EIT-M

School of Architecture and urban planning

REPORT ON TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM

DANIEL NIGUSSE
Eit-m/ur/161809/2006,
Contents
1. Literature review of museum..............................................................................................................2
1.1. What is museum..........................................................................................................................2
1.2. History of museums.....................................................................................................................2
1.2.1. Early museums.....................................................................................................................2
1.2.2. Modern museums................................................................................................................3
1.3. Types of museums.......................................................................................................................3
1.4. GENERAL PLANNING....................................................................................................................4
1.4.1. Functional relationship........................................................................................................4
1.4.2. Massing concepts and expansion.........................................................................................5
1.5. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................7
2. International case study of German Museum of Technology..............................................................8
2.1. History.........................................................................................................................................9
2.2. Collections...................................................................................................................................9
2.2.1. Locomotives.........................................................................................................................9
2.2.2. Aircraft...............................................................................................................................10
2.2.3. Computers.........................................................................................................................10
2.3. Buildings....................................................................................................................................12
3. Need assessment and Site Selection......................................................................................................13
3.1. Need assessment............................................................................................................................13
3.2. Site selection...................................................................................................................................13
Chapter one

1. Literature review of museum

1.1. What is museum
According to Nufert the main concern of museums are collecting, documenting, preserving,
researching, interpreting and exhibiting some form of material evidence. According to
Wikipedia a museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and
other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance.

1.2. History of museums

1.2.1. Early museums
Early museums began as the private collections of wealthy individuals, families or institutions of
art and rare or curious natural objects and artifacts. These were often displayed in so-called
wonder rooms or cabinets of curiosities. One of the oldest museums known is Ennigaldi-
Nanna's museum, built by Princess Ennigaldi at the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The site
dates from c. 530 BCE, and contained artifacts from earlier Mesopotamian civilizations. Notably,
a clay drum label—written in three languages—was found at the site, referencing the history
and discovery of a museum item. (Wikipedia Museum history, 2019)

Fig 1.1 Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennigaldi-Nanna%27s_museum#/media/File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg )
While some of the oldest public museums in the world opened in Italy during the Renaissance,
like The Capitoline Museums, the oldest public collection of art in the world, began in 1471
when Pope Sixtus IV donated a group of important ancient sculptures to the people of Rome.
The majority of these significant museums in the world opened during the 18th century.
(Wikipedia Museum history, 2019)
1.2.2. Modern museums
Modern museums first emerged in western Europe, then spread into other parts of the world.
For instance In France, the first public museum was the Louvre Museum in Paris, opened in
1793 during the French Revolution, which enabled for the first time free access to the former
French royal collections for people of all stations and status.

1.3. Types of museums

There are different types of museums. According to Wikipedia there are about 65 types of
museum. Here are some of the most common museums:

Archaeology museums. They display archeological artifacts. They can be open-air museums or

they can exhibit items in a building.

Art museums. Also known as art galleries. They are spaces for showing art objects, most
commonly visual art objects as paintings, sculpture, photography, illustrations, drawings,
ceramics or metalwork. First publicly owned art museum in Europe was Amerbach-Cabinet in
Basel (Now Kunstmuseum Basel).

Encyclopedic museums. They are usually large institutions and they offer visitors a wide variety
of information on many themes, both local and global. They are not thematically defined nor
specialized.

Historic house museums. A house or a building turned into a museum for a variety of reasons,
most commonly because the person that lived in it was important or something important
happened in it. House is often equipped with furniture like it was in the time when it was used.
Visitors of the house learn through guides that tell story of the house and its inhabitants.

History museums. They collect objects and artifacts that tell a chronological story about
particular locality. Objects that are collected could be documents, artifacts, archeological
findings and other. They could be in a building, historic house or a historic site.

Living history museums. Type of a museum in which historic events are performed by actors to
immerse a viewer and show how certain events looked like or how some crafts were performed
because there is no other way to see them now because they are obsolete.

Maritime museums. Specialized museums for displaying maritime history, culture or

archaeology. Primarily archaeological maritime museums exhibit artifacts and preserved
shipwrecks recovered from bodies of water. Maritime history museums, show and educate the
public about humanity's maritime past.
Military and war museums. Museums specialized in military histories. Usually organized from a
point of view of a one nation and conflicts in which that country has taken part. They collect
and present weapons, uniforms, decorations, war technology and other objects.

Mobile museums. Museums that have no specific strict place of exhibiting. They could be
exhibited from a vehicle or they could move from museum to museum as guests. Also a name
for a parts of exhibitions of a museum that are sent to another museum.

