NOM CA 5 wae, 29) 4, 298 C.H5.. 00d, Date ute the relationstilp hetween thrust and premure : CHS. DO) mt : Tones pase A i: 1 paca pe BSL. DE, 5, Date puscal is defined as the pressure exerted by | N 7 yee a sesh iermnabe z Si mat Sita iM e ON) i ede ee preseare i fe Mis The wheels of an army tank rest on a steel belt. Give reason. On Why an army tank weighing more than a thousand tonne rots upon a cuntimucus chin ; weight of tank rewte exerted by armny tank om the ground is given by, P= sm (CBSE BL, 25 Since ates of steel belt is more than the area of the wheels of the mak, 60 tank exerts lew fore Hence, the ground under the tank does not sink under the weight of the tankfe, the Pressure acting, 5. Therefor nea the weight of the train.“ 3 arg of the grou UME Why are railway tracks laid on JArRe me aan pane reduced. This prevents # nd over HABE he a sea and hence Tess pressure i EREFIE On the pr over a large area s weight Baa mot BO he was om 0 So Gt the ° : rentied to sink wader i Hence, the bu " He Which yeill exert more pressure, 100 ki mass co ? 2 Give reason. (CBSE. 2011, 2014 2 100 Nm? (Pa) Ans, Pressure exerted by 100 kg, Py = ‘ _ mg _ 50kB* = 12:5 Nm? Pa) Pressure exerted by 50 kg, P2 = a Thus, Py > Pe : (C.B.S.E. 2011, 201 gC Explain, why a track or a motor bus has much wider tyres? IS, Zing the-surface of road or ground and hen. Ans. The weight of truck or motor bus spreads over large arca On inder them di ‘i iy pressure is exerted by truck or a motor bus on the road. ‘Therefore, the ground Se sink. . A ‘hevwi foe the sttcoacot < "earned Wolk ently smd but Lis elie Tec usa 1277005 7 Sn thea a camel is much heavier than a man”. BSE. ay Ans. Refer Article 3.5.3. é A A Sharp knite is more effective than a blunt knife. Why ? Or Cutting and piercing tools are made sharp. Give reason. 8 ‘Ans. Pressure (P = F/A) exerted by sharp knife on an object is more than the pressure exerted by a blunt knife. Therein sharp knife is more effective in euiting the object than a blunt knife. Mae see) Formula used P =FIA i “Units: Fin N, A in m? and P in Nm (0 x 3 ‘ Find pressure, when a thrust of 20 N is applied on a surface are q (C.B.S.E. 2011, 208} Sol. Here, F = 20N, A = 10cm? = 10 x 104 m? = 103m?Feri. of side 10cm Is kept on a horizontal table, If density af irom Find the pressure on the portion of the table, where the (CHS. 2012) = 103 cam! % 8000 ke ar = 10° mm?» 8000 ky m°? » 8 ky we face of cube, A= side” = 100 cm? = 10°? wy? cube. ga ot F mg 8 kp =t0 me? a ca A A eg rn p= pests (Golem? = 1N) suca! lock of miss 2 ky with each ald of 2 em is fying on the er calculate (he pressure exerted by the block on the ground, A, Mass the Dlocky mt = 2 te Wait ofthe block, W = Ig = kg X 98 ms? = 196kg ms = 19-6 N, IN) kg ms = 002m sie of cubes the lower face of the cube, A = a? = 002m x 0:02 m= 4 x ot sep 2- Force Using Ps prea pn ON 8 49 10!Na Tarte = 4-9 x 10" Pa. (Ce Nm? = 1Pa The pressure exerted by the weight of a cubleal block of side 3 em on he surface Is 5 Pa, Calculate the weight (or force) of the block. Pp =5Pa=5Nm7 Here, Pressure, sep 1. Side of cube, a = 3 em = 3 = 003 m ‘Area of the cube,A = a? = 0:03 m x 0-03 m= 9 x 104m? Step 2. Using, F =P x A= SNm? x9 x 104m? _ "ous, weight of the block = 45 * 104 N A rectangular iron block of mass 10 ky Is placed on the cop of tables The dimensions of the block are 20 em x 10.