Nitrogen Dinitrogen preparation (N2)

O [b] N O [c] 1 O 105° O

119 pm 115 pm 14
Basic character: NH3 > PH3 N N pm N N 130° N [a] In Laboratory Properties
[a] 186 pm
[d] 120 pm
Melting point: PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < NH3 113 pm colourless, odourless, tasteless & non toxic gas
117° O O 134° O NH 4 Cl + NaNO 2 → N 2 + 2H 2 O + NaCl
Boiling point: PH3 < AsH3 < NH3 < SbH3 < BiH3 ∆
Reducing character: NH3 < PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < BiH3
121 pm
[b] Thermal decomposition 6Li + N 2 → 2Li 3 N
∆
m Heat 3Mg + N 2 → Mg 3 N 2
O O pm 119p O (NH 4 ) 2 Cr2 O 7 → N 2 + 4H 2 O + Cr2 O 3
pm 151 O 773 K
Physical Properties O N 1 21 [f] N N 134° N 2 + 3H 2 → 2NH 3 ∆ P H = 46.1 kJ / mol
112° Ba(N 3 ) 2 → Ba + 3N 2
175 pm O O O ∆
[e] 135° N N 2 + O 2 → 2NO
• Melting: N < P < Bi < Sb < As point O
• Oxidation: Common oxidation State
states -3, +3 & +5
• Hydrides: MH3 (M=N, P, As, Bi, Sb)
• Oxides: They form M O , M O & M O
2 3 2 4 3 5
tio
n Occurence: All except radon occur in atmosphere.
(acidic character of oxides decreases ra Electronic configuration: ns2np6 except the configuration.
down the group)

ic Configu
Atomic radii: Increases down the group.
• Halides: They form EX & Ex 3 5
As Kr
Physical properties: Mono atomic, colourless, odourless and tasteless.
ns2np3 M.P. & B.P.: Low
• Reactivity towards metals: All form

Ne
P

Xe
Sb
primary compound i.e. -3 oxidation state.

n
ro
ct

He
N
Ele

Rd
Bi
dii
a

Ammonia
/Ionic R

Increases in
Colourless with pungent odour,
size down
soluble in water.
GROUP 15 GROUP 18
mic

the group
F F O
ELEMENTS ELEMENTS F
o

Co
t

F
A
F

m
po non
Xe Xe
Xe

Xe
un
pm N F F
1.1

ds
10
y

of
107° lp F F F
H H Square pyramidal
a

H
tion Enth

Linear Square planner

Decreases down
F
the group due to F F
gradual increase Xe Xe
za

in atomic size. F F
al Prope O O
mic
i

The P-Block
n

he rt Io O F
C ie Distorted octahedral
• Oxidation States XeO3
s

Se
dii
Elements
Pyramidal
O® –2, –1, 1, 2
Br
ion Cl
a

S, Se, Te® 2, 4, 6 t
/Ionic R

Te

Po® 2, 4 ra
u

Increases
Config

Oxides: EO2 & EO3

down
O

I
F
Both type of oxides
mic

the group
Po

are acidic in nature. ns2np6

o

nic
t

A
ro

Ele
ct Electronic Configuration
ns2np5
gy
GROUP 16 GROUP 17
r

Halides: EX6, EX4,

ion Ene

EX2 & E2X2

Decreases ELEMENTS ELEMENTS Atomic/Ionic radii
• Stability of halides down
Decreases down the group.
decreases in order Ch
zat

the group
F– > Cl– > Br– > I– Oxo-acids of Sulphur lo IE
ri Smallest in periods but increases from F to I.
ni

Io ne
O (C

Ch
l2 )

em
Preparation: MnO2 + 4HCl ¾® MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
sical Proper S S
y tie Decon's process: 4HCl + O2 ¾®

ica
2Cl2 + 2H2O
Hydrides Forms H2E Ph Preparation HO O HO O CuCl2

lp
O & S are HO
s

HO
B.P H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O Physical properties: Green yellow gas with purgent

ro
non metals, Se & Te ∆
2KCl 2 → 2KCl + 3O 2 Sulphurous acid Sulphuric acid

pe
metalloids whereas Po & suffocating odour.
Reducing power: H2Te > MnO 2

rti
is a metal Decreases
H2Se > H2S > H2O O O O

es
with increase Properties O
Acidic character:
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te
in atomic • 2Ca + O 2 → 2CaO S
S
S S • Oxidation state: F show –1 O.S, Cl, Br, I exihibit +1 to +7 O.S
number
M.P & B.P Increases
• 4Al + 3O 2 → 2AlO 3 O O O O
O O O • Reactivity towards hydrogen: H—F > H—Cl > H—Br> H—I
ty

down the group OH OH HO

E

le
vi V2 O 5 HO • Reactivity towards metals: MF > MCl > MBr > MI
•
ctr
2SO 2 + O 2 → 2SO 3
onegati
Peroxidisulphuric acid Pyrosulphuric acid