Yashpatil TG~ @bohring_bot

PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

7. Consider the follwing two statements and 12. A wooden block with a coin placed on its
identify the correct choice. top floats in water as shown. After some
time the coin falls into water.Then
A)When a abody floats in a liquid, it
displaces the liquid whose weight is equal
to its own weight.
B)When a body sinks in a liquid, it displaces
the liquid whose volume is equal to its own
volume.
A) A is true but B is false.
A) l decreases and h increases
B) A is false but B is true.
B) l increases and h decreases
C) Both A and B are true.
C)both l and h increase
D) Both A and B are false.
D)both l and h decrease
8 100 kg of iron and cotton are weighed by
using a spring balance on the surface of 13. In order that a floating object be in a stable
the earh.If R1 and R2 are the reading equillibrium, its centre of bouyancy should
shown by the balance,then be
A)vertical below its centre of gravity
A) R1  R2 B) R1  R2
B)horizontally inline with its centre of gravity
C) R1  R2 D) R1  R2  0 C)vertically above its centre of gravity
D)may be anywhere
9 A swimmer goes from the surface of water
to a depth of 20m, the change in the 14. A piece of ice floats in a liquid denser than
pressure on his body is nearly water. The liquid fills the vessel upto the
edge.If ice melts completly then
A) 3 atmosspheres B) 1 atmosphere
A)water level remains unchanged
C) 2 atmospheres D) zero B)water level decreases
10. A bucket of water contain a wooden block C)water overflows
floating in water with(4/5)th of its volume D)data is insufficient.
sub merged in the water.The bucket is
15. An object of uniform density is allowed to
placed on the floor of a lift and the lift now
float in water kept in a beaker. The object
starts moving down with uniform
has triangular cross-section as shown in the
accleration. The block of wood now
figure. If the water pressure measured at
A) moves upward the three point A,B and C below the object
B) moves downward are PA, PB and PC respectively then:

C) remains at same place

D) moves horizontally
11. Clouds appear to float in air due to
A) low density B) Air current
A) PA > PB > PC B) PA > PB< PC
C) Viscosity of air D) Buoyancy
C) PA = PB= PC D) PA = PC < PB

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
16. A triangular element of the liquid is shown 19. In turbulent flow, the velocity of the liquid
in the fig., Px, Py and Pz represent the molecules in contact with the walls of the
pressures on the element of the liquid. tube.
Then: A) is zero
B) is maximum
C) is equal to critical velocity
D) may have any value
20 Which of the following is a characteristic
of turbulent flow?
A) Px  Py  Pz B) Px  Py  Pz A) velocity more than critical velocity
B) irregular flow
C) Px  Py  Pz D) Px2  Py2  Pz2 = constant
C) molecules crossing from one layer to the
17. A jar is filled with two non-mixing liquids 1 other
and 2 having densities 1 and  2 , D) 1, 2, 3.
respectively. A solid ball, made of a
21 When the value of Reynold's number is
material of density  3 is dropped in the jar.. less, the predominant forces are
It come to equilibrium in the position shown
A) Viscous forces
in the figure.
B) inertial forces
C) Surface tension forces
D) gravitational forces
22. In a laminar flow at a given point the
magnitude and direction of the velocity of
the fluid
A) both are constant
Which of the following is t rue for B) magnitude is only constant
1 , 2 and 3 ? C) direction is only constant.
D) both are not constant.
A) 1   2  3 B) 1   3   2
23. The liquid flow is most stream lined when
C) 3  1   2 D) 1  3   2 A) liquid of high viscosity and high density
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY, flowing through a tube of small radius.

BERNOULLI’S THEOREM B) liquid of high viscosity and low density

flowing through a tube of small radius
18. Stream line motion becomes turbulent
motion when the velocity of the liquid is C) liquid of low viscosity and low density
flowing through a tube of large radius
A) beyond critical velocity B) critical velocity
D) liquid of low viscosity and high density
C) below critical velocity D) variable velocity flowing through a tube of large radius

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
24. If the flow is stream lined then Reynold 30. A liquid is under stream lined motion
number is less than through a horizontal pipe of nonuniform
A) 2000 B) 3000 C) 1000 D) 4000 cross section. If the volume rate of flow at
25. The rate of flow of the liquid is the product cross section 'a' is V, the volume rate of
of flow at cross section a/2is
A) Area of cross section of the liquid and A) V/2 B) V C) V/4 D) V
velocity of the liquid. 31. Three tubes A, B, C are connected to a
B) Length of the tube of the flow and velocity horizontal pipe in which liquid is flowing.
of the liquid. The radii of the pipes at the joints of A, B
and C are 2 cm, 1 cm and 2 cm respectively.
C) Volume of the tube of the flow and velocity
The height of the liquid
of the liquid.
D) Viscous force acting on the liquid layer and
velocity of the liquid
26. The equation of continuity leads to
A) Law of conservation of moments of liquid A) in A is maximum
flow. B) in A and C is equal
B) law of conservation of energy C) is same in all the three
C) law of equipartition of energy D) in A and B is same
D) law of conservation of mass. 32. Bernoulli's theorem is applicable in the
case of
27. The volume of liquid flowing per second out
of an orifice at the bottom of the tank does A) Compressible liquid in stream lined flow
not depend upon B) Compressible liquid in turbulent flow
A) the density of the liquid C) incompressible liquid in stream lined flow
B) acceleration due to gravity D) incompressible liquid in turbulent flow.
C) the height of the liquid above orifice 33. If air is blown with a straw under of the pans
of a physical balance present in equilibrium
D) the area of the orifice
position, then that pan.
28. Water is flowing in a pipe of uniform cross
A) rises up
section under constant pressure. At some
place the pipe becomes narrow. The B) remains in the same position
pressure of water at this place. C) lowers down
A) remains same D) rises or lowers depending upon the velocity
of air blown.
B) may increase or decrease
34. If air is blown through the space between a
C) increases
calendar suspended from a nail on wall and
D) decreases. the wall, then
29. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of A) The calendar moves close to the wall.
radius 'r' at a speed V. If the radius of the
B) The calendar moves farther from the wall.
pipe is doubled, the speed of flow of water
under similar conditions is C) The position of the calendar does not
change.
V V
A) 2V B) C) D) 4V D) The position of the calendar may or maynot
2 4
change.

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
35. A spinning ball is moving in a direction 40. Water stands at level A in the arrangement
opposite to the direction of the wind. The shown in figure . If a jet of air is gently blown
ball moves in a curved path as into the horizontal tube in the direction
A) The pressure at the top and the bottom of shown in figure, then
the ball are equal.
B) The pressure at the top > the pressure at
the bottom
C) The pressure at the top < the pressure at
the bottom
D) There is no relation between the pressures.
36. The dynamic lift of an aeroplane is based A) Water will fall below A in the capillary tube
on
B) Water will rise above A in the capillary tube
A) Torricelli theorem
C) There will be no effect on the level of water
B) Bernoulli's theorem in the capillary tube
C) Conservation of angular Momentum D) Air will emerge from end B in the form of
bubbles.
D) Principle of continuity.
37. A gale is on a house. The force on the roof CUQ KEY
due to the gale is 1) B 2) D 3) B 4) B 5) B
A) directed downward 6) A 7) C 8) C 9) C 10) C
11) C 12) D 13) C 14) C 15) C
B) zero 16) B 17) B 18) A 19) D 20) D
C) directed upward 21) A 22) A 23) B 24) C 25) A
26) D 27) A 28) D 29) C 30) D
D) information insufficient
31) B 32) C 33) C 34) A 35) B
38. A train goes past a person standing at the 36) B 37) C 38) A 39) C 40) B
edge of a platform at high speed. Then the HINTS & SOLUTIONS
person will be 1. Weight of the liquid displaced by the body
A) attracted towards the train 2. Vaacum 3. Rises a while
4. Force of buoyancy
B) unaffected by the train
5. Fall down
C) reflected by the train 6. Greater than that of water
D) affected only if its speed is greater than 7. Both A and B are true
critical velocity. 8. R1  R2
39. The velocity distribution curve of the 9. 2 atmosphers
stream line flow of a liquid advancing 10. Remains at same place
through a capillary tube is 11. Viscosity of air
12. Both l and h decrease
A) Circular B) eliptical
13. Vertically above its centre of gravity
C) parabolic 14. Water overflows
D) a straight line 15. PA = PB= PC 16. Px  Py  Pz

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

17. 1  3  2 3. If the atmospheric pressure is 76cm of Hg

at what depth of water in a lake the pressure
18. Beyond critical velocity
will becomes 2 atmospheres nearly.
19. May have any value
20. Velocity more than critical velocity irregular A) 862cm B) 932cm
flow molecules crossing from one layer to the C) 982cm D) 1033cm
other
21. Viscous forces 4. The pressure at the bottom of a lake, due to
22. Magnitude and direction water is 4.9 × 106 N/m2. What is the depth
23. Liquid of high viscosity and low density flowing of the lake?
through a tube of small radius A)500m B)400m C)300m D)200m
24. 1000
25. Area of cross section of the liquid and velocity VARIATION OF PRESSURE
of the liquid. UPTHRUST
26. Law of conservation of mass
5. An inverted u-tube has its two limbs in water
27. The density of liquid
and kerosene contained in two beakers. If
28. Decreases 29. V/4 30. V
water rises to a height of 10cm, to what
31. In A and C is equal
height does kerosene (density=0.8gm/cc )
32. Incompressible liquid in stream lined flow
rise in the other limb?
33. Lowers down
34. The calendar moves close to the wall. A)10 cm B) 12.5 cm C)15 cm D)20 cm.
35. The pressure at the top > the pressure at the 6. If the air density were uniform, then the
bottom
height of the atmosphere above the sea level
36. Bernoulli's theorm
to produce a normal atmospheric pressure
37. Directed upward
of 1.0 x 105 Pa is (density of air is 1.3 kg/m3,
38. Attracted towards the train
g = 10m/s2)
39. Parabolic
40. Water will rise above A in the capillary tube A) 0.77km B) 7.7 km
C) 77km D) 0.077km
7. An air tight container having a lid with
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS negligible mass and an area of 8cm2 is
PASCAL LAW – PRESSURE partially evacuated. If a 48N force is
1. In a car lift compressed air exerts a force F1 required to pull the lid off the container and
on a small piston having a radius of 5cm. the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 105 Ps, the
This pressure is transmitted to a second pressure in the container before it is opened
piston of radius 15cm. If the mass of the car must be
to be lifted is 1350 kg. What is F1? A) 0.6atm B) 0.5 atm
A) 14.7 × 103 N B)1.47 × 103 N C) 0.4 atm D) 0.2 atm
C) 2.47 × 103 N D)24.7 × 103 N 8. A brass sphere weighs 100 gm.wt in air. It is
2. In the above problem what is the pressure suspended by a thread in a liquid of specific
necessary to accomplish this task gravity =0.8. If the specific gravity of brass
(g=9.8m/s2) is 8: the tension in the thread in the in newton
A)1.87 × 105 N/m2 B) 18.7 × 105 N/m2 is.

C)2.87 × 105 N/m2 D) 28.7 × 105 N/m2 A).882 B) 8.82 C) 0.882 D) 0.00882

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
9. A cube of side 20cm is floating on a liquid 15. A liquid is kept in a cylindrical jar, which is
with 5cm of the cube outside the liquid. If rotated about the cylindrical axis. The liquid
the density of liquid is 0.8 gm/c.c then the rises at its sides. The radius of the jar is ‘r’,
mass of the cube is and speed of rotation is ‘  ’. The difference
A) 4.2 kg B) 4.8 kg C) 5kg D) 5.2 kg in height at the center and the sides of the
10. If a body floats with (m/n)th of its volume jar is
above the surface of water, then the relative
r 2 2 r 2 2 g 2g
density of the material of the body is A) B) C) 2 2 D)
g 2g r r 2 2
A) (n-m) / n B) m/n
C) n/m D) (n-m) / m 16. The reading of a pressure meter attached
11. When a body lighter than water is completely with a closed water pipe is 3.5 x 105 N m-2.
submerged in water, the buoyant force acting On opening the valve of the pipe, the reading
on it is found to be ‘n’ times its weight. The of pressure meter is reduced to
specific gravity of the material of the body 3 x 105 N m-2. Calculate the speed of water
is flowing in the pipe.
1 1 1 A)10 cm/s B)10 m/s
A) B) C) n D) n 
1 n n n C) 0.1 m/s D) 0.1 cm/s
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY,
17. At the mouth of the tap, the area of cross-
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM AND section is 2.0 cm2 and the speed of water is
ITS APPLICATIONS 3m/s. The area of cross-section of the water
12. A liquid is flowing in a cylindrical pipe of column 80cm below the tap is
internal diameter 4 cm with a velocity of (use g=10m/s2)
5m s-1. If this tube is joined with another tube
of internal diameter 2cm then the velocity A) 0.6 cm2 B)1.2 cm2
of flow of liquid in the smaller tube will be C)1.5 cm2 D)2.0 cm2
( in ms-1)
A) 10 B)40 C)5 D)20 TORRICELLI’S THEOREM
13. The velocity of the wind over the surface of 18. A cylindrical tank of 1 meter radius rests on
the wing of an aeroplane is 80 ms-1 and under a platform 5m high. Initially the tank i filled
the wing 60 ms-1. If the area of the wing is with water to a height of 5m. A plug of area
4m2, the dynamic lift experienced by the
104 m2 is removed from an orifice on the side
wing is [ density of air = 1.3 kg. m-3]
of the tank at the bottom. The initial speed
A) 3640 N B) 7280 N
with which water flows out from the orifice
C)14560N D)72800 N
14. Water flows through a non-uniform tube of 
in ms-1 is g  10ms 2 
area of cross sections A, B and C whose
values are 25, 15 and 35 cm2 respectively. A) 10 B) 5 C) 5. 2 D) 10. 2
The ratio of the velocities of water at the 19. In the above problem, the initial speed with
sections A, B and C is which water strikes the ground in ms-1 is
A) 5 : 3 : 7 B) 7 : 3 : 5
C) 21 : 35 : 15 D) 1 : 1 : 1 A) 10 B) 5 C) 5 2 D) 10 2

