DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID LA UNION CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF LAW
San Fernando City, La Union

Course Outline in Credit Transactions

2nd Semester, SY 2021-2022

Introduction. The Concept of Credit

A. Credit, Debt and Security

B. Credit and Credit Transactions Defined, Republic Act No. 3765, Sec. 3. (2)
People v. Concepcion, G.R. No. L-19190, November 29, 1922, 44
Phil 126.
C. Commercial Credit Transactions, Code of Commerce, Art. 1 to 3

Loan

I. The Concept of Loan

A. General Concepts, Art. 1933, Art. 1305

1. Obligation to Deliver, Art. 1934
Garcia v. Thio, G.R. No. 154878, March 16, 2007, 518 SCRA 433.
2. Object of a Loan, Art. 1933, Art. 418
3. Consideration of a Loan, Art. 1933
4. Obligation to Return or Pay, Art. 1933, Art. 1232, Art. 1233
B. Contract To Loan, Art. 1934
Saura Import and Export Co. Inc. v. Development Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. L
24968, April 27, 1972, 44 SCRA 445.
BPI Investment Corporation v. Court of Appeals and ALS Management & Development
Corporation, G.R. No. 133632, February 15, 2002, 377 SCRA 117.
Pantaleon v. American Express International, Inc., G.R. No. 174269, August 25, 2010, 629
SCRA 276.

II. Commodatum

A. General Concepts, Art. 1933, Art. 1935, Art. 1939

1. Consideration in Commodatum
2. Object of Commodatum, Art. 1937, Art. 1936
Producers Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115324, February 19,
2003, 397 SCRA 651.
B. Parties to a Commodatum
1. Ownership by Bailor, Art. 1938, Art. 1933
2. Use by Bailee, Art. 1935, Art. 1940, Art. 1939
3. Solidary Liability of Bailees, Art. 1945
C. Liability for Expenses and Damages
1. Ordinary Expenses, Art. 1933, Art. 1935, Art. 1941, Art. 1943
Pajuyo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 146364, June 3, 2004, 430 SCRA 492. 2.
Extraordinary Expenses, Art. 1949
3. Other Expenses, Art. 1950
4. Abandonment by Bailor, Art. 1952
5. Right of Retention by Bailee, Art. 1944, Art. 1951
D. Liability for Loss, Art. 1933, Art. 1942
Republic v. Bagtas, G.R. No. L-17474, October 25, 1962, 6 SCRA 262.
E. Obligation to Return, Art. 1933, Art. 1946 to 1948
Quintos v. Beck, G.R. No. L-46240, November 3, 1939, 69 Phil 108.

III. Simple Loan

A. General Concepts, Art. 1933, Art. 1953, Art. 1954, Art. 1980, Act No. 2137, Sec. 58 "Fungible
goods"
People v. Puig and Porras, G.R. No. 173654-765, August 28, 2008, 563 SCRA 564.
BPI Family Bank v. Franco, G.R. No. 123498, November 23, 2007, 538 SCRA 184.

 B. Obligation to Pay, Art. 1955, Art. 1249, Art. 1250

C. Interest
1. Conventional Interest, Art. 1933, Art. 1956, Art. 1253, Art. 1958, Art. 1960, Art. 2154, Art. 1423,
Act No. 2655, Sec. 1, BSP Circular No. 799, series of 2013 effective July 1, 2013, Act No. 2655,
Sec. 7, Sec. 7-a (as inserted by P.D. No. 1684).
Frias v. San Diego-Sison, G.R. No. 155223, April 3, 2007, 520 SCRA 244.
Concepcion v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 122079, June 27, 1997, 274 SCRA 614.

