ARMY CADETS

DRILL & TURNOUT

TRAINING MANUAL

INCLUDES foot drill, rifle

exercises, banner drill,
pace-stick and turnout training
for Army Cadets and CFAVs

AC72147 Version 1 | 2021

Contributors
Army Cadet Force
Combined Cadet Force
CTC Frimley Park

Design and editing

Salt Media

Front cover image © Jason Cairnduff

Other images © Jason Cairnduff © Peter Russell
First published in Great Britain in 2021 by Army Cadet Force
Text © 2021 Army Cadet Force
Design and layout © 2021 Army Cadet Force

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Contents
Definitions of terms used in the manual 9
How to use the manual 11

FOOT DRILL

Introduction 12
The aim and purpose of drill
Lesson 1 15
ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE and
STAND EASY at the halt
Lesson 2 29
DRESSING in three ranks
Lesson 3 41
OPEN ORDER at the halt – FRONT RANK and
CLOSE ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK
Lesson 4 53
CLOSE ORDER at the halt – FRONT RANK
and OPEN ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK
Lesson 5 65
TURNINGS at the halt – LEFT and RIGHT TURNS
Lesson 6 75
TURNINGS at the halt – ABOUT TURN

3
 FOOT DRILL cont.

Lesson 7 84
TURNINGS at the halt – LEFT and
RIGHT INCLINE
Lesson 8 94
COMPLIMENTS: reason, origin and information
Lesson 9 100
SALUTE TO THE FRONT at the halt
Lesson 10 111
MARCHING and HALTING in quick time
Lesson 11 131
SALUTING TO THE RIGHT and
LEFT FLANK on the march
Instructor’s notes 148
Paying of COMPLIMENTS
Lesson 12 152
DISMISSING and FALLING OUT
Instructor’s notes 164
Getting on parade, numbering,
proving and sizing

4
 FOOT DRILL cont.

Lesson 13 171
TURNINGS TO THE RIGHT and
LEFT FLANK in quick time
Lesson 14 186
ABOUT TURN in quick time
Lesson 15 203
CHANGE STEP in quick time
Lesson 16 215
MARKING TIME in quick time at the halt –
HALTING from MARKING TIME in quick time
Lesson 17 225
MARKING TIME in quick time and FORWARD
from MARKING TIME in quick time
Lesson 18 237
CHANGING STEP while MARKING
TIME at the halt in quick time
Instructor’s notes 244
WHEELING in quick time

5
 RIFLE EXERCISES

Lesson 1 247
ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE and
STAND EASY with the rifle at the shoulder
Lesson 2 263
CHANGE ARMS at the shoulder
Lesson 3 279
SLOPE ARMS from the shoulder
Lesson 4 294
SHOULDER ARMS from the slope
Lesson 5 310
CHANGE ARMS at the slope
Lesson 6 326
PRESENT ARMS from the slope
Lesson 7 341
SLOPE ARMS from the present

6
 RIFLE EXERCISES cont.

Lesson 8 354
GROUND ARMS from the shoulder
Lesson 9 375
TAKE UP ARMS from ground arms
Lesson 10 394
SALUTING TO THE FRONT at the halt
Lesson 11 404
SALUTING TO A FLANK at the halt
Lesson 12 415
SALUTING TO A FLANK on the march

7
 BANNER DRILL
All movements 429

THE PACE-STICK
History 443
All movements 447

TURNOUT
Clothing and appearance 472

ANNEXES
1. Aids to drill 488
2. The words of command 493
3. The introductory words of command 502
4. Delivery of words of command 505
5. Time and pace 512
6. Notes for inspecting officers 515

8
 Definitions of terms
used in the manual
Alignment A straight line on which a body
of cadets/CFAVs is formed or is to form.
Covering Placing oneself directly
behind another body.
Depth The space occupied by a body
of cadets/CFAVs from front to rear.
Distance The space between cadets/
CFAVs or bodies from front to rear.
Dressing Aligning oneself with and covering
others within a body of cadets/CFAVs
File:
a) Two or three cadets/CFAVs in different
ranks who are covering each other.
b) A body of cadets/CFAVs in
two ranks facing a flank.
Single file Cadets/CFAVs one behind another on
a frontage of one at normal marching distance.
Blank file A file in which there is no centre
and rear body, or no centre body, due to the
inequality of numbers within a body of cadets/
CFAVs. This file is the second from the left in three
ranks and the third from the left in two ranks.

9
Flank Either side of a body of cadets/
CFAVs – as opposed to its front or rear.
Directing flank The flank by which a body
of cadets/CFAVs takes its dressing.
Frontage The extent of ground covered
laterally by a body of cadets/CFAVs,
measured from flank to flank.
Interval The lateral space measured between
cadets/CFAVs on the same alignment.
Line Cadets/CFAVs formed on the same alignment.
Markers Cadets/CFAVs employed to mark points
on which a movement is to be directed, or by which
a formation or alignment is to be regulated.
Order (close or open) The distance between
ranks in line which is either 750mm (30 inches) or
1500mm (60 inches), depending on circumstances.
Rank A line of cadets/CFAVs side by side.
Supernumerary rank The extra rank,
fourth rank in three ranks, or third in two
ranks, formed by the senior NCOs.

10
 How to use the manual
Within all lessons and notes, drill positions are
written in CAPITAL LETTERS AND ITALICS for ease
of use. Spoken commands are further highlighted
using BOLD CAPITAL LETTERS AND ITALICS.

Examples:

The instructor is to demonstrate

the movement of AT EASE.

The instructor gives the words of

command STAND AT – EASE!

11
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Introduction

The aim and

purpose of drill
12
Aim
0101 The aim of this document is to
explain the purpose of drill and turnout
and to teach the basic movements.

Introduction
0102 The aim of drill is to produce a
cadet who is proud, alert and obedient,
and to provide the basis of teamwork.
0103 Drill has evolved over a long period of time
and is accepted as the foundation of military
discipline. The main purpose of formal parade
ground drill is to enable bodies of cadets to be
moved easily and quickly from point to point in
an orderly manner. In doing so, it has particular
value for cadets in making them alert and teaching
them to hold themselves properly, to develop their
lungs and muscles and improve the awkwardness
of gait which is often present in adolescents.

13
Miscellaneous

0104 Foot drill is confined to those movements in

quick time used on normal parades, while rifle drill
is confined to movements concerned primarily with
cadet ceremonial parades. The drill syllabus should
result in a high standard of drill being attained,
provided the instructors prepare beforehand
what they are going to teach and ensure they
know their subject by referring to the manual.

0105 More advanced drill, required for ceremonial

and other specific occasions, is not included
in this manual. Should it be required, it can be
learnt by selected cadets comparatively quickly,
if the basic movements have been well taught
under the tutelage of a good drill instructor.
a. It is of vital importance that the instructor
should not only have the knowledge and ability
to instruct but should be able to set an example
of smartness in their bearing and movements,
as well as in their turnout. Slovenliness of any
sort cannot be tolerated, for this will lead to
poor drill, which is worse than no drill at all.

14
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 1

ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE

and STAND EASY at the halt
15
Aim
0106 To teach cadets the positions
of ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE
and STAND EASY at the halt

40

Timing
0107 One 40-minute period

Method
0108 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0109 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

16
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
0110 Form the squad into a straight line
and inspect turnout and cleanliness.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

0111 The three movements used

most when on parade are:

a. ATTENTION

b. STAND AT EASE

c. STAND EASY

17
 ATTENTION
0112 The instructor is to demonstrate
the position of ATTENTION.

18
 ATTENTION static

EXPLAIN

• Both feet are flat and firm on the ground,

heels in line and touching, with the toes at
an angle of 30 degrees from the line, front
centre of the body. Both knees are braced.

• The arms are straight and held into the sides

of the body, the forearms forced in behind
the hip bones and the wrists straight.

• The hands are closed with the thumbs

vertical and facing to the front, the backs
of the fingers touching the thigh just
behind the seam of the trousers.

19
• The shoulders are held down and back
to bring the chest to a normal position
without straining or stiffening.

• The head is held up with the neck

touching the back of the collar.

• The eyes are open.

• The body is now in the position of ATTENTION.

0113 Confirm by questions and practice,

first bringing the squad into the position.
Explain they are not required to call out.

20
 STAND AT EASE
0114 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
STAND AT – EASE!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

21
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on receipt of the word of command,

the left leg is bent in front of the body so the
thigh comes parallel to the ground with the
left foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced down to the

ground 300mm (12 inches) from the right foot.

• At the same time, the arms are forced

behind the back by the shortest possible
route, keeping the arms straight.

• Place the back of the right hand in the palm

of the left hand, the right thumb crossed over
the left thumb, fingers straight together.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• If equipment is worn, keep the arms to the side.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

22
0115

Point to note
The body is now in the correct position of
STAND AT EASE and the remainder of the
body is held erect and square to the front.

0116 Confirm by questions and practice, first

collectively, then individually and collectively
again. Then adopt the STAND AT EASE position.

23
 STAND EASY
0117 The instructor is to demonstrate
the movement, giving the words
of command STAND EASY!

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

body is allowed to relax, while still in
the STAND AT EASE position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will not call out.

• The body is now in the correct

position of STAND EASY.

0118 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

24
 STAND AT EASE
from STAND EASY
0119 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the word of command SQUAD!

STAND AT EASE from STAND EASY

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

body is braced up into the position of
STAND AT EASE. On the execution of this
movement the squad will not call out.

• The body is now in the correct

position of STAND AT EASE.

0120 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of STAND EASY and practise.
25
 ATTENTION from
STAND AT EASE
0121 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the word of command
SQUAD – SHUN!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
is parallel to the ground with the left foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced down beside the

right to resume the correct position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, the arms are forced to the side

of the body into the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

• The body is now in the correct

position of ATTENTION.

26
0122 Confirm by questions then adopt
the last position and practise.

Final demonstration of the

complete movement
0123 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of all movements then confirm
by questions and practice, first collectively, then
individually and collectively again, ensuring that on
the execution of the command STAND AT – EASE!
and SQUAD – SHUN! the squad calls out ONE.