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
20. There is a hole at the side-bottom of a big 25. Toricelli’s barometer used mercury. Pascal
water tank. The area of the hole is 4mm2. duplicated it using French wine of density
Throught it a pipe is connected. The upper 984kg / m3 . The height of the wine column
surface of water is 5 m above the hole. The for normal atmospheric pressure is
rate of flow of water through the pipe is
A) 9.5 m B) 10 m
( in m3s-1) ( g= 10ms-2)
C) 10.5 m D) 11m
-5 5
A) 4 x 10 B) 4 x 10 26. A U-tube contains water and methylated
-6 -5
C) 4 x 10 D) 28 x 10 spirit seperated by mercury. The mercury
PASCAL LAW – PRESSURE columns in the two arms are in level with
10.0cm of water in one arm and 12.5 cm of
21. Piston of cross -section area 100 cm2 is used spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity
in a hydraulic press to exert a force of
of spirit?
107 dynes on the water. The cross-sectional
area of the piston which support an object A) 0.6 B) 0.7 C) 0.8 D) 0.9
having a mass 2000kg is (g=10m/s2)
VARIATION OF PRESSURE,
A)100cm2 B)109 cm2
UPTHRUST
C)2x104 cm2 D)2x1010cm2
27. One end of a U-tube of uniform bore (area
22. Two pistons of a hydraulic press have diam A) containing mercury is connected to a
eters of 30 cm & 2.5cm . What is the force suction pump. Because of it the level of
exerted by a large piston,when 50kg weight liquid of density  falls in one limb. When
is placed on the smaller piston?
the pump is removed, the restoring force in
A)7200kg wt B)7800kg wt the other limb is:
C)7000kg wt D)8000kg wt
23. The force does water exert on the base of a
house tank of base area 1.5 m2 when it is
filled with water up to a height of 1 m if
(g = 10 m/s-2)
A) 1200 kgwt B)1500 kgwt
C) 1700 kgwt D) 2000 kgwt
24. Two syringes of different cross sections A) 2x  Ag B) x  g
(without needles) filled with water are
C) A  g D) x  Ag
connected with a tightly fitted rubber tube
filled with water. Diameters of the smaller 28. When a polar bear jumps on to an ice-berg,
piston and larger piston are 1.0cm and 3.0 its weight 200 kg.wt. is just sufficient to sink
cm respectively. If the smaller piston is
the ice-berg. Then the weight of ice-berg is
pushed in through 6.0 cm, how much does
the larger piston move out ( specific gravity of ice = 0.9; Sp.gr.of sea
water = 1.02)
A) 0.18cm B) 0.32cm
A) 1500 kg.wt. B) 1000kg.wt.
C) 0.67cm D) 0.96cm
C) 3000 kg.wt. D) 2040 kg.wt.

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
29. A boat having length 2m and width 1m is 35. A solid body is found floating in water with
floating in a lake. When a man stands on th
the boat, it is depressed by 3 cm. The mass  
  of its volume submerge4) The same
of the man is  
A) 50kg B) 55kg C) 60 kg D) 70 kg solid is found floating in a liquid with
th
30. A cube of wood supporting 200g mass just  
floats in water. When the mass is removed,   of its volume above the liquid surface.
 
the cube rises by 1cm, the linear dimension The specific gravity of the liquid is
of cube is
    
A) 10cm B) 20cm A) B)  C)    D)   

C) 10 2 cm D) 5 2 cm
36. A wooden cube is found to float in water with
31. A tall measuring jar contains ethyl alcohol ½ cm of its vertical side above the water.
of density 0.8 gm/cm3. An iron ball is dropped On keeping a weight of 50gm over its top, it
in to it and the level rises by 20 cm3. The is just submerged in the water. The specific
buoyant force acting on the ball is gravity of wood is
A) 0.2N B) 0.25 N A) 0.8 B) 0.9 C) 0.85 D) 0.95
C) 0.16N D) 1.6N 37. A solid sphere of radius ‘R’ has a concentric
cavity of radius ‘R/2’ inside it. The sphere
32. A large block of ice 4 m thick has a vertical is found to just float in water with the highest
hole drilled through it and is floating in the point of it touching the water surface. The
middle of water in a lake. The minimum specific gravity of the material of the sphere
length of rope required to scoop up a bucket is
full of water through the hole is (density of A) 1 B) 7/8 C) 8/7 D) 8/9
ice = 0.9 CGS unit, density of water = 1 CGS
unit) 38. A uniform rod of length 2.0 m specific gravity
0.5 and mass 2 kg is hinged at one end to
A) 40 cm B) 24 cm C) 20 cm D)360 cm the bottom of a tank of water (specific gravity
33. When equal volumes of two liquids are = 1.0) filled upto a height of 1.0 m as shown
mixed, the specific gravity of mixture is 7/2. in the figure. Taking the case   00 the
When equal masses of the same two liquids force exerted by the hinge on the rod is
are mixed the specific gravity is 12/7. The
specific gravities of two liquids are
 g  10m / s  2

A) 1 and 6 B) 2 and 6 C) 2 and 4 D) 3 and 6

34. A hollow metal sphere is found to float in
water with the highest point just touching the
1.0 m
free surface of water. If ‘d’ is the density of

the metal in cgs units, the fraction that
represents the volume of the hollow in terms O
of the volume of the sphere is
A) 10.2 N upwards B) 4.2 N upwards
1  1 d  1
A) B)  1  d  C) D)  1  d  C) 8.3 N downwards D) 6.2 N upwards
d  d  1  

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39. A sphere of solid material of relative density 42. An incompressible liquid flows through a
horizontal tube L M N as shown in the figure.
9 has a concentric spherical cavity and sinks
Then the velocity'V' of the liquid through the
in water. If the radius of the sphere be R, tube N is :
then the radius of the cavity (r) will be related
to R as

3 8 3 3 2 3
A) r  R B) r  R
9 3
A) 1ms -1 B) 2 ms-1
8 3 3 2 3
C) r 3  R D) r  R C) 4.5 ms-1 D) 6ms-1
3 3
43. A wind - powered generator converts wind
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY, energy into electrical energy. Assume that
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM AND ITS the generator converts a fixed fraction of
the wind energy intercepted by its blades into
APPLICATIONS electrical energy. For wind speed V, the
electrical power output will be proportional
40. A cylindrical vessel contains a liquid of
to
density  upto a height h. The liquid is
A) V B) V2 C) V3 D) V4
closed by a piston of mass m and area of
cross section A. There is a small hole at the 44. In a plant, sucrose solution of coefficient of
viscosity 0.0015 Pa.s, is driven at a velocity
bottom of the vessel. The speed with which
of 10-3 m s-1 through xylem vessels of radius
the liquid comes out of the vessel is 2  m and length 5  m . The hydrostatic
pressure difference across the length of
 mg  xylem vessels in Nm -2 is :
A) 2gh B) 2  gh 
  A 
A) 5 B) 8 C) 10 D) 15

 mg  mg TORRICELLI’S THEOREM
C) 2  gh  D) 2 gh 
 A  A 45. Two identical tall jars are filled with water
to the brim. The first jar has a small hole on
41. An aeroplane of mass 5000 kg is flying at the side wall at a depth h/3 and the second
an altitude of 3 km. If the area of the wings jar has a small hole on the side wall at a
is 50m2 and pressure at the lower surface of depth of 2h/3, where ‘h’ is the height of the
wings is 0.6105 pa , the pressure on the jar. The water issuing out from the first jar
falls at a distance R1 from the base and the
upper surface of wings is( in pascal)
water issuing out from the second jar falls
( g= 10 ms-2) at a distance R2 from the base. The correct
A) 59 103 B) 2 104 relation between R1 and R2 is

C) 6 104 D) 59 A) R1 > R2 B) R1 < R2

C) R2 = 2 x R1 D) R1=R2

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46. There are two holes O1 and O2 in a tank of 50. A tank with vertical walls is mounted so that
height H. The w a t e r emerging from O1 its base is at a height H above the horizontal
and O2 strikes the ground at the same points, ground. The tank is filled with water to a
as shown in fig. Then: depth 'h' . A hole is punched in the side wall
of the tank at a depth ' x ' below the water
surface. To have maximum range of the
O1 emerging stream, the value of x is (2001E)
h1
h2
H O2 H h H h
A) B)
4 2

H h 3 H  h 
C) D)
3 4
A)H = h1 + h2 B)H = h2 – h1
C)H = h1h2 D)H = h2/h1 51. The level of water in a tank is 5m high. A
hole of area 1 cm2 is made at the bottom of
47. A tank of cross-section A contains a liquid
the tank. The rate of leakage of water from
of density up to a height H. there is a hole of
the hole in m3/s is (g= 10 ms-2)
cross-section area a, at the bottom of the
tank. The time in which the liquid level is A) 10-3 B) 10-4 C) 10 D) 10-2
reduced to half is 52. A small steel ball is dropped from a height
of 1.5m into a glycerin jar. The ball just
A)  A / a   2 1  H/g
reaches the bottom of the jar 1.5 sec after it
was dropped The height of the glycerin in
B)  A / a  H / g C)  2 1  H/g the jar, if the retardation is 2.66ms-2, is about
A) 7.0 m B) 7.5m C) 5.5m D) 3.2m
D) Aa  2 1  H/g
53. Equal volumes of two immiscible liquids of
48. A tank full of water has a small hole at the densities  and 2  are filled in a vessel as
bottom. If one-fourth of the tank is emptied shown. Two small holes are punched at
in t 1 seconds and the remaining depths h/2 and 3h/2 from the surface of
three-fourths of the tank is emptied in t2
lighter liquid. If v1 and v2 are the velocities
t1
seconds. Then the ratio t is 2004M) v1
2 of efflux at these two holes, then v is
2

1 2
A) 3 B) 2 C) D) 1
2 3
49. There are two holes one each along the
h v1
opposite sides of a wide rectangular tank.
The cross section of each hole is 0.01m2 and
the vertical distance between the holes is 2 v2
h
one meter. The tank is filled with water. The
net force on the tank in Newton when water
flows out of the holes is: (Density of water
1000kg/m3) ( 2004 E)
A) 100 B) 200 C) 300 D) 400

30 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
EXERCISE - I KEY 19. Vx  2 gh1 , V y  2 gh2
1) B 2) A 3) D 4) A 5) B
6) B 7) C 8) C 9) B 10) A F1 F2
20. Q  A 2 gh 21. 
11) B 12) D 13) B 14) C 15) B A1 A2
16) B 17) B 18) A 19) D 20) A F1 F2
21) C 22) A 23) B 24) C 25) C 22.  23. F  PA; P  h  g
A1 A2
26) C 27) A 28) A 29) C 30) C
31) C 32) A 33) A 34) B 35) C 24. L1 A1  L2 A2 25. P   gh
36)D 37) C 38) C 39) A 40) B 26. P   gh
41) A 42) D 43) C 44) D 45) D
27. Force due to excess prssure
46) A 47) A 48) D 49) B 50) B
=Restoring force= (  gh) A   g (2 x ) A
51) A 52) C 53) D
28. Mg  Vdg 29) Mg  Vdg
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
30. Let l be the side of the cube.
F1 F2 F Volume of the cube outside = volume of water
1.  2. P
A1 A2 A displaced due to mass.
3. P  h g 4. P  h g Water displaced is 200 gm and its volume is
200 cm3.
5. h1 1  h2  2 6. P  h g
1l 2  200  l  10 2
F dliquid 31. Mg  Vdg
7. P1  P2  8. T  mg (1  )
A dbody
32. Mg  Vdg
9. mg  Vim  g 1   2 2 1  2
33.  , 
Vout body  2 1   2
10.  1 , RD  b
V liquid l 34. Mg  Vdg

W 35. Mg  Vdg
11. Specific gravity= F 36. bVb  50  Vb water
B

weight of the body = displaced liquid

12. 1 1  A2V2
AV
37. Mg  Vdg
d
13.
2
 2
F  V2  V1 A
2
 38. Length of the rod inside the water
 1.sec  sec
14. AV  const
2  1 
15. Potential energy = Rotational K.E Upthrust F    sec    1000 10 
2  500 
P1 1 2 P2 1 2
16.  V1   V2 F  20 sec  , W  20 N
 2  2
For rotational equilibrium of rod net torque
V22  V12  2 gh about ‘O’ is zero
17.
1 1  A2V2
AV  sec  
F   sin   W sin 
18. V= 2gh  2 

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS

F  20 2 N
For vertical equilibrium of rod, the force exerted
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
by the hinge on the rod  20 2  20  8.3N
downwards PRESSURE AND PASCAL’S LAW
1. Pressure is a scalar quantity, because
39. Fb  Vimm   L  g
40. Difference in pressure energy = K.E of the liquid A) it is the ratio of force to area and both force
and area are vectors
mg 1 2  mg  B) it is the ratio of the magnitude of the force to
 gh    v ; V  2  gh 
A 2   A  area parallel to surface
C) it is the ratio of the component of the force
1 normal to the area
41.
2
2

2
P1  P2   v1  v2 A 
D) it does not depend on the size of the area
42. A1v1  A2 v2  A3 v3 chosen
43. 2. An object of uniform density is allowed to
v3
float in water kept in a beaker. The object
1 has triangular cross-section as shown in the
44.
2

2
P1  P2   v1  v2 A
2
 figure. If the water pressure measured at
the three points A,B and C below the object
45. R1  v1t1; R2  v2t2 are PA, PB and PC respectively, then
46. R = Vefflux x time; R1 = R2

A 2
47. t h1  h2 
a g

48. t1 h  3h / 4  A B C

t  A) PA > PB > PC B) PA > PB< PC

2 3h / 4 
C) PA = PB= PC D) PA = PC < PB
49. Fnet  F1  F2
3. A triangular element of the liquid is shown.
2  H   h  x  Px, Py and Pz represent the pressures on the
50. R 2 gx element of the liquid. Then
g