Spouses Juico v. China Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 187678, April 10, 2013.
(Include Concurring Opinion)

Spouses Silos vs. PNB, GR No. 181045, July 2, 2014

2. Interest on Interest, Art. 1959, Art. 2212
3. Compensatory, Penalty or Indemnity Interest, Art. 1169, Art. 1226, Art. 2209, Art. 2213, Art.
2226, Art. 2227
Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97412, July 12, 1994, 234
SCRA 78 (Ratio Decidendi only)
Siga-an v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 173227, January 20, 2009, 576 SCRA 696. Ligutan v.
Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 138677, February 12, 2002, 376 SCRA 560.
Estores v. Spouses Supangan, G.R. No. 175139, April 18, 2012.
Nacar v. Gallery Frames and/or Bordey, G.R. No. 189871, August 13, 2013.
Lara’s Gift and Decors Inc. vs. Midtown Industrial inc., G.R. No. 225433,
August 28, 2019

4. Finance Charges, R. A. No. 3765, Sec. 4, Sec. 6

United Coconut Planters Bank v. Samuel and Beluso, G.R. No. 159912, August 17, 2007, 530
SCRA 567.
5. Usury
a. General Concepts, Art. 1175, Art. 1957, Art. 1961, Act No. 2655, Sec. 1, Sec. 1-a, Sec. 4- a,
Sec. 4-b, Sec. 5, Sec. 9-a, Central Bank Circular No. 905, Series of 1982, Sec. 1 Advocates
for Truth in Lending, Inc. and Olaguer v. Bangko Sentral Monetary Board, G.R. No.
192986, January 15, 2013.
b. Usurious Acts, Act No. 2655, Sec. 2 to 4
c. Remedies, Art. 1413, Act No. 2655, Sec. 6 to 10
1) Remedy of Debtor
2) Remedy of Creditor

Deposit

I. The Concept of Deposit

Art. 1962, Art. 1964, Art. 1967

II. Voluntary Deposit

A. General Concepts, Art. 1963, Art. 1968, Art. 1969, Art. 1965, Art. 1966, Art. 1995 Bank of the
Philippine Islands v. The Intermediate Appellate Court and Zshornack, G.R. No. L-66826
August 19, 1988, 164 SCRA 630.
Triple-V Food Services, Inc. v. Filipino Merchants Insurance Company, Inc., G.R. No.
160544, February 21, 2005.
B. Obligation to Safekeep
1. Way of the Deposit, Art. 1974 to 1978, Art. 1981, Art. 1982
CA Agro-Industrial Development Corporation v. Court of Appeals and Security Bank and
Trust Company, G.R. No. 90027, March 3, 1993, 219 SCRA 426.
The Roman Catholic Bishop of Jaro v. De La Pena, G.R. No. L-6913, November 21,
1913, 26 Phil 144.
2. Liability for Loss and Damage, Art. 1972, Art. 1973, Art. 1977, Art. 1978, Art. 1981, Art.
1979, Art. 1990, Art. 1993
a. Liability of Depositary
b. Liability of Depositor
3. Liability for Expenses, Art. 1992
C. Obligation to Return
1. By Whom and To Whom, Art. 1972, Art. 1970, Art. 1971, Art. 1984, Art. 1985, Art. 1212, Art.
1214, Art. 1986, Art. 1991
2. What to Return, Art. 1983, Art. 1896

 3. Where to Return, Art. 1987

4. When to Return, Art. 1988, Art. 1989
5. Right of Retention, Art. 1994

III. Necessary Deposit

A. General Concepts, Art. 1964, Art. 1967, Art. 1996, Art. 1966
B. Examples of Necessary Deposit
1. Compliance with a Legal Obligation, Art. 1996, Art. 1997
2. On the Occasion of a Calamity, Art. 1996, Art. 1997, Art. 2168
3. Passenger Baggage with Common Carriers, Art. 1754
4. Hotels or Inns, Art. 1998 to 2004
YHT Realty Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126780, February 17, 2005, 451
SCRA 638.

IV. Judicial Deposit

Art. 1964, Art. 2005 to 2009

V. Warehouse Receipts

A. General Concepts, Act No. 2137, Sec. 1 to 7

B. Obligations and Rights of a Warehouseman
1. Obligation to Deliver, Act No. 2137, Sec. 8 to 19, Sec. 36, Sec. 58
2. Liability for Goods, Sec. 20 to 26
3. Warehouseman’s Lien, Sec. 31 to 36
C. Negotiation and Transfer, Sec. 37 to Sec. 49
D. Criminal Liability, Sec. 50 to Sec. 55
E. General Bonded Warehouses, Act No. 3893, as amended
Philippine National Bank v. Se et al., G.R. No. 119231. April 18, 1996, 256 SCRA 380.