27
 Conclusion
0124

End of lesson drill

a. Questions to and from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice as time permits.
c. Summary: to include the DRESSING
movements to be taught in the next lesson.

28
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 2

DRESSING in three ranks

29
Aim
0125 To teach DRESSING in three ranks

20

Timing
0126 One 20-minute period

Method
0127 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0128 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

30
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
0129 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction

EXPLAIN

0130 The next stage in foot drill is DRESSING

in three ranks. This movement is taught
to enable an individual or body of cadets
to take up alignment correctly in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

31
 DRESSING, RIGHT DRESS, EYES FRONT

RIGHT DRESS
0131 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of
command DRESSING, RIGHT – DRESS!, EYES
FRONT!, at the same time calling out the
regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For the purpose of instruction the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

32
 RIGHT DRESS 1
0132 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
DRESSING, BY NUMBERS, RIGHT DRESS – ONE!

33
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head

and eyes are forced through an angle of
90 degrees over the right shoulder.

• At the same time the right arm is forced up level

and in line with the right shoulder, over to the right
side of the body.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

0133

Points to note
a. The head and eyes are looking square over
the right shoulder, and the right arm is locked
at the elbow with the knuckles in line with the
shoulder of the cadet on the immediate right.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0134 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

34
 RIGHT DRESS 2
0135 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the feet are

moved in short, quick steps until the body is
correctly aligned with the right-hand cadet (who
stands still) or the cadet on the immediate right.

• Once the individual is correctly aligned the

body is frozen in the position of ATTENTION.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out TWO.

0136 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

35
 EYES – FRONT
0137 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
EYES – FRONT!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

head and eyes are forced through an
angle of 90 degrees to the front.

• At the same time the right arm is forced

down to the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

0138

Points to note
a.The rank is correctly aligned.
b. The body is held erect and square to the front.

0139 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

36
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
0140 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of both movements.
On the execution of this movement the squad is
to call out ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, moving
on the ONEs and remaining perfectly still on
the TWO THREE, thus observing the regulation
rate of 40 movements to the minute.

Points to note
a. On the command EYES – FRONT! call out ONE.
b. Those in the centre and rear rank will
glance out of the corner of the eye to ensure
correct COVERING OFF front to rear.
c. The right-hand cadet of the centre and
rear rank, on receipt of the word of command
RIGHT DRESS – ONE!, will force the right
arm forward, thumb uppermost, level and in
line with the person to their front, in order to
judge the correct distance between ranks.

37
 Conclusion
0141

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice as time permits.
c. Summary: to include the OPEN and CLOSE
ORDER movements to be taught in the next lesson.

38
 DRESSING

EXPLAIN

0142 Within the squad who are drilling,

every cadet must be in line with, and at the
correct interval from, the cadet to the left or
right of them. This is known as DRESSING.

39
 EXPLAIN

They must also be directly behind and at

the correct distance from their equivalent
in the rank in front of them. This is known
as COVERING (see diagram below).

REAR

One arm's length CENTRE

One arm's length FRONT

Right marker One arm's length

Diagram of a squad correctly

DRESSED and COVERED OFF

40
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 3

OPEN ORDER at the halt –

FRONT RANK and CLOSE ORDER
at the halt – REAR RANK
41
Aim
0143 To teach OPEN ORDER at the halt – FRONT
RANK and CLOSE ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK

40

Timing
0144 One 40-minute period

Method
0145 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0146 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

42
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
0147 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

0148 The next stage in foot drill is the OPEN

ORDER at the halt – FRONT RANK and CLOSE
ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK. This movement is
taught to enable an individual or body of cadets to
DRESS in OPEN ORDER in three ranks at the halt,
prior to being inspected and when being drilled
in a smart, uniformed manner. Order the squad to
STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

43
 OPEN ORDER, RIGHT
DRESS FRONT RANK

OPEN ORDER – FRONT RANK

0149 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement giving the words of
command DRESSING IN OPEN ORDER, RIGHT
– DRESS!, at the same time calling out the
regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For the purpose of instruction the

movement is broken down into numbered
parts. Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

44
 RIGHT DRESS 1
0150 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
DRESSING, BY NUMBERS, IN OPEN ORDER,
RIGHT DRESS – ONE!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left foot is

forced forward a full pace of 750mm (30 inches),
placing the foot flat and firm on the ground.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

45
 EXPLAIN

0151

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground,
while the right toes are on the ground, heel raised.
b. Both knees are braced and the remainder of
the body is held erect and square to the front.

0152 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

46
 RIGHT DRESS 2
0153 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground, with the foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is then forced down beside the

left to resume the position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out TWO.

0154

Point to note
The body is now as for OPEN ORDER,
held erect and square to the front.

0155 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

47
 RIGHT DRESS 3
0156 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out THREE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

eyes and right arm are forced through
an angle of 90 degrees to the right.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out THREE.

0157

Points to note
a. The head and eyes are looking
square over the right shoulder.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0158 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

48
 RIGHT DRESS 4
0159 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, at the same time calling
out FOUR as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the feet are moved

in short, quick paces until the body is correctly
aligned with the right-hand cadet (who looks to
the front) or the cadet on the immediate right.

• Once correctly aligned, the body is

frozen in the position of ATTENTION.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out FOUR.

0160

Points to note
a. The head and eyes are looking
square over the right shoulder.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0161 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.
49
 EYES – FRONT
0162 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FRONT!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command the head, eyes

and right arm are forced through an angle of
90 degrees to the front and the right arm
is forced into the right side of the body.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

0163

Points to note
a. The individual is in the OPEN ORDER.
b. The body is held erect and square to the front.

0164 Confirm by questions then

adopt the position and practise.

50
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
0165 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of both movements.
On the execution of this movement the squad
is to call out ONE TWO – TWO THREE –
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, thus observing
the regulation pause, working on the ONEs
and standing still on the TWO THREEs.

Points to note
a. The centre rank stands during the first
two movements. They must observe the
regulation pause and then carry out the
DRESSING. The centre and rear ranks must
glance out of the corner of the eye to
maintain correct alignment front to rear.
b. When DRESSING in two ranks the front rank
stands still and only the rear rank moves.
c. The actions carried out by the front
rank are the same as for the rear rank
when moving into CLOSE ORDER.
d. The right-hand cadets of the centre and rear
ranks do not force their right arm forward.

51
 Conclusion

0166

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include CLOSE and OPEN ORDER
at the halt to be taught in the next lesson.

52
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 4

CLOSE ORDER at the halt –

FRONT RANK and OPEN ORDER
at the halt – REAR RANK
53
Aim
0167 To teach CLOSE ORDER at the halt – FRONT
RANK and OPEN ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK

40

Timing
0168 One 40-minute period

Method
0169 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0170 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

54
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
0171 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

0172 The next stage in foot drill is the CLOSE

ORDER at the halt – FRONT RANK and OPEN
ORDER at the halt – REAR RANK. This movement
is taught to enable an individual or body of
cadets to dress in CLOSE ORDER in three ranks,
after inspection. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

55
 In OPEN ORDER, RIGHT
DRESS, REAR RANK

CLOSE ORDER – FRONT RANK

0173 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement giving the words of
command DRESSING IN CLOSE ORDER, RIGHT
– DRESS!, at the same time calling out the
regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For the purpose of instruction the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

56
 RIGHT DRESS 1
0174 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
DRESSING, BY NUMBERS, IN CLOSE ORDER,
RIGHT DRESS – ONE!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, a full

pace of 750mm (30 inches) is taken
backwards with the left foot, placing the
foot flat and firm on the ground.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

57
 EXPLAIN

0175

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the
ground, and both knees are braced.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0176 Confirm by questions then

adopt the position and practise.

58
 RIGHT DRESS 2
0177 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground, with the right
foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is then forced

down beside the left foot.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out TWO.

0178

Point to note
The body is now as for CLOSE ORDER,
held erect and square to the front.

0179 Confirm by questions then

adopt the position and practise.

59
 RIGHT DRESS 3
0180 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out THREE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

eyes and right arm are forced through
an angle of 90 degrees to the right.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out THREE.

0181

Points to note
a. The head and eyes are looking
square over the right shoulder.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0182 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

60
 RIGHT DRESS 4
0183 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, at the same time calling
out FOUR as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the feet are moved

in short, quick paces until the body is correctly
aligned with the right-hand cadet (who looks to
the front) or the cadet immediately to the right.

• Once correctly aligned, the body is

frozen in the position of ATTENTION.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out FOUR.

61
 EYES – FRONT
0184 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FRONT!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

eyes and right arm are forced through an angle
of 90 degrees to the front and the right arm
is forced into the right side of the body.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad is to call out ONE.

0185

Points to note
a. The head and eyes are looking
square over the right shoulder.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

0186 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

62
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
0187 The instructor is to give a final and complete
demonstration of the movement. On the execution
of this movement the squad will call out ONE TWO
– TWO THREE – ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, thus
observing the regulation pause, working on the
ONEs and standing still on the TWO THREEs.

Points to note
a. The centre rank stands during the first
two movements. They must observe the
regulation pause and then carry out the
DRESSING. The centre and rear ranks must
glance out of the corner of the eye to
maintain correct alignment front to rear.
b. When DRESSING in two ranks, the front
rank stand still and only the rear rank move.
c. The actions carried out by the front
rank in CLOSE ORDER are the same as
for the rear rank in OPEN ORDER.
d. The right-hand cadets of the centre and rear
ranks do not force their right arm forward.

63
 Conclusion

0188

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include the TURNINGS at the halt
movements to be taught in the next lesson.

