl), (tl), Fotosearch 5/25/06 7:52:01 PM
Chapter Two TE wrap: Page 70 (tl), Victoria Smith/HRW, 70 (cl), Photo-objects/Fotosearch Chapter Nine TE wrap: Page 584 (cl), ©Royalty-Free/CORBIS, 584 (tr), ©Photodisc/gettyimages
Chapter Three TE wrap: Page 142 (tl), Rick Davis/Darkhouse and Fun Enthusiast, 142 (cl), Chapter Ten TE wrap: Page 650 (tl), HRW Photo, 650 (cl), David Young Wolf/Photoedit
Comstock/Fotosearch
Chapter Eleven TE wrap: Page 742 (tl), ©photolibrary.com/Index Stock Imagery, Inc., 742 (cl),
Chapter Four TE wrap: Page 212 (tl), Andy Christiansen/HRW, 212 (cl), www.Fotosearch. Victoria Smith/HRW Photo
com/Photodisc
Chapter Twelve TE wrap: Page 820 (tl), ©Brian Hagiwara/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images, 820
Chapter Five TE wrap: Page 296 (tl), Transtock Inc./Alamy, 296 (cl), Creatas/Punchstock.com (cl), M. C. Escher’s Wooden Ball with Fish © 2005 The M.C. Escher Company-Holland. All rights
Chapter Six TE wrap: Page 376 (tl), HRW Photo, 376 (cl), Comstock reserved. www.mcescher.com

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 506 (bl), © Ruggero Vanni/CORBIS; 507 (tl), © Comstock, Inc.; 508 (tl), © Comstock, Cummins/SuperStock; 820 (bl), © Brand X Pictures; 827 (bl), AP Photo/Gregory
Inc.; 508 (tr), SuperStock; 508 (b), Ryan McVay/PhotoDisc/Getty Images. Smith; 828 (bl), © Brand X Pictures; 830 (cr), Walker/PictureQuest; 830 (tl), © Brand
Chapter Eight: Page 520–521 (all), © Hugh Sitton/Getty Images; 523 Sam X Pictures; 830 (bc), AP Photo/Anna Branthwaite.
Dudgeon/HRW; 527 (tr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 527 (b), Brian Hagiwara/FoodPix; 528 Chapter Twelve: Page 846–847 (all), © Robert Daly/Stone/Getty Images; 849 Sam
(tr), Photo by Jolesch Photography. © 2004 Drum Corps International. All rights Dudgeon/HRW; 851 (tr), © RubberBall/Alamy; 853 (tl), MedioImages/Alamy; 856 (tl),
reserved.; 528 (tl), Photo by Jolesch Photography. © 2004 Drum Corps International. AP Photo/Robert F. Bukaty; 856 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 858 (tr), © Steve
All rights reserved.; 529 (t), © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 531 (tr), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; Hamblin/Alamy; 864 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 866 (tr), Gerald C. Kelley/Photo
532 (br, bc), Victoria Smith/HRW; 535 (tr), Tony Freeman/Photoedit; 536 (bl), Researchers, Inc.; 868 (bl), © Paul Barton/CORBIS; 869 (tl), © SuperStock; 871 (cl),
© Royalty-Free/Corbis; 537 (cr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 540 (tr), Travel-Shots/Alamy; AP Photo/Lou Krasky; 871 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 876 (tl), PhotoDisc/Getty
545 (cl), Composition 17, 1919 (oil on canvas) by Doesburg, Theo van (1883–1931) Images; 876 (br), AP Photo/Tyler Morning Telegraph, Tom Worner; 876 (sky),
© Haags Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, Netherlands/The Bridgeman Art Library PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 878 (tr), © Stock Connection Distribution / Alamy; 885 (tr),
Nationality/copyright status: Dutch/out of copyright; 547 (bl), Janine Wiedel Philippe Blondel/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 890 (tl), Photo Researchers, Inc.; 893 (tc),
Photolibrary/Alamy; 548 (tr), AP Photo/Peter Cosgrove; 551 (tl), © Stockbyte; AP Photo/Dolores Ochoa; 893 (tr), © Nigel Francis/Robert Harding/Alamy Photos;
553 (bl), © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 556 (tl), © Royalty-Free/Corbis; 556 (br), © Peter 898 (cl), AP Photo /NASA, Nick Galante, PMRF; 900 (tr), © Tom Stewart/CORBIS;
Adams/Getty Images; 558 (tr), © Lee Snider/Photo Images/CORBIS; 559 (cr), © Yann 904 (br), ON-PAGE CREDIT; 906 (b), © Dynamic Graphics Group/i2i/Alamy; 906
Arthus-Bertrand/CORBIS; 563 (tl), © Stockbyte; 566 (tr), © Robbie Jack/CORBIS; (movie screen), © Ralph Nelson/Imagine Entertainment/ZUMA/CORBIS; 920 (tr), Sam
570 (tl), © Stockbyte; 570 (cl), Sheila Terry/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Dudgeon/HRW; 920 (bl), © David Bergman/Corbis; 920 (bc), AP Photo/Al Behrman;
Inc.; 572 (tl), © Stockbyte; 572 (br), David Young Wolff/Photoedit; 584 (tr), Eric 921 (br), Bicycle Museum of America/New Bremen, Ohio/www.bicyclemuseum.com;
Horan; 584 (br), Eric Horan; 584 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 585 (tc), Courtesy 921 (tc), Courtesy of the Bicycle Museum of America.