Natural history museums. Usually display objects from nature like stuffed animals or pressed
plants. They educate about natural history, dinosaurs, zoology, oceanography, anthropology,
evolution, environmental issues, and more.

Open-air museums. Characteristic for exhibiting outdoors. Exhibitions consist of buildings that

recreate architecture from the past. First opened in Scandinavia near the end of the
19  century.
th

Pop-up museums. Nontraditional museum institutions. Made to last short and often relying on
visitors to provide museum objects and labels while professionals or institution only provide
theme. With that is constructed shared historical authority.

Science museums. Specialized for science and history of science. In the beginning they were
static displays of objects but now they are made so the visitors can participate and that way
better learn about different branches of science.

Technology museum is a museum devoted to applied science and technological developments.

Many museums are both a science museum and a technology museum

1.4. GENERAL PLANNING

1.4.1. Functional relationship
According to metric the relationships between functions are common to all museums and art
galleries. The flow diagram fig 1 shows collection item movements in the operation of collection
services, but note that not every operation necessarily requires a separate space, and some
services may be provided by outside agencies. As far as possible, collection movement and
public circulation should be kept separate.
Fig 1 A layout concept showing a clear relationship between museum functions and an
approach to zoning and expansion (Metric,1999)

Fig 2 Flow diagram of collection item movements (Metric,1999)

Fig 3 A possible layout diagram for a small museum(Metric,1999)

The above diagram shows a possible layout for a small museum in which interpretive
exhibitions and educational programs are central to its operation. Where a museum is to be
developed around a large-scale permanent installation this should be integrated into the
interpretive scheme at an early stage.
1.4.2. Massing concepts and expansion
Museums are long-term developments: concepts for layout and massing should therefore be
capable of expansion in all areas and a degree of internal rearrangement, particularly in work

and ancillary areas (Metric,1999).

Fig 4 shows possible massing concepts, and Fig 4 illustrates the three methods of expansion.
As in Metric (1999) explained, In any arrangement of exhibition spaces consider the problem of
orientation, at the entrance to the museum and at key decision points in the museum
information and visible clues should be provided to enable the visitor to grasp the organization
of the collections, the interpretive scheme, and the public services offered by the museum. Far
explained as the aim of orientation is not only easy understanding of the building layout but
more crucially to facilitate access to collections, information and museum services.
Fig 5 Genetic plans for exhibit and open-access storage areas: a Open plan; b Core + satellites; c
Linear procession; d Loop; e Complex: f Labyrinth, Metric (1999)
Note: A labyrinthine arrangement where the relationships between areas can be varied from
exhibition to exhibition by managing the public circulation, Fig 5 e.

1.5. Conclusion
The most thing to consider in designing a museum is you should aim to understand who your
target visitors are and what they want from the experience. The second point I have grasped is
you have to make the building a story teller, it should have a follow either by liner or circular or
other design orientation, it should have a follow from entrance to exit.
The third point is generally museums have two main purposes, and that those purposes are in
opposition to each other. On the one hand, preservation of artifacts is key. You have to
preserve the artifacts as much as possible this requires privacy, security, darkness and
immovability of the artifacts. On the other hand, most museums have a mission to make their
collections accessible to the public. This requires light, space, movement and activity. A
successful museum must serve both these purposes well.
Chapter Two- Case study

2. International case study of German Museum of Technology

Fig 2.1 Exterior construction, German Museum of Technology Berlin, Trebbinerstraße 9, 10963
Berlin, C. Kirchner, DTMB (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Museum_of_Technology#/media/
File:0106-01b_DTMB.jpg)
Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin (German Museum of Technology) in Berlin, Germany is a
museum of science and technology, and exhibits a large collection of historical technical
artifacts. The museum's main emphasis originally was on rail transport, but today it also
features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology. In 2003, it opened both maritime and
aviation exhibition halls in a newly built extension. The museum also contains a science center
called Spectrum.

2.1. History
The Museum of Traffic and Technology was founded in 1982 and assumed the tradition of the
Royal Museum of Traffic and Construction which was opened in the former Hamburger Bahnhof
station building in 1906. The present-day museum is located on the former freight yard
attached to the Anhalter Bahnhof in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin, including two historic
round houses and several office buildings.
Renamed Deutsches Technik museum in 1996, the exhibition area was gradually expanded. An
adjacent new building complex was inaugurated in 2003, topped by a prominent US Air Force
Douglas C- 47B "Raisin Bomber", which can be seen with ease from the top of the Fernsehturm
and formerly at Tempelhof Airport.

