9

INDUSTRIAL ARTS:
CARPENTRY
(ENTREPRENEURSHIP)
Learner’s Material

This instructional material was collaboratively

developed and reviewed by educators from public and
private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
Technology & Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Industrial Arts: Carpentry - (Entrepreneurship)
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2014

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC

Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D.

Development Team of the Learner’s Material
Consultant: Rosendo R. Rafael, Howard Mark N. Plete
and Clodualdo V. Paiton
Authors: Antonio Blanco Jr. and Roderick C. Verano
Editors: Lando T. Guzman
Reviewers: Edgar Salcedo, Dr. Fely Manuel, Joel Castillo, Arnel Anonical,
Romeo Vicmudo, Allan Mazon, Dr. Orly Manuel
and Merham Abelardo
Illustrators:
Subject Specialists: Albert Erni, James Julius M. Liquigan,
Owen S. Milambiling

Management Team: Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR Andaya,

Bella O. Mariñas and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr.

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat

(DepEd-IMCS)
Office Address: 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
Philippines 1600
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 Table of Contents

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies ........................................... 1

What to Know ....................................................................................... 1
What to Process .................................................................................... 2
What to Reflect On and Understand ................................................. 4
What to Transfer................................................................................... 5
Post-assessmentt................................................................................... 6

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET........................................................8

What to Know ...................................................................................... 8
What to Process .................................................................................. 11
What to Reflect On and Understand .............................................. 11
What to Transfer ................................................................................ 12
Post-Test .............................................................................................. 14
 PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES (PECS)

WHAT TO KNOW

IMPORTANT ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:

1. Hard work: A lot of time and energy is necessary for the success of your
business. If you are determined to run your own business, you must
concentrate more on your work either as a producer or as a seller.

2. Self- Confidence: You must have strong faith in your ability despite the
problems that you will encounter along the way.
3. Future-Oriented: Once you enter in a line of business, you must
understand that you are in a non-stop contract that an entrepreneur should
understand. It may take several years to build up a business to a
reasonable standard. The goal for most successful business people is to
build a secure job and stable income for themselves based on their own
ability.

4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business, obviously, you
are looking for income because you know that this will be your bread and
butter not only for you but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it
that the business can generate income. Another plan of action is to expand
your own business through the use of your generated income.

5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You must have an

advanced preparation for your business. You must set a long-term goal for
the activities that are needed, an extensive preparation for the production
process and procedures that you need to go through to acquire human and
non-human resources. Everything in your business will have to be set
clearly, organized, and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.

6. Persistence: As an entrepreneur, you need this drive to continue to do

something or try to do something.

7. Copes with Failure: Learn from your mistakes. As an entrepreneur, you

must learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures. Turn these into
productive learning experiences.

8. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback: You must be concerned to

know how well you are doing and keep track of your performance. You must
obtain useful feedback and advice from others.

9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You

must put yourself in a position where you personally are responsible for the
failure or success of your business.

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 10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and
recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It will help your business grow.

11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing and using logical, step-
by-step plans to reach the goals, or offering evaluation alternatives,
monitoring progress, and switching to successful strategies for the goal you
want to achieve. To be a successful entrepreneur you must take into
consideration that sales and production depend on your own standards.

12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a successful

entrepreneur. You should know how to handle unusual events that may
happen in the business which include problems in managing the workers,
problems on the delivery of goods and services, and the problems on demand
and production. You must be patient in dealing with these uncertainties.

13. Committed: You should know that in your business, personal needs,
attachment to your friends, families and relatives are set aside. You must
separate the money for your business from the amount that you need to
spend for your personal obligations and your lifestyle.

14. Builds on Strengths: Successful business people base their work on

strengths. Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or
services, knowledge in trade and industry, ability to make and use of a wide
network of contacts to build your business.

15. Reliable and has Integrity: As an entrepreneur, you must build a good
reputation, possess the courage to do the right thing, do what you say, walk
your talk, be loyal, and be fair in dealing with the subordinates and
customers.

16. Risk-Taker: Risks sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes

happen, consider these as challenges, work them out and set good
alternatives. Risks may result to loss of your business or even bankruptcy.