51. Q  A 2 gh ; Pz Px

1
52. s  ut  at 2 ; u  2 gh .
2
53. v1  gh

h 1 2
 gh  2  g     2   v2
2 2 Py

v1 1 A) Px  Py  Pz B) Px  Py  Pz

v2 2
C) Px  Py  Pz D) Px2  Py2  Pz2 = constant

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
4 A swimmer goes from the surface of water 8. An inverted U-tube has its two limbs in wa-
to a depth of 20m, the change in the pressure ter and kerosene contained in two beakers.
on his body is nearly If water rises to a height of 10cm, then the
rise of kerosene in the other limb is
A) 3 atmosphere B) 1 atmosphere (density=0.8gm/cc )
C) 2 atmosphere D) zero A)10 cm B) 12.5 cm
5. A metal sphere connected by a string is C)15 cm D)20 cm
dipped in a liquid of density  as shown in
figure. The pressure at the bottom of the 9. A bucket containing water of depth 15cm is
vessel will be (p0 = atmospheric pressure) kept in a lift which is moving vertically
upward with an acceleration 2g, then the
pressure on the bottom of the bucket in kgwt/
cm2 is
A) 0.45 B) 0.045
C) 0.015 D) 0.15
h
10. In a car lift compressed air exerts a force F1
on a small piston having a radius of 5cm.
This pressure is transmitted to a second pis-
A) p  p0  gh B) p  p0  gh ton of radius 15cm. If the mass of the car to
be lifted is 1350 kg, then F1 is
C) p  p0  gh D) p0 A) 14.7  103 N B) 1.47  103 N
6. The pressure of liquid varies with depth ‘y’ C) 2.47  103 N D) 24.7  103 N
as shown in figure. Then the density of liquid
is 11. An air tight container having a lid with neg-
ligible mass and an area of 8cm2 is partially
P evacuated. If a 48N force is required to pull
the lid off the container and the atmospheric
pressure is 1.0  105 Pa, the pressure in the
P2
container before it is opened must be
P1 A) 0.6atm B) 0.5 atm C) 0.4 atmD) 0.2 atm
12. One end of a U-tube of uniform bore (area
A) containing mercury is connected to a
0 y0 y
suction pump. Because of it the level of the
liquid of density  falls in one limb. When
P2 P1 P2  P1
A)   gy B)   gy the pump is removed the restoring force in
0 0 the other limb is
P2  P1 P2  P1
C)   gy D)   2 gy
0 0

7. The density of a liquid varies as   0 y 3 .

The pressure at a depth of h is

h4 h3
A) P0  0 g B) P0  0 g
4 3
A) 2x Ag B) x g
2
h
C) P0  0 g D) P0   0 gh C) A  g D) x Ag
2

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
13. Figure shows a hydraulic press with the 16. Considering the pressure ‘P’ to be propor-
larger piston of diameter 35 cm at a height tional to the density of air ‘d’, the pressure
at height ‘h’ if the pressure on surface of
of 1.5m relative to the smaller piston of earth is ‘P0’ and density ‘d0’, under isother-
diameter 10 cm. The mass on the smaller mal conditions
piston is 20 kg. The force exerted on the
P0 d0 d0 P0
 gh  gh gh gh
load by the larger piston is (Density of oil A) P e d0 B) P e P0 C) P e P0 D) P e d0
0 0 0 0
in the press is 750 kg/m3 , g =9.8 m/s2)
17. A bowl of soap water is at rest on a table in
the dining compartment of a train. If the
acceleration of the train is g/4 in forward
direction, then the angle made by its surface
with horizontal is
1.5 m

1  1  1  1 
20 kg A) Tan   B) Tan  
2 4

1  1  1  1 
C) Tan   D) Tan  
5 3
18. If radius is 1m for the circular patch as
shown, then the hydrostatic force acting on
A) 5  103 N B)1.3 103 N the circular patch due to the water is
C) 3.7  103 N D) 4.8  103 N
14. To what height (h), should a cylindrical
R
vessel of radius (R) be filled with a
R
homogeneous liquid to make the force with
which the liquid presses on the curved side
wall of vessel equal to the force exerted by
the liquid on the bottom of the vessel?
A) 6160 N B) 61600 N
(Neglect atmospheric pressure)
C) 61.60 N D) 6.16 N
A) R B) 2R C) 3R D) 4R
BUOYANCYAND ARCHIMEDES’
15. A U-tube of uniform cross-section is partially PRINCIPLE
filled with a liquid I. Another liquid II which 19. A bucket of water contain a wooden block
does not mix with liquid I is poured into one floating in water with(4/5)th of its volume sub
merged in the water.The bucket is placed
side. It is found that the liquid levels of the
on the floor of a lift and the lift now starts
two sides of the tube are the same, while moving down with uniform acceleration. The
the level of liquid I has risen by 2 cm. If the block of wood now
specific gravity of liquid I is 1.1, then the A) moves upward
specific gravity of liquid II must be B) moves downward
A) 1.12 B) 1.1 C) remains at same place

C) 1.05 D) 1.0 D) moves horizontally

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
20. Clouds appear to float in air due to 25. A large block of ice floats in a liquid.When
ice melts the liquid level rises.The density
A) low density B) air current of liquid is
C) viscosity of air D) buoyancy A) greater than that of water
21. The force of buoyancy is equal to B) less than that of water
A) weight of the body C) equal to that of water
B) weight of the liquid displaced by the body D) half of that of water
C)apparent weight of the body 26. Identify the correct choice
D) viscous force A)when a body floats in a liquid, it displaces
22. A jar is filled with two immiscible liquids 1 the liquid whose weight is equal to its own
weight.
and 2 having densities 1 and 2
respectively. A solid ball made of a material B)when a body sinks in a liquid, it displaces
the liquid whose volume is equal to its own
of density  3 is dropped in the jar. It comes volume.
to equilibrium in the position shown in the A)A is true but B is false
figure. The correct alternative for 1 ,  2 and B)A is false but B is true
3 is C)both A and B are true
D)both A and B are false
27. A wooden block with a coin placed on its top
floats in water as shown. After some time
Liquid 1 the coin falls into water.Then
coin
3
l
Liquid 2 2
h

A) 1   2  3 B) 1   3   2

C) 3  1   2 D) 1  3   2 A) l decreases and h increases

23. When a boat in a river enters the sea water, B) l increases and h decreases
then it C) both l and h increase
A) sinks a little B) rises a little D) both l and h decrease
C) remains same D) will drown 28. Inorder that a floating object to be in stable
24. A boat full of scrap iron is floating on water equilibrium, its centre of buoyancy should
in a lake. If all the iron is dropped into the be
water, the level of water will A) vertically below its centre of gravity
A) go up B) fall down B) horizontally inline with its centre of gravity
C) remain the same D) can not be decided C) vertically above its centre of gravity
D) may be anywhere

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
29. The weight of the liquid displaced by the 35. An ornament weighing 50g in air weighs only
sphere if T=W/2 is 46g in water. Assume that some copper is
mixed with gold in the preparation of orna-
ment. Then the amount of copper in it is
(specific gravity of gold is 20 and that of
T copper is 10)
A) 30g B) 20g C) 35g D) 25g
36. Two substances of densities 1 and  2 aree
2W
mixed in equal volumes and the relative den-
sity of mixutre is 4. When they are mixed in
equal masses, the relative density
of the mixture is 3. The values of 1 and  2
A) 3W/2 B) W/2 C) W D) 5W/2 are
30. A vessel contains oil of density 0.8gm/cc A) 1  6 and 2  2 B) 1  3 and  2  5
over mercury of density 13.6gm/cc.
A sphere floats with half of it’s volume C) 1  12 and 2  4 D) 1  3 and 2  2
immersed in mercury and the other half in
the oil. The density of material of sphere is 37. A large block of ice 4 m thick has a vertical
(in gm/cc) hole drilled through it and is floating in the
middle of water in a lake. The minimum
A) 14.4 B) 7.2 C) 3.6 D)12.2 length of rope required to scoop up a bucket
31. A cube of side 20cm is floating on a liquid full of water through the hole is (density of
with 5cm of the cube outside the liquid. If ice = 0.9 CGS unit, density of water = 1 CGS
the density of liquid is 0.8 gm/cc, then the unit)
mass of the cube is A) 40 cm B) 24 cm C) 20 cm D) 360 cm
A) 4.2 kg B) 4.8 kg C) 5kg D) 5.2 kg 38. A boat having length 2m and width 1m is
th floating in a lake. When a man stands on
32. If a body floats with (m/n) of its volume
the boat, it is depressed by 3 cm. The mass
above the surface of water, then the rela- of the man is
tive density of the material of the body is
A) 50kg B) 55kg C) 60 kg D) 70 kg
A) (n-m)/n B) m/n C) n/m D) (n-m)/m
39. A cube of wood supporting 200g mass just
33. A brass sphere weighs 100 gm.wt in air. It is floats in water. When the mass is removed,
suspended by a thread in a liquid of specific the cube rises by 1cm, the linear dimension
gravity =0.8. If the specific gravity of brass of cube is
is 8, then the tension in the thread in newton
is A) 10cm B) 20cm

A) 0.0882 B) 8.82 C) 10 2 cm D) 5 2 cm
C) 0.882 D) 0.00882 40. A hollow metal sphere is found to float in
water with the highest point just touching the
34. When a body lighter than water is completely free surface of water. If ‘d’ is the density of
submerged in water, the buoyant force act- the metal in CGS units, the fraction that
ing on it is found to be ‘n’ times its weight. represents the volume of cavity to the
The specific gravity of the material of the volume of the sphere is
body is
1  1 d  1
1 1 1 A) B)  1   C) d  1 D)  1  
A) B) C) n D) n  d  d     d
1 n n n

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
41. A solid body is found floating in water with 45. The liquid flow is most streamlined when
th
 
  of its volume submerged. The same A) liquid of high viscosity and high density
 
th flowing through a tube of small radius.
 
solid is found floating in a liquid with    of
  B)liquid of high viscosity and low density flowing
its volume above the liquid surface. The through a tube of small radius
specific gravity of the liquid is
C) liquid of low viscosity and low density flowing
    
A) B)  C)    D)    through a tube of large radius

D) liquid of low viscosity and high density flowing
42. A solid sphere of radius ‘R’ has a concentric through a tube of large radius
cavity of radius ‘R/2’ inside it. The sphere
46. The velocity distribution curve of the stream
is found to just float in water with the highest
line flow of a liquid advancing through a
point of it touching the water surface. The capillary tube is
specific gravity of the material of the sphere
A) circular B) elliptical
is
A) 1 B) 7/8 C) 8/7 D) 8/9 C) parabolic D) a straight line

43. A block of mass ‘m’ is kept over a fixed 47. Along a streamline
smooth wedge. The block is attached to a A)the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant
sphere of same mass as shown in figure, B)the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given
which is immersed in water. If specific grav- position is constant
ity of material is 2, then the acceleration of
C) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given
sphere is instant is constant
D)the speed of a fluid particle remains constant
48. The equation of continuity leads to
m A) law of conservation of moment of liquid flow
m

30 B) law of conservation of energy

C) law of equipartition of energy
A) zero B) 2m/s2
D) law of conservation of mass
C) 2.5m/s2 D) 5m/s2
49. When the value of Reynolds number is less,
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY AND the predominant forces are
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM A) viscous forces
44. In turbulent flow, the velocity of the liquid B) inertial forces
molecules in contact with the walls of the
tube C) surface tension forces
A) is zero D) gravitational forces
B) is maximum 50. If the flow is streamlined, then Reynolds
number is less than
C) is equal to critical velocity
A) 2000 B) 3000
D) may have any value
C) 1000 D) 4000

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
51. Water is flowing in a pipe of uniform cross- 55. If air is blown with a straw under a pan of a
section under constant pressure differe-nce. physical balance present in equilibrium
At some place the pipe becomes narrow. The position, then that pan
pressure of water at this place
A) rises up
A) remains same
B) remains in the same position
B) may increase or decrease
C) lowers down
C) increases D) decreases
D) rises or lowers depending upon the velocity
52.. The paint -gun works on the principle of of air blown.
A) Boyle's law B) Bernoulli's principle 56. If air is blown through the space between a
C) Archimedi’s principle calendar suspended from a nail on wall and
the wall, then
D) Newton's laws of motion
A) the calendar moves close to the wall.
53. Three tubes A, B, C are connected to a
horizontal pipe in which liquid is flowing. The B) the calendar moves farther from the wall.
radii of the pipes at the joints of A, B and C C) the position of the calendar does not change.
are 2 cm, 1 cm and 2 cm respectively. The
height of the liquid D) the position of the calendar may or may
change.
A
C 57. A spinning ball is moving in a direction
B opposite to the direction of the wind. The
ball moves in a curved path as
A) the pressure at the top and the bottom of the
A) in A is maximum B) in A and C is equal ball are equal.
C) is same in all the three D) in A and B is same B)the pressure at the top > the pressure at the
bottom
54. Water stands at level A in the arrangement
shown in figure . If a jet of air is gently blown C) the pressure at the top < the pressure at the
into the horizontal tube in the direction bottom
shown in figure, then D)there is no relation between the pressures.
58. A gale is on a house. The force on the roof
due to the gale is
A) directed downward
B) zero
C) directed upward
D) information insufficient
59. A train goes past a person standing at the
A) water will fall below A in the capillary tube edge of a platform at high speed. Then the
B) water will rise above A in the capillary tube person will be
C) there will be no effect on the level of water in A)attracted towards the train
the capillary tube B)unaffected by the train
D) air will emerge from end B in the form of C)pushed away by the train
bubbles
D)affected only if its speed is greater than critical
velocity.