2.2. Collections
2.2.1. Locomotives
An extensive railway collection opened in 1987/88 in the rebuilt 19th century roundhouses of
the Anhalter Bahnhof locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) that had lain derelict for about 30
years. The 33 tracks illustrate the history of rail transport, including the deportations of Jews
and others by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the Holocaust. The exhibition also features a H0 scale
model of the Anhalter Bahnhof track installations.
Locomotives on display include:
Steam
- 17 008, a Prussian S 10, which has been sectioned.
- 50 001 of DRB Class 50
Others
- E 19 01, one of four members ofDRG Class E 19(1938)
- 118 075 of DR Class V 180
- V 200 018, ofDB Class V 200(1957)
- 202 003-0, one of threeHenschel-BBC DE2500prototypes (1971 or 1974)
Fig 2.2 Henschel-BBC DE2500 202-003
2.2.2. Aircraft
A large aviation section beside the C-47 houses numerous aircraft from the single Jeannin
Stahltaubeto a Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52 and an Arado Ar 79. The museum addresses the flight
enthusiasm of the early 20th century and its abuse in the German re-armament building up the
Luftwaffe, documented by a Arado Ar 96, a wrecked Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bomber and the
current restoration of a Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor as well as by one of three preserved
Messerschmitt Bf 110, a Flak cannon, and a V-1 flying bombbuilt by Mittelbau-
oraconcentration camp inmates at the Mittelwerk site. Post-war aircraft including aVFW-Fokker
614 and the Cessna 172P that Mathias Rustflew to the MoscowRed Square during the Cold War
have also been added to the exhibition.
The remains ofLancaster B III JA914 are displayed. This aircraft served with 57 Squadron as DX-
O. It was shot down over Berlin in September 1943 and crashed into a lake
oppositeZahrensdorf.
2.2.3. Computers
On 15 May 2002, a special exhibition opened which featured the inventions of computer
pioneer Konrad Zuse, including a replica of the Z1 and several other Zuse computers.
Fig 2.3 Zuse Z1 replica (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Museum_of_Technology#/media/
File:Zuse_Z1-2.jpg)
Fig 2.4 Punched cards in use in a Jacquard loom.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Museum_of_Technology#/media/
File:Deutsches_Technikmuseum_Berlin_February_2008_0013.JPG )

2.3. Buildings
The museum has two windmills (one German, one Dutch), a brewery, and a forge powered by a
water wheel.
Chapter three Site selection and analysis

3. Need assessment and Site Selection

3.1. Need assessment
Thera are four total museums I have found in google totally, Atse Yohannes IV Museum,
Martyrs' Monument Museum, Memorial Museum and Dejat Abriha Castle museum.
The monument is for the martyrs of the revolutionary fighters of the EPRDF. It is built on a very
large square of land. It has a museum, a monument and a Hall. It has also a wide open garden
with good scenery.

3.2. Site selection

I want to create technological effect on Qwiha by designing a technology museum that shows a
evolution of technology and latest creation in Tigray or even Ethiopia. This might help Ethiopia
or specifically Tigray to develop technologically and to have our creation and impact on
development of the country.
Qwiha site is selected because of
- land value (which could be easier to get for necessary needs of space for the design
rather than of the center of the city)
- To create integration between the sub city and the major city
- To affect technological effect on the sub city
- Because of the location of educational institution (Mekelle university) And Alulala
Abanega airport.
- Because of location of different industrial parks and Ashogoda windmills
- The site is reach in plants and vegetation
- The airport is located approximately 1900 m length in 249 degree from the site.
Chapter four design process

4. Design development
4.1. Program development
General key points

- satisfaction,
- commitment, and
- post-purchase intentions

Key points

- Flexibility
- Expansion of building on site

Major spaces

Educational Spaces

- Exhibit Areas
- Classrooms
- Breakout Areas
- Offices

Shared Spaces

- Food / Eating Area / Cafe

- Theater Space
- Green Spaces
- Outdoor Spaces

Community Spaces

- Meeting Rooms
- Offices
- Classrooms
- Research Areas

Support Spaces

- Parking
- Loading dock
- Exhibit Storage
- Custodial / Cleaning Area
- Circulation Spaces
- Mechanical Spaces
- Utility Spaces
Reference
Metric Handbook Planning and Design Data, 1999
Architctects data Nufert, 2000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum#History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z1_(computer)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennigaldi-Nanna%27s_museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Museum_of_Technology
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g1392610-d7396560-Reviews-
Martyr_s_Memorial_Monument-Mek_ele_Tigray_Region.html