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0.formation Evaluation-Introduction

Formation evaluation is the systematic recording of information about a well to assess formation characteristics. It aims to determine the presence, location, and amount of hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as fluid flow potential and recoverable reserves. Data is acquired on rock type, porosity, fluid saturation, fluid type, structure, and permeability. Well logs provide a continuous record of geophysical parameters along a borehole and are used by geologists, reservoir engineers, geophysicists, and production engineers. Logs identify lithology, porosity, saturation, and special properties and are classified by function including lithology, porosity, saturation, and special tools.

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Ashish Chaudhary
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52 views11 pages

0.formation Evaluation-Introduction

Formation evaluation is the systematic recording of information about a well to assess formation characteristics. It aims to determine the presence, location, and amount of hydrocarbon reservoirs, as well as fluid flow potential and recoverable reserves. Data is acquired on rock type, porosity, fluid saturation, fluid type, structure, and permeability. Well logs provide a continuous record of geophysical parameters along a borehole and are used by geologists, reservoir engineers, geophysicists, and production engineers. Logs identify lithology, porosity, saturation, and special properties and are classified by function including lithology, porosity, saturation, and special tools.

Uploaded by

Ashish Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Formation Evaluation

Introduction and classification


Formation Evaluation
Formation Evaluation is the systematic way of recording the information required
to evaluate formation Characteristics of a well being drilled.

Q Objective: To establish the existence of producible hydrocarbon reservoirs (oil &


gas).
Questions for Reservoir Engineers
LJ Presence of hydrocarbon (O&G) bearing formation?
O Location of potential reservoir?
LJ Amount of hydrocarbon in place ?

O Fluid flow potential?


LJ Recoverable reserves?
Formation Evaluation: Data Acquisition
Rock Type ( Sandstone, Carbonate, shales etc.)
Porosity
Fluid Saturation
Fluid Type ( Oil, water, gas)
Reservoir Structure
Permeability
Reservoir Pressure
Formation Evaluation: Different Methodology

Drill Direct and Indirect Methods


Stem
Testing Measure Direct Methods
Seismic ment * Mud logs
Survey While ¢
Cutting and Core Analysis
Drilling * DST and other methods
Indirect Methods
Formation Wireline Logging and other
Evaluation methods
Well @ Mud

e
Testing Logging
@
Wireline Coring
and Core
Logging
Analysis
Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, lIT(ISM) Dhanbad
What is a well log? (Wireline Logging)
LI The continuous recording of a Neutron Porosity

45 % -15
geophysical parameter along a Gamma Ray Depth, Resistivity Bulk Density

borehole produces a well log. a gAPI 150


ft
0.2 ohm.m 20 1.90 gem' 2.90
7,000
3
LI The value of the measurement Sha
e (
>
5
is plotted continuously against 1

depth in the well. Gas


7,100
Hydrocarbon

Sand G l

-7,200 Brine

Sha e

7,300 4
Fig: Example Hypothetical Log showing interpreted zones and fluids
Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Objectives of Well Logging
The Geologist The Reservoir Engineer:
¢
What depths are the formation tops? e
How thick is the pay zone?
¢
Is the environment suitable for e How homogeneous is the formation?
accumulation of hydrocarbon? e
What is the volume of hydrocarbon per cubic
¢
Evidence of hydrocarbons in this well? metre?
¢
What type of hydrocarbon? Are hydrocarbons present in commercial
LJ The Geophysicist: quantities?
e Will the well pay-out?
e
Are the tops where you predicted?
¢
Are the potential zones porous as you LJ The Production Engineer:
assumed from seismic data? e
Where should the production well be
¢
What does a synthetic seismic section placed?
show? What kind of production rate can be
The Drilling Engineer: expected?
Will there be any water production?
¢
What is the hole volume for cementing?
Is the potential pay zone hydraulically
e
Where can you get a good packer seat for isolated?
testing?
¢
Where is the best place to set a Whipstock?
Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Well Logging Application
LJ Identification: LJ Production:
Rock type ¢
Water flood feasibility
Identification of geological environments ¢
Reservoir quality mapping
Location of fluid contacts (e.g. gas/oil, ¢
Interzone fluid communication probability
gas/water and oil/water ¢
Reservoir fluid movement monitoring
contacts)
Fracture detection
LJ Estimation:
¢
Estimate of hydrocarbon in place
¢
Estimate of recoverable hydrocarbon
(reserve)
¢
Reservoir pressure
¢
Porosity/pore-size distribution

Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad


Classification of Well Logging ( For formation Evaluation )
LI Lithology and Permeability Logs Lithology Logs
°
* Gamma Ray Logging Identify permeable formations
*
Spontaneous Potential Logging ¢
Determine boundaries between permeable and non-
*
Caliper Log permeable formations
¢
Photoelectric Effect
¢
Provide lithology data for correlation with other wells

LI Porosity Logs LJ Porosity Logs:


*
Density
*
Provide accurate lithologic and porosity determination
¢
Neutron
¢
Provide data to distinguish between oil and gas
¢
Sonic (Acoustic)
*
Provide porosity data for water saturation determination

LJ Saturation (Resistivity) Logs LJ Saturation (Resistivity) Logs


*
Resistivity Logging
* Determine the thickness of a formation
¢
Induced current logs
¢
Provide an accurate value for true formation resistivity
*
Induction based logs
¢
Provide information for correlation purposes
¢
Micro-Resistivity Logging
*
Provide a quick indication hydrocarbon content and
production capacity
Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, lIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Classification of Well Logging ( For formation Evaluation )

Layered Geometry indication


*
Dipmeter
¢
Borehole Gravimeter
O Borehole Imaging
*
Resistivity Imager
¢
Ultrasonic Imaging
LI Special tools
¢
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
*
Dipole
¢
Electromagnetic propagation tool (EPT

Dr. Neetish Kumar Maurya, lIT(ISM) Dhanbad


ANKSCHEEN
125
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TAVTAPUCH

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BOLZIN MERCI

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