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
60. Vertical sections of a wing of a fan are shown 65. At the mouth of the tap, the area of cross-
in the following figures. The maximum section is 2.0 cm2 and the speed of water is
upthrust will be in figure 3m/s. The area of cross-section of the water
A) B) column 80cm below the tap is
( g = 10 m/s2)
C) D) A) 0.6 cm2 B)1.2 cm2
61. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of C)1.5 cm2 D)2.0 cm2
radius 'r' at a speed V. If the radius of the
66.. The flow rate from a tap of diameter 1.25cm
pipe is doubled, then the speed of flow of
water under similar conditions is is 3lit/min. The coefficient of viscosity of
water is 10-3Pas. The nature of flow is
V V
A) 2V B) C) D) 4V A) turbulent
2 4
B) laminar
62. A pipe having an internal diameter D is
connected to another pipe of same size. C) neither laminar nor turbulent
Water flows into the second pipe through ‘n’
holes, each of diameter d. If the water in the D) data inadequate
first pipe has speed v, then the speed of water 67. The reading of a pressure meter attached
leaving the second pipe is with a closed water pipe is 3.5 ×105 Nm-2.
D2 v nD 2 v nd 2v d 2v On opening the valve of the pipe, the read-
A) B) C) D) 2 ing of pressure meter is reduced to
nd 2 d2 D2 nd
3×105 Nm-2. The speed of water in the pipe
63. Water flows through a non-uniform tube of is
area of cross sections A, B and C whose
values are 25, 15 and 35 cm2 respectively. A) 10cm/s B)10 m/s
The ratio of the velocities of water at the C) 0.1 m/s D) 0.1 cm/s
sections A, B and C is
68. The velocity of the wind over the surface of
A) 5 : 3 : 7 B) 7 : 3 : 5
the wing of an aeroplane is 80 ms-1 and un-
C) 21:35:15 D) 1 : 1 : 1 der the wing 60 ms-1. If the area of the wing
64. An incompressible liquid flows through a is 4m2, the dynamic lift experienced by the
horizontal tube L, M, N as shown in the wing is [ density of air = 1.3 kg. m-3]
figure. Then the velocity 'V' of the liquid
through the tube N is A) 3640N B) 7280N
C)14560N D)72800N
69. An aeroplane of mass 5000 kg is flying at
an altitude of 3 km. If the area of the wings
is 50m2 and pressure at the lower surface of
wings is 0.6×105Pa, then the pressure on the
upper surface of wings is ( in pascal)
( g= 10 ms-2)
A) 1ms -1 B) 2 ms-1 A) 59×103 B) 2×104
C) 4.5 ms-1 D) 6ms-1 C) 6×103 D) 59

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
70. Water from a tap emerges vertically 73. The level of water in a tank is 5m high. A
downwards with initial velocity 4 ms-1. The hole of area of cross section 1 cm2 is made
at the bottom of the tank. The rate of
cross-sectional area of the tap is A. The flow leakage of water from the hole in m3s-1 is
is steady and pressure is constant ( g = 10ms-2)
throughout the stream of water. The distance A) 10-3 B) 10-4 C) 10 D) 10-2
h vertically below the tap, where the cross-
74. Water is maintained at a constant level of
 2 4.9m in a big tank. The tank has a small hole
sectional area of the stream becomes   A to the wall near the bottom. The bottom of
 3
2
is (g = 10 m /s ) the tank is 2.5m above the ground level. The
horizontal distance at which water touches
A) 0.5 m B) 1 m C) 1.5 m D) 2.2 m the ground is
71. Water flows through a frictionless duct with A) 19.6m B) 7. m C) 35 m D) 78.4m
a cross-section varying as shown in figure.
Pressure p at points along the axis is repre- 75. A cylindrical tank of 1 meter radius rests on
sented by a platform 5m high. Initially the tank is filled
with water to a height of 5m. A plug whose
area is 104 m2 is removed from an orifice on
the side of the tank at the bottom. The initial
speed with which water flows out from the
orifice in ms-1 is (g=10ms-2)
A) 10 B) 5 C) 5 2 D) 10 2
P
P
76. A hole is made at the bottom of a tank filled
with water (density = 103 kg / m3 ). If the total
A) B) pressure at the bottom of the tank is 3 atm
x x (1 atm = 105 N / m 2 ) , then the velocity of
efflux is
P P
A) 400 m / s B) 200 m / s

C) D) C) 600 m / s D) 500 m / s

x x 77. Two identical tall jars are filled with water

upto the brim. The first jar has a small hole
TORRICELLI’S THEOREM on the side wall at a depth of h/3 and the
72. The volume of liquid flowing per second out second jar has a small hole on the side wall
of an orifice at the bottom of the tank does at a depth of 2h/3, where ‘h’ is the height of
not depend upon the jar. The water issuing out from the first
jar falls at a distance R1 from the base and
A) the density of the liquid the water issuing out from the second jar
B) acceleration due to gravity falls at a distance R2 from the base. The
correct relation between R1 and R2 is
C) the height of the liquid above orifice
A) R1 > R2 B) R1 < R2
D) the area of the orifice
C) R2=2R1 D) R1= R2

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
78. There are two holes O1 and O2 in a tank of 82. There are two holes, one each along the
height H. The water emerging from O1 and opposite sides of a wide rectangular tank.
O2 strikes the ground at the same points, as The cross section of each hole is 0.01m2 and
shown in fig. Then the vertical distance between the holes is
one meter. The tank is filled with water. The
net force on the tank in newton when water
flows out of the holes is (Density of water
1000kg/m3)
A) 100 B) 200 C) 300 D) 400
MULTIPLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
83. Choose the correct statements from the
R
following?
A)H = h1 + h2 B)H = h2 – h1
C)H = h1h2 D)H = h2/h1 A) The pressure exerted by a liquid column at a
point depends upon the height of the liquid col-
79. A tank with vertical walls is mounted so that umn above it.
its base is at a height H above the horizontal
ground. The tank is filled with water to a B) The pressure exerted by a liquid column at a
depth 'h' . A hole is punched in the side wall point depends upon the density of the liquid.
of the tank at a depth ‘x’ below the water
surface. To have maximum range of the C) The pressure exerted by a liquid column at a
emerging stream, the value of x is point does not depend upon the shape of the
vessel containing the liquid.
H h H h
A) B) D) The pressure exerted by a liquid column at a
4 2
point depends upon the shape of the vessel con-
H h 3 H  h 
C) D) taining the liquid.
3 4
80. A water barrel having water up to depth 'd' 84. Choose correct statements from the
is placed on a table of height 'h'. A small following:
hole is made on the wall of the barrel at its
A) Pressure is same in all directions at a given
bottom. If the stream of water coming out
of the hole falls on the ground at a horizontal point with in the static liquid
distance 'R' from the barrel, then the value B) Pressure at a point inside a liquid depends on
of 'd' is density of the body
4h R2 h C) Pressure at a point inside a liquid depends on
A) 2 B) 4hR 2 C) D) 4 R 2
R 4h density of the liquid
81. A tank full of water has a small hole at the D) Pressure at a point inside a liquid depends on
bottom. If one-fourth of the tank is emptied acceleration due to gravity
in t1 second and the remaining three-fourths
of the tank is emptied in t2 second, then the 85. A tube 1 cm2 in cross section is attached to
t1 the top of the vessel 1 cm high and of cross
ratio t is section 100 cm2 . Water is poured into the
2 system filling it to a depth of 100 cm above
1 2 the bottom of the vessel as shown in figure.
A) 3 B) 2 C) D) 1 Then
2 3

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
2
1cm
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
Passage-1
99 cm
Two liquids of density 2 kg/m3 and 6 kg/m3
are mixed together then,
1 cm
88. If their masses are equal then the density of
A) the force is exerted by water against the mixture is ____________ kg/m3.
bottom of vessel is 100 N
A) 2 B) 6 C) 4 D) 3
B) the weight of water in the system is 1.99 N
C) the force is exerted by water against the 89. If the ratio of masses is 1: 2 then the value of
bottom of vessel is 50 N the density of mixture is ____ kg/m3.
D) the weight of water in the system is 2.99 N 5 18 9 5
86. An open U-tube of uniform cross-section A) B) C) D)
18 5 5 9
contains mercury. When 27.2 cm of water is
poured into one limb of the tube, then 90. If their volumes are equal then the density of
  1 and Hg  13.6 units  mixture is ____ kg/m3.
W

A) 2 B) 6 C) 4 D) 3
D
z
B Passage-2
h1 y
A
y B h2 A block of wood of length 50 cm and area of
A
C cross - section 10 cm2, floats in water with
3
A) the height of the mercury rise in the other of its length above water..
5
limb from its initial level is 1cm
B) the difference in levels of liquids of the two 91. Calculate density of wood in g cm–3
sides is 25.2 cm A) 0.20 B) 1.40 C) 0.30 D) 0.40
C) the height of the mercury rise in the other 92. Calculate weight of wood
limb from its initial level is 2 cm
D) the difference in levels of liquids of the two A) 200 gf B) 300 gf
sides is 12.6 cm C) 400 gf D) 500 gf
Statement Type: 93. Calculate extra force required to completely
87. Statement I : Pressure is a scalar quantity as its submerge it in water
direction is unique and not to be specified. A) 200 gf B) 400 gf
Statement II : Like liquids, air also exerts C) 300 gf D) 500 gf
pressure which is known as atmospheric
pressure. If h be the height of the Passage-3
atmospheric air, then atmospheric pressure A cube of metal whose density is 8.2 g/cm3 and
P is hdg, where d is the density of air side 7cm is tied to a thread and completely im-
A) Both Statement-I, and Statement-II are true. mersed in a liquid of density 1.2 g/cm3.
B) Both Statement-I, and Statement-II are false. 94. Calculate weight of the cube.
C) Statement I is true, Statement II is false. A) 2812.6 gf B) 28.126 gf
D) Statement I is false, Statement II is true. C) 281.26 gf D) 28126 gf

42 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
95. Calculate upthrust of the cube Column - II
A) 411.6 gf C) 620 gf P) h1gA Q) 3h3gA
C) 120 gf D) 680 gf
R) 2h2gA
96. Calculate tension in the string.
A) 2401 gf C) 648.126 gf S) gA  h1  2h2  3h3 
C) 161 gf D) 500 gf 99. An ice block is floating in a liquid of specific
gravity  . When ice melts , the level of fluid
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
Column-I Column-II
97. In a simple hydraulic press, the cross-sec-
tional area of the two cylinders are 5× 10–4 A) rises up P)   1
m2 and 10–2 m2respectively. A force of 20N B) falls down Q)   1
is applied at the small plunger. (In column-
C) remains unchanged R)   1
II the units may be S.I or C.G.S)
D) fraction of volume S)   0.9
Column-I
of ice block in water is
A) The pressure produced in the cylinder is
B) The thrust exerted on the large plunger is 100. Choose the correct matching
C) If the small plunger moves down 2 ×10–4m Column-I
then the work done by the operator is A) incompressible liquid
D) If the small plunger moves down 20m, then B) turbulent flow
the work done by the operator is C) tube of flow
Column-II D) fluid flux rate
p) 40000 q) 400 Column-II
E) density constant
r) 4 × 10–3 s) 4 × 104 erg t) 400 J
F) stream lines
98. A cylinder is floating in three liquids as G) constant
shown in figure. (Neglect atmosphere pres-
sure) (A = area of cross - section of cylin- H) Reynold’s in laminar flow
number>2000
der)
101. Choose the correct matching
A
Section-A Section-B
1
1 h1 A) kinematic E)  (v22  v12 ) A
L 2
2 h2 2 viscosity
h3 3 
3
B) dynamic lift F)

Column - I
C) Bernoulli’s G) av = constant
A) Force on cylinder by liquid 1 is
theorem
B) Force on cylinder by liquid 2 is
1
2
C) Force on cylinder by liquid 3 is D) equation of H) p   v   gh 
2
D) Buoyancy force on cylinder is continuity constant

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
NUMERICAL/INTEGER ANSWER 106. A piece of brass (Cu and Zn) weighs 12.9 g
TYPE QUESTIONS in air. When completely immersed in water,
it weighs 11.3g. The relative densities of
102. Figure shows a siphon, it contains water. The Cu and Zn are 8.9 and 7.1 respectively. Cal-
pressure difference (PB - PA ) between the culate the mass of copper in the alloy ( in
points A and B is gram)

107. A block of wood has a mass of 25g. When a

A 5g metal piece with a volume of 2cm3 is at-
tached to the bottom of the block, the wood
10 cm barely floats in water. What is the volume
B (in cm3) of the wood ?
108. A wax candle floats vertically in a liquid of
density twice that of wax. The candle burns
at the rate of 4 cm/h. Then with respect to
103. A tank with a square base of area 1m2 is the surface of the liquid, the upper end of
divided by a vertical partition has a small candle will fall at the rate of k cm/h. Find k.
hinged door of area 20cm2 . The tank is 109. A closed vessel has a small hole in one of its
filled with water in one compartment and faces near the bottom as shown. The veloc-
acid (of relative density 1.7) in another both ity (in m/s) of water coming out from the
given hole at the given instant is
to the height of 4m. Then the force necessary
to keep door closed in N is nearly
Air P = 0.9 P 0

104. A certain body weighs 15N in air and it P0 = 105 N/m2

h = 9/ 4 m

weighs 12N when immersed in water. Then

relative density of body is
Hole
105. The area of cross-section of the two arms of v
a hydraulic press are 1 cm2 and 10 cm2 re- 110. In the figure shown, a rectangular bar of
spectively as shown. A force of 5 N is ap- soap having density 800 kg/m3 floats in wa-
plied on the water in the thinner arm. The ter of density 1000 kg/m3. Oil of density 300
kg/m3 is slowly added forming a layer that
force should be applied on the water in the does not mix with the water. When the top
thicker arm so that the water may remain in surface of the oil is at the same level as the
equilibrium is (in newton) top surface of the soap, then the ratio of the
thickness of oil layer to the soap thickness
5N F is x/L. Find (x+L).

Oil x
L Soap

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
EXERCISE -II KEY F1 F2
10. A  A
01) C 02) C 03) B 04) C 05) A 1 2

06) D 07) A 08) B 09) B 10) B F F

11. P1  P2  ; Patm  Pin 
11) C 12) A 13) B 14) A 15) B A A
12. F   g  2 x  A
16) B 17) B 18) B 19) C 20) D
F1 F m1 g m2g
13.  2  h g ; r2   h g
21) B 22) B 23) B 24) B 25) A A1 A2 1  r2 2
26) C 27) D 28) C 29) A 30) A 14. FBottom   gh   R 2 
31) B 32) A 33) C 34) B 35) A
36) A 37) A 38) C 39) C 40) B  h
Fcurved   g   2Rh 
41) C 42) C 43) A 44) D 45) B  2
46) C 47) B 48) D 49) A 50) C
51) D 52) B 53) B 54) B 55) C
h
56) A 57) B 58) C 59) A 60) A
2
61) C 62) A 63) C 64) D 65) B 1
66) A 67) B 68) B 69) A 70) B 15.
71) A 72) A 73) A 74) B 75) A
76) A 77) D 78) A 79) B 80) C
p1  p2
81) D 82) B 83)ABC 84) ACD
85) AB 86) AB 87) A 88) C 89) B p0  1 gh  p0   II gh
90) C 91) D 92) A 93) C 94) A   I   II   II  1.1
95) A 96) A 97) A-P,B-Q,C-S,D-T
98) A-P,B-R,C-Q,D-S dp
16.  g
99)a-q; b-r; c-p; d-s dy
100)a-e; b-h; c-f; d-g

101) a-f; b-e; c-h; d-g 102) 0 103) 55 a
104) 5 105) 50 106) 7.6 107) 28 108) 2  ma a
109) 5 110) 9 17. ; tan   
mg g
mg
HINTS & SOLUTIONS ma

F 18. F  g . ycom   R 2 

1 P 
A 19. g eff is same for weight and buoyant force
2. fluid presure is independent of area 20. Buoyant force from air
3. As liquid element is stationary px  p y  pz 21. Archimedes principle
4. P   g  h 22. The body sunk in liquid 1 but flouts on liquid 2
23. density of sea water is more than river water
5. Upthrust on sphere from the liquid makes equal
24. As density of iron is more than water, it displaces
and appositic pair of forces. Hence, there will
more volume of water while floting .
be no effect on the pressure at bottom of vessel
 Vdisplacedwater  Viron
or p  p0  gh
6. Slope = g inside, when iron sinks,
 Vdisplacedwater  Viron
dp
7.  g 25. If level of liquid + water rises, then the density of
dy water should be less than liquid.
8. P1=P2  h1 1 g  h2  2 g  h1 1  h2 2 26. Both statement are true
9. P = hd(g+a)