¢m x 8 cin. Find the pressure exerted by the block on the iF the block Hes on thex 10cm and (i) 10 em ions (0) 20m = sate wn te of SC eae 2 TO 10 ms? Fea, What do 3° a (similar C-B-S-B- 2012, 2014, 29,» m= 10K8 avorocks IOS ype? = 10088 an penne Welt oF ag ies on he table ith its sides of dimension, (When Owen. oem = Went fave a ine Pm = 200 x 104 m? = 2x 102 gp 100N 2x10 m? = 200% co? m) Force table, P= “Aron Pressure exerted on th = 5,000 Nm nyt we lok es on ne ale wit 8 of dimensions 10 ey ee x 5.cim, then x ‘Area = 10 cm » Som = SO.cmm” z eit = 50 x (07 my? = 90x 104m? = 5 x 107g? , px Forse = Welt _100N “Pressure exerted on the ble. P= “reg ~~ Area 5x10 2m A ie = 20,000 Nav? bl From this example, we learn that the effect of thrust (force acting ese perpendicular the satface) om small area i large and the effect ofthe plac samme thrust om large area is stall. ki /’’ pressure of 1000 Pa acts on a surface of area 15 em* by a block of / mass ‘m’. Calculate ‘nm’, Also calculate the new pressure exerted by 6 AD the same block if the area of contact with the surface becomes 10 cm’, ona s (C.B.S.E. 2016) side Sol Here, pressure, P = 1000 Pa = 1000 Nm“? &= C3 = , i Area, A = 15cm? = 15 x (10m)? = 15 x 104 a? area, Ay = 10cm? = 10 x (107m)? Eades = 10 x 10m? = 10° n? What is a salled fi Stop 1. Pressure, P m 15. x 102 N qty = 15 x 102 cia ps emA me eG LN = hg ms) ‘ X10? hg = O15 ky Step 2.New pressure, Py = me AL A_ DLS Kg 10 m 9 10m -m and (i) 10, eo 10msi * 5.2003 2014 a = 1300 kg m s/n? = 1300 Nim? = 1900 Pa Tet Ce Lea mar cd jon weighs 0 ka. The area under one fot of dhe person Is 180 ev, Fad A exerted on the ground by the person. (g = 10 ms") re i “ {Ans. 3:33 i0* Pap arcing pin is pushed agaist a wooden table witha force of 10. Calenlate + i pressure exerted DY the pin at a point on the table, if area of the point is oo [Ans. 10° Pa} 10N ides of dimension, git we pressure exerted Py a block of 100 N if surface area income i * sah (C.B.S.E. 2015) ss [Ans. 40 Pal a pressure of 100 Pa acts on a surface of area 15 cm* by a block of mass “m’. * culate value of “". C. 2015) (Ans. 15 g] hock of wood of mass 6 kg and dimensions 50 cm x 30 em % 20 cm is jp. Find the pressure exerted if the block lies on the table rust (force pced on a table 10 d the effect of the tp wih sides of dimensions : (a) 50 cm * 30 em, (b) 30 em % 20 cm (C.B.S.E, 2015) (Ans. (a) 400 Pa, (b) 1000 Pal ad toa é block of wood of mass 5 kg and dimensions 40 em 20 em 10 emis placed cnet aed ‘aa uble top. Find the pressure exerted if the block Ties on the table top with é imensions. (a) 40 cm x 20 em, (b) 40 cm x 10 cm. Take, (C.B.S.E. 201 sides of dimensi 7 ei -10ms — (C.B.S.E. 2017) (Ans. (a) 6.25 x 10* Pa(b) 12.5 = 10° Pa} x 104 mi? ihtisa Fluid 2 : A substance which can flow under the action of external force is ‘shifuid, Since liquids and gases can flow, so they are known as fluids. fils Le. liquids and gases enclosed in a container exert pressure in all directions ‘ete walls of the container as shown in figure 15. i Bas Law ‘pet French. physicist. and mathematician. Blaise Pascal gave « law regarding ‘crresure exerted by a fluid enclosed in a container. According 1 this law : oe applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion eid and the walls af the containing vessel.” This fact is shown in figure 16.re at r decreases hd Whales have (ope air in the bladder decreases the average densit a AF ser. To dive into the sea, they force a © go the bladder. Now the density of the Water hence it sinks inn Thy 5 water a ition OF Balloons. When the ballon is filled with hydrogen 845, the density of we, jaan becomes less than the density or imospheric air. The weight of the ee oc ecomes 1eSS than the ipthrugr 9° Pwoyant force acting on ix Hens. the er 2 9 floats in the: air. x Ss, pe of rg floats in Water, the weight of water displaced by the immersed 16 of