64
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 5

TURNINGS at the halt –

LEFT and RIGHT TURNS
65
Aim
0189 To teach LEFT and RIGHT TURNS at the halt

40

Timing
0190 One 40-minute period

Method
0191 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0192 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

66
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
0193 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

0194 The next stages in foot drill are the

LEFT and RIGHT TURNS at the halt. These
movements are taught to enable an individual
or body of cadets to turn through an angle of
90 degrees to the left or right at the halt in
a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to
STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

67
 LEFT TURN static

LEFT TURN
0195 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of
command TURNINGS, LEFT – TURN!, at
the same time calling out the regulation
time as the movement is being executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

68
 LEFT TURN 1
0196 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, BY NUMBERS, LEFT TURN
– ONE!, at the same time calling out
ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

shoulders, body and left foot are forced through
an angle of 90 degrees to the left by means
of pivoting on the left heel and right toe.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

69
 EXPLAIN

0197

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the
ground with the right heel raised.
b. The body weight is over the left foot,
with the knees braced and the remainder of
the body erect and square to the front.

0198 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

70
 LEFT TURN 2
0199 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right

knee is bent and forced in front of the body
so that the thigh is parallel to the ground with
the foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is then forced to the ground to

resume the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out TWO.

01100

Point to note
The body is now facing the new direction having
resumed the correct position of ATTENTION.

01101 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

71
 RIGHT TURN
01102 The instructor is to repeat the
instruction for the RIGHT TURN.

RIGHT TURN static

72
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
01103 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of both movements.
On the execution of the movements the squad
will call out ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, moving
on the ONEs and remaining perfectly still on
the TWO THREE, thus observing the regulation
rate of 40 movements to the minute.
01104 Confirm by questions and practice.

73
 Conclusion

01105

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include ABOUT TURN at
the halt to be taught in the next lesson.

74
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 6

TURNINGS at the halt

– ABOUT TURN
75
Aim
01106 To teach ABOUT TURN at the halt

40

Timing
01107 One 40-minute period

Method
01108 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01109 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

76
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01110 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01111 The next stage in foot drill is ABOUT

TURN at the halt. This movement is taught to
enable an individual or body of cadets to turn
through an angle of 180 degrees to the right, in a
smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

77
 ABOUT TURN static

ABOUT TURN
01112 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words
of command TURNINGS, ABOUT – TURN!,
at the same time calling out the regulation
time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement is broken

down into numbered parts. Order the squad to
continue watching while you demonstrate each part.

78
 ABOUT TURN 1
01113 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, BY NUMBERS, ABOUT
TURN – ONE!, at the same time calling out
ONE as the movement is executed.

79
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

shoulders, body and right foot are forced through
an angle of 180 degrees to the right by means of
pivoting on the right heel and left toe.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out ONE.

01114

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground with
the left toes on the ground and the heel raised.
b. Both knees are braced and the remainder
of the body is erect and square to the front.

01115 Confirm by questions then adopt

the position of ATTENTION and practise.

80
 ABOUT TURN 2
01116 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left knee is

bent and forced in front of the body so the thigh
is parallel to the ground with the left foot hanging
naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced down beside the

right foot.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out TWO.

01117

Point to note
The body is now in the correct position of
ATTENTION facing the new direction.

01118 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

81
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
01119 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement. On the
execution of this movement the squad will call
out the regulation time of ONE – TWO THREE –
ONE, moving on the ONEs and remaining perfectly
still on the TWO THREE, thus observing the
regulation rate of 40 movements to the minute.
01120 Confirm by questions and practice.

82
 Conclusion

01121

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include TURNINGS at the
halt to be taught in the next lesson.

83
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 7

TURNINGS at the halt – LEFT

and RIGHT INCLINE
84
Aim
01122 To teach RIGHT and
LEFT INCLINES at the halt

20

Timing
01123 One 20-minute period

Method
01124 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01125 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

85
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01126 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01127 The next stages in foot drill are the

RIGHT and LEFT INCLINES at the halt. These
movements are taught to enable an individual
or body of cadets to turn through an angle of
45 degrees to the right or left at the halt in
a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to
STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

86
 RIGHT INCLINE static

RIGHT INCLINE
01128 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words of
command INCLININGS, RIGHT – INCLINE!,
at the same time calling out the regulation
time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

87
 RIGHT INCLINE 1
01129 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
INCLININGS, BY NUMBERS, RIGHT
INCLINE – ONE!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

88
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

shoulders, body and right foot are forced through
an angle of 45 degrees to the right by means
of pivoting on the right heel and left toe.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

01130

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the
ground with the left heel raised.
b. The body weight is over the right foot,
with the knees braced and the remainder of
the body erect and square to the front.

01131 Confirm by questions then adopt

the position of ATTENTION and practise.

89
 RIGHT INCLINE 2
01132 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left knee

is bent and forced in front of the body so that
the thigh is parallel to the ground with the
foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced to the ground to

resume the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out TWO.

01133

Point to note
The body is now facing the new direction having
resumed the correct position of ATTENTION.

01134 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

90
 LEFT INCLINE static

LEFT INCLINE
01135 The instructor is to repeat the
instruction for the LEFT INCLINE.

91
 Final demonstration of
both complete movements
01136 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movements.
There is a difference in DRESSING and COVERING
which occurs when inclined. Each person’s right
shoulder must be aligned with the centre of
the back of the person next to them and, in
the case of those in the centre and rear ranks,
the left shoulder must cover the centre of the
back of the person originally covered off.
On the execution of the movements the squad
will call out the regulation time of ONE – TWO
THREE – ONE, moving on the ONEs and remaining
perfectly still on the TWO THREE, thus observing
the regulation rate of 40 movements to the minute.

01137 Confirm by questions and practice.

92
 Conclusion

01138

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice as time permits.
c. Summary: to include the movements
to be taught in the next lesson.

93
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 8

COMPLIMENTS: reason,
origin and information

94
Aim
01139 To teach cadets why and when
COMPLIMENTS are paid

20

Timings
01140 Two 20-minute periods

Method
01141 Lecture, or alternatively the information
can be given to the cadet while instructing the
period on SALUTING

95
Conduct of
the lesson
Background, reason
and origin

01142

EXPLAIN

• The SALUTE with the hand and the PRESENT

were methods by which the person paying a
COMPLIMENT could show the person to whom the
COMPLIMENT was paid that no offence was meant.
• They are gestures symbolic of loyalty and trust.
• A SALUTE is, in fact, the normal greeting
between comrades in arms.
• That a SALUTE is given when a cadet meets an
officer is a basic matter of discipline.
• That the SALUTE is properly and smartly given is
a matter of training.
• Failure by an officer to return a SALUTE shows a
lack of courtesy on their part.
• All COMPLIMENTS derive their origin from the
Sovereign, to whom the highest compliment, the
ROYAL SALUTE, is paid.

96
Because of their link with the Sovereign,
the following are also paid some form of
COMPLIMENT:

a. Members of the Royal Family

b. Governors and ministers to whom the Sovereign

delegates authority

c. Formed bodies of troops on the Sovereign’s business

d. All standards, guidons and colours of regiments

of the Army and their equivalent in the Royal Navy,
Royal Marines and Royal Air Force

e. All officers, as holders of the Sovereign’s commission

97
 When COMPLIMENTS are paid

EXPLAIN

01143 COMPLIMENTS are paid on the

following occasions:
a. The national anthem
1. When on parade or in an organised party, all
ranks will stand to ATTENTION, but only officers
and warrant officers will SALUTE. NCOs will only
SALUTE if they are in charge of an organised party.
2. When not on parade, but in uniform,
all ranks will SALUTE.
3. When not on parade, and in plain clothes, all
ranks will stand to ATTENTION.
b. Military funerals
All cadets in uniform, when passing a military
funeral, will SALUTE the bier.
c. When riding a bicycle
The rider of a bicycle (motor or pedal) will not
SALUTE or look to their flank when the bicycle is
moving. When stationary he/she will SALUTE by
giving EYES RIGHT or EYES LEFT but will not take
his/her hands off the handlebars.

98
d. Standards, guidons and colours
These are entitled to the highest COMPLIMENTS.
1. Formed bodies on the march will give EYES
RIGHT or LEFT.
2. Individuals will HALT, face the passing standards,
guidons or colours and SALUTE, or if passing will
SALUTE to the right or left. The same COMPLIMENT
will be paid to the colours of the Royal Navy and
Royal Air Force.
e. When boarding Her Majesty’s ships
All ranks boarding any of Her Majesty’s ships are to
SALUTE the quarterdeck.

99
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 9

SALUTE TO THE
FRONT at the halt

100
Aim
01144 To teach SALUTE TO
THE FRONT at the halt

20

Timing
01145 One 20-minute period

Method
01146 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

101
Preparation
01147 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

Miscellaneous
01148 This lesson is taught before the
main lesson of SALUTE TO THE FLANK

102
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01149 The squad stood properly AT
EASE in OPEN ORDER, in three ranks.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01150 SALUTING is introduced by teaching

SALUTE TO THE FRONT at the halt. The movement
is taught to enable an individual or body of
cadets to pay the correct COMPLIMENT to a
commissioned officer or an uncased colour/banner
in a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to
STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

103
 SALUTE FRONT static

SALUTE TO THE FRONT

01151 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words of
command SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE FRONT
– SALUTE!, at the same time calling out the
regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

104
 SALUTE TO THE FRONT 1
01152 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SALUTING, BY NUMBERS, SALUTE TO
THE FRONT – ONE!, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

105
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right

arm is raised sideways until it is horizontal.
Straighten the fingers and thumb, keeping them
together, with the palm facing to the front.

• The elbow is then bent, keeping the wrist and

hand straight, until the tip of the forefinger is one
inch above the right eye, palm facing to the front.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

01153

Point to note
The body is now in the correct position of the
SALUTE and is held erect and square to the front.

01154 Confirm by questions and practice.

106
 SALUTE TO THE FRONT 2
01155 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling
out TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command the elbow is forced

away, and the finger and thumb curled into a fist.

• The hand is then forced down to the side

of the body by straightening the arm.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out TWO.

01156

Point to note
The body is now back to the position
of ATTENTION and is held erect
and square to the front.

01157 Confirm by questions and practice.

107
 Final demonstration of
the complete movement
01158 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement.
On the execution of this movement the squad will
call out ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, moving on
the ONEs and standing still on the TWO THREE.

EXPLAIN

01159 When a cadet delivers a message

or speaks to an officer, they approach, HALT,
SALUTE, deliver the message or speak. They
then SALUTE again, turn in the direction in
which they are to retire and MARCH away.