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
27. As density of coin is more than water, while 39. L et l be the side of the cube.
floating it displaces more volume of water. Inside Volume of the cube outside = volume of water
the water the coin displaces same of water as displaced due to mass.
that of coin. Due to this h decresses and as Water displaced is 200 gm and its volume is 200
wooden block rises up.  also decresses. cm3.
28. For stable equillibrium centre of buoyancy should m  A  y   ; 1l 2  200  l  10 2
be vertically above the centre of gravity of body
29. T+TB= Weight Vcavity Vs  Vmetal V d
40.   1  metal  1  w
30. vdg  v1d1 g  v2 d 2 g Vs Vs Vs d
31. mg  Vim  g  db  db
41.   d ..........(1)1    d .......(2)
weight of thebody w l
32. Specificgravity =
forceof buoancy dl 
from 1 and 2 d    
W dB b
= =
FB dW Vcavity Vs Vmetal V d 1
42.   1 metal  1 w  1
m nm Vs Vs Vs d S.G
Vin  V  Vout  V  V V  
n  n  43. For block : T  mg sin 300  ma
Vin d B mg
   S .G For sphere : mg   T  ma; a  0
V dW 2
dliquid 44. In turbulent flow of liquid, the velocity gradient is
33. T  mg (1  ) different at different places of liquid. So velocity
dbody of liquid molecules may have any value.
34. V  w g  nmg ; 45. Liquid of high visocity and low density through a
tube of small radius
B 1 46. parabolic
 V  w g  n BVg  S .G    n 47. The velocity of all fluid particles crossing a
w
parcicular position is constant.
mi m  mi 48. Law of conservation of mass
35. V    
i m 49. Vicous forces
36. When substances are mixed in equal volume then 50. For stream line flow   1000
  2 51. As speed increases, preasure decreases.
density 1 4 52. Bernoulli’s principle
2
53. Speed of liquid is same in pipes with A and Cso
 1  2  8 ......(i) height of liquid will be same in A and C
When substances are mixed in equal masses then 54. Water will rise above A as pressure in tube A
212 decreases
density      3 55. Lowers down
1 2 56. The calender moves close to the wall.
 212  3  1  2  ......(ii) 57. Speed of wind at top < speed of wind at botton
By solving (i) and (ii) we get 1  6 and  2  2  Ptop  Pbottom.
58. directed upward due to bernoulli’s principle
37. Mg  Vin dl g , Aldice  Alin dl 59. Due to Boenoullli’s, person will be attracted to-
Length of rope = side of the block - limmersed wards the train.
38. Total weight = Force of buoyancy, 60. Figure 1
Mg  Vdg 61. A1v1  A2 v2 62. A1v1  A2 v2
2 2
 M  m  g  V  g   M  m   xA D d  
D 2v
   v    v v  2
2 2 nd

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
63. Av  const , A1v1  A2 v2 dR
78. R tobe maximum,  0 , which gives y = h
64. A1v1  A2 v2  A3 v3 dy
65. v22  v12  2 gh ; A1v1  A2 v2 79. t1  
h  3h / 4 ; t2  3h / 4 
 vd  Al Q 2h
66. R  , Q   Av  v  
80. R  2gd.
  t A g
P1 1 2 P2 1 2
67.  v1   v2 R2
 2  2 R 2  4dh d
4h
1
P1  P2    v22  v12   v1  0 81. Fnet  F1  F2  aV1  aV22  a 2gh1  2gh2 
2

2
 2  ga  h1  h2   2  gah
d
68.  2
F  V2  V1 A
2

2
82. Relative to liquid, the velocity of shpere is 2v0
upwards.
69.  p1  p2  A  mg  viscous force on sphere
70. The equation of continuity  6nr 2v0 downwards
2  12nrv0 downwards
A1v1  A2 v2 , A  4  A  v2 , From
3 83. P = hdg p  g , p  d and p  g
Bernoulli’s theorem
1 2 1 84. p  gdg . all points with same h, have, same
P   gh1   v1  P   gh2   v22 or pressure d is density of liquid.
2 2
1 2 2 85. P  hdg
g  h1  h2    v2  v1 
2 kg N
p  1m  1000 3  10  10 4 2
1 2 2 m m
g  h   6    4    h1  h2  h   h  1m
2  N
71. When cross-section of duct is decreased, the ve- F  PA  104 2  104  100m 2  100 N
m
locity of water increased in accordance with weight of water w  mg  veg
Bernoulli’s theorem the pressure p decreased at w  100cm 2  1cm  1cm 2  99cm  eg
that place.
w  199 10 6 m3  1000  10  1.99 N
72. The density of the liquid
86. PA 1  Pc  h1 e1 g1  h2 e2 g 2
73. Q  A 2 gh ; 87. Both statements are true
2H 2d1d 2 2 26 kg
74. Range  Vefflux  88. d  d  d  d  8
3 3
m
g 1 2

2H m  2m 3m 18
2 gh   2 hH d  
= m 2m 1 2 5
g 89.  m  
d1 d 2 2 6
75. v= 2gh
76. Pressure due to water in the tank = 3 atm -1 atm d  d2 2  6 kg
90. d  1  4 3
= 2 atm =20m of water column height of the 2 2 m
water in the tank is h=20m 91. vi  g  mg
Velocity of efflux = 2gh  400 m / s 92. mg  vb eb g
77. R1  v1t1; R2  v2t2 12) 93. Extra force to submerge = vo  g
R  Vefflux  time; R1  R2 ( vo  volume of the body out side the liquid)

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
94. wt  mg  vf . v  3 110. Buoyant force on soap,
95. FB  v g FB  A  x0   L  x   w  g
96. Tension T  mg  FB  vg  v g Weight, W  LA s g
 vg      For equilibrium, FB  W
F1 F2  LA s g  A  x0   L  x   w  g
97. A  A
1 2  Ls  x0   L  x  w
work W  F  S
x
98. F  P  A  P  h g  s 0  w   w
L
99. If  > 1 level rises x    s 1000  800 2
 < 1 level falls down   w  
 =1 level remains same. L  w  0 1000  300 7
100. The density of incompressilde liquid is constant
R > 2000 the flow os turbulent collection of
stream lines is called tube of flow SINGLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
101. Bermoulli’s theorem
1 PRESSURE AND PASCAL’S LAW
p  v 2  gh  constant
2 1. Neglect atmospheric pressure and the
1 density is varying linearly from 1 to  2 .
Dynamic lift. P   v2  v1 A
2
2
 2
 The pressure at bottom is
  1  2  gh
Kinematic viscosity is A) B)  1  2  gh
 2
equation of cintinuity for flowing fluid is av = C) 1 gh D) 2 gh
constant
2. A liquid is kept in a cylindrical jar, which is
102. PA  Patm rotated about the cylindrical axis. The liquid
PB  Patm rises at its sides. The radius of the jar is ‘r’,
and speed of rotation is ‘  ’. The difference
1  P2 A   P1  P2  A
103. Fn  F1  F2  PA in height at the centre and the sides of the
Fn   hd1 g  hd 2 g  A jar is

Wair r 2 2 r 2 2 g 2g
A) B) C) 2 2 D) 2 2
104. R.D  W  W g 2g r r
air water
3. A tortoise is just sinking in water of density
F1 F2 mi m  mi  . If the tortoise is assumed to be a
105. A  A 106. V    
1 2 i m hemisphere of radius R, then the horizontal
thrust on it is
107. V  2  g   25  5  g
   1 g / cm3 ;  V  28 cm3 R
shell of
V tortoise
108. Vin  water g  Vout  wax g ,Vout 
2
AL dh 1 dL
Ah  ,   2 cm / h 1
2 dt 2 dt A) g R3 B) g R 3
1 2 3
109. 0.9 P0  gh  P0  v  v  5 m / s 2
2 g R 3
C) D) 0
3

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
4. According to given figure, the torque BUOYANCYAND ARCHIMEDES’
produced by the liquid of density  due to PRINCIPLE
its side thrust about the line AB is
7. In air, a metallic sphere with an internal
cavity weighs 40g and in water it weighs 20g.
The volume of cavity is ( the density of the
l
material with cavity be 8 g/cm3)
B A) zero B) 15 cm3
H
C) 5 cm3 D) 20 cm3

A
8 A vessel filled with water is kept on a
weighing pan and the scale is adjusted to
glH 3 glH 4 zero. A block of mass 10kg is suspended by
A) B) a massless spring of spring constant
6 4
k  100 N / m .This block is submerged into
glH 2 glH 3 the water in the vessel such that elongation
C) D)
3 3 in spring is 10 cm. The reading of the scale
5 A cone of radius R and height H is hanging is
inside a liquid of density  by means of a
K
string as shown in the figure. Due to the
liquid, force acting on the slant surface of 
the cone is x

water

H
A) 100 N B) 10 N
R

C) 110 N D) 90 N
A) gHR 2 B) gHR 2 9. A cubical block of wood of edge 3 cm floats
in water. The lower surface of the cube just
4 2 touches the free end of a vertical spring fixed
C) gHR 2 D) gHR 2 at the bottom of the pot. The maximum
3 3
weight that can be put on the block without
6. A square gate of size 2m  2m is hinged at wetting it is (density of wood = 800 kg/m3
its mid-point. A fluid of density  fills the and spring constant of the spring = 50 N/m.
space to the left of the gate. The force F Take g=10 m/s2 )
required to hold the gate stationary is

Hinge

2 g 4 g 6g 8g A) 1.35 N B) 1.55 N

A) B) C) D)
3 3 3 3 C) 1.65 N D) 1.75 N

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
10. A tank accelerates upwards with 13. A wooden plank of length 1m and uniform
acceleration 1 m/s2 contains water. A block cross section is hinged at one end to the bot-
of mass 1 kg and density 0.8 g/cm3 is held
stationary inside the tank with the help of tom of a tank as shown. The tank is filled
the string as shown in figure. The tension in with water upto a height of 0.5m. The spe-
the string is (density of water = 1000 kg/m3) cific gravity of the plank is 0.5. The angle
 made by the plank in equilibrium position
is

A)T=2.2 N B)T=2.75 N
0.5m 
C)T=3 N D)T=2.4 N
11. In the arrangement shown in the figure
mA 2 A) 30o B) 45o C) 60o D) 90o

mB 3 and the ratio of density of block B
and the liquid is 2 : 1. The system is released 14. A heavy rod of length l is released from a
from rest. Then height ‘h’ above the water surface as shown
in figure. During the fall the rod is always
|||||||||||||||||
remaining in vertical position. Assuming the
water level remains unchanged due to fall
of the rod, the velocity of rod when it
A
reaches the bottom of the tank is (take spe-
B cific gravity of rod=2)

l
A)block B will oscillate but not simple
harmonically
B) block B will oscillate simple harmonically
C) the system will remain in equilibrium H
D) block B undergoes cirular motion
12. A small ball of density  is immersed in a
gL
liquid of density      to a depth h and A) g  H  2h  
2
released. The height above the surface of
water upto which the ball will jump is gL
B) g  H  2h  
2
     
A)    1 h B)    1 h
    g  H  2h 
C)  gL
    2
D)    1 h C)    1  h
   
D) g  H  2h   gL

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
15. A wooden stick of length 1m is floating in 18. Air is blown through a pipe AB at a rate of
liquid such that 10cm of stick is outside when 15 litre/minute. The cross-sectional area of
it is at rest. If it is depressed vertically down the broad portion of the pipe AB is 2cm2 and
and released, the time period of small os- that of the narrow portion is 0.5 cm2. The
cillations of stick is (Take g=10m/s2) difference in water level h is (density of air
= 1.32 kg/m3)
A
l B

h
A) 0.2 s B) 0.4 s C) 0.5 s D) 0.8 s Water

EQUATION OF CONTINUITY AND

A) 16 mm B) 1.5mm C) 10 mm D) 3.2mm
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
TORRICELLI’S THEOREM
16. Figure shows a liquid flowing through a tube
at the rate of 0.1m3 m/s. The tube is 19. A square box of water has a small hole
branched into two semicircular tubes of located in one of the bottom corners. When
cross-sectional area A/3 and 2A/3. The ve- the box is full and sitting on a level surface,
locity of liquid at Q is (cross section of the complete opening of the hole results in a flow
main tube is A=102 m2 and vp=20m/s) of water with a speed v0 , as shown. When
P the box is still half empty, it is tilted by 450
VP so that the hole is at the lowest point. Now
the water will flow out with a speed of
VQ
Q
A) 5 m/s B) 30 m/s C) 35 m/s D) 40 m/s v0
17. Liquid flows through the horizontal tube has v0 v
different cross-section at two points A and (a) Initial (b) Later-on
B. The diameters of the tube at points A
and B are 4 cm and 2 cm respectively. The v0 v0 v0
A) v0 B) C) D) 4
two manometers arms are fixed at points A 2 2 2
and B. When a liquid of density 800 kg m-3
flows through the tube, the difference of 20. A small hole is made at the bottom of a
pressure between the arms of manometer symmetrical jar as shown in figure. A liquid
is 8cm. The rate of flow of liquid nearly is is filled in to the jar up to a certain height.
(g=9.8ms-2) The rate of dissension of liquid is
independent of level of the liquid in the jar.
Then the surface of jar is a surface of
8c m
revolution of curve as represented
A mathematically
B

A) 3  104 m3 s 1 B) 4  104 m3 s 1
C) 2  104 m3 s 1 D) 5  104 m3 s 1

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
A) y  kx 4 B) y  kx 2 MULTIPLE ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
25. In the siphon system shown v refers to
C) y  kx3 D) y  kx5 velocity and P refers to pressure. Then:
C D
21. A cylindrical tank has a hole of 2 cm2 at its A) vE  vA
bottom. If the water is allowed to flow into h1
the tank from a tube above it at the rate of
100 cm3/s, then the maximum height upto
B B PD  P0   g  h1  h2 
which water can rise in the tank is (g = 10 m h2

s-2 ) E C) vA  vB  vE
A) 2.5  10-2 m B) 1.25  10-2 m
D) vE  5vA  vB
C) 5.5  10-2 m D) 3.5  10-2 m
26. A tank is filled upto a height h with a liquid
22. A bird of mass 1.23kg is able to hover by and is placed on a platform of height h from
imparting a downward velocity of 10m/s the ground. To get maximum range xm a
uniformly to air of density ‘  ’ kg/m3 over small hole is punched at a distance of y from
an effective area 0.1m2. The magnitude of the free surface of the liquid. Then
‘  ’ in kg/m3 is (g = 10m/s2)
A) 0.34 B) 0.89 y
h
C) 1.23 D) 4.8
23. A gas flows with a velocity V along a pipe of
h
cross sectional area ‘S’ and bent an angle
of 900 at point A. The force exerted by the Xm
gas on the pipe at ‘A’ is (density of gas is
) A) xm  2h B) xm  1.5h
C) y  h D) y  0.75h
2SV 27. The area of two holes A and B are 2 a and
A) B) 2SV 2  a respectively. The holes are at heights (H/

3) and (2H/3) from surface of water
SV 2 
C) 3 D) 3SV 2 
2 H/3
24. A light cylindrical vessel is kept on a A
horizontal surface. It’s base area is A. Hole H H/3
B
of cross-sectional area ‘a’ is made just at
it’s bottom side. The minimum coefficient of
friction necessary for not sliding of vessel
due to the impact force of the emerging liquid A) The velocity of efflux at hole B is 2 times the
is velocity of efflux at hole A

a B) The velocity of efflux at hole B is 2 times

A) varying B) the velocity of efflux at hole A
A
C) The discharge is same through both the holes
2a A
C) D) D) The discharge through hole A is 2 times the
A 2a
discharge through hole B.