Security Transactions

I. The Concept of Security

A. General Concepts
1. Distinguished from Securities, R. A. No. 8799, Sec. 3.1
2. Distinguished from Securitization RA 9267
B. Events of Default
C. Kinds of Security Transactions
1. Personal Security Transactions
2. Real Security Transactions
3. In the Context of Insolvency, R.A. No. 10142, Sec. 4 (p) (ll) (kk) (jj) (qq) (pp) (t) II.

Letters of Credit

A. General Concepts, Code of Commerce, Art. 567, Art. 568, Art. 2

Transfield Philippines, Inc. v. Luzon Hydro Corporation Australia, et al., G.R. No. 146717,
November 22, 2004, 443 SCRA 307.
B. Kinds of Letters of Credit
1. Commercial Letters of Credit
2. Standby Letters of Credit
C. Rule of Strict Compliance
D. Independence Principle

III. Trust Receipts

A. General Concepts, P.D. No. 115, Sec. 3, Sec. 4

B. Form of Trust Receipts, Sec. 5, Sec. 6
C. Rights of Entruster, Sec. 7, Sec. 8
D. Obligations of Entrustee, Sec. 9 to 13
E. Rights of Purchaser, Sec. 11
Colinares & Veloso v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 90828, September 5, 2000, 339 SCRA 609.

 IV. Guaranty

A. General Concepts, Art. 2047, Art. 2048, Art. 2051

B. Form of Guaranty, Art. 2055, Art. 1403
C. Obligations Secured, Art. 2052 to 2054
D. Parties to a Guaranty, Art. 2056. Art. 2057, Art. 2049, Art. 2064, Art. 2065 E.
Benefit of Excussion, Art. 2058 to 2064, Art. 2081
Tupaz IV & Tupaz v. Court of Appeals & Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 145578,
November 18, 2005, 475 SCRA 398.
F. Right to Protection, Art. 2071
G. Right to Indemnification, Art. 2066, Art. 2050, Art. 1236, Art. 2069, Art. 2070, Art. 2072 H. Right
to Subrogation, Art. 2067, Art. 2050, Art. 1237, Art. 2068, Art. 2080 I. Rights of Co-Guarantors
1. Benefits of Division, Art. 2065, Art. 2078
2. Right to Reimbursement, Art. 2073 to 2075
J. Extinguishment and Right of Release, Art. 2076, Art. 2077, Art. 2079, Art. 2080 V. Surety

A. General Concepts, Art. 2047, Art. 1211, Art. 1216,Art. 2082 to 2084 B. Form
of Surety, Art. 1403
C. Obligations Secured, Art. 2053
Security Bank & Trust Company v. Cuenca, G.R. No. 138544. October 3, 2000, 341
SCRA 781.
D. Distinguished from Standby Letter of Credit
E. Distinguished from Guaranty, Art. 2047
Palmares v. Court of Appeals & M.B. Lending Corporation, G.R. No. 126490, March 31,
1998, 288 SCRA 422.
E. Zobel, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113931, May 6, 1998, 290 SCRA 1.
International Finance Corporation v. Imperial Textile Mills, Inc., G.R. No. 160324,
November 15, 2005, 475 SCRA 149.
Philippine Blooming Mills, Inc. & Ching v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142381, October 15,
2003, 413 SCRA 445.
F. Distinguished from Joint and Solidary Obligations, Art. 2047, Art. 2066, Art. 2067, Art. 1217 Escano &
Silos v. Ortigas, Jr., G. R. No. 151953, June 29, 2007, 526 SCRA 26.