tie iceberg is equal to the Weight of the iceberg. Let V, be the volume of Meng and Pi, is the density of iceberg. The weight of iceberg, 5 Vip a 8 be the volume of the iceberg immersed in water Of density p, Then the f water displaces 2P2B (2) x eeberg is at rest, therefore, eqn. (1) = eqn, (2) ah Vat = Vipig My (Density of ice = 917 kg m-3 Density of sea water = 1024 kgm) bes fraction of iceberg immersed in water = 0-896 x 100 = 89-6 % ~ 90% gaze, fraction of iceberg above the surface of water = 100-99 10% 1x, avery small portion of iceberg is seen above sea water Lise Ue Ca NYI Ney Each Question Carries 1 Mark / Uefive upthrust or buoyant force. The upward force exerted by a liquid on a body which is immersed in the liqui (C.B.S.E. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2016) force. id is known as upthrust or buoyant Gawaten 477 re TT2010, 2011, 2013, 2, CBS Js. 4 sahil he body 18 ramen, sce He ine tig I 4 al onaity 1 sta che feces on wed MF ) De . (CWS. 2911, 01,» hes (0 Site or. vohurna Of DoH orces v8 0 sr force 1n WHE Vertically 4p, iy celeron te 10 BEE et FO put Pry 1 When an object i imme : ection. Io ts direction 7 ject in the Jn it. What ia, co Welaht of ob es (cn ee “BS jection saced vy un once sa 2 ald ie ay 4 Name the force exper 7 C.B, shen released (C.B,S.E, ay, shrust or Buoyant Force, IC CI ¢ the surfac 5 water is greMler Than the yy f é at acting on ne 2 ene nee ect of weight 200 NV fs Howtig ican obi \k ‘ 200 N. TE nas Magninde of buoyant force v= weight af De object = 200 FHoats or sinks when placed on the surface of wy,, "A Fxplain the factors whiett determing whether an object (CBSE. ry) ¢ water : wi Volume of the object and (i) density of the poate cual. (05.8. + Naan te force ncting on a body, when i is fllY OF partially sm ) ns, _ Buoyant force ject fs acting from ‘ # ace 3 be the dlireetion of buoyant force when s4PPO%e ane weight of an obi (CBse my south in the fluid ? ies Aim rom south 1 north as buoyant ‘force acts oppose to the direeson of the eee hes . JC A body of weight 20 N floats half submerged in a iquid. What is the buoyant force gle (CBS.E. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2 Li, State Archimedes’ principle, Ans, , Refer Article 3.8, ME Write the relationship between buoyant force acting on an object and weight of the liquid displaced by i (C.B,S.E. 2010, 20 Aus, Buoyant force = weight of liquid displaced by the object 13. State the physical expression relating weight of the body in the liquid, actual weight of the body in air m the weight of the liquid displaced by the body. (C.B.S.E. 2011, 12 actual weight of the body ~ weight of the liquid displaced by the body Ans. Weight of a body in a liquid 54 Give any two examples where Archimedes’ principle is applied, (C.B.S.E. 2011, 7 Or List two applications of Archimedes’ principle, (C.B,S.E, 2012, 2016, 2 Ans. Archimedes’ principle lied in des ¢ i A Bah, aa ee is applic Bien ® Ships and submarines and (/i) lactometer used for vesting y State the principle on wid working of hydrometty is based. (CBSE Ans, Archimedes’ principle. For staterient Refer Art, 3,8, 178. DINESH Super Sinpited Phyyscn- ix ae a eee arenaes 0 8 Hl SKS HH HEE Hw Sond WS a Ho arene thar the 9 CEM on seta? UthNvat fw i (CMS, JOLT, 2013, 2015, 2016, ail sinks ine raven, On the over isk Smee vn wey gtk sie On the on 9 me. {HM Wehaht of the eevk Hh «ass HEAR SHC Mtn le Hidde Wydvoqen tation i greater than ie weg of the Wydeowen balioum. So i geet of cane W fe HNMEPWEG LW alt OF stems peek ce 18 Fg " Ye te oF MAI FHC AECTUE OM The Ojo due wo Hiquit Hetilate the tnagnitaile of heioymat