WHAT TO PROCESS

ACTIVITY 1: ALIGNING ONE’S PECS

DIRECTIONS: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that best
describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find ways on how to
align them according to the personal entrepreneurial characteristics of an
entrepreneur which were discussed earlier. Write your answers in the activity
sheet provided.

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 Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized

Independent Confident Strong–minded Risk taker

Competent Trustworthy Optimistic Passionate

Flexible Sensitive Committed Dynamic

Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable

Knowledgeable Persevering Decisive Courteous Observant

Example: My PECs

Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits, characteristics and
skills that you need to possess in order to become a successful entrepreneur.

Things to do to align with the

My PECs My Simple Definition PECs of a successful
entrepreneur
1. Creative
2. Organized
3. Competent
4. Observant

My PECs that need further improvement

Directions: At the center of the street are arrows where positive and negative
characteristics and traits are written. Pick the positive PECs that you
are already strong at, and write them down on the blank arrows on
the left side. PECs written on the arrows at the right side are the
negative characteristics that need to further improved.

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 WHAT TO REFLECT ON AND UNDERSTAND

Strengthening your Identified PECs

Guides on how to strengthen your own PECs:

1. React positively to criticisms and be open to feedback.

2. Always demonstrate a positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.
3. Always project a strong and well-balanced behavior.
4. Always exercise the assertive style in your work environment.
5. Avoid being too passive and being too aggressive.
6. Consider negative comments as challenges in improving your business.
7. Prioritize your business goals rather than personal goals in order to become a
successful entrepreneur.
8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work
environment.
9. Be responsible for everything you do in your business.
10. Always observe entrepreneurial ethics in putting up a business.

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ACTIVITY 1: MY TECHNIQUES TO STRENGTHEN MY PECS

DIRECTIONS: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques on how you
would strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you feel that
you still need to strengthen.
Example:
Self-confidence

WHAT TO TRANSFER

PREPARATION OF AN ACTION PLAN

CULMINATING ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS: Examine yourself once again. Make a short list of PECs that you
need to strengthen. From this activity, prepare an action plan that requires further
development. You may opt to follow the suggested format below. You may improve
or change it as long as it suits your own plan of action.

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 SAMPLE ACTION PLAN

Specific Purpose Statement: Developing self-confidence in furniture and

sash factory business.
(Or any business related to Civil Technology)

Measures Reward/
of Actions Recognit
Focus Current Time
Success Require ion
Area Situation Goal Frame
d
My PECs I need to -To -Achieve -Selling -During -Earns
develop my exercise 100% finished culminati expected
undefined my own completion products ng income
characteris PECs of derived activities -
-tics during developme from -After Outstandi
necessary selling and nt of my culminati learning ng
for my producing own PECs ng the performan
business. products/ through activities principles ce in
such as: services selling and in any of , selling
Furniture -To production chosen theories, and
and Sash become of career. processes promoting
factory. proficient products, - and of products
in my proper Particip any and
chosen manner ate chosen services.
skill. when in skills career.
dealing competiti
with on
people. sponsore
d by
NGO,
and GO

POST ASSESSMENT

MATCHING TYPE

DIRECTIONS: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the
correct definition of terms listed in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

2. Self-confident b. Interest in money generation.
3. Profit-oriented c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s
4. Goal-oriented self.
5. Persistent d. Working diligently and industriously.
6. Responsive e. Being able to listen to the advice of
7. Willing to listen others.
8. Committed f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice

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 9. Reliable and has integrity from others.
10. Risk-taker g. Being patient and strives to achieve
the goal.
h. Ability to take measured or calculated
risks.
i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.
j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s
life.
k. Set aside things from the others

MULTIPLE CHOICE

DIRECTIONS: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial

characteristics. Answer each question by writing the letter of your
choice in your assignment notebook or in the provided answer
sheet.

Mr. Antonio Cinco opens up his own furniture and sash factory
business. He knows that his personal entrepreneurial characteristics are
insufficient to ensure a successful operation of the business that he has in
mind. Your answers to the questions below will help him in developing his
PECs.