VI. Pledge and Mortgage

A. General Concepts, Art. 2085, Art. 2087

B. Obligations Secured, Art. 2086, Art. 2052, Art. 209
C. Contract to Pledge or to Mortgage, Art. 2092
D. Remedies of Pledgee and Mortgagee
E. Indivisibility of a Pledge or Mortgage, Art. 2089, Art. 2090
F. Pactum Commissorium, Art. 2087, Art. 2088
1. Elements
2. Effect on Pledge or Mortgage
Development Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.118342, January 5,
1998, 284 SCRA 14.
Bustamante v. Rosel, G. R. No. 126800, November 29, 1999, 319 SCRA 413. Ong v.
Roban Lending Corporation, G.R. No. 172592, July 9, 2008, 557 SCRA 516. G. Equitable
Mortgage, Art. 1602 to 1605

VII. Pledge

A. General Concepts, Art. 2085, Art. 2087, Art. 2123

B. Form of Pledge, Art. 2096
C. Obligations Secured
D. Object of Pledge, Art. 2094, Art. 2095, Art. 416, Art. 417
E. Ownership of Collateral, Art. 2103, Art. 2102, Art. 2101, Art. 1951, Art. 2108, Art. 2112, Art. 2097
Estate of Litton v. Mendoza & Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49120, June 30, 1988, 163 SCRA 246.
F. Rights of Third Party Pledgor, Art. 2120, Art. 2117, Art. 2066 to 2070, Art. 2079 to 2081 G. Right
to Possession, Art. 2093, Art. 2110
1. Right of Retention, Art. 2098, Art. 2109, Art. 2099, Art. 2100, Art. 2104, Art. 2106 2.
Right to Payment, Art. 2102, Art. 2118
Manila Banking Corporation v. Teodoro, Jr. and Teodoro, G.R. No. 53955, January 13,
1989, 169 SCRA 95. (Include Concurring Opinion)
Chu v. Court of Appeals et al. G.R. No. L-78519, September 26, 1989.

 Citibank, N.A. & Investors Finance Corporation v. Sabeniano, G.R. No. 156132, October 12,
2006, 504 SCRA 378.
H. Return of Collateral, Art. 2105, Art. 2107, Art. 2108, Art. 2110, Art. 2111 I.
Foreclosure of Pledge, Art. 2112, Art. 2119
1. Who May Bid, Art. 2113, Art. 2114
2. Effect of Notarial Sale
a. Extinction of Principal Obligation, Art. 2115, Art. 2116
b. Right of Redemption
Paray & Espeleta v. Rodriguez, et al., G.R. No. 132287, January 24, 2006, 479 SCRA 571. c.
Right to Surplus or Deficiency, Art. 2115
J. Legal Pledges, Art. 2121
1. Examples of Legal Pledges, Art. 1944, Art. 1951, Art. 1994, Art. 2004, Art. 546, Art. 1731 2.
Foreclosure of Legal Pledge, Art. 2122, Art. 2121

VIII. Chattel Mortgage

A. General Concepts, Art. 2085, Art. 2087, Art. 2140, Art. 2141
PCI Leasing & Finance, Inc. v. Trojan Metal Industries Inc., et al., G.R. No. 176381,
December 15, 2010, 638 SCRA 615.
B. Form of Chattel Mortgage, Act No. 1508, Sec. 4 to 6
C. Obligations Secured, Act No. 1508, Sec. 5
ACME Shoe, Rubber & Plastic Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103576, August 22,
1996, 260 SCRA 714.
D. Object of Chattel Mortgage, Art. 2124, Art. 416, Art. 417, Act No. 1508, Sec. 2 Makati Leasing &
Finance Corporation v. Wearever Textile Mills, Inc. & Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-58469,
May 16, 1983, 122 SCRA 296.
1. Reasonable Description Rule, Act No. 1508, Sec. 7
2. After Acquired Properties, Act No. 1508, Sec. 7
E. Ownership of Collateral
Dy v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 92989, July 8, 1991, 198 SCRA 826.
F. Foreclosure of Chattel Mortgage, Act No. 1508, Sec. 8, Sec. 14, A.M. No. 99-10-05-0 1. Equity
of Redemption, Act No. 1508, Sec. 13, Sec. 14
2. Right of Redemption
Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation v. Royal Cargo Corporation, G.R. No. 179756,
October 2, 2009, 602 SCRA 545.
3. Right to Possession
Servicewide Specialists, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110048, November 19,
1999, 318 SCRA 493.
4. Right to Surplus or Deficiency, Act No. 1508, Sec. 14
PAMECA Wood Treatment Plant, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106435, July 14,
1999, 310 SCRA 281.

