BOOM LAYOUT

∗
F = 7.50 KN
(Inc dynamic factor)

∗
M z = 2.25KNm
(Inc dynamic factor) F

∗ ∗
F z F y
3.30 m

Telescopic Beam

E
1.70 m

4.20 m

Main Beam \ Axes

Y Z

B
1.20 m Hydraulic Ram
A
Angle = 45o
X

Fig. 73.2
o
Layout of Telescopic Boom, When Extended and Raised 45 , Along with
Design Actions and Positions for Design Checks

Boom Layout for Design Example

Section Properties for the Two RHS Members
This is shown in Fig. 73.2.
The members chosen are a 200 x 100 x 5 RHS for
The telescopic beam slides inside the main beam the telescopic beam and a 250 x 150 x 6 RHS for
on plastic guides. These are provided on all four the main beam. Both are Grade C350 to AS1163
sides, to provide the necessary twist restraint. [8].

The ram for the telescopic beam is joined midway Their section properties and nominal capacities
between points D and E. It is assumed that the that are relevant to this design example are given
friction of the slides transfers the compressive in Table 73.1.
force from the telescopic beam to the main beam
at point C; this is also shown in Figure 73.2.

HERA Steel Design & Construction Bulletin Page 4 No. 73, April/May 2003
 Table 73.1
Section Properties and Nominal Capacities ∗ o
F y = F x sin 45 (Approx since on 10 slope)
Telescopic Beam - = 5.30 KN
200 x 100 x 5
-6 4 -6 4
Ix = 14.4 x 10 m Iy = 4.92 x 10 m ∗ o
F z = F x cos 45 (Approx since on 10 slope)
rx = 71.5 mm ry = 41.8 mm = 5.30 KN
-6 4
J = 12.1 x 10 m ∗
F x = F x sin 10 (Ground slopes downwards
kf = 0.925
in positive x direction)
= 1.30 KN
Ns = 911 kN
Mz = 36.0 kNm
Msx = 62.8 kNm Msy = 31.6 kNm R *y ,E = 15.6 KN (Find by taking moments
Vv x = 380 kN Vvy = 189 kN about point D)

Main Beam- 250 x 150 x 6 R *z, E = 5.30 KN

-6 4 -6 4
Ix = 38.4 x 10 m Iy = 17.5 x 10 m
rx = 92.0 mm ry = 62.2 mm
R *y ,D = -10.3 KN (F*
y - R *y ,E )
-6 4
J = 39.0 x 10 m
∗
kf = 0.907 M*x,E = F y x 3.30
= 17.5 KNm
Ns = 1433 kN
Mz = 83.0 kNm ∗
M*y ,E = F x x 3.30
Msx = 131 kNm Msy = 72.9 kNm
Vv x = 577 kN Vvy = 348 kN = 4.30 KNm

M*z,E = 2.25 KNm (design torsion; this is

Notes: applied at the end of the
1. The above are obtained from [4], except that the
nominal capacities for compression, moment and shear boom, in conjunction with
∗
are given in this table, rather than the design capacities. the applied load F which
This is because the alternative design method is being
used. That requires determination of nominal capacity,
is acting through the shear
to which a factor of safety, Ω, is then applied. Table centre of the beam)
P3.3 of [5] gives the required values of Ω, which are
repeated in Table 73.2. Vy* ,E = 5.30 KN
2. The nominal capacity equals the design capacity, as
given by [4], multiplied by (1/φ) or (1/0.9). Vx,* E = 1.30 KN