108
01160 The order for practising this movement
is given as the left heel strikes the ground.
While judging the regulation pause between
movements the cadet or squad then:

a. HALTS

b. SALUTES TO THE FRONT

c. SALUTES TO THE FRONT again

d. TURNS ABOUT

e. STEPS OFF in quick time

01161 Confirm by questions and

practise all movements.

109
 Conclusion

01162

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include MARCHING and HALTING
in quick time to be taught in the next lesson.

110
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 10

MARCHING and HALTING

in quick time
111
Aim
01163 To teach MARCHING and
HALTING in quick time

40

Timing
01164 One 40-minute period

Method
01165 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

112
Preparation
01166 Select an area on the parade square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

Miscellaneous
01167 This lesson is taught before the main
lesson of SALUTING TO THE FLANK

113
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01168 The squad stood properly AT EASE in a
straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01169 The next stage in foot drill is to learn

MARCHING and HALTING in quick time. These
movements are taught to enable an individual or
body of cadets to MARCH at the regulation rate
of 116 paces per minute and to HALT in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND EASY
and watch your demonstration.

114
 HALT quick time

MARCHING and HALTING in

quick time
01170 The instructor is to demonstrate both
complete movements giving the words of command
QUICK – MARCH!, at the same time calling out
LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT, for 11 paces. The instructor
is then to HALT, at the same time calling out ONE
TWO as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

Dealing firstly with MARCHING in quick time. For

instructional purposes this movement is broken
down into numbered parts. Order the squad to
continue watching while you demonstrate each part.

115
 QUICK MARCH 1
01171 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
MARCHING, BY NUMBERS, QUICK MARCH –
ONE!, at the same time calling out LEFT as the
movement is executed.

116
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left foot is forced

forward a full 750mm (30 inches) marching pace.

• At the same time, the right arm is forced forward

and the left arm to the rear.

• The body is frozen in this position.

117
01172

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground.
The left heel is on the ground with the toes raised.
Both knees are braced, and the right arm is forced
forward in line and level with the right shoulder.
b. The fingers are clenched to form a fist with the
thumb forcing down on the index finger, to assist
in locking the arm at the elbow, with the knuckles
facing forward.
c. The left arm is forced to the rear as far as is
physically possible. The fingers are clenched to
form a fist with the thumb forcing down on the
index finger, to assist in locking the arm in at the
elbow, with knuckles facing outwards.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and
square to the front.

01173 Adopt the position of ATTENTION and

confirm by practice.

118
 QUICK MARCH 2
01174 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– TWO!, at the same time calling out RIGHT as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right foot is

forced forward a full 750mm (30 inches) marching
pace, bending at the knee sufficiently to pass
through the correct position of ATTENTION, and at
the same time alternating the arms.

• The body is frozen in this position.

119
01175

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground. The
right heel is on the ground with the toes raised.
Both knees are braced.
b. The left arm is forced forward in line and level
with the left shoulder. The fingers are clenched
to form a fist with the thumb forcing down on the
index finger, to assist in locking the arm in at the
elbow, with knuckles facing outwards.
c. The right arm is forced to the rear as far as is
physically possible. The fingers are clenched to
form a fist with the thumb forcing down on the
index finger, to assist in locking the arm in at the
elbow, with knuckles facing outwards.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.

01176 Adopt the position of ATTENTION and

confirm by practice.

120
 QUICK MARCH 3
01177 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD –
THREE!, at the same time calling out LEFT as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

The movement is the same as in QUICK MARCH 2

only with the left foot and on the execution of the
movement the squad will call out LEFT.

121
Practice

01178 After a final collective practice, bring the

squad to ATTENTION. The instructor is then to step
the squad off at the regulation pace of 116 paces
to the minute calling out LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT for
11 paces at least.

EXPLAIN

• As LEFT is called out it is the left heel that

strikes the ground first. The right arm is at the top
of its forward swing, level and in line with the right
shoulder and the left arm is forced fully to the rear
as far as is physically possible.

• When RIGHT is called out it is the right heel that

strikes the ground. The left arm is at the top of
its forward swing, level and in line with the right
shoulder and the right arm is forced fully to the rear
as far as is physically possible.

• Continue practice then order the squad to

STAND EASY.

122
 THE HALT

EXPLAIN

01179 For instructional purposes the HALT

movement is broken down into numbered parts.

SQUAD HALT 1
01180 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
HALTING, BY NUMBERS, SQUAD HALT – ONE!,
at the same time calling FREEZE as the movement
is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, as the left heel

strikes the ground, a further marching pace of
750mm (30 inches) is taken with the right foot, at
the same time as the arms are alternating.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out FREEZE.

123
01181

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground. The
left toes are on the ground with the heel raised and
both knees braced.
b. The left arm is forced forward in line and level
with the shoulder and the right arm is forced to the
rear as far as is physically possible.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.

01182 The squad is to be brought to

ATTENTION, the order QUICK MARCH given and
the movement practised.

124
 SQUAD HALT 2
01183 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– TWO!, at the same time calling out ONE as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left foot is

forced forward 375mm (15 inches), placing the
foot flat and firmly on the ground, at the same time
alternating the arms.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out ONE.

125
01184

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground.

b. The right toes are on the ground with the heel

raised. Both knees are braced and the right arm is
forced forward in line and level with the shoulder.

c. The left arm is forced to the rear as far as is

physically possible.

d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

01185 Adopt the last position and confirm

by practice.

126
 SQUAD HALT 3
01186 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– THREE!, at the same time calling out TWO as the
movement is executed.

127
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the right knee is

bent and forced in front of the body, so that the
thigh is parallel with the ground, with the foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is then forced to the ground to

resume the correct position of ATTENTION, at the
same time forcing both arms into the side of the
body in a scissor-like manner.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out TWO.

Point to note
01187 The body is now in the correct position of
ATTENTION, erect and square to the front.

01188 Adopt the last position and confirm

by practice.

128
 Final demonstration of the
complete movements

01189 The instructor is to give a final and

complete demonstration of both movements. On
the execution of the HALT the squad will call out
ONE TWO on the last two movements. Common
faults are:
a. Stepping a pace more or less than
750mm (30 inches).
b. Not keeping the arms, wrists and hands straight.
c. Not pulling the arms fully to the rear.
d. Allowing the feet to come to the ground with
the knee bent.
e. Not swinging the arm in a straight line from
front to rear.

01190 The squad is to practise the

whole movement.

129
 Conclusion

01191

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include SALUTING TO THE RIGHT
and LEFT FLANK on the march to be taught in the
next lesson.

130
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 11

SALUTING TO THE RIGHT and

LEFT FLANK on the march

131
Aim
01192 To teach SALUTING TO
A FLANK on the march

40

Timing
01193 One 40-minute period

Method
01194 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01195 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

132
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01196 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01197 The next stage in saluting is to

learn SALUTE TO THE LEFT and RIGHT on
the march. These movements are taught to
enable an individual or body of cadets to pay
the correct COMPLIMENTS to a commissioned
officer or an uncased colour/banner in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

133
 SALUTE TO THE LEFT
01198 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words
of command SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE
LEFT – SALUTE!, at the same time calling out
ONE – TWO – THREE – FOUR – FIVE – DOWN
– SWING as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

134
 SALUTE TO THE LEFT 1
01199 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SALUTING, BY NUMBERS, SALUTE TO
THE LEFT – ONE, at the same time calling
out ONE as the movement is executed.

135
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is given as

the left heel strikes the ground, a full marching
pace of 750mm (30 inches) is taken with the
right foot, at the same time swinging the left
arm forward and the right arm to the rear.

• Then a further full marching pace of 750mm

(30 inches) is taken with the left foot.

• As the heel of the left foot contacts the

ground, the right arm is forced from the rear,
through the position of ATTENTION, into the
correct position of SALUTE TO THE LEFT.

• At the same time, the left arm is forced

down to the side of the body.

• At the same time, the head and eyes are

forced square across the left shoulder into
the correct position of SALUTE TO THE LEFT
and the body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out ONE.

136
01200

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground, and
the left heel is on the ground with the toes raised.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The head, eyes, right hand, wrist, forearm and
elbow are in the correct position of SALUTE
TO THE LEFT while the remainder of the
body is held erect and square to the front.

01201 The instructor is to turn the

squad to the left, give the order QUICK
MARCH and confirm by practice.

137
 SALUTE TO THE LEFT 2
01202 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– TWO, at the same time calling out TWO – THREE
– FOUR – FIVE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, a further four full

marching paces of 750mm (30 inches) are taken.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement the squad

will call out TWO – THREE – FOUR – FIVE.

138
01203

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the
ground, the left heel is on the ground with
the toes raised, and both knees are braced.
b. The head, eyes, right hand, wrist, forearm
and elbow are in the correct position
of SALUTE throughout the execution
of these four full marching paces.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01204 The squad is to adopt the SALUTE TO

THE LEFT 1 position and confirm by practice.

139
 SALUTE TO THE LEFT 6
01205 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – SIX, at the same time calling out
DOWN as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, a full pace of

750mm (30 inches) is taken with the right foot.

• As the right heel strikes the ground, the head

and eyes are forced square to the front.

• At the same time, the right hand is forced

down to the side of the body, closing
the fingers and thumb into a fist.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out DOWN.

140
01206

Points to note
a. The right heel is on the ground, toes raised.
b. The left foot is flat and firm on the
ground. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01207 The squad is to adopt the SALUTE TO

THE LEFT 2 position and confirm by practice.

141
 SQUAD – FORWARD
01208 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FORWARD!, at the same time calling
out SWING as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, a full pace

of 750mm (30 inches) is taken with the
left foot. At the same time the right arm is
swung forward, the left arm to the rear.

• The instructor continues to MARCH in quick time.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out SWING.

142
01209

Points to note
a. The left heel strikes the ground first.
The right arm is swung forward level
and in line with the right shoulder.
b. The left arm is forced to the rear as far
as physically possible, while marching at the
regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01210 Confirm by practice from the last position.

