GRANT INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY

Green Valley Subdivision,

San Pablo City, Laguna
Senior High School Department

The following passage refers to questions 20-24.

Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the
wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to
raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved
dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England’s treasury and diminishing Spain’s
supremacy.
Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman
Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the
throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate
against England’s theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships,
the Spanish Armada, in January 1586.
Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled
130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors.
Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced
that his Armada could withstand any battle with England.
The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it
back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable.
The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the
coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain
vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the
Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships
into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could
only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English
attacked again on August 8.
Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage.
During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At
the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the
wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the
superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.
20. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain’s _________.
 a. unlimited power
b. unrestricted growth
c. territory
d. treaties
e. Answer not available in article
21. King Philip recruited many ______ soldiers and sailors.
a. warlike
b. strong
c. accomplished
d. timid
e. inexperienced
22. The ______ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.
a. complete
b. warlike
c. independent
d. isolated
e. Answer not available
23. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _________.
a. open to change
b. triumphant
c. open to attack
d. defeated
e. discouraged
24. The Armada was ______ on one side.
a. closed off
b. damaged
c. alone
d. circled
e. Answer not available in this article

The following passage refers to questions 25-29.

The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian Empire in 490 B.C.
is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian Empire, was furious
because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian
domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He thought it would take
drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire.
Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this
participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of
the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to
Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace.
The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of
Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had left. They were wise,
for the Persians next conquered the city of Eritrea and captured its people.
Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There
they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians
refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would
meet the Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops.
The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty
Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the
Persians in both archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them,
and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6,400 Persians died,
compared to only 192 Athenians.
25. Athens had _________ the other Greek city-states against the Persians.
a. refused help to
b. intervened on behalf of
c. wanted to fight
d. given orders for all to fight
e. defeated
26. Darius took drastic steps to ________ the rebellious Athenians.
a. weaken
b. destroy
c. calm
d. irritate
e. Answer not available
27. Their participation _________ to the Athenians.
a. gave comfort
b. gave honor
c. gave strength
d. gave fear
e. gave hope
28. The people of Delos did not want to ______ the conquest of Greece.
a. end
b. encourage
c. think about
 d. daydream about
e. Answer not available
29. The Athenians were _________ by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
a. welcomed
b. strengthened
c. held
d. captured
e. Answer not available

The following passage refers to questions 30-32.

The Trojan War is one of the most famous wars in history. It is well known for the 10-year
duration, for the heroism of a number of legendary characters, and for the Trojan horse. What
may not be familiar, however, is the story of how the war began.
According to Greek myth, the strife between the Trojans and the Greeks started at the wedding
of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea nymph. All of the gods and goddesses had been
invited to the wedding celebration in Troy except Eris, goddess of discord. She had been omitted
from the guest list because her presence always embroiled mortals and immortals alike in
conflict.
To take revenge on those who had slighted her, Eris decided to cause a skirmish. Into the middle
of the banquet hall, she threw a golden apple marked “for the most beautiful.” All of the
goddesses began to haggle over who should possess it. The gods and goddesses reached a
stalemate when the choice was narrowed to Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Someone was needed
to settle the controversy by picking a winner. The job eventually fell to Paris, son of King Priam
of Troy, who was said to be a good judge of beauty. Paris did not have an easy job. Each
goddess, eager to win the golden apple, tried aggressively to bribe him.
“I’ll grant you vast kingdoms to rule,” promised Hera. “Vast kingdoms are nothing in
comparison with my gift,” contradicted Athena. “Choose me and I’ll see that you win victory
and fame in war.” Aphrodite outdid her adversaries, however. She won the golden apple by
offering Helen, daughter of Zeus and the most beautiful mortal in the land, to Paris. Paris,
anxious to claim Helen, set off for Sparta in Greece.
Although Paris learned that Helen was married, he nevertheless accepted the hospitality of her
husband, King Menelaus of Sparta. Therefore, Menelaus was outraged for a number of reasons
when Paris departed, taking Helen and much of the king’s wealth back to Troy. Menelaus
collected his loyal forces and set sail for Troy to begin the war to reclaim Helen.
30. Eris was known for _________ both mortals and immortals.
a. scheming against
b. creating conflict amongst
 c. feeling hostile toward
d. ignoring
e. comforting
31. Each goddess tried ______ to bribe Paris.
a. boldly
b. effectively
c. secretly
d. carefully
e. Answer not available
32. Athena _________ Hera, promising Paris victory and fame in war.
a. disregarded the statement of
b. defeated
c. agreed with
d. restated the statement of
e. questioned the statement of

Refer to the following passage for questions 33-37.

One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia,
the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the czar had planned to
revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants,
however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918, a group of these people known as
Bolsheviks overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the czar and what was
thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the czar’s family had been executed, there
were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women
claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Perhaps the most famous claimant was Anastasia
Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson.
In 1920, 18 months after the czar’s execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from
drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her
health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled Anastasia and
questioned her about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the czar’s family.
Eight years later, however, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been
rescued by two Russian soldiers after the czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two
brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers,
who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to
invoke the aid of her mother’s family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself.
During the next few years, scores of the czar’s relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances
interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the
Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real
Anastasia, however.
Tired of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the
name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to
Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother’s family. There she declaimed to the court,
asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia’s identity. Although it
will probably never be known whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search
to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
33. Some Russian peasants and workers ______ for social reform.
a. longed
b. cried out
c. begged
d. hoped
e. thought much
34. Witnesses ______ that all members of the czar’s family had been executed.
a. gave assurance
b. thought
c. hoped
d. convinced some
e. Answer not available
35. Tschaikovsky initially ______ any connection with the czar’s family.
a. denied
b. stopped
c. noted
d. justified
e. Answer not available
36. She was unable to ______ the aid of her relatives.
a. locate
b. speak about
c. call upon
d. identify
e. know
37. In court she _________ maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance.
a. finally appeared
b. spoke forcefully
c. gave testimony
 d. gave evidence
e. Answer not available

Refer to the following passage for questions 38-39.

King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a time when the
country was fighting bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let France’s insecure financial
situation limit their immoderate spending, however. Even though the minister of finance
repeatedly warned the king and queen against wasting money, they continued to spend great
fortunes on their personal pleasure. This lavish spending greatly enraged the people of France.
They felt that the royal couple bought its luxurious lifestyle at the poor people’s expense.
Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed uncaring about her
subjects’ misery. While French citizens begged for lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace
with extravagant works of art. She also surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians,
who encouraged the queen to spend money even more profusely.
While the queen’s favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal table, many people in
France were starving. The French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes
paid for the entertainments the queen and her court so enjoyed. When the minister of finance
tried to stop these royal spendthrifts, the queen replaced him. The intense hatred that the people
felt for Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution.
During this time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as well as the
king and queen themselves, lost their lives at the guillotine. Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette had reined in their extravagant spending, the events that rocked France would not
have occurred.
38. The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money ______.
a. wisely
b. abundantly
c. carefully
d. foolishly
e. joyfully
39. The minister of finance tried to curb these royal ______.
a. aristocrats
b. money wasters
c. enemies
d. individuals
e. spenders