IX. Real Estate Mortgage

A. General Concepts, Art. 2085, 2087

B. Form of Real Estate Mortgage, Art. 2125, Art. 2131
C. Obligations Secured
Prudential Bank v. Alviar & Alviar, G.R. No. 150197, July 28, 2005, 464 SCRA 353. D.
Object of Real Estate Mortgage, Art. 2124, 415
1. After Acquired Properties
People’s Bank & Trust Company & Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. of Manila v. Dahican
Lumber Company, et al., G.R. No. L-17500, May 16, 1967, 20 SCRA 84.
2. Effect and Extent, Art. 2126, Art. 2127, Art. 2129
Star Two (SPV-AMC), Inc. v. Paper City Corp. of the Phil. , G.R. No. 169211, March 06,
2013.
E. Right to Alienate Real Estate Mortgage Credit, Art. 2128, Art. 1625, Art. 1627 F. Right
to Alienate Collateral, Art. 2085, Art. 2130
Garcia v. Villar, G.R. No. 158891, June 27, 2012.
G. Foreclosure of Real Estate Mortgage
1. Judicial Foreclosure
a. Complaint for Foreclosure, Rules of Court, Rule 68, Sec. 1
b. Judgment on Foreclosure, Rules of Court, Rule 68, Sec. 2
Korea Exchange Bank v. Filkor Business Integrated, Inc., et al., G.R. No. 138292, April 10,
2002, 380 SCRA 381.
c. Equity of Redemption, Rules of Court, Rule 68, Sec. 2

 d. Foreclosure Sale, Rules of Court, Rule 68, Sec. 3 to 5, Sec. 7, Sec. 8, Rule 39, Sec. 31,
Sec. 32, Sec. 34
e. Right of Redemption
Huerta Alba Resort, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128567, September 1, 2000, 339
SCRA 534
f. Right to Surplus or Deficiency, Rules of Court, Rule 68, Sec. 4, Sec. 6, Rule 86,
Sec. 7 2. Extrajudicial Foreclosure
a. Special Powers, Act No. 3135, Sec. 1
b. Foreclosure Sale, Act No. 3135, Sec. 2, A.M. No. 99-10-05-0, as amended 1)
Requirement of Notice
Grand Farms, Inc. & Philippine Shares Corporation v. Court of Appeals, et al.,
G.R. No. 91779, February 7, 1991, 193 SCRA 748.
2) Conduct of Sale, Act No. 3135, Sec. 4, Sec. 5, A.M. No. 99-10-05-0
Spouses Rabat v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 158755, June 18, 2012. c.
Right of Redemption, Act No. 3135, Sec. 6, A.M. No. 99-10-05-0
Goldenway Merchandising Corporation v. Equitable PCIBAnk, G.R. No. 195540,
March 13, 2013.
1) Who may Redeem, Act No. 3135, Sec. 6, Rules of Court, Rule 39, Sec. 27 Medida,
et al. v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 98334, May 8, 1992, 208 SCRA 887
2) How to Redeem, Rules of Court, Rule 39, Sec. 28, Sec. 29, Sec. 30, Sec. 33
Spouses Yap v. Spouses Dy, et al., G.R. No. 171991 and 171868, July 27, 2011. d. Right to
Deficiency, Rules of Court, Rule 86, Sec. 7
Heirs of the Late Spouses Maglasang v. Manila Banking Corporation, G.R. No.
171206, September 23, 2013.
e. Right to Surplus
Suico v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 170215, August 28, 2007, 531 SCRA 514. f.
Right to Possession
1) During Redemption Period, Act No. 3135, Sec. 7 to 9
2) After Consolidation of Ownership, Rules of Court, Rule 39, Sec. 33
Chu, et al. v. Lacqui & Philippine Bank of Communications, G.R. No. 169190,
February 11, 2010.
3) When Held by a Third Party, Rules of Court, Rule 39, Sec. 33, Sec. 16
BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc. v. Golden Power Diesel Sales Center, Inc., G.R. No.
176019, January 12, 2011, 639 SCRA 405.
Nagtalon v. United Coconut Planters Bank, G.R. No. 172504, July 31, 2013. X.