1. What PECs must he possess if there are customers who complain about the
quality of his product?
A. Hardworking C. Trustworthy
B. Patience D. Versatile

2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an

entrepreneur?
A. Copes with failure C. Opportunity seeker
B. Dependent D. Persistent

3. If he wants to ensure a profitable business, what characteristic will he

maintain?
A. Commitment C. Goal-oriented
B. Futuristic D. Profit oriented

4. Mr. Cinco follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if he intends to

open a furniture and sash factory business. What PECs has been demonstrated
by Mr. Cinco?
A. Open to feedback C. Reliable
B. Persistent D. Self-confidence

5. He tells his best friend that he has strong will and does not give up finding a
solution to a business problem. What PEC has been demonstrated by Mr. Cinco?
A. Hard work C. Risk taking
B. Persistence D. Self-confidence

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 ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET

WHAT TO KNOW

NEEDS AND WANTS OF PEOPLE

Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have
different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things that
every individual cannot do without in a society.
These include:
1. Basic commodities for consumption,
2. Clothing and other personal belongings,
3. Shelter, sanitation and health, and
4. Education and relaxation.

Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to live
with dignity and pride in the community. Focusing on these needs can help
generate business ideas.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an
expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered over and above the basic
necessities of life. Some examples are fashion accessories, designer shoes and
clothes; traveling around the world; eating in an exclusive restaurant; watching
movies, concerts and plays; having luxurious cars; wearing expensive jewelry and
perfume; living in impressive homes; and others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business
that you may engage into because some other points that you might consider in
business undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture
and tradition, and social orientation.

GENERATING IDEAS FOR BUSINESS

Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.

1. Examine the existing goods and services.

Are you satisfied with the product? What do other people, who use the
product, say about it? How can it be improved? Are there still other ways of
improving a product from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold? You
can also improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you can
introduce new ways of using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to
the customers’ needs. When you are improving the product or enhancing it, you are
doing an innovation. You can also do an invention by introducing an entirely new
product to replace the old one. Business ideas may also be generated by examining
what goods and services are sold outside of the community. Very often, these
products are sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.

2. Examine the present and future needs.

Look and listen to what the customers say or the institution and
communities are missing in terms of goods and services. Sometimes, these needs
are already obvious and felt at the moment. Other needs are not that obvious
because they can only be felt in the future, in the event of certain developments in
the community. For example, a town will have its electrification facility in the next

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six months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think of electrically-
powered or generated business such as photocopier, computer service and digital
printing.

3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied.

Needs for the products and services are referred to as market demand. To
satisfy these needs is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of
the market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or
services and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses,
establishments, organizations, or government agencies. There is a very good
business opportunity when there is absolutely no supply to a pressing market
demand. Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services such as
selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.

4. Examine the available resources around you.

Observe what materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A
business can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw forms
and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For example,
in a copra-producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available
as “waste” products. These can be collected and made into coco rags/doormat and
charcoal bricks and sold profitably outside the community. A group of people in
your neighborhood may have some special skills that can be harnessed for
business. For example, women in the Mountain Province possess loom weaving
skills that have been passed on from one generation to the next generation. Some
communities there set up weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as
decorative items and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowland
communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience you
may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and ICT classes will
provide you with business opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will
earn for you extra income, should you decide to engage in income-generating
activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around with various things in
your spare time. Many products were invented this way.

5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new

products and techniques or advances in technology.
You can pick up new business ideas from reading materials such as
Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials,
Small- industry Journal and other publications. The Internet serves as a library
where you may browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on
how to put the right product in the right place, at the right price and at the right
time. A listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be available
from banks or local non-government organizations.

SELECTING THE RIGHT IDEA

Once you have embarked on identifying the business opportunities, you will
eventually see that there are many possibilities that are available for you. It is very
unlikely that you will have enough resources to pursue all of them at once. Which
one will you choose?

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 You have to select the most promising one from among hundred and one
ideas. It will be good to do these in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas
to narrow them down to about five choices. In the next stage, trim down the five
choices to two options. In the final stage, choose between the two and decide
which business idea worth pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following factors:

1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?