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
28. The figure shows a container filled with a 30. Two solid spheres A and B of equal volumes
liquid of density  . Four points A, B, C and but of different densities d A and d B are
D lie on the vertices of a vertical square. connected by a string. They are fully
Points A and C lie on a vertical line and points immersed in a fluid of density d F . They get
arranged into an equilibrium state as shown
B and D lies on a horizontal line. Choose with tension in the string. The arrangement
the correct statement(s) about the pressure is possible only if
at the four points.
A

A
B
D B

C A) d A  d F B) d B  d F
A) PD  PB B) PA  PB  PD  PC
C) d A  d F D) d A  d B  2d F
P  PA P  PA
C) PD  PB  C D) PD  PB  C 31. A glass tube filled with colored water, sealed
2 2
at both the ends is bent into an arc. There is
29. A block of ice (specific gravity Si­ = 0.90) is a small air bubble inside. The tube is held
floating in a container having two immiscible with its plane vertical. When the tube moves
with constant acceleration either to left or
liquids (one of specific gravity S = 0.50 and right the bubble shifts and settles at some
1
other is water) as shown in the figure. (H , plane either to the left or right of the highest
H are heights of water, other liquid columns
1 point. For the situation shown , what can you
2 conclude about acceleration vector of the
respectively.) Now the ice block melts tube?
completely, then Vertical
Air Bubble


Left Right
H2 S = 0.50 Center
A) It points towards the right
Ice Block B) it points towards the left.
C) Its magnitude is g tan 
H1 Water
D) Its magnitude is g cot 
32. A solid sphere of radius R and density  is
A). H will decrease attached to one end of a massless spring of
2 force constant k . The other end of the
B). H will increase spring is connected to another solid sphere
1 of radius R and density 3 . The complete
C). H1 + H2 will remains unchanged arrangement is placed in a liquid of density
2  and is allowed to reach equilibrium. The
D). H1 + H2 decreases correct statement(s) is (are)

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
Comprehension : II
4 R3  g
A) the net elongation of the spring is An open rectangular tank of dimensions 6m x
3k
5m x 4m contains water upto a height of 2m.
8 R3  g
B) the net elongation of the spring is The vessel is accelerated horizontally with an
3k
acceleration of a m / s 2 as shown. Take
C) the light sphere is partially submerged  water  103 kg / m3 , g  10m / s 2 , atmospheric
D) the light skphere is completely submerged pressure = 105 N / m 2 .
Base on above information answer the following
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS questions:
Comprehension : I a
Block A in the fig hangs from a spring balance D
and is submerged in a liquid C contained in beaker
4m
B. The weight of beaker is 1kg, and the weight
2m
of the liquid is 1.5kg. The balance D reads 2.5kg
and balance E reads 7.5kg. The volume of the 1m
block is 0.003 m3 . 6m
36. Determine the maximum value of a so that
no water comes out from tank.
D 2g g
A) g B) C) D) 2g
3 3
B 37. Determine the maximum height to which the
water should be filled in the tank so that
when a  5m / s 2 , no water comes out from
the tank
E
A) 2m B) 3m C) 2.5m D) 3.5m
38. Instead of open top if the vessel is closed,
33. What is the density of the liquid? then absolute pressure at point A would be
A) 1666.7 kg / m3 B) 1500kg / m 3 20
[ Take a  m / s 2 and initially height of
3
C) 2500kg / m3 D) 1750kg / m 3 water in tank is 2m]

34. When A is taken out, what will be the reading A) 1.33  105 N / m2 B) 1.0  105 N / m 2
of D? C) 3.33  1045 N / m 2 D) None
A) 7.5Kg B) 2kg Comprehension : III
C) 3.5kg D) 2.1kg . A solid hemisphere of radius R is made to just
35. When A is taken out, what will be the reading sink in a liquid of density  . Find the
of E?
A) 2.5 kg B) 2kg
C) 1.5 kg D) 3 kg
R

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
39. vertical thrust on the curved surface Comprehension-V:-
 R3  g  R3  g Figure shows a large closed cylindrical tank
A) B)
3 2 containing water. Initially, the air trapped
C) 0 D)  R3  g above the water surface has a height h0 and
40. Vertical thrust on the flat surface pressure 2 p0 where p0 is the atmospheric
pressure. There is a hole in the wall of the
 R3  g  R3  g
A) B) tank at a depth h1 below the top from which
3 2
water comes out. A long vertical tube is
C) 0 D)  R3  g connected as shown.
41. Side thrust on the hemisphere 44. Find the height h2 of the water in the long
3
 R g 3
 R g tube above the top initially
A) B)
3 2 h2

C) 0 D)  R3  g 2P0 h0
h1
Comprehension : IV
A tortoise is just sinking in water of density  .
The tortoise is assumed to be a hemisphere of
radius R. Neglet atmospheric pressure
3 p0 h0 2 p0 h0
A)  B) 
g 3 g 2
p0 p0
C)  h0 D)  2h0
g 2 g
R 45. Find the speed with which water comes out
of the hole.
1 1/2
A)   p0   g  h1  2h0  
1/2
2 
42. Find Vertical thrust B)   p0   g  h1  h0  
  
1 1/2
A)  g R 3 B)  g R 3 3 
C)   p0   g  h1  h0   
3   
1/2
2 3 4 
C)  g R D) 0 D)   p0   g  h1  h0   
3   
43. Find the total hydrostatic force 46. Find the height of the water in the long tube
abvoe the top when the water stops coming
13 out of the hole.
A)  g R 3 B)  g R3
3
A) 2h0 B) h0
2 3 16
C)  g R D)  g R3 C) h2 D) h1
3 3

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
Comprehension-VI:-
A uniform solid cylinder of density 0.8 g/cm3
floats in equilibrium in a combination of two
non-mixing liquids A and B with its axis
vertical. The densities of the liquids A and
B are 0.7 g/cm3 and 1.2 g/cm3 , respectively.. 50. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 5 mms 1 ,
The height of liquid A is hA  1.2 cm . The the air comes out of the nozzle with a speed
length of the part of the cylinder immersed of
in liquid B in hB  0.8cm . A) 0.1 ms 1 B)1 ms 1

C)) 2 ms 1 D) 8 ms 1
Air h
51. If the density of air is  a and that of the
A hA
liquid  l , then for a given piston speed the
B hB rate (volume per unit time) at which the
liquid is sprayed will be proportional to

47. Find the total force exerted by liquid A on a

the cylinder. A) l B)  a l
A) 0 N B). 3 N
C). 5 N D). 6 N l
C) D)  l
a
48. Find h , the length of the part of the
cylinder in air.
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
A). 0.5 cm B). 0.2 cm
52. A piece of ice is floating in water in a vessel.
C).0.25 cm D).0.6 cm Match the options of two columns:
49. The cylinder is depressed in such a way that
Column -I Column -II
its top surface is just below the upper surface
When all ice melts,
of liquid A and is then released. Find the (A)
level of water will
(P) increase
acceleration of the cylinder immediately When half of the ice
after it is released. (B) melts, level of water (Q) Decrease
will
A). g/8 B). g/6 C). g/4 D). g/3 When vesser is filled
with liquid denser
Comprehension-VII:- (C) than water and all (R) Remain un changed
ice melts, level of
A spray gun is shown in the figure where a water will
piston pushes air out of nozzle. A thin tube When vessel is
filled with liquid
of uniform cross-section is connected to the (D) lighter than water (S) unperdicatble
nozzle. The other end of the tube is in a and all ice melts,
level of water will
small liquid container. As the piston pushes
air through the nozzle, the liquid from the
53. In the figure shown, V, t, R and h are velocity
container rises into the nozzle and is sprayed of incoming fluid from hole, time taken by
out. For the spray gun shown, the radii of fluid to reach ground, range and height of
the piston and the nozzle are 20 mm and 1 liquid column above the hole respectivley.
mm respectively. the upper end of the Match the options of the two columns.
contaIner is open to the atmosphere.
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

h
V
H

R
Column -1
A) R will remain same B) t will increase
C) V will increase D) R will be maximum
Column - II
Statement -2: The gas in the stream has a high
P) For a decrease in g velocity, the pressure inside the stream is above
Q) For any variation of g,“positive or negative” atmospheric.
R) If H increases and g decreases 56. Statement -1: When a body floats such that its
S) None of the above parts are immersed into two immiscible liquids
then the force exerted by liquid 1 is of magnitude
54. Column-I
1v1 g .
A) Magnus effect
B) Loss of energy
C) Pressure is same at the same level in a liquid
V1
D) Hydraulic machines
Column-II V2
P) Pascal’s law
Q) Archimedes’ principle
R) Viscous force Statement -2: Total buoyant force =
S) Lifting of asbestos roofs 1v1 g   2 v2 g
57. Statement-1: When a soda water bottle falls
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS freely from a height h, the gas bubble rises in
A) Statement 1 is true, statement-2 true and water from the bottom.
statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement -2: Air is lighter than liquid
statement-1 58. Statement - 1: A soft plastic bag weights the
same when empty or when filled with air and
B) Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is true, measured in vacuum.
statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement -2 : The same results will be observed
statement 1 when measured in air.
C) Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false 59. Statement -1: The speed of liquid coming out
D) Statement 1 is false; statement 2 is true. of the orifice is independent of the nature and
quality of liquid in the container.
55. Statement-1: A light celluloid ball placed in a
stream of gas or water issuing at a high velocity Statement -2: The speed of liquid coming out
of orifice will depend upon the quality of liquid in
from a tube with a narrow neck, the ball floats the container.
freely however in this stream (Fig)

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
NUMERICAL/INTEGER ANSWER 64. A liquid of density   0 1   y  is stored
TYPE QUESTIONS
in a container where y is the distance from
60. A small sphere falls from rest into water
from a height of 2m. The relative density of 2 1
the the liquid surface and   m . A small
the sphere is 0.80. Find the depth to which 3
ball will sink (in m) hole is made at the bottom of the container.
61. In a vessel as shown, the opening has a cross Find nearest integer of velocity of efflux (in
- sectional area A. F1 is the net force applied m/s) when the liquid height is 1m. Assume
on the plate by liquid and air, which is kept flow is laminar .  g  10 m / s 2 
to close the opening. The plate is now
displaced a short distance away from the 65. A rod is of length 6 m and of specific
opening in which case liquid strikes the plate gravity   25 / 36 . One end of the rod is tied
inelastically with a force F2 . Find F2 / F1
to a 5 m long light rope which in turn is tied
to the floor of a pool 10 m deep as shown.
Find the length of the part of rod in metres
which is out of water.
A
62. The range of water flowing out of a small A
hole made at a depth 10m below water
surface in a large tank is R. Find the extra
pressure applied on water surface so that
range becomes 2R (in atm, an approximate
value) 10m
5m
10

66. A uniform vertical cylinder is released from

rest with its lower end just touching the liquid
R surface of a deep lake. Calculate the
63. A vessel with a symmetrical hole in its maximum displacement of the cylinder in
bottom is fastened on a cart. The mass of
the vessel and the cart is 1.5kg. With what  1
force F(in  102 N) should the cart be pulled meters. Take   4m and 
 2
so that the maximum amount of water
remains in the vessel. The dimensions of the
vessel are as shown in figure. Given that
b=50cm, c=10cm, area of base A=40 cm 2 ,
L=20cm, g =10 m / s 2 .
L

b
C
F

58 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

67. A thin V-shaped glass tube is fixed in the  i  7140 kg / m 3 and density of water is
vertical plane as shown. Initially, the left part 0  1000kg / m3 , find the height h of the
of the tube contains a column of water of water level (in S.I units) in the container with
length d = 2 m. A valve at the bottom of the iron balls.
the tube prevents the water from moving to
right part. At some time, the valve is quickly
opened. Neglecting friction, find the time (in
seconds) it takes for the water to move h
h0
completely into the right part of the tube.
(Take g=  2 m/s2)

70. The horizontal part of the U-shaped tube

shown in the figure is 10 cm and its vertical
branches are long enough. The cross-
section of the tube is 1 cm2. First, 20 cm3
45 45 water is poured into the tube in the right
branch and then 20 cm3 oil is poured into
Fixed horizontal surface
the left branch. The whole system is
68. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has
accelerated towards the left at an
an orifice at its bottom. The orifice is initially
acceleration of a=10 m/s2. Determine the
closed and water is filled in it upto a height
difference between the level of water and
H. Now the top is sealed with a cap and the
the level of oil (in cm). Density of water =
orifice at the bottom is opened. Some water
1000 kg/m3, Density of oil 800 kg/m3).
comes out from the orifice and the water
level in the vessel becomes steady with 2
a=10 m/s
height of water column being 200 mm. Find
the fall in height (in mm) of water level due
10cm
to opening of the orifice. (Take atmospheric
pressure  1.0 105 N / m2 . denisty of water 71. As the drawing illustrates, a pond full of
1000kg / m 3 and g  10m / s 2 . Neglect any water has the shape of an inverted cone with
effect of surface tension.) the top sliced off and has a depth of 30 m.
The atmospheric pressure above the pond
69. In a cylindrical container water is filled up is 1.0  105 Pa . The circular top surface (ra-
to a height of h0  1.0m . Now a large number dius = R2) and circular bottom surface (ra-
of small iron balls are gently dropped one dius = R1) of the pond are both parallel to
by one into the container till the upper layer the ground. The magnitude of the force act-
ing on the top surface is the same as the
of the balls touches the water surface. If
magnitude of the force acting on the bottom
average density of the contents is
R2
  4070kg / m3 , density of iron is surface. Find R
1