143
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT in quick time

SALUTE TO THE RIGHT

EXPLAIN

01211

a. SALUTE TO THE RIGHT is exactly the

same, changing left for right etc.

b. A formed body of cadets on the march pays

COMPLIMENTS by giving EYES LEFT/RIGHT and
EYES FRONT. The officer, warrant officer or non-
commissioned officer in charge will SALUTE.

144
SALUTE TO THE RIGHT

145
 Final demonstration of
the complete movements
01212 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movements. On
their execution the squad will call out ONE –
TWO – THREE – FOUR – FIVE – DOWN SWING.

146
 Conclusion

01213

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include DISMISSING and FALLING
OUT to be taught in the next lesson.

147
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Instructor's notes

Paying of COMPLIMENTS

148
Collectively
EYES RIGHT and LEFT
01214 A formed body of cadets on
the march pays COMPLIMENTS to the
left or right in the following way:
The following are the words of command:
1. BY THE RIGHT, EYES – RIGHT! This is given
as the left heel strikes the ground. When the
left heel next strikes, turn the head through
90 degrees to the right and continue to swing
the arms throughout. Common faults are:
a. Shortening the length of pace and
losing balance and direction.
b. Leaning back.
c. Not looking upwards and at the person
being paid the COMPLIMENT.

Point to note
The right-hand cadet or right guide will look
to the front throughout and the officer and
NCOs in command of cadets will SALUTE.

2. EYES – FRONT! This is given as the left heel

strikes the ground. When the left heel next
strikes the ground, turn the head to the front.

149
Individually
SALUTING when
in plain clothes and
without head dress
01215 A cadet, without head dress,
whether in uniform or plain clothes,
SALUTES in the following ways:
a. When passing an officer the arms will return
to the position of ATTENTION and the head will
turn in the direction of the officer on the left
foot. The position is maintained for five paces
and returns to the front on the sixth pace.
b. When passed by an officer the cadet will
stand to ATTENTION facing the officer.

Point to note
If a cadet is in plain clothes with head
dress, they remove it and act as above.

150
 SALUTING with the left hand
01216 A cadet who has injured the right
hand or arm will SALUTE with the left hand.

01217 Instructors should teach their squads

these procedures for COMPLIMENTS at this stage
of training, at a convenient time in the lessons.

151
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 12

DISMISSING and
FALLING OUT

152
Aim
01218 To teach DISMISSING and FALLING OUT

40

Timing
01219 One 40-minute period

Method
01220 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional
lesson

Preparation
01221 Select an area on the parade square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

153
Conduct of the
lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01222 The squad stood properly AT EASE in a
straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01223 The next stage in foot drill is to learn

to DISMISS and FALL OUT from parade. These
movements are taught to enable an individual or
body of cadets to DISMISS or FALL OUT from a
parade in a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad
to STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

154
 FALL OUT with SALUTE

DISMISS/FALL OUT
01224 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
DISMISS/FALL OUT!, at the same time calling out
the regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

The actions for both movements are the

same, broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

155
 FALL OUT no salute

DISMISS/FALL OUT 1
01225 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
DISMISSING/FALLING OUT, BY NUMBERS,
DISMISS/FALL OUT – ONE!, at the same time
calling out ONE as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

shoulders, body and right foot are forced to the
right through an angle of 90 degrees by means
of pivoting on the right heel and left toes.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of the movement

the squad will call out ONE.

156
01226

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground, and
the left toes are on the ground with the heels raised.
b. Both knees are braced with the remainder of the
body held erect and square to the front.

01227 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

157
 DISMISS/FALL OUT 2
01228 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left leg

is bent in front of the body so that the thigh
comes parallel to the ground, with the left
foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced to

the ground beside the right.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of the movement

the squad will call out TWO.

158
01229

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground at an
angle of 30 degrees, front centre of the body. Both
knees are braced.
b.The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01230 Adopt the position and confirm by practice.

159
 SQUAD – FORWARD
01231 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD
– FORWARD!, at the same time calling out LEFT –
RIGHT – LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left

foot is forced forward a full marching
pace of 750mm (30 inches).

• At the same time, the left arm is forced

to the rear and the right arm forward.

• The instructor continues to MARCH in quick time

for three full marching paces and then breaks off.

• On the execution of the movement the

squad will call out LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT.

160
01232

Points to note
a. The left heel strikes the ground first.
b. The right arm is forced forward level and in line
with the shoulder, and the left arm is forced to the
rear as far as is physically possible, while marching
at the regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is frozen in this position.

01233 Adopt the position and confirm by practice.

161
 Final demonstration of the
complete movements
01234 The instructor is to give a full and
complete demonstration of the movement. On the
execution of the TURN, the squad will call out ONE
– TWO THREE – ONE.

EXPLAIN

01235

Points to note
The follow-up actions to be carried out by the
squad on DISMISS/FALL OUT are as follows:

a. On the DISMISS: the squad will always be

dismissed in OPEN ORDER without rifles. If an
officer is present the squad will SALUTE before
stepping off. When the squad breaks off in quick
time they will remain in step within individual
groups, until they leave the parade ground.

b. On the FALL OUT: no SALUTE is necessary as

cadets will not leave the vicinity of the parade.

162
 Conclusion

01236

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include TURNINGS TO THE RIGHT
and LEFT FLANK in quick time to be taught in the
next lesson.

163
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Instructor's notes

Getting on parade, numbering,

proving and sizing

164
Introduction
01237 The procedures described in
this section are for the information of
instructors at this stage of cadet training.

They should be incorporated in lessons

depending on squad progress in the
basic drill movements taught so far.

The movements can be taught within 15

minutes and therefore an instructor should be
able to teach them outside of a normal lesson.

165
 Getting on parade
01238 To practise this movement the squad is
to be STANDING EASY, in three ranks, in CLOSE
ORDER, with the front facing the direction in which
they will get on parade. The right guide or right-
hand cadet of the front rank acts as a right marker.
The commands are:
1. RIGHT – MARKER!
a. On the command RIGHT the whole squad comes
to the AT EASE position.
b. On the command MARKER! the right marker
stands to ATTENTION, MARCHES forward and halts
on the 15th pace, then stands AT EASE.
2. GET ON – PARADE!
a. Both the right marker and the squad stand to
ATTENTION. The squad MARCHES forward, HALTS
on the 15th pace, look to the right and gets its
DRESSING. All movements have the regulation
pause between them.
b. When the squad is DRESSED correctly it will look
to the front and stand AT EASE in succession from
the right.

Point to note
The distance the squad comes forward may be
shortened if there is not enough space.

166
 Numbering and proving
01239

Numbering
A squad will always be numbered from the right
in order that a member of it may be addressed
as Number……… of……… Rank. To achieve this, the
command is FROM THE RIGHT – NUMBER!
a. Each cadet in the front rank will call
out their number in succession from the
right, keeping their head and eyes still.
b. The cadets in the centre and rear rank will take
the number of their equivalent in the front rank.
c. If an error in the numbering is made the
instructor will call out AS YOU WERE!, followed
by the last correct number given. The cadet so
named will call out their number again and the
front rank will take up the numbering from them.

167
01240

Proving
If a squad is to be divided into two parts, the
instructor will first number the squad. They will
then select the left-hand cadet of the right-half
squad, by calling out their number as follows:
1. NUMBER – TWELVE!
a. The cadet so indicated raises the left
forearm to the horizontal, keeping the left
elbow still, palm of the hand facing to the
right, fingers straight and together.
b. If the instructor requires more than
two parts or divisions, he/she will call out
NUMBER SIX, TWELVE AND EIGHTEEN
and the cadets so indicated act as above.
2. LEFT OF THE RIGHT HALF – SQUAD! or
LEFT OF NUMBER………. DIVISION! On the
executive word of command the left-hand cadet
of the right-half squad or the left-hand cadets of
the divisions force their forearms to their sides.

168
 Sizing
01241 A body of cadets drills better
together and gives a better impression to
the spectator if it is correctly sized. Level
ground should be used for sizing.
01242 A body of cadets is sized either 'tallest
on the right, shortest on the left', 'tallest on the
left, shortest on the right' or 'tallest on the flanks,
shortest in the centre'. It is done by forming
everyone into a single rank and grading them
using the top of the head dress as a guide.
01243 The sequence for 'tallest on the
flanks, shortest on the centre' is:
1. TALLEST ON THE RIGHT, SHORTEST ON
THE LEFT, IN SINGLE RANK – SIZE! The squad
turn to its right, counts the regulation pause
and then breaks off and obeys the command.
When the instructor has sized everyone into
the correct position they will continue.
2. FROM THE RIGHT NUMBER!
3. ODD NUMBERS ONE PACE FORWARD, EVEN
NUMBERS ONE PACE BACKWARDS – MARCH!
The instructor must check this movement.
4. STAND STILL THE RIGHT-HAND CADET,
FRONT RANK TO THE RIGHT, REAR RANK TO
THE LEFT, RANKS RIGHT AND LEFT – TURN!

169
 Sizing
5. FORM THREE RANKS – QUICK MARCH!
a. The even numbers WHEEL through 180
degrees and follow the last odd number.
b. On HALTING in position each cadet turns
to the front, takes up the DRESSING by
the right and remains at ATTENTION.

01244 The sequence for 'tallest on the right,

shortest on the left' remains the same as sub
paragraphs 1. and 2. above but then is:
a. STAND STILL THE RIGHT HAND
CADET, REMAINDER, RIGHT – TURN!
b. FORM THREE RANKS – QUICK MARCH!
In this case No 1 remains the right-hand cadet, No
2 and No 3 become the right-hand cadets of the
centre and rear ranks respectively, No 4 becomes
No 2 of the front rank etc.

170
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 13

TURNINGS TO THE
RIGHT and LEFT FLANK
in quick time
171
Aim
01245 To teach TURNINGS TO THE RIGHT and
LEFT FLANK in quick time

40

Timing
01246 One 40-minute period

Method
01247 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional lesson

Preparation
01248 Select an area on the parade square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

172
Conduct of the
lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01249 The squad stood properly AT EASE in a
straight line.