2. How big is the demand for the product? How many people need this
product and will continue to need it for a long time?
3. How is the demand being met? Who are producing the products to meet
the need? How much of the need is now being met (current level of supply)?
4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this particular
business?
5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable
government regulations?
6. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
7. Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones
from among your many ideas are worth examining further and worth
pursuing.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identify the needs of

the people, to niche for your business mission, and to give attention to trends and
issues. This may also serve as an evaluation of the type of the entrepreneurial
activity appropriate in the community.

Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering, analyzing, and

dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental
scanning process entails obtaining both factual and subjective information on the
business environments in which a company is operating.

Environment in the community can be viewed according to its technological,

political, economic, and social aspects. Some people in a community do not use
computers but with the transmission of development in terms of technology they
look forward for changes to satisfy their needs and wants.

As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind of

advancement and progression of your environment particularly in technology so as
to secure the success of your future business. Always think of something new,
something novel, authentic, reinvent the existing ones, and create your new version
of goods/products, and services. For instance, your own hair straightening is
herbal, while in the other salons it is made of synthetic chemicals. This kind of
changes being made will affect the existing principles in business and industries
that can be easily adapted to the changes in producing the products/services to
meet the needs and wants of people in the community.

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 WHAT TO PROCESS

In generating business ideas, you should first identify what type of business
is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential
environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your competitors,
analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the Threats (SWOT) in
your environment to ensure that the products/goods and services you are planning
to offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your target markets/consumers.

Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT analysis

 Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when

conducting SWOT analysis.
 SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is today,
and where it could be in the future.
 SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any gray areas.
 Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better than or
worse than your competition.
 Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis
 SWOT is subjective.

WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND

People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new issues.
For this reason, an entrepreneur must quickly respond.

As generations come and go, another set of new trends will come or will
exist. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the business environment, the
existing industries need to improve their products and services. But how can you
generate business ideas with those strong competitors? There are three main sets
of decisions that you need to make - what to produce, how to produce, and how to
share or sell out the product to the market.

ACTIVITY 1: MINI SURVEY

Directions: Conduct a mini survey in your immediate community. Gather

pertinent data on the population across age bracket as suggested in the matrix
below. Opposite each age group, indicate their probable needs and wants.

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 Age Bracket Population Needs Wants
Example: 35 Toys, coloring books, Wooden toys, glossy
pajama coloring books,
5 years old and fashionable pajama
below
6- 10 years old
11-15 years old
16-20 years old
21-25 years old
26-35 years old
35-45 years old
46-55 years old
56-65 years old
66 and above

ACTIVITY 2 SCREENING BUSINESS IDEAS

Directions: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the probable
business opportunities which you may wish to venture in. Remember to consider
the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson 3. Use the suggested matrix below
to indicate your choice. Write your answers in your notebook.

Example: Wooden toys

Positive Factors Negative Factors

Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats

WHAT TO TRANSFER

Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test your ability to
generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes, start studying the sample
vicinity map of a community with a population of two thousand people. A new
housing project will be constructed adjacent to Daang Hari St, close to Old Molino
St., its main road. This housing project targets the homeowners who are young
couples with two kids.

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 In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to the
generation of a probable business. Your answers to these questions will
serve as the bases in formulating your own business ideas.

1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?

2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
3. Which products or services would appeal to your target
consumers/markets?
4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business
opportunity?

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 POST-ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET

MULTIPLE CHOICE

DIRECTIONS: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.

1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:

a. Clothing c. Recreation
b. Food d. Shelter

2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her business?
a. Access of the target customers
b. The attractiveness of the shop layout
c. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
d. Types of merchandise

3. Tony plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

following will help him determine a successful plan for setting up his
business?
a. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
b. Conduct a SWOT analysis
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Survey of consumer associations

4. John Paul studies the population in his immediate community. He is doing

this to –
a. determine whom to sell his product or service.
b. identify his would be “suki”.
c. predict his biggest buyer.
d. select his favorite customers.

5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter a product to make it more

appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an -------- of the product.
a. alteration c. innovation
b. improvisation d. invention

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