CO - IIT 59
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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
R2 EXERCISE - III KEY
01) A 02) B 03) A 04) A 05) D
06) B 07) B 08) D 09) A 10) B
30m
11) A 12) C 13) B 14) B 15) C
60
16) A 17) B 18) B 19) D 20) A
R1
21) B 22) C 23) B 24) C
72. A cube of external dimension 20 cm has an
25) B,C 26) A,C 27) B,D 28) A,B,D
inner cubical portion of side 10 cm whose
29) A,B,D 30) A,B,D 31) A,C
density is twice that of the outer portion. If
this cube is just floating in a liquid of den- 32) A,D 33) A 34) A 35) A 36) B
37) C 38) A 39) A 40)D 41) C
sity 1g/cm3, then the density of the inner
42) C 43) B 44) C 45) B 46) D
x 3
portion is g / cm . Find  x  y  47)A 48) C 49) B 50)C 51)A
y
52) A  R: B  R; C  P: D  Q
73. A horizontal oriented tube AB of length 5m
rotates with a constant angular velocity 0.5 53) A  P,Q: B  P,R; C  S: D  S
rad/s about a stationary vertical axis OO ' 54) (A-S), (B-R), (C-P), (D-P)
passing through the end A. The tube is filled 55) C 56) D 57) D 58) D 59) C
with ideal fluid. The end A of the tube is
60) 8 61) 2 62) 3 63) 1 64) 4
open and the closed end B has a very small
65)1 66) 4 67)1 68)6 69)2
orifice. The velocity (in m/s) with which the 70) 6 71) 2 72) 17 73) 2 74) 4
liquid comes out from the hole is

HINTS & SOLUTIONS
O
P h

B
1.  dp   g.dy
A 0 0

2. Difference in potential energy = Rotational

2m 1 2
5m Kinetic energy  mg  h1  h2   I 
O 2
74. An unsymmetrical sprinkler shown in the top 3. F   gyc   projection area
view of the setup has frictionless shaft and
equal fluid flows through each nozzle with a H H

velocity of 10 m/s relative to the nozzle. Its 4.    d     gy  H  y  .l.dy

angular speed (in rad/s) of rotation is 0 0

0.5m 1m 1 2
5. R  H g    H g  R 2  FV
3
1 2
 FV  H g R 2  R 2 H g  H g R 2
3 3
2 4
10m/s 10m/s 6. F  1   gy  2dy  y  1  F  g
0 3

60 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
7. Weight of sphere in air = 40 g     2     gh
12. a   g ;  
Weight of sphere in water = 20 g    

Loss in weight = (40-20)g = 20 g 2     

H   h
Weight of water displaced=loss in weight=20 g 2g   
13. net torque about hinge is zero
Volume of water displaced = 20 cm3
hm cosec  l
Actual volume of sphere = volume of water g cosec .h cos   mg cos 
ld 2 2
displaced = 20 cm3
1
solving above sin   ;   450
40 2
Volume of material in sphere =  5 cm3
8
14. Velocity of rod when lower surface touches wa-
Volume of cavity = (20 - 5)= 15 cm3 ter surface
8. mg  kx  FB , Buoyancy force on the block is L

equal to force on vessel i.e.,=reading of scale. V 1  2g  h  
 2
9. In equilibrium total weight W  K x  Fb When ‘x’ part of rod is inside water
 M  m  g  Kx  V W g Fresultant  LAg  xAg  a   2 L  x  g
10. F= upthrust force = V  w  g  a  d L
    2 gh 
 Mass of block  dx 2
=  density of block  w  g  a  When rod is completely inside water
 
d
1 a1  g / 2  
= 1000  11  13.75 N dx
800
F - T - W = ma ; 13.75 - T - 10 = 1(1) gL
When it reaches bottom V  g  H  2h 
T = 2.75 N 2
11. Let mA  2m, mB  3m l
15. T  2
When block -B is inside the liquid g

m A g   m Bg  upthrust on B  16. From the equation of continuity,

a1  g
mA  mB  A  A
10 Rate r  V p   A   VQ
3  3
When block-B is outside the liquid
3r
m g  m A g 3mg  2mg g  VP  2VQ   30 m / s
a2  B   A
mA  mB 5m 5
2gh
Since a1 & a 2 are constants, motion is 17. Rate of flow  A1 A2
periodic, but not simple harmonic  A  A22 
2
1

 4  104 m3 / sec

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
18. Q  A1v1  A2 v2  15 L / min 23. Take x-axis along the flow and y-axis
perpendicular to it
  
15 103 Vinitial  Vi , V final  V j;V  V 2  V 2  2V
  2.5 104 m3 / s
60
v v l
25 104 Fm  m    S  2V  2SV 2 
v1   1.25 m / s t t t
2 104
dm 2

25 10 4 24. F  v
dt

 vav  v2a  2gy a  2agy
v2   5.0 m / s
0.5 104 Force of friction f = F = 2a  gy
Now, difference in pressure = difference in ki-
netic energy 2a
[  N=  (A  gy)] = 2a  gy ;  
A
1
 w gh  a  v22  v12  25.
2

 0  v22  v12 
h   1.5  103 m  1.5m h1
2 w g
B
1
or h w g  air  v2  v1  or
2 2

2 h2
A
3
 1.5  10 m  1.5mm

h V
19. V0  2 gh  V   2 g  40 V A  VB  VE (AV=constant)
2 2
PE  P0  VD  VE  V
1 1
20. P0  0  V 2  PD  g  h1  h2   V 2
2 2

Let y be the height of liquid at same instant then PD  0  g  h1  h2 

 dy 26. Velocity of liquid through orifice, v  2 gy

(a = area of hole  constant given )
dt and time taken by liquid to reach the ground
 dy 
a 2 gy   x 2    2h  h  y 2  2h  y 
 dt  t 
g g
  dy   Horizontal distance covered by liquid
 ,  and g are constant
 dt  x  v.t
squaring the equation, we get y  kx 4  x 2  4 y  2h  y 
21. Qin  Qout ; Q  a 2 gh d 2
for x to be maximum,
dy
x   0
22. AV 2  mg

62 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

 H
1/2
 4 gH 
1/ 2
30. V A  VB  V
27. VA   2 g  ; VB   
 3  3  BA
1/2
 2 gH 
 2   2VA
 3  A
; QA  VA  2a 

and QB  VB  a   VA 2a ; mgA
T
QA
 2
QB BB T
28. According to Pascal’s law PD  PB , because B
and D lies in the same horizontal plane. Let l be
the side of the square. Then the vertical distance
between A and C is l 2 .
L
PB  PD  PC   g
2 mBg

B A  BB   m A  mB  g and T  0
A
l
D B V  2d F  g  V  d A  d B  g
l
C 2d F  d A  d B
L
similarly, PB  PD  PA   g dB  dF (more denser)
2
PA  PC d A  2d F  d B  d A  d F
PB  PD 
2 31. free body diagram is:

H2 S= 0.50 Vg=Fb
ice Si= 0.9
29.
H1
S= 1

Va=F
A) H 2 will decrease become there
Pressure difference
will not be any part of ice inside 
in horizontal
N
the liquid.

( H1 increases because  ice is less than

Resultant of  wVg &  wVa should be exactly
 water ). a
opposite to N i.e., tan    a  g tan 
g
H1  H 2 decreases.

CO - IIT 63
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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
36. The angle made by free surface of liquid with
1  a 
horizontal is   tan  
g
a

32. 

4m
y

On small sphere
6m
4 4
 R 3    g  kx   R 3  2   g For no water to spill out, limiting case is shown
3 3
in the fig. As volume of water inside the beaker
On second sphere
remains the same, so
4 4
 R 3  3   g   R 3  2   g  kx 1
3 3 2 6 5  4  y 6 5  y  0
2
4 R 3  g 4 y 2 a
x tan    
3k 6 3 g
33, 34, 35)
2g
Balance D reads weight minus buoyancy force  a
whereas E reads weights and reaction forces. 3
37. For no water to come out, the situation is as
shown in fig
B a
m = 1kg m = 1.5 kg

4m
y
N
(m+M)g
6m

 m  M  g  B  7.5 kg 4 y a
tan     4 y  5
6 g 6 10
2.5kg  B  7.5kg  B  5kg  y  1m
So, volume of water inside the tank is,
V l  5kg   0.003 l  5
1
 4  y   6  5 Let h be the initial height, then
5000 2
l 
3 1
5 6 h    4  1  6  5 ; h  5 / 2  2.5m
2
5000
l   1666.7 kg / m3
3

64 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
20 2 g Similarly using the formula Fv  Vg where V
38. For a   the situation would be as
3 3 2 3
shown in fig. = volume of the tortoise =  R we have
3
2
Fv   g R 3 (up)
3

Q A P FV yC

pressure P  p0 Fh

Pressure at A, PA  p0   a  5
20
 105  103   5  1.33 105 N / m 2 43. Hence the net hydrostatic force on the tortoise is
3
39. Vertical thrust of the liquid is equal to weight of
the liquid column above the curve (spherical ) 2

  g R3    23  g R 3 
2
surface. F  F F 2 2
h v
FV  v  g . Volume of the shaded portion
2  R3 13
=  R    R =
3 3   g R3
3 3 3
44 to 46) . 2P0   h2  h0   g  p0
R
(since liquids at the same level have the same
R
pressure) P0  h2  g  h0  g ;
(I) (II)
h2  g  P0  h0  g
Substituting V in the equation Fv  V  g , we
have P0 h0  g P0
h2     h0
g g g
 R3
FV   g  down  KE of the water = Pressure energy of the water
3
1 2 P
40. The upward thrust on the base of the hemisphere at that layer mV  m 
2 
is Fv'  V  g , where, V = volume of the liquid
2P 2
column above the base    R 2  R   R 3 V2    P0   g  h1  h0  
 
Then, we have Fv'   R 3  g  up  1/ 2
2 
V   P0   g  h1  h0 
41. Symmetrical so Fleft  Fright  Fnet  0  
we know 2P0   g  h1  h0   P0   gX
42. Let the horizontal and vertical thrusts on the
tortoise be Fh and Fv , respectively.. P0
X   h1  h0   h2  h1
g
we know that Fh   gyC Av where yC  R and
Av   R 2 . This gives Fh   g  R 3 towards i.e, X is h1 meter below the top or X is - h1
right above the top.

CO - IIT 65
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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
47. Pressure force acts directed 52. Mg  VD L g Volume of liquid displaced by
towards axis cylinder is symmetric floating ice VD   M /  L 

Fnet  0 Mass is conserved, so when M gm ice melts

completely, water formed will have mass M gm.
48,49)
Volume of water formed is VF   M /   

Air h If  L   w , then volume of the liquid displaced

by floating ice will be equal to water formed due
to melting of ice. So, level of water remains
A hA unchanged, when all or half of the ice melts.

hB M  M 
B If  L   w then        or VD  VF
 L  w
 Liquid A is applying the hydrostatic force on In this case, water displaced by floating ice will
be lesser than water formed due to melting of ice
cylinder from all the sides. So, net force is zero. and thus liquid in the vessel will rise.
 In equilibrium weight of cylinder = Net If  L   w , V  VF
upthrust on the cylinder.
Then water displaced by floating ice will be more
s  h  hA  hB  cylinder g  sg  hA  A  hB  B  than water formed due to melting of ice and thus
where s is the base area of cylinder.. level of liquid in vessel will decrease.

 h  0.25cm
h
 Net upward force = extra upthrust = sh  B g H
 Net acceleration = force/mass of cylinder.. 53.

sh B g g R
 =
s  h  hA  hB  cylinder 6 2 H  h
t  v  2 gh
50. From A1v1  A2 v2 g
v2  2m / s
1 2  H  h
51. p1  p2   a va 2 R  vt  2 gh .
2  2 h  H  h
g
1
p3  p2  l vl 2 A) p , r
2
p3  p1 2 H  h
B) p, r - correct t 
1 1 a g
 l vl 2   a va 2  vl  va
2 2 l
C) ‘s’; V  2 gh
a
 Volume flow rate  l H
D) h Rmax so ‘s’
2

66 CO - IIT
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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
54. Magnus effect talks of differnence in pesssure ‘t’ is same
caused due to difference in velocities to lift a
structure. Lifting of asbestos roofs during cyclonic R = vt  2R  v 't  v '  2v
storms is based on this phenomenon. So, i  d
Viscous force brings loss in internal energy. So,
1 2
P  gh  pv
ii  c 2
At the same level in the same liquid in a container, 1
the pressure is same according to Pascal’s law. P21  P0  Pextra  v '2
2
So, iii  a
1 2 1 
Hydraulic machines work on the principle of    2v   4  v 2 
Pascal’s law to transfer equal pressure in all 2 2 
directions from the free surface where it is
applied. So, iv  b  4  gh   4 P0
55. Bernoullis principle.
56. Buoyant force involves volume of only Pextra  3P0
submerged body.
63. As the cart is drawn by a force F, the water in
57. Upthrust will be zero
the vessel takes up a slant position rising upward
58. If the bag is weighed in vacuum, its weight will
at the back of the vessel. To prevent water from
be W0 when empty and W0  V  g  when filled flowing out of the hole H, the acceleration of the
with air. But weighed in air, its weight will be W0 vessel should have such a value that it occupies
when empty and W0  V  g  V  g   W0 a face area DBH and a width of vessel given by
A/L.
when filled with air due to upthrust of air V  g  . D
L
59. Statement-2 is wrong.
ma b
upthrust  weight
60. Retardation in water, a  mg 
mass B H F

V 1 g  V  0.8 g
  g/4
V  0.8 
1
2 2
Area of DBH  bc
Now, V  V  2  a  h0 ; 0  2 gh  2ah0 ;
2 1
2
1 A
gh  g  2  volume of the liquid retained  bc 
h0    8m 2 2
a  g / 4
bcA
61. F1  P  A    ghA Mass of the cart and water  M 
2L
F2 ma b
F2   AV 2   A  2 gh  ; F  2 tan   ; a  g tan   g 
1
mg c
Required force is
10 m bcA  gb
v 
M    1.5  0.5  50
62.  2L  c
 2.0  50  100N
R

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS

64.   0 1  y  2 2
  6  x     6 
y  25
dy
h = 1m
  6 2   6 2
 36

2
5  2
  .6    6  x   52 x= 1m
6 
y 66. Al  g  Ax  g  Al  a
   gdy  g  0 1  y  dy
0
1
 y2 
 0 g  y  
 2 
 0

   1
P   o g 1     o g 1   v x
 2  3  gx   gx 
ag ;  v.dv    g     dx
1 l 0 
P  v 2
0
2 2
2 v g x
  gx 
2  2
 2  5
 at 1 m = 0 1  .1  0 At maximum displacement,
 3  3
2  1
x   2   4  4m
4
   o g   ; v  8 g  4
 2
3 5 67. (Can do after completing SHM chapter) The
65. water of density  will execute SHM inside the
fixed v-shape glass tube with time period

m
B x T  2 2  Ag cos 45
where m = mass of water and A = cross-sectional
d
6x area of tube. T  2
2g
mg
Hence the required time is half the time period of
 oscillation.
A 68.
5m T 

500 mm
H

Torque about ‘A’ = 0

6 x 6
  6  x    cos     6    cos 
 2  2 500 mm

200 mm

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS

P  P0   gh  98 103 N / m 2 ; P0V0  PV mg   21  103  1   203  103   g

105  A  500  H    98  103  A  500  200  
 91  103 g  1  8  103 g
H  206mm ; l
evel fall  206  200  6mm 8
 1  g / cm3
9
total mass m1  m2
69.   total volume  Ah 73. Applying Bernoulli’s theorem between two have
2
m1 m2 1
0  ; i  P0    x2 dx  P0  v 2
Ah0 A  h  h0  3 2

 0 h0   h  h0  i  i  0 
h   2m 2 2 2 1
  i     5  3   v 2
2 2
70.
2
  0.5   16  v 2  v  2 m / s

74.