Introduction
EXPLAIN

01250 The next stage in foot drill is to learn

the TURNINGS TO THE RIGHT and LEFT FLANK
in quick time. These movements are taught to
enable an individual or body of cadets to turn
through an angle of 90 degrees to the right or left
without first being HALTED, in a smart, uniform
manner. The instructor is to order the squad to
STAND EASY and then give a demonstration
of the LEFT and RIGHT TURNS explaining
that the RIGHT TURN will be taught first.

173
 RIGHT TURN quick time

RIGHT TURN
01251 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, RIGHT – TURN!

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

174
 RIGHT TURN 1
01252 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, BY NUMBERS, RIGHT TURN –
ONE!, calling out FREEZE as the movement
is executed.

EXPLAIN

Immediately on the command ONE!, given on the

left foot, a 750mm (30 inches) pace is taken with
the right foot, at the same time swinging the
left arm forward and the right arm to the rear.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out FREEZE.

175
01253

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground, the
right knee braced. The toes of the left foot are on
the ground with the left heel raised.
b. The left arm is forward, level and in line with the
left shoulder. The right arm is forced to the rear as
far as is physically possible.
c. The remainder of the body held erect and square
to the front.

01254 The squad is to be brought to

ATTENTION, the order QUICK MARCH given and
the movement practised.

176
 RIGHT TURN 2
01255 The instructor will demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, calling out TWO as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, both

arms are forced into the side of the body
in a smart, scissor-like movement.

• At the same time, the left leg is

bent in front of the body.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out TWO.

177
01256

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground, the
right knee braced. The left leg is bent in front of the
body so the thigh is parallel with the ground and the
left foot is hanging naturally below the knee.
b. The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01257 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

178
 RIGHT TURN 3
01258 The instructor will demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, calling out THREE as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

eyes, shoulders, body and right foot are forced
through an angle of 90 degrees to the right
by means of pivoting on the right heel.

• At the same time, the left foot is

forced down beside the right.

• As the left foot contacts the ground

the right foot is forced forward a short
pace of 375mm (15 inches).

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out THREE.

179
01259

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground, while
the right foot is just clear of the ground with the
toes pointing upward.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01260 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

180
 RIGHT TURN – FORWARD
01261 The instructor will demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
FORWARD!, calling out FORWARD as the
movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

right foot is forced forward a further
375mm (15 inches) to complete a full
marching pace of 750mm (30 inches).

• At the same time, the left arm is swung

forward and the right arm to the rear and
the MARCH continues in quick time.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out FORWARD.

181
01262

Points to note
a. The heel of the right foot touches the ground first.
b. The left arm is swung forward level and in line
with the left shoulder, and the right arm is swung
to the rear as far as is physically possible, while
marching at the regulation pace of 116 paces to
the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01263 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

182
 Final demonstration of the
complete movement
01264 The instructor is to give a full and
complete demonstration of the movement. On
the execution of this movement the squad is not
required to call out any timings.

183
 LEFT TURN quick time

LEFT TURN
01265 The instructor is to demonstrate the
LEFT TURN again.

EXPLAIN

• The movement is the same as for the

RIGHT TURN, except that the legs and body
movements are opposite, the executive
command ONE! or TURN! being given
as the right foot strikes the ground.

• Order the squad to practise and

confirm both movements.

01266 Confirm by questions and practice.

184
 Conclusion

01267

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include the ABOUT TURN
movement to be taught in the next lesson.

185
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 14

ABOUT TURN in quick time

186
Aim
01268 To teach ABOUT TURN in quick time

40

Timing
01269 One 40-minute period

Method
01270 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01271 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

187
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01272 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
01273

EXPLAIN

The next stage in foot drill is to learn the

ABOUT TURN in quick time. The movement
is taught to enable an individual or body
of cadets to turn through an angle of 180
degrees without first being HALTED, in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

188
 ABOUT TURN in quick time

ABOUT TURN in quick time

01274 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words of
command TURNINGS, ABOUT – TURN!, at the
same time calling out IN – LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT
– FORWARD as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

189
 ABOUT TURN 1
01275 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, BY NUMBERS, ABOUT
TURN – ONE!, at the same time calling
out IN as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command ONE, which is

given as the right heel strikes the ground, a further
750mm (30 inches) pace is taken with the left
foot, at the same time alternating the arms.

• A short pace of 375mm (15 inches) is

then taken with the right foot, at the same
time forcing the arms into the side of the
body in a sharp, scissor-like movement.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out IN.

190
01276

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat on the ground at an angle
of 30 degrees front centre of the body.
b. The right heel is against and
touching the left instep.
c. Both knees are braced.
d. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01277 Confirm by questions then adopt

the position of ATTENTION and practise.

191
 ABOUT TURN 2
01278 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – ONE!, at the same time calling
out LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

eyes, shoulders, body and right foot are forced
through an angle of 90 degrees to the right
by means of pivoting on the right heel.

• At the same time, the left leg is bent in front of

the body so the thigh comes parallel to the ground
with the left foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced down

to the ground beside the right.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out LEFT.

192
01279

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat on the ground at an angle
of 30 degrees front centre of the body.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01280 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

193
 ABOUT TURN 1
(combination)

EXPLAIN

01281 For ease and simplicity of instruction,

ABOUT TURN 1 and SQUAD TWO are
combined to form a new ABOUT TURN 1.
Order the squad to continue watching while
you demonstrate the combined movement.

01282 The instructor will demonstrate this

movement, giving the words of command
TURNINGS, ABOUT TURN – ONE!, at the same
time calling out IN as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out IN – LEFT.

01283 Confirm by questions then adopt

the position of ATTENTION and practise.
194
 ABOUT TURN 2
01284 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out
RIGHT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the head,

shoulders, body and left foot are forced
through an angle of 90 degrees to the
right (completing a full 180-degree turn)
by means of pivoting on the left heel.

• At the same time, the right leg is bent

in front of the body so the thigh comes
parallel to the ground with the right foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is forced down beside the left.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out RIGHT.

195
01285

Points to note
a. The body is now facing its new direction.
Both feet are flat and firm on the ground, at an
angle of 30 degrees front centre of the body.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01286 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

196
 ABOUT TURN 3
01287 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command the left leg

is bent in front of the body, so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground with the left
foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced down

to the ground beside the right.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out LEFT.

197
01288

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground, at an
angle of 30 degrees front centre of the body.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01289 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

198
 ABOUT TURN – FORWARD
01290 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FORWARD!, at the same time calling
out FORWARD as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

right foot is forced forward a full
750mm (30 inches) marching pace.

• At the same time, the left arm is swung

forward and the right arm is swung to the rear
while continuing to MARCH in quick time.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out FORWARD.

199
01291

Points to note
a. The right heel strikes the ground
first and the left arm is swung forward
level and in line with the shoulder.
b. The right arm is swung to the rear as far
as is physically possible while marching at the
regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01292 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

200
 Final demonstration of
the complete movement
01293 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement. On
the execution of this movement the squad will
call out IN – LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT – FORWARD.
01294 Confirm by questions and practice.

201
 Conclusion

01295

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include CHANGE STEP in
quick time to be taught in the next lesson.

202
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 15

CHANGE STEP in quick time

203
Aim
01296 To teach the CHANGE STEP in quick time

40

Timing
01297 One 40-minute period

Method
01298 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01299 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

204
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01300 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
01301

EXPLAIN

The next stage in foot drill is to learn the

CHANGE STEP in quick time. This movement
is taught to enable an individual or body
of cadets to regain a lost step in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

205
 CHANGE STEP quick time

CHANGE STEP
01302 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words
of command CHANGING STEP, CHANGE -
STEP!, at the same time calling out LEFT –
RIGHT – LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

206
 CHANGE STEP 1
01303 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
CHANGING STEP, BY NUMBERS, CHANGE
STEP – ONE!, at the same time calling out
LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is given

as the right heel strikes the ground, a further
750mm (30 inches) pace is taken with the left
foot, at the same time alternating the arms.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out LEFT.

207
01304

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground
with the left knee braced. The right toes
are on the ground with the heel raised.
b. The right arm is forward, level and in line
with the right shoulder. The left arm is forced
to the rear as far as is physically possible.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01305 The squad is to be brought to

ATTENTION, the order QUICK MARCH
given and the movement practised.

208
 CHANGE STEP 2
01306 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out
RIGHT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command the right

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground, with the right
foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• At the same time, the arms are forced into the

side of the body in a sharp, scissor-like motion and
the right foot is forced down behind the left foot.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out RIGHT.

209
01307

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground with
the right instep against and touching the left heel.
b. Both knees are braced.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01308 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

210
 CHANGE STEP 3
01309 The instructor will demonstrate this
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out LEFT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the

left foot is forced forward a full 750mm
(30 inches) marching pace.

• At the same time, the right arm is swung

forward and the left arm forced to the rear
and the MARCH in quick time is continued.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out LEFT.

211
01310

Points to note
a. The left heel strikes the ground first
and the right arm is swung forward level
and in line with the right shoulder.
b. The left arm is forced to the rear as far as
is physically possible, while marching at the
regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01311 Confirm by questions then

adopt the last position and practise.

212
 Final demonstration of
the complete movement
01312 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement.
On the execution of this movement the
squad will call out LEFT – RIGHT – LEFT.
A common fault is not to return the arms
to the sides in the second movement.

01313

Point to note
EXPLAIN

The words of command CHANGE – STEP!

are given on consecutive left and right feet;
CHANGE on the left and STEP on the right.

01314 Confirm by questions and practice.

213
 Conclusion

01315

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include MARKING TIME and
HALTING to be taught in the next lesson.

214
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 16

MARKING TIME in quick time

at the halt – HALTING from
MARKING TIME in quick time
215
Aim
01316 To teach MARKING TIME in
quick time at the halt and HALTING
from MARKING TIME in quick time

40

Timing
01317 One 40-minute period

Method
01318 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01319 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

216
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad Formation
01320 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
01321

EXPLAIN

The next stage in foot drill is to learn MARKING

TIME in quick time at the halt and HALTING from
MARKING TIME in quick time. This movement
is taught to enable an individual or body of
cadets to remain in the same position while
on the march. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

217
 HALTING from MARKING
TIME in quick time

MARKING TIME in quick

time at the halt and HALTING
01322 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
QUICK MARK – TIME! SQUAD – HALT!