fore acting “ = Weight of liquid disptacedt displaced % y Ce W gy = Volume of Wily * dlomslty of fiquidl = Veg ws, rival Forve slepenKls UPA (A the Vohune of the immersed portion: af the object und (ly denniey of de ‘ vis OF Tuk aw otveet by hnmerved In different liquids, th ywme buoyant force wets on the object due to all tpsids 7 (CBSE. 2011) wy Hoos, Thrasint fewce ACHING FAN Object de Uo @ liquid Is directly proportional 10 the density of de liquid. Since pameow Hks Mhwve UTEEDK Hint, a6 different huayant frees aot Om the Olyject due to different lei seis apes 6 wisponited With an fron stein, ‘The length of the string inerenses (Le. stehng bv stretched. Now the Stan sphere Is completely loumorsed in water and (hw Increase in length of the string decrenses. gaat why? (C.B.S.B. 2081) « fongtt of the string, inereaies due to the Weight of the suspended iron sphere, When the sphere is immersed in caiot, buoyant Foree due to water act on the sphere in the upward direction, Now, the net force (or weight) sciuyg of Iho STFA = aCKHAL Weight OF the sphere = buoyant foree acting on it. Since the net force acting om the cong decreas atx! Nenice the extension of the siring also decreases Iwo blocks, one of tron and ather of Wood are immorsed in water at the same depth. YUL both come wqvard 2 Why? (C,B.S.E. 2081) wooden block will come upward, This Is becanse upthrust of water on the wooden block is greater than. its woebt. 10 other words, density of wood is less (han the density of water and density of iron is greater tham the cenuity of water * Low has greater density than iron and both are denser than water, Is the buoyant force om @ hued object +f reader than ov lesser than or equal to the buoyant force on an Lren object of the same volune * Explain your answer glving reason, (CBSE. 2011) fooyant force on an object depends upon (1) the volume of the object and (42) densiay of the tigiet im which the rject 1s tmumersed, Sine volume of both objects is same and both are immersed in water, therefore, buoyant Fre ott lead object is equal to the buoyant foree on Iron object. J A.sbip is loaded’ in sea water to maximum capacity, What Will happen if Us ship i unoved to river water 2 Why? (CBSE 2010 When ship i¢ moved to river water from nea Water, then upthrust acting. on the ship decreases because density ‘iiver water is less than the density of xea Water, Hence, the net weight of the ship will be more in river “olet thant 10 sea water. Hence, more portion of the ship will be inside the river Water, Geaviaen 179e yghter when © IC Why do we fel Ve 4 CBSs, ie a ravitational force equal 10 OUT weighr i, aie the upward direction. Hence, g. © aah weight. Therelore, We feel jg ™ a pot. we feel When so jurap Inro-a srhinening Poel two forces acts 08 OUT Ans, When we swim in water 107N A © 04 can? = OL % 104 me? = 10% mi? F 9:99! pa de ua Now Peps or i= Sa PR 136%10" «9:8 = 0007 m= 70cm Density + Density of a substance is defined as the mass per unis volume the substance, Jf be the mass and V be the volume of the substance, then density of Be substance is given by q M P* Volume ¥ Units of Density @ 1n CGS system, unit of density is granvem? (g env). (i) In Si, unit of density is kilogram/myotre® (ky mv") Relation between gem” and kg m™ Agen? = 10°? kg x (0? m* = 10 kg or’ = 1000 kgMass of ostece ! Votoms of A sie | Veto of nee Mas of wae Veit _ Masa mime | Votes of xm: a 2 res vole of eiecaee = Voom od ma oC ‘The ge. 2) becomes 5 = _ Mass of aay volume of tee saberamee pene my Of 2 me of am exp vole of was = Tn, rebacive density of a maibsionce is defined as the ratio of tee me ‘volte