Table 73.2
Determination of Second-Order Effects
Alternative Design Method Factors of Safety (Ω)
Permissible Strength Factor Of Safety (Ω Ω)
In an elastic analysis to NZS 3404 Clause 4.4, the
For
first requirement is to determine the influence of
Bending 0.60
second-order effects. For the telescopic beam,
Shear 0.62
which is a sway member, this requires the
Axial Forces 0.60 calculation of the elastic buckling load, Noms.
Combined Actions 0.60
The elastic effective length factor for a sway
Note: These are the values from NZS 3404 Table P3.3 that
are relevant to this design example. member with a fixed base is given by NZS 3404
Fig. 4.8.3.2 case number 5, ie. ke = 2.2.
Design Check on Telescopic Beam
However, the telescopic beam is not fixed at point
Critical location for member capacity E, but is continuous past that point to D. It
therefore undergoes rotation at E due to the
This is, by inspection, at the right hand side of applied moment over length DE. This rotation will
point E. increase the deflection at point F.

Design actions in member To allow for this, the deflection at F due to

cantilever plus support rotation must be
Refer to the axes shown in Fig. 73.2 for the signs determined, then converted to an equivalent fixed-
of the forces.

HERA Steel Design & Construction Bulletin Page 5 No. 73, April/May 2003
ended cantilever length EF that would give the Calculation of elastic buckling load factors
same deflection at F. This is to Clause 4.9.2.3;

Cantilever deflection at F, excluding rotation at E Nomsx 409

ëcx = *
= = 77.2
N 5.30
PL3
υ = = 22.0 x 10 −3 m Nomsy
3EI 140
ëcy = *
= = 26.4
N 5.30
P = 5.30 kN
L = 3.30 m Consideration of second-order effects
E = 200 GPa
-6
Ix = 14.4 x 10 m
4 As λcx and λcy ≥ 10, from Clause 4.4.2.2.1 of [5]
second order effects on the telescopic beam
Slope at E member can be neglected.

Bending about the X-axis

M∗x, E 2L
èE = = 3.44 x 10− 3 radians (From
6EI Determining critical cross section along boom
th
Table 3, item 3e, page 103 of [7] or page 107, 6 for bending moment determination
edition)
This involves checking Clause 5.3.3.
M*x,E = 17.5 KNm
M* 17.5
L = 1.70 m At point E; = = 0.28
Msx,E 62.8
Total deflection at E
M* 39.8
At point B; = = 0.30
υ(total ) = υ + èE × 3.30 = 33.4 × 10−3 m Msx,B 131

Hence, in practice, both points need checking as

Equivalent beam length as fixed ended either could be critical.
cantilever
Section moment capacity at E
PL3eq
υ= ΩMSX,E = 0.6 x 62.8 = 37.7 kNm
3EIx Ω = 0.6, from Table 73.2
Msx = 62.8 kNm, from Table 73.1
υ 3EIx
Leq = 3 = 3.79m Member moment capacity for length EF
P
This is determined using Clause 5.6.2 of [5]. The
This equivalent length is then used for Noms segment EF is the relevant segment; this has
calculation in the x and y directions. constant cross section. The end at E has full twist
restraint from the support to the main member; the
Calculation of Nomsx and Nomsy end at F is unrestrained.

π 2 EI x   π 2EI 
N omx = = 409KN   π 2EI   
(k ex L ) 2
Moa,EF = Mo =   2 

y
GJ +  2 w    = 929KNm
L    L e   
-6 4 1   e 
Ix = 14.4 x 10 m (Eqn 5.6.1.1(4))
k ex = 2.2 (case 5, NZS 3404 Fig. 4.8.3.2;
-6 4
allows for curvature in main beam, Iy = 4.92 x 10 m
etc) Le = 3.30 m
L = 3.79 m k t = 1.0 (FU)
k l = 1.0 (Load applied above flange, but
π 2Ely this is taken into account by the
Nomy = = 140kN
(key L )2 torsion moment M*z )
k r = 1.0 (FU)
-6 4
Iy = 4.92 x 10 m
k ey = 2.2 G = 80 GPa
-6 4
L = 3.79 m J = 12.1 x 10 m
Iw = 0 (RHS member; see Clause 5.6.1.4)

HERA Steel Design & Construction Bulletin Page 6 No. 73, April/May 2003