Mike Brown/University of South Carolina; 585 (br), Mike Brown/University of South Student Handbook: S2 (tl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; S3 (br), Sam Dudgeon/HRW.
Carolina, University Publications; 585 (cr), John Sanford/Science Photo Library/Photo
Researchers, Inc.
Chapter Nine: Page 586–587 (all), © James Randklev/CORBIS; 590 (tr), Aflo Foto
Agency; 596 (bl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 599 (tr), Gary Crabbe/Alamy; 604 (bl), Gallery
Sand; 605 (tl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 606 (tr), © Michael S. Yamashita/CORBIS; 610 (tl),
AP Photo/Fabio Muzzi; 610 (bl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 613 (tr), © Craig Tuttle/CORBIS;
618 (bl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 620 (all), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 622 (tr), © MedioImages/
SuperStock; 624 (tr), © Digital Vision; 626 (cl), © Theo Allofs/CORBIS; 626 (bl),
PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 626 (bc), © COMSTOCK, Inc.; 630 (tr), Dynamic Graphics
Group/IT Stock Free/Alamy; 634 (cr), imagebroker/Alamy; 634 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty
Images; 634 (bc), © COMSTOCK, Inc.; 636 (t), © Gerald French/CORBIS; 640 (cl),
Loren Winters/Visuals Unlimited; 640 (bl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 640 (bc),
© COMSTOCK, Inc.; 645 (tr), The Garden Picture Library/Alamy; 650 (bl), PhotoDisc/
Getty Images; 650 (bl), © COMSTOCK, Inc.; 652 (tr), © Powerstock/SuperStock;
656 (bl), Comstock Images/Alamy; 659 (tl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 659 (tc),
© COMSTOCK, Inc.; 660 (tl), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 660 (tc), © COMSTOCK, Inc.;
660 (tr), Stuart Franklin/Getty Images; 660 (b), Robert Laberge/Getty Images.
Chapter Ten: Page 672–673 (all), Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures; 678 (tr), Victoria
Smith/HRW; 680 (all), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 687 (tr), © Tom Stewart/CORBIS; 691 (cl),
© Reuters/CORBIS; 694 (tr), AP Photo/Dave Martin; 696 (tr), Victoria Smith/HRW;
698 (cr), © Michael Prince/CORBIS; 707 (tl), © Bettmann/CORBIS; 710 (cr), Stuart
Franklin/Getty Images; 710 (bl), Stuart Franklin/Getty Images; 712 (tr), Sam Dudgeon/
HRW; 713 (tl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 713 (tc), United States Mint image;
713 (tc), United States Mint image; 713 (tr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 713 (c), United
States Mint image; 713 (c), United States Mint image; 713 (bc, br), Sam Dudgeon/
HRW; 716 (tl, tc), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 716 (penny), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 716
(dime), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 716 (nickel), PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 716 (bl),
PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 716 (bc), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 716 (br), Victoria Smith/HRW;
717 (bl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 718 (cr), © European Communities; 720 (tr), © Warren
Faidley/Weatherstock; 721 (bl), Aflo Foto Agency/Alamy; 722 (cr), Victoria Smith/HRW;
724 (bl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 727 (tl), David Young-Wolff/Alamy; 728 (tl), Peter
Van Steen/HRW; 728 (bl, bc), Victoria Smith/HRW; 729 (tr), Victoria Smith/HRW; 730
(cr), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 731 (bl), © Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc./CORBIS; 732 (tl), Sam
Dudgeon/HRW; 735 (all), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 736 (all), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 741 (cr),
Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 741 (cl), © Underwood & Underwood/CORBIS; 742 (tl), Sam
Dudgeon/HRW; 743 (tr), Foodcollection.com/Alamy; 743 (bl), © Comstock Images;
744 (tl), Sam Dudgeon/HRW; 744 (b), © Handout/Hasbro/Ray Stubblebine/Reuters/
CORBIS; 749 (cl), Courtesy of Blue Sky Studios/ZUMA Press; 760 (cr), Blair Seitz;
761 (br), AP Photo/John Heller; 761 (tr, bl), Tom Pawlesh.
Chapter Eleven: Page 762–763 (all), © age fotostock/Superstock; 766 (tr), Randy
Lincks/Masterfile; 770 (cl), Gregory Sams/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 777 (tl), Lucidio
Studio, Inc./Alamy; 781 (tr), © Wendy Stone/CORBIS; 786 (cr), Tom Goskar/Wessex
Archaeology Ltd.; 789 (tr), © Stan Liu/Icon SMI/ZUMA Press; 791 (tr), Stephen
Dalton/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 792 (cl), age fotostock; 796 (c), Laimute Druskis/
Stock Boston/IPN; 796 (bc), © D. Hurst/Alamy; 796 (br), © Brian Hagiwara/Brand X
Pictures/Alamy; 798 (tr), NASA; 802 (tl), AP Photo/Andy Eames; 802 (bl), © Brand X
Pictures; 805 (tr), Steve Gottlieb/PictureQuest; 809 (bl), © Brand X Pictures;
814 (bl), © Brand X Pictures; 816 (tr), ON-PAGE CREDIT; 820 (tl), © Richard

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