of the subreiamice to the mats Of am expaci volume of wter = —— Siece sams of aay subsaace is Gixectly proper © mS wag tee substaace cas 2iso be Geficed 25 = ‘Weighs of any volume of the sobsance (ha SRS = — Wats of an equal vole of weet ‘Weig of an exe vole of wate sega te sap of was Sv pmensed substance. So according t0 Archimedc's prmcipie. wee’ of ==Relative density The valves of densities and relative densities of 20% sabia the table | ‘Table 1 ; Densities and Relative densities of some substances iia) Nien at amaianceOoneny conn) Rate Senay \ Ne 129. = 428% 10% ‘z “Woes ‘0 4 oe 4 oo 920 : utr 4 water 000 +00 5 Glycorine 1260 128 e Glass 2500, 25 ‘ a ‘Numinium. 7100, 270 a fon 790 10 a Siver 10500” 4 1050 “10. Mercury 43600 360 v. Gos 19320 1992 Physical meaning of relative density Relative density of a substance is a number of times the giv heavier than the equal volume of water. When we say that the Fe silver = 10°5, it means, silver is 10-5 times heavier than equal volume of water Lewes Pisa Tass Aci ediL ska laas TYPE QUESTIONS Question Carr ME Define density. Give ST unit of density. (C.B.S.E, 2011, 2012, 2014, 285 mass cj ‘Ans. Density of an object is defined as mass per unit volume of the object. That is, densit volume _ Sensity is kg/m? (kg mr). Zo Define relative density of a substance. (C.B.S.E. 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2 AL. {tis defined as the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of water. _AF Wh the relative density of a substance is Tess than 1, will it float or sink im water ? Support your sv (Density of water = 1000 kg/m’). (C.BS.E.M8 Der ‘Ans, Relative density of substance = Peay .cl aa, Density of water As rolaive density of substance is less than 1, s0 density of substance is Tess than the density oF Wiss vex the substance will float in water. (AC Relative density of aluminium is 2°7, Explain this statement, (Similar C.B.S.E. 2% ‘Ans. Aluminium is 2:7 times heavier than the equal volume of water. 184, DINESH Super Simplified Physics-1Xoti ote felt 4 ee 118.79 8 com) * alr, Wr, sity = 79 pcm? ~ a bs th ven pesky = 728 7.5% tito Be censity ot in if pelative density of gotd is 49.3, mee fers he wy e density of wy. BEM F x > peasity Of Bold = Retative densi, of StF 61000 Kime, (CBSE. 2165 y fold x hati y dermty Of water = 9 (CBSE. 2018, 20, tora ae Ty 3» 1000 beim oon 20%, 2084, 2017) % 4 ORT ANSWER EEE if is pensity = Tfvokin oes Fata: volume of body becomes halt i nak sece d Is previous y times its previous value ‘volume, then it ® A trey Formala used :@ p = & GORD. = —Aensity of substance density of water a 4°C | “D) mass of substance of any volume mass of water of same volume at4"C J¥\ ‘Weight of solid in air Sin dds ~ Loss of weight of solid in water Las ‘mis measured in g or kg, V in em? ce m, pingem™ or kg Gi) RD. = 3 A sealed tin of Coca-cola of 400 g has a volume of 300 cm. Caleulate the density of the tin in g cm™. Also find its density in ST unit. (C.B.S.E. 2016) Sy, Here, mass of tin, m = 4002 Volume of tin, Vv =300cm m 400 g 3 Density of tin, P= 45 = 399 om? PS E™ Now, 1 gem? = 1000 kgm? Density of tin in SI unit = 133 x 1000 kg my’ 3 1330 kg my ‘A sealed cane of mass 600 g has a volume of S00 em’, Will i eon in water ? Density of water is 1g cm”. Sol, Here, mass of cane, mm = 600 8 Volume of cane, V = 500 em*pedis m _ 600 Z Y 3 Desshy ofcam,p = = ey ee IF cows Vv ~ 500 em pacius Since, density ofthe cane is greater than the density of water, 20 the can * sink in water. Coal [x The deosity of water 151000 kg i. 1 censity of gold fs 19820 Ma, pens the relative density of the gold. (CBS.E. 2m, ais