Antichresis

A. General Concepts, Art. 2132, Art. 2133, Art. 2135, Art. 2138, Art. 2139, Art. 2085, Art. 2089, Art. 2090,
Art. 2091
B. Form of Antichresis, Art. 2134
C. Right of Retention, Art. 2136
D. Foreclosure of Antichresis, Art. 2137
Diego v. Fernando, G.R. No. L-15128, August 25, 1960, 109 Phil 143.

Insolvency

I. The Concept of Insolvency

Art. 2236, Art. 2237, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 2, Sec. 4, Sec. 146 to Sec. 148
A. Nature of Insolvency Proceedings, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 3, Sec. 7, Sec. 6 B. Civil and Criminal
Liability in Insolvency Proceedings, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 10, Sec. 145 II. Concurrence &
Preference of Credits

A. General Concepts, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 62, Sec. 133

B. Classification of Credits
1. Special Preferred Credits, Art. 2241, Art. 2242, R.A. No. 10142, Sec. 136, Art. 2243, Art.
2246 to 2250
De Barreto, et al. v. Villanueva, et al., G.R. No. L-14938, January 28, 1961, 1 SCRA 288,
Resolution on Motion to Consider, December 29, 1962, 6 SCRA 929.
Development Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126200, August 16, 2001, 363
SCRA 307.
J.L. Bernardo Construction v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105827, January 31, 2000, 324
SCRA 24.
2. Ordinary Preferred Credits, Art. 2244, P. D. No. 442, Art. 110, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 133,
Art. 2251

 3. Common Credits, Art. 2245, Art. 2251

Cordova v. Reyes Daway Lim Bernardo Lindo Rosales Law Offices, et. al, G.R. No.
146555, July 3, 2007, 526 SCRA 300.

III. Suspension of Payments

A. General Concepts, R.A. No. 10142, Sec. 2, Sec. 94. Sec. 95

1. Automatic Stay, Sec. 96
2. Suspension Order, Sec. 96
3. Injunction Against Debtor, Sec. 95
B. Commissioner, Sec. 95, Sec. 97
C. Creditors’ Meeting, Sec. 97, Sec. 99, Sec. 100
D. Proposed Agreement, Sec. 94, Sec. 101, Sec. 102
E. Treatment of Claims, Sec. 96, Sec. 98, Sec. 101
1. Secured Creditor Claims
2. Exempt Claims
3. Excluded Claims