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is broken down into numbered parts.
Order the squad to continue watching
while you demonstrate each part.

218
 QUICK MARK – TIME
01323 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words
of command QUICK MARK – TIME!, at the
same time calling out the regulation rate of
MARCH as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground with the foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The foot is then lowered to the ground.

• As the left leg takes the weight of the

body, the right leg is bent and the instructor
continues to MARK TIME in quick time.

• On the execution of this movement the

squad will not call out the timings.

219
01324

Points to note
a. The left leg is bent first while marking time at
the regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01325 Adopt the position of

ATTENTION and confirm by practice.

220
 HALTING from
MARKING TIME
01326 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the
words of command SQUAD – HALT!

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is

given as the left knee is at its highest point,
the left foot is lowered to the ground, while
the right leg is bent in front of the body so
the thigh comes parallel to the ground with
the foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The right foot is then forced to

the ground beside the left.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will not call out.

221
01327

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the
ground, and both knees braced to
assume the position of ATTENTION.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01328 The squad is to be brought to

ATTENTION, the order QUICK MARK TIME
given and the movement practised.

222
 Final demonstration of
the complete movement
01329 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement
reminding the squad that it does not call out.
01330 Confirm by questions and practice.

223
 Conclusion

01331

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include MARKING TIME in quick
time and FORWARD from MARKING TIME in
quick time to be taught in the next lesson.

224
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 17

MARKING TIME in quick

time and FORWARD from
MARKING TIME in quick time
225
Aim
01332 To teach MARKING TIME in quick time and
FORWARD from MARKING TIME in quick time

20

Timing
01333 One 20-minute period

Method
01334 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional lesson

Preparation
01335 Select an area on the parade square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

226
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01336 The squad stood properly AT EASE in a
straight line.

Introduction
01337

EXPLAIN

The next stage in foot drill is to learn the

MARK TIME and FORWARD in quick time. This
movement is taught to enable an individual
or body of cadets to MARK TIME and then
continue MARCHING in quick time in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to STAND
EASY and watch your demonstration.

227
 MARK TIME, CHANGE STEP,
FORWARD, quick time

MARK TIME and FORWARD

01338 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
MARK TIME! FORWARD!

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movements

are taught by demonstration and
explanation. Order the squad to continue
watching while you demonstrate.

228
 MARK TIME
01339 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
MARK – TIME!, at the same time calling out IN as
the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is given

as the right heel strikes the ground, a full
750mm (30 inches) pace is taken with the left
foot, at the same time alternating the arms.

• A short pace of 150mm (6 inches) is

then taken with the right foot, at the same
time forcing the arms into the side of the
body in a sharp, scissor-like motion.

• The body is frozen in this position.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will call out IN.

229
01340

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground, at an
angle of 30 degrees front centre of the body.
b. The right heel is against and touching the
left instep.
c. The knees are braced.
d. The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01341 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

230
 MARK TIME 2
01342 The instructor is to demonstrate the
complete movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, the left

leg is bent in front of the body so the thigh
comes parallel to the ground with the foot
hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then lowered to

the ground, toes touching first.

• As the left foot takes the weight of the body

the right leg is bent in front and the instructor
continues to MARK TIME in quick time.

• On the execution of this movement

the squad will not call out.

231
01343

Points to note
a. The left leg is bent first while MARKING TIME at
the regulation rate of 116 paces to the minute.
b. The remainder of the body is held erect and
square to the front.

01344 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

232
 FORWARD
01345 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the word of command FORWARD!

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is

received as the left knee is at its highest
point, on the next right foot the foot is
forced to the ground beside the left foot.

• As the right foot strikes the ground,

the left foot is forced forward a full
750mm (30 inches) marching pace.

• The right arm is swung forward and

the left arm is swung to the rear and
the MARCH in quick time continues.

• The squad will not call out.

233
01346

Points to note
a. The right foot is forced to the ground. The left
foot takes the first 750mm (30 inches) pace.
b. The right arm is swung forward and is level and
in line with the right shoulder. The left arm is forced
to the rear as far as is physically possible.
c. While MARCHING, the remainder of the body is
held erect and square to the front.

01347 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

234
 Final demonstration of the
complete movement
01348 The instructor is to give a final and
complete demonstration of the movement,
reminding the squad that it does not call out.
01349 Confirm by questions and practice.

235
 Conclusion

01350

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include the CHANGE STEP while
MARKING TIME in quick time to be taught in the
next lesson.

236
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Lesson 18

CHANGING STEP while

MARKING TIME at the
halt in quick time
237
Aim
01351 To teach CHANGING STEP while
MARKING TIME at the halt in quick time

20

Timing
01352 One 20-minute period

Method
01353 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
01354 Select an area on the parade square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

238
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Squad formation
01355 The squad stood properly
AT EASE in a straight line.

Introduction
01356

EXPLAIN

The next stage in foot drill is to learn CHANGING

STEP while MARKING TIME at the halt in quick time.
This movement is taught to enable an individual or
body of cadets to regain a lost step while MARKING
TIME, in a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad
to STAND EASY and watch your demonstration.

239
 MARK TIME, CHANGE STEP,
FORWARD, quick time

CHANGE STEP
while MARKING TIME
01357 The instructor is to demonstrate
the complete movement, giving the words of
command MARK TIME, CHANGING STEP,
CHANGE – STEP!, at the same time calling out
the regulation time as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement is taught

by demonstration and explanation. Order the squad
to continue watching while you demonstrate.

240
 CHANGE STEP
01358 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
CHANGING STEP, CHANGE – STEP!, at
the same time calling out LEFT – LEFT –
RIGHT as the movement is executed.

EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command, which is

given on consecutive left and right feet, the
instructor MARKS TIME with the left leg twice
then continues to MARK TIME as normal.

• On the execution of the movement the

squad will call out LEFT – LEFT – RIGHT.

01359

Points to note
a. It is the left leg that is bent twice while
MARKING TIME at the regulation rate.
b. The remainder of the body is held
erect and square to the front.

01360 The squad is to be brought to

ATTENTION, the order MARK TIME
given and the movement practised.
241
 Final demonstration of
the complete movements
01361 The instructor is to give a final
and complete demonstration of the
movement, reminding the squad to
call out LEFT – LEFT – RIGHT.

01362

Point to note
EXPLAIN

The words of command CHANGE – STEP!

are given on consecutive left and right feet,
CHANGE on the left and STEP on the right.

01363 Confirm by questions and practice.

242
 Conclusion
01364

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson.
b. Further confirmation by practice if time permits.
c. Summary: to include the movements
to be taught in the next lesson.

243
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

FOOT DRILL
Instructor's notes

WHEELING in quick time

244
Introduction

EXPLAIN

01365 WHEELING is a method by which a body

of cadets, with a frontage of not more than
six ranks or files, may change direction while
retaining DRESSING within those ranks or files.
The order RIGHT – WHEEL! is given over one
complete pace. The squad is to act as follows:

a. The right-hand cadet of the leading rank or

file will change direction through 90 degrees
on the circumference of a circle with a radius of
about 600mm (24 inches). They must regulate
the length of pace to allow those to the left to
change direction without losing DRESSING.

b. Those to their left change direction

through 90 degrees by lengthening their pace,
without losing their interval DRESSING.

c. Those behind the leading rank or file will

follow on, covering the same ground as them.

245
01366

Common faults
a. Those behind the leading rank or file not
covering the same ground as them.
b. Slovenly arm swinging among the inner cadets.
c. A tendency to increase the rate of
marching among the outer cadets.

01367

Variations
The following should be noted:
a. If the body of cadets is HALTED or ordered
to MARK TIME when only part of its number
have WHEELED, those who have not WHEELED
will immediately COVER OFF those who have.
b. If the WHEEL is to be through more than 90
degrees, the word of command will be given a
second time; if through less than 90 degrees, the
word of command FORWARD! will be given.

Squad instruction
01368 These movements may be
incorporated in the lessons at a time
judged to be suitable by the instructor.

246
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 1

ATTENTION, STAND AT
EASE and STAND EASY with
the rifle at the shoulder
247
Aim
0201 To teach the positions of ATTENTION,
STAND AT EASE and STAND EASY with the rifle at
the shoulder

40

Timing
0202 One 40-minute period

Method
0203 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional lesson

Preparation
0204 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

248
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
0205 Normal safety precautions should be carried
out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
0206 Position the squad in a half circle, AT EASE,
with their rifles held in both hands across the body,
parallel to the ground. This position from now on is
referred to as the RELAX position.
Revision
0207 Nil

249
Introduction
0208

EXPLAIN

To introduce rifle exercises, the positions of

ATTENTION, STAND AT EASE and STAND EASY
are taught first. These movements enable
an individual or body of cadets to form a
base from which all future rifle exercises can
originate in a smart and uniform manner. The
position of ATTENTION is taught first. Order
the squad to watch your demonstration.

250
 ATTENTION
0209 The instructor is to demonstrate
the position of ATTENTION.

251
 EXPLAIN

• In the correct position, force the rifle to the rear

in the right shoulder, with the magazine square to
the front, while ensuring the thumb of the right
hand is in line with the seam of the trousers.

252
Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground at an
angle of 30 degrees from a line front centre of
the body.
b. Both knees are braced and the right hand has a
cup-like grip on the butt plate with the thumb
curled around the front. The right arm is fully
extended with the wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Common faults are the rifle not forced back into
the shoulder and the barrel tipping forward.

0210 Confirm by questions and practice, first by

ordering the squad to adopt the correct position of
ATTENTION with the rifle. At the end of the practice
the squad is to readopt the RELAX position.

253
 STAND AT EASE
from ATTENTION
0211 The squad is to be in the RELAX position.
The instructor is to demonstrate STAND AT EASE
from ATTENTION, calling out ONE as they do so.

254
 EXPLAIN

• Immediately on the command STAND AT –

EASE! the left leg is bent in front of the body,
until the thigh is parallel with the ground, with
the foot hanging naturally below the knee.

• The left foot is then forced to the ground at a

distance of 300mm (12 inches) to the left of the
right foot and the body is frozen in this position.

255
Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground with
heels approximately 300mm (12 inches) apart and
both knees braced.
b. The rifle and right and left arms do not move
throughout the execution of this movement, while
the remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.

0212 Confirm by questions and practice with

the squad calling out ONE on each movement.
End the practice with the squad in the STAND AT
EASE position.

256
 STAND EASY
0213 The squad should be in the RELAX
position. The instructor is to demonstrate
the STAND EASY position giving the words of
command STAND – EASY!

257
 EXPLAIN

• On the word of command the rifle is allowed to

move forward so that the rear of the butt plate
is on and touching the front of the right thigh.

• The remainder of the body is relaxed

and remains still in this position.

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground, heels
300mm (12 inches) apart and both knees braced.
b. The rifle is vertical on the right side of the body
with the magazine square to the front, while the
remainder of the body is relaxed and still.
c. Common faults are moving the feet and
fidgeting after completion of the movement.

0214 Confirm by questions and practice. End the

practice with the squad in the STAND EASY position.

258
 STAND AT EASE from
STAND EASY
0215 The squad should be in the RELAX position.
The instructor is to demonstrate the movement
giving the command SQUAD!

EXPLAIN

• On the word of command, brace the body to

resume the correct position of STAND AT EASE and
freeze in this position.

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground, with
heels 300mm (12 inches) apart and both knees braced.
b. The rifle resumes the correct position of STAND
AT EASE, with the thumb in line with the seam of
the trousers. The remainder of the body is erect
and square to the front.

0216 Confirm by questions and practice.

End the practice with the squad in the
STAND AT EASE position.

259
 ATTENTION from
STAND AT EASE
0217 The squad should be in the RELAX position.
The instructor is to demonstrate the movement
giving the words of command SQUAD – SHUN!

EXPLAIN

• On the command, the left leg is bent in front of

the body until the thigh is parallel with the ground
and the foot is hanging naturally below the knee.

• It is then forced down beside the right foot

to resume the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is frozen in this position.

260
Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground at an
angle, with heels 300mm (12 inches) apart at an angle
of 30 degrees from a line front centre of the body.
b. Both knees are braced, and the rifle and left arm do
not move throughout the movement. The remainder
of the body is erect and square to the front.
c. The squad is to call out ONE on the execution of
the movement.

0218 Confirm by questions and practice.

Final demonstration
and practice
0219 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of all the movements and then to
practise the squad for the remainder of the period.

261
 Conclusion
0220

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:
1. The importance of these basic movements as
the foundation of future arms drill.
2. The squad to always call out ONE when
STANDING AT EASE and standing to ATTENTION.
3. A look forward to the CHANGE ARMS at the
shoulder to be taught in the next lesson.

262
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 2

CHANGE ARMS
at the shoulder

263
Aim
0221 To teach CHANGE ARMS at the shoulder

40

Timing
0222 One 40-minute period

Method
0223 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0224 Select an area on the barrack square or
any area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

264
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
0225 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
0226 Squad stood properly AT EASE,
with their rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
0227 Revise the positions taught
in the previous lesson.

265
Introduction
0228

EXPLAIN

• The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn

the CHANGE ARMS at the shoulder.

• The movement is taught to enable an individual

or body of cadets to rest a limb or to provide a
spectacle at a display in a smart, uniform manner.

• The CHANGE from the right to the

left shoulder is taught first.

• Order the squad to adopt the RELAX

position and watch your demonstration.

266
 CHANGE ARMS
0229 The instructor is to demonstrate
the CHANGE ARMS, giving the words of
command RIFLE EXERCISES, JUDGING
THE TIME, CHANGE – ARMS!, at the
same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

267
 CHANGE ARMS 1
0230 The instructor is to demonstrate
CHANGE ARMS, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, CHANGE
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

268
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle into the

front centre of the body with the right hand.

• At the same time, the left hand comes across

the body by the shortest route to strike, seize
and grip the stock, just above the trigger guard.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

269
0231

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical and approximately 100-
150mm (4-6 inches) from the front centre of the
body, with the magazine square to the front.
b. The right arm is at its fullest extent,
with the right hand retaining its grip on
the butt plate. The right wrist, forearm and
elbow are forced well into the body.
c. The left hand has a full grip on the stock
just above the trigger guard with the wrist,
forearm and elbow forced well into the body.
d. The remainder of the body is
erect and square to the front.
e. Call out ONE.

0232 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of ATTENTION and practise.

270
 CHANGE ARMS 2
0233 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, then calling out TWO.

271
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with

the right hand and force it up the side of the
rifle by the shortest route to strike, seize and
grip the stock just above the left hand.

• Freeze in this position.

0234

Points to note
a. The rifle, left hand, wrist, forearm and
elbow do not move during the movement.
b. The right hand has a full grip on the stock
with the little finger of the right hand touching
the index finger of the left hand. The right
wrist, forearm and elbow are forced well in.
c. The remainder of the body is
erect and square to the front.
d. Call out TWO.

0235 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

272
 CHANGE ARMS 3
0236 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, then calling out THREE.

273
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with

the left hand and at the same time force
the rifle by the shortest possible route to
the vertical position on the left side.

• Strike, seize and grip the base of the butt plate

with the left hand and freeze in this position.

0237

Points to note
a. The rifle is now in the vertical position
on the left side of the body.
b. The remainder of the body is
erect and square to the front.
c. Call out THREE.

0238 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

274
 CHANGE ARMS 4
0239 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, then calling out FOUR.

275
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the right

hand then force it across the body by the shortest
route to resume the position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, force the rifle back into

the left side and freeze in this position.

0240

Points to note
a. The rifle is now in the correct position of
SHOULDER ARMS on the left side of the body.
b. The remainder of the body is
erect and square to the front.
c. Call out FOUR.

0241 Confirm by questions then adopt

the last position and practise.

276
 Final demonstration
and practice
0242 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement calling out
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE etc, only moving on
the ONEs. The squad is to practise the complete
movement, calling the time at the regulation rate.

CHANGE ARMS from

left to right shoulder
0243 The squad must now be taught how to
CHANGE ARMS from the left shoulder to the right.
This is done by demonstration and explanation.

277
 Conclusion
0244

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the
lesson, and practice to confirm.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:
1. The importance of striking,
seizing and gripping the rifle.
2. Calling out the time.
3. A look forward to the SLOPE ARMS from the
shoulder to be taught in the next lesson.

278
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 3

SLOPE ARMS from

the shoulder

279
Aim
0245
To teach SLOPE ARMS from the shoulder

20

Timing
0246 One 20-minute period

Method
0247 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional lesson

Preparation
0248 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

280
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety Precautions
0249 Normal safety precautions should be carried
out when the squad is formed up.
Squad Formation
0250 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
0251 Revise CHANGE ARMS at the shoulder.

281
Introduction
0252

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn SLOPE

ARMS from the shoulder. The movement is taught
to enable an individual or body of cadets to rest
a limb or to provide a spectacle at a display in a
smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to adopt
the RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

282
 SLOPE ARMS
0253 The instructor is to demonstrate SLOPE
ARMS, using the words of command RIFLE
EXERCISES, JUDGING THE TIME, SLOPE –
ARMS!, at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

283
 SLOPE ARMS 1
0254 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the order RIFLE EXERCISES,
BY NUMBERS, SLOPE ARMS – ONE!, at the same
time calling out ONE.

284
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle to the vertical

position under control of the right hand.

• At the same time release the grip of

the right hand and force it up the rifle by
the shortest route to strike, seize and grip
the small of the butt in a Y-like grip.

• The left hand is forced across the body

by the shortest route to strike and grip
the stock just above the trigger guard.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

285
0255

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical with the magazine square to
the front.
b. The right hand has a Y-like grip on the small of
the butt, with the right wrist, forearm and elbow
forced well in.
c. The left hand has a full grip on the stock just
above the trigger guard with the wrist, forearm and
elbow forced well in.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
e. Call out ONE.

0256 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of the SHOULDER and practise.

286
 SLOPE ARMS 2
0257 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the order SQUAD – TWO!, at the
same time calling out TWO.

287
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle up and across

the body by the shortest route and place it on the
left shoulder under the control of the right hand.

• At the same time, change the grip of the

right hand to a full grip, while the left hand
releases its full grip and is forced down the
rifle by the shortest route to strike, seize and
grip the butt plate with a cup-like grip.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

288
0258

Points to note
a. The stock of the rifle is on the left shoulder
with the magazine to the left. The left hand has
a cup-like grip on the butt plate with the left
wrist and forearm parallel to the ground, and
the left elbow is forced well into the body.

b. The right hand has a full grip on the

small of the butt, with the right wrist
and forearm parallel to the ground.

c. The remainder of the body is

erect and square to the front.

d. Call out TWO.

0259 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of the SHOULDER and practise.

289
 SLOPE ARMS 3
0260 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command SQUAD –
THREE!, then calling out THREE.

290
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right arm

down by the shortest route to resume
the correct position of ATTENTION.

• The body is then frozen in this position.

0261

Points to note
a. This is the correct position of SLOPE ARMS.
b. The right and left wrists, forearm and elbow do
not move during the movement.
c. Call out THREE.

0262 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

291
 Final demonstration
and practice
0263 The instructor is to give a final demonstration
of the movement calling out ONE – TWO THREE
– ONE, etc. The squad is to practise the complete
movement, calling the time at the regulation rate.

292
 Conclusion
0264

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The importance of striking,

seizing and gripping the rifle.

2. Calling out the time.

3. A look forward to the SHOULDER ARMS from

the slope to be taught in the next lesson.

293
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 4

SHOULDER ARMS
from the slope

294
Aim
0265
To teach the SHOULDER ARMS from the slope

20

Timing
0266 One 20-minute period

Method
0267 A basic outdoor or indoor instructional lesson

Preparation
0268 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