Sol. Density of water Density of gold Density of 20d we get Using, RD. of gold = ity of water 19320 kgm R_D. of gold = ———— > = 19°32 oe 1000 kgm a The density of water Is 1000 kgm, If relative density Of isos is 7.574, 5 then calculate the density of iron. (C.B.S.E, 202 Sol. Density of water = 1000 kg m'? ve Relative density (R.D.) of iron = 7'874 a - - Density of iron wi Tsiigs RD. of fon = —— sing. RD. of ton = yy of water” a Density of iron = R.D. of iron x density of water = 7-874 x 1000 kgm? 7 = 7874kg m*. on ‘ ‘A plastic bottle of $00 g has a volume of 450 cr”. Will the bottle oat o Sink fai water ? Density of water is Lg cm ? Also calculate the mas: of the water displaced by the bottle. (Similar C.B.S.E. 2011) Mass, m = 500g; Volume, V = 450 cm? 500 g (@ Density of bottle, p = eg ety =i gem. Since, density of bottle is greater than the density of water (1 g cm’), so the bottle will sink in water. (i) Mass of water displaced by the botle = Volume of water displ x Density of water = Volume of bottle X Density of water = 450 cm* x 1g cm! 450g. As Asli weighs 80 in at, 65 gin water, Calelate the relates NS of solid. (C.B.S.E. 2018 Sol Weight of solid in air, W, =80 2 ; ‘Weight of solid in water, W2 = 648 Loss of weight of solid when immersed in water = Wy-W2 =16 8ean a icy, ee reat diy a i seg of ast tr00 sphere ts 0-7) in ps gases TNT em. 1 dency ~~ 4 vyoume of sphere. Vise Sar ws, 7 = 0-2 cm= 21x 107 omy ind Fier, (Density of wate ative density of Substance A ~ 2-5 ~ Density of substance A = (C.B.S.E. 2011, R.D. X density of water = 2:5 x 1000 kg/m = peative density of substance B = 0-9 zim? = 2500 kgm? Density of substance B = R.D. x density of water = 0-9 x 1000 kg/m? = 900 kg/m? since density of substance A is ‘ Si CA will Gk a Wee: QUE a Oe ete ser aI Density of substance B is less than the densi will float in water. lensity of water, so substance B ‘The dimensions of wooden block are 2 m x 0.25 density Stra 0-6, calculate mass er Curbed: eae cneaey oe water = 10° kgm. (C.B.S.E. 2012) Volume of block, 2m x 0.25m x 0.lm=5 x 107m Density of block, p = R.D X density of water = 0:6 x 10° kg m* = 6 x 1 kgm *. Mass of block, m = V xp =5 x 10? m* x 6 x 10° kg m? = 30 kg. Tee relative density of mercury is 13-6. What i its density in St unit? Given that density of water is 1000 kem*. sa. Density of mercury = R.D. of mercury x density of water = 13-6 X 1000 kg m= 13600 kg m> RPP re ric le ca acoi ‘x sealed cooker made of steel of mass 500 g has a volume of 3 Ure, Walt sink in water or not ? Density of water is 1000 kg a. {Ans, Density of cooker = 1666.7 kg mv. It will sink] A Amoil of relative density 1-2 and volume 1 litre js poured in water. Find the mass of the oil tans. 1-2 kel 2 Density of aluminium is 2700 kg m-*. Find the relative density of aluminium. Given density of water = 1000 kgm. (Similar C.B.S.E. 2013){Ans. 2-7) density of silver. Relative density of silver is 10:5. Find the : 2, 2013, 2014) (Ans. 10500 bx m0") (CBS.E. 201ei 2 | aw aa ee ae . TEE ete AOU toe) sre) own direction, TEST YOUR Ua Tar Te Each Question Carries 4 Mark {Define the term ‘work done’, (C.B.S.E. 2011, 2012, 2015, 2018) . Refer definition in Article 4.1.1, "7 Mow mach work is done by anan Who tries to, push the wall sf House bus fils to-do 00, (Similar C.B.S.E. 2011, 2013) ,W=PS=0 (- S$ = 0) (C.B.S.E. 2011) Zero, This is because centripetal force acting on the body is Perpendicular to the displacement of the body (W = FS cos 90° = 0). € Work and Energy 243,moving arovant (he sm 7 (CBSE, 2011, 2012, of the boxy is in the directior Ane, Zeta. This is because t mipe When is work d