(30-x) 
x (Water)
(Oil)
2
F1  r A1v1 F1  r A2v 22
(20-x ) (x -10) Given : A1v1  A2 v2
No external torque is acting
 oil gx  oil  20  x  a  water  x  10  a
 F1r1  F2 r2  0
 water g  30  x  ;  x  12
A1v12 r1  A2 v22 r2  0  A1v1  A2v2 
 H   30  x   x   30  2 x   6cm
or v1r1  v2 r2  0
71. 10 R  10  30  10  10  R
5 2 5 3 2
2 1
 v2  10  , v1  10  0.5 
R2
105 R22  4  105 R12 ; 2  10  0.5  0.5  10    1  0
R1
 10  0.5 20  2  0

1 2.5  10 ;   4 rad/s

21
72.

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS

(PREVIOUS QUESTIONS MAINS/ADV)

1. A ball is made of material of density  where
oil     water with oil and water representing
the densities of oil and water, respectively. 1  sin  1  cos 
A) B)
The oil and water are immiscible. If the 1  sin  1  cos 
above ball is in equilibrium in a maxture of 1  tan  1  sin 
this oil and water, which of the following C) D)
1  tan  1  cos 
pictures represents its equilibrium positions? 4. The top of a water tank is open to air and its
[AIEE-2010] water level is maintained. It is giving out 0.74
m3 water per minute through a circular
opening of 2cm radius in its wall. The depth
of the centre of the opening from the level
A) B)
of water in the tank is close to
[JEE (Main)-2019]
A) 9.6m 2) 2.9m 3) 4.8m 4) 4cm
5. Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom
C) D) at the rate of 10-4 m3 s–1. Water is also
leaking out of a hole of area 1 cm2 at its
bottom. If the height of the water in the tank
2. A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M remains steady, then this height is
having cross-sectional area A is suspended, [JEE (Main)-2019]
with its length vertical, from a fixed point by A) 5.1m 2) 1.7cm 3) 2.9cm 4) 4cm
a massless spring, such that it is half 5. A liquid of density  is coming out of a hose
submerged in a liquid of density  at pipe of radius a with horizontal speed v and
equilibrium position. The extension x0 of the hits a mesh. 50% of the liquid passes
spring when it is in equilibrium is (Here k is through the mesh unaffected. 25% looses
spring constant) [JEE (Main)-2013] all of its momentum and 25% comes back
with the same speed. The resultant pressure
Mg Mg  LA  on the mesh will be [JEE (Main)-2019]
A) B) 1  
k k  M 
3 2 1 2 1 2
A) v B) v C) v D) v2
Mg  LA  Mg  LA  4 4 2
C) 1   D) 1  
k  2M  k  M  7. A long cylindrical vessel is half filled with a
liquid. When the vessel is rotated about its
3. There is a circular tube in a vertical plane. own vertical axis, the liquid rises up near
Two liquids which do not mix and of densities the wall. If the radius of vessel is 5 cm and
d1 and d2 are filled in the tube. Each liquid its rotational speed is 2 rotations per second,
subtends 90º angle at centre. Radius joining then the difference in the heights between
their interface makes an angle  with the centre and the sides, in cm, will be
d1 [JEE (Main)-2019]
vertical. Ratio d is [JEE (Main)-2014]
2 A) 1.2 B) 0.1 C) 0.4 D) 2.0

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
8. A wooden block floating in a bucket of water 13. Consider a solid sphere of radius R and mass
4  r2 
has of its volume submerged. When density   r    0 1  2 
,0  r  R . The
5  R 
certain amount of an oil is poured into the
minimum density of liquid in which it will float
bucket, it is found that the block is just under
is [JEE (Main)-2020]
the oil surface with half of its volume under
water and half in oil. The density of oil 20 0 0 20
relative to that of water is [JEE (Main)-2019] A) B) C) D)
5 3 5 3
A) 0.5 B) 0.8 C) 0.7 D) 0.6
9. A cubical block of side 0.5 m floats on water
with 30% of its volume under water. What
is the maximum weight that can be put on
the block without fully submerging it under
water? [Take, density of water = 103 kg/m3] 14.
[JEE (Main)-2019]
A) 30.1 kg B) 46.3 kg
C) 87.5 kg D) 65.4 kg
10. Water from a tap emerges vertically Two liquids of densities 1 and
downwards with an initial speed of 1.0 ms–1. 2 (  2  21  are filled up behind a square
The cross-sectional area of the tap is 10–4 wall of side 10m as shown in figure. Each
m2 . Assume that the pressure is constant
liquid has a height of 5m. The ratio of the
throughout the stream of water and that the
flow is streamlined. The cross-sectional area forces due to these liquids exerted on upper
of stream, 0.15 m below the tap would be: part MN to that at the lower part NO is
(Take g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2019] (Assume that the liquids are not mixing)
A) 1 × 10–5 m2 B) 5 × 10–5 m2 [JEE (Main) -2020]
C) 5 × 10–4 m2 D) 2 × 10–5 m2 A) 1/4 B) 1/2 C) 2/3 D) 1/3
11. A submarine experiences a pressure of 5.05 15. Water flows in a horizontal tube (see figure).
× 106 pa at a depth of d1 in a sea. When it
The pressure of water changes by 700 Nm–
goes further to a depth of d2, it experiences 2 between A and B where the area of cross
a pressure of 8.08 × 106 pa. Then d2 -d1 is
approximately (density of water = 103 kg/ section are 40 cm2 and 20 cm2 , respectively.
m 3 and acceleration due to gravity Find the rate of flow of water through the
=10ms2)[JEE (Main)-2019] tube. [JEE (Main)-2020] (density of
A) 600 m B) 500 m C) 300 m D) 400 m water = 1000 kgm–3)
12. An ideal fluid flows (laminar flow) through a
pipe of non-uniform diameter. The maximum
and minimum diameters of the pipes are 6.4
cm and 4.8 cm, respectively. The ratio of the
minimum and the maximum velocities of
A) 3020 cm3/s B) 1810 cm3/s
fluid in this pipe is [JEE (Main)-2020]
C) 2720 cm3/s D) 2420 cm3/s
81 9 3 3
A) B) C) D)
256 16 4 2

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS
16. A fluid is flowing through a horizontal pipe
of varying cross-section, with speed v ms-1
at a point where the pressure is P pascal. At
P
another point where resssure is pascal its
2
speed is V ms-1. If the density of the fluid is
 kg m-3 and the flow is streamline, then V
is equal to [JEE (Main) -2020] A 2a a
A) B) None of these C) D)
2a A A
P 2P
A)  v2 B)  v2
  20. The water is filled upto height of 12 m in a
tank having vertical sidewalls. A hole is made
P P in one of the walls at a depth ‘h’ below the
C) v D)  v2 water level. The value of ‘h’ for which the
 2
emerging stream of water strikes the ground
17. A hydraulic press can lift 100 kg when a mass at the maximum range is ________m. [JEE
‘m’ is placed on the smaller piston. It can (Main)-2021]
lift _______ kg when the diameter of the 21. An ideal fluid of density 800k gm-3, flows
larger piston is increased by 4 times and that smoothly through a bent pipe (as shown in
of the smaller piston is decreased by 4 times figure) that tapers in cross-sectional area
keeping the same mass ‘m’ on the smaller a
from a to . The pressure difference
piston. [JEE (Main)-2021] 2
between the wide and narrow sections of
18. The pressure acting on a submarine is
pipe is 4100Pa. At wider section, the velocity
3 × 105 Pa at a certain depth. If the depth is
doubled, the percentage increase in the x
of fluid is ms-1 for x = _________. (Given
pressure acting on the submarine would be: 6
(Assume that atmospheric pressure is g = 10 ms-2) [JEE (Main)-2022]
1 × 105 Pa, density of water is 103 kg m–3,
g = 10 ms–2) [JEE (Main)-2021]

200 3
A) % B) %
5 200

200 5
22. The area of cross-section of a large tank is
C) % D) % 0.5 m2. It has a narrow opening near the
3 200
bottom having area of cross-section 1 cm2.
19. A light cylindrical vessel is kept on a A load of 25 kg is applied on the water at
horizontal surface. Area of base is A. A hole the top in the tank. Neglecting the speed of
of cross sectional area ‘a’ is made just at water in the tank, the velocity of the water,
its bottom side. The minimum coefficient of coming out of the opening at the time when
friction necessary to prevent sliding the the height of water level in the tank is 40 cm
vessel due to the impact force of the above the bottom, will be ______ cms–1.
emerging liquid is (a < < A) [Take g = 10 ms–2] [JEE (Main)-2022]
[JEE (Main)-2021]

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
23. A liquid densit y 750 k gm -3 flows smoothly
0.74 10 4
through a horizontal pipe that tapers in Speed of efflux = m / s  2gh
60   4
cross-sectional area from A1  1.2  10 2 m 2
 9.82  2  10  h
A1
to A 2  . The pressure difference  h =4.8m
2
between the wide and narror sections of the dh
pipe is 4500 Pa. The rate of flow of liquid is 5.   2gh
dt
_______  103 m 3s 1 [JEE (Main) -2022]
EXERCISE - IV KEY a 2gh  Q

1) C 2) C 3) C 4) C 104 2gh  104

5) A 6) A 7) D 8) D
9) C 10) B 11) C 12) B 1
13) A 14) A 15) C 16) A h
2g
17) 25600 18) C 19) C 20) 6
21) 363 22) 300 23) 24 h = 5.1 cm
HINTS & SOLUTIONS 6. Let area be A.

1.   oil ball musts sink in oil alone. A 2 A

F v   2v 2
4 4
As    water , ball must float in water..
3Av 2 3 2
2. For equilibrium, Pressure =  v
4A 4
L 7.
Mg  Ag  kx 0
2

Mg  LA 
 x0  1  
k  2M 
3. Equating pressure at A

  4 rad / s
h x 2
dy 2 x x
tan      dy   .dx
dx g 0 0 g

 R cos   R sin   d2 g   R cos   R sin   d1g 2 x 2

5102

y 
d1 cos   sin  1  tan  2g 0
  
d 2 cos   sin  1  tan 
162  25 104
y   1.9cm  2.0cm
0.74 3 2 10
4. Volume flow Rate = m /s
60

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FLUID MECHANICS PHYSICS

4 13. For minimum density of liquid, solid sphere has

8. Vg  v w g to float (completely immersed) in the liquid.
5
 mg  FB  Also Vimmersed  Vtotal 
v v
Vg   w g  0 g
2 2 4 3
or  dV  R 
3
   4
  w  oil   
 2 2  5 R
 r2  4
  0 4 1  2  .r 2dr  R 3
oil 4 1 3 0  R  3
       
2  5 2  10 R
 r3 r5  4
 40   2   R 3
3
  oil     0.6  3 5R  0 3
5
40 R 3 2 4 3 20
3 30    R   
9. Given  50    1  g  M cube g ......(i) 3 5 3 5
100
Let m mass should be placed 14.

3
Hence  50   1  g   M cube  m  g ......(ii)
equation (ii) - equation (i)
3
 mg   50   g 1  0.3   125  0.7  103 g

 m  87.5kg F1 
 P1  P2  A F2 
 P2  P3  A
2 2
2
10. Using Bernoullie’s equation v 2  v  2gh 1
F1 5g 5 1
   
Equation of continuity A1V1  A 2 V2 F2 20g 20 4

 15  1
2 15.  PA  PB     VB2  VA2 
1cm  1m / s    A   1
2
2  2  10  
100  2

1  V2  3
1  P    VB2  B   P  VB2
 A 2  In cm    A 2  5  10 5 m 2
2
2  4  8
2
11. P  P2  P1  gH  P  8   P  4 700  4
VB  m/s
3.03  106  103  10  H  H  300m 3 1500 1500

12. A1v1 = A2v2 (Equation of continuity)  28  cm 3

Q  A B VB   20     100
 15  s
2
v min v1 A 2  4.8 9
   2

v max v 2 A1  6.4  16
Q  2720cm3 / s

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PHYSICS FLUID MECHANICS
21. Applying Bernoulli’s theorem:
1 2 P 1 P
2
16. P  v   V  V   v2
2 2 2  1 1 2
P1  gh  v 2  P2  0    2v 
2 2
100g mg
17. Initially A  A  A 2  A1  Putting the values,
1 2
3 
4100  800  v 2  10   v  363 m / s
Mg mg 2  6
Later 16A  A / 16  M = 25600
1 2
22. By Bernoulli’s theorem:
2P0 250 1
18. P1  P0  gh1 h1   gh  v 2  v = 3m/s
g 0.5 2
P2  P0  4P0  5P0 v = 300cm/s
23. Using Bernoulli’s equation
P2  P1 200
% increase = P  100  3 %
1

19. Ve  2gh Thrust force = friction

av 2    Ah  g a  2gh   Agh

2a 1 1
 P1  v 2  P2  4v 2
A 2 2
20. For maximum range
3 2 2  P1  P2 
v  P1  P2  v 
2 3

2  4500
  2m / sec
3  750
So Q = A1v = 24 × 10–3 m3/s.
H 12
h = H-h h   m  6m
2 2

****

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