IV. Rehabilitation

A. General Concepts, R.A. No. 10142, Sec. 2

B. Court-Supervised Rehabilitation
1. Voluntary Proceedings, Sec. 12
2. Involuntary Proceedings, Sec. 13, Sec. 14
3. Provisions Common to Voluntary and Involuntary Rehabilitation Proceedings a.
Commencement Order, Sec. 15 to 17, Sec. 19, Sec. 21
b. Stay or Suspension Order, Sec. 16, Sec. 20
1) General Concepts
Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R.
No. 74851, December 9, 1999, 320 SCRA 279.
Sobrejuanite v. ASB Development Corporation, G.R. No. 165675, September 30,
2005, 471 SCRA 763.
Town and Country Enterprises, Inc. v. Quisumbing et al., G.R. No. 173610,
October 01, 2012.
2) Exceptions to Stay or Suspension Order, Sec. 18, Sec. 16
Metropolitan Waterworks & Sewerage System v. Daway and Maynilad Water
Services, Inc., G.R. No. 160732, June 21, 2004, 432 SCRA 559.
Panlilio, et al. v. Regional Trial Court, Branch 51, City of Manila, G.R. No.
173846, February 2, 2011, 641 SCRA 438.
c. Subsequent Actions, Sec. 22, Sec. 24 to 27
d. Rehabilitation Receiver
1) General Concepts, Sec. 28 to 30, Sec. 32 to 35, Sec. 40
2) Powers, Duties and Responsibilities, Sec. 47, Sec. 24, Sec. 31, Sec. 39, Sec. 41 e.
Creditors’ Committees, Sec. 42, Sec. 43, Sec. 8, Sec. 9
f. Management Committee, Sec. 47, Sec. 36 to 38
g. Claims, Sec. 4(c)
1) Determination of Claims, Sec. 16, Sec. 44 to 46
2) Treatment of Claims
a) Secured Creditor Claims, Sec. 60, Sec. 61
b) Employee Claims, Sec. 56, Sec. 16
c) Excluded Claims, Sec. 23
h. Treatment of Assets, Sec. 47
1) Unencumbered Assets, Sec. 48, Sec. 49, Sec. 52
2) Encumbered Assets, Sec. 17, Sec. 50, Sec. 51, Sec. 53
i. Treatment of Contracts
1) Confirmation or Termination of Contracts, Sec. 57, Sec. 16
2) Avoidance Proceedings, Sec. 58, Sec. 59
j. Rehabilitation Plan
1) General Concepts, Sec. 62, Sec. 54, Sec. 55
2) Cram Down Effect, Sec. 63 to 73
Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Securities & Exchange Commission, et al., G.R. No.
164641, December 20, 2007, 541 SCRA 294.
Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Sarabia Manor Hotel Corp., G.R. No.
175844, July 29, 2013

 k. Termination of Proceedings, Sec. 74, Sec. 75

l. Conversion to Liquidation Proceedings, Sec. 92
C. Pre-negotiated Rehabilitation, Sec. 76 to 82, Sec. 92
D. Out-of-Court Rehabilitation, Sec. 83, Sec. 84.
1. General Concepts
2. Benefits of Out-of-Court Rehabilitation, Sec. 85 to 89

V. Liquidation

A. General Concepts, Art. 2238 to 2240, R.A. No. 10142, Sec. 2, Sec. 4 B.
Liquidation of Insolvent Individual Debtor
1. Voluntary Liquidation, R. A. No. 10142, Sec. 103, Sec. 104
2. Involuntary Liquidation
a. Acts of Insolvency, Sec. 105
b. Show Cause Order; Injunction; Default, Sec. 106, Sec. 107
c. Absent Individual Debtor, Sec. 108
d. Custody of Property; Sale of Property, Sec. 109, Sec. 110
C. Liquidation of Insolvent Juridical Debtors, Sec.
93 1. Voluntary Liquidation, Sec. 90
2. Involuntary Liquidation
D. Provisions Common to Liquidation of Individual and Juridical Debtors, Sec. 111 1.
Liquidation Order, Sec. 112, Sec. 113
2. Liquidator
a. General Concepts, Sec. 115 to 118, Sec. 29, Sec. 120, Sec. 122
b. Powers, Duties and Responsibilities, Sec. 119, Sec. 113, Sec. 123, Sec. 126, Sec. 129,
Sec. 131, Sec. 132, Sec. 121
3. Claims, Sec. 4(c)
a. Determination of Claims, Sec. 112, Sec. 123 to 126
b. Treatment of Claims
1) Secured Creditor Claims, Sec. 113, Sec. 114
Consuelo Metal Corporation, v. Planters Development Bank & Maningas, G.R. No.
152580, June 26, 2008, 555 SCRA 465.
Yngson v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 171132, August 15, 2012 2)
Unsecured Creditor Claims, Sec. 123, Sec. 113
4. Treatment of Contracts
a. Termination or Breach of Contracts, Sec. 113
b. Avoidance Proceedings, Sec. 127, Sec. 58, Sec. 128
5. Liquidation Plan, Sec. 129 to 133
6. Termination of Proceedings, Sec. 121, Sec. 134, Sec. 135
E. Ancillary Proceedings
1. Securities Market Participant, Sec. 136
2. Banks and Other Financial Institutions Under Rehabilitation Receivership Pursuant to a
State-funded or State-mandated Insurance System, Sec. 137, Sec. 138 3. Cross-Border
Insolvency Proceedings, Sec. 139 to 142