ree nopative ? opposite 0 the Ans. Work done by a {0 disploc ative, when t ite eek . of the body Is in the direction of the force, Ree ere eae : (CBSE. ay, kat ed from ite position by the application of force or wy.” nova force fx aor, when boxy i no diplaced from ie posilon is etter s poau vom of the displacement of the body. he oon the body is perpendicular to the di p ‘conditions under which work ix sald to be done, (C.B.S.B. 2011, x), «on the body and ii) the body must be displaced ffom its position either im the directo ina ection of the applied force J force or ih x direction oppasite to the direction of the app ae 9 What is S.1. unit of work ? (C.B.S.B. 2015, 25 Ans. S.L unit of work is joule (). ; What should be the angle between force and displacement for maximum work 7 (C.BS.E. a9, W = FS cos @ Work will be maximum if cos @ = 1 or 6 = 0° : Does the work done depend upon how fast an object is raised ? Explain, (CBSE. my Work done depends on the force applied and distance travelled by an object. It does not depend on How fase, object is raised Esa esa Oe OLAS) XC Distinguish between positive and negative work. When you Tift an object, two forces act on it. Identity thay forces. Which one of the two does, (a) positive work (b) negative work ? Justify your answer. (C.B.S.E, 20m Ans. Work is said be positive if the body is displaced in the direction of the applied force. Work is said to be negative ify body is displaced in a direction opposite to the direction of applied force. When we lift an object, the forces acting on the abject are (i) force of gravity and (ii) muscular force: Force of gravity does negative work as force of gravity acts downwards and the object is displaced upwards, Muse lar force does positive work as the object is displaced in the direction of the applied muscular force: 2 A boy throws a rubber ball vertically upwards. What kind of work is done; (a) by the force applied by te “boy, (b) by the gravitational force. Support your answer with reason. (C.B.S.B. 2011, 200) Ans. (a) Work done by the force applied by the boy is positive as both the applied force and the displacement of be ball are in the same direction. () Work done by gravitational force is negative as the force and the displacement of the ball are in opposite direct 4 coolic holding a heavy box is waiting for someone at the bus stand for LS minutes, How much work bat been done by him ? (Similar C.B.S,E_ 201), Vv Or A person holds a suifcase for 30 minutes and gets tired. Has he done some work or not ? Justit your answer : (C.B.S.E. 200) Ans. Since coolie is applying fore on the heavy box to hold it but there is no displacement af the box (i.e, S = th therefore, work done by him is zero (” W = FS cos @ = 0). 4 DINESH Super Simplified Physics IX= 2a A eee eat ele ee etEmE 08 Usha wie fore of gravity acting on the Arrying leg 5 es Ae Foriacaal diection20 8 = 90°: Hee, on TCRA, dowmvand ae nl ta gf in a tag of war, ove team wine and the Ta S989 = FS 09 08 5 SmPlacement the hagga 7 pegative work ? Justify your answer, Mam loses. Which east to ‘id net on (CBSE he Tope acts in the direction he force applied by ty Winning team does postive work on th: ope because at of ie uisplicement ofthe ope (On the other heat nae force applied by the team on Steen eons gemee nea eMEN Of the rope * 20r, 202, T Wheg - 2012, tion of the term “Work”. State the factors on which work C Define done by a force applied on an object at an angle @ with the Or Define work, State two factors on which the magnitade of work depend Ans. Refer Articles 4.1.1. and 4.1.2. SQ ESEIwEE Forrsulse used | @ W = F X'S (i W = FS cos 8 “Units ; W is joule @), F in mewton (N), S in metre (m), m in kg. oe Pkg ms, 1. N = Ukg ms and 1 Nm = 1) ACA force of 10 N causes a displacement of 2 m in a body in its own done depends, Derive horizontal direction, A Beeson fr the work 2013 x (C.B.S.E, 2011) 2013 fast an these - direction. Calculate the work done by the force. (C.B.S.E. 2011) 2012) Sel. Here F=10N;S=2m;W=? if the Work done, W= F x S a W = 10N x 2m = 20Nm = 205 f-iNm= UW] , AC A conte its «box of 1S kg from the ground to a height of 20m, Caleulate the work done by the coolie on the box. Given, g = 9:8 m s~ (Similar C.. m= 15kg;S=20m;g=98ms?;W “Now, force applied, F = mg (Weight of box) = 15 kg x 98ms? = 147N Work done, W = F x S = 147N x 2:0 m = 294N ction. ; : oe : A force of 10 N acting fat an angle of 60° with the horizon ae Girl sleet aay toogh a stance of 2m alone the srfoe ye of a Moor, Calewlate the work done, Now et the force oF pull acting 0» the body makes an, angle of 30° with the horizontal. What Is the vali i thie force t0 displace the body through 2 m along the surface of (ie : floor 0 that work done is 10 J 7 _Sol, Step 1. Here, Force, F = 10.N ;@ = 60°Roce, SS = he Pring, ws RSon@ Wegt. = WN XK Imex ay, = ON x Fm 2 0) | otra) ad Steg 2. New S ee ee Osan W = FS ax ween =F X 2X cx RPE x 2x = om 3 = SN AN& Colcainee the week deme im pushing 2 cart through a Gstance of 5 aapines the Saree of Griction equal tel250 N. Also state the trpe of a ume. alse eave the type of werk dome. (CBSE 2015.20, 4n Bs Si Bem, F=D9MNS=Rm is 6-10" Gm W = FScs@ wet oe W = DON x Dmx on 18° = =-DINx De {= cos 180" =-5 =- ens = ‘The work doce & negative. Unsolved Numericals For Practice LEE Seace of 10S acts trongh 2 Gstance of 10 m. Calcalane the work Sm fAms. 10003 EL A boty of mass 1 ky is Efied through a eight of 1 m. Calcabae te wt ome. fAms. $84 “h force of SN acting om a body at an angle of 30° with the horizontal di== esplaces 0 bexizontally theoogh 2 distance of 6 m. Calculate the work = {Aes 15/3 ie is often caid teat 2 person A is more energetic than 2 persoe B. meaning of this staiement is that a pervoa A is able to do more work thas the 6. Simson, 2 person alter dog a lot of work gets tired and after hat be 5 * J ts do cna mer. iis clear thas 2 person doing work expends somesbint. inown 28 the energy of the person. The energy speat by #1 the work dome by hin. Human beings and animals rt enevEYWhy does 2 block of plastic released under water come upto the surface of water 7 (CBSE. 2011, 2006) This is Decause upthrust or buoyant force acting on the block of plastic is greater thin the gravitational force acting on the block in the downward direction. yt The volume of 50 g of a substance is 20 cm>. If the density of water is 1 ¢ cm-?, will the substance float or sink ? Justify your answer. (C.B.S.E. 2011, 2012) Volume = 20 cm3, Mass = 50 ¢ Density of substance = —Mass___50g Volume 20 cm’? Since density of substance is more than the density of water, so the substance will sink. Lf The volume of a 500 g sealed packet is 350 cm. Will the packet float or sink in water if density of water is 1 g cm™? 7 What will be the mass of the water displaced by the packet * ' Mass = 500 g, Volume = 350 cm? Mass _ 500g Volume 350m? Since the density of the packet is greater than the density of water, so the packet will sink Mass of water displaced = Volume of Packet « density of water = 350 x 1 = 330g =25 gem? Density of packet = = 143 gem? J. Two objects of differ (a) have same velocit (c) experience forces ¢ (4) Explanation : Dur} The value of accelerati (2) is same on equator, (¢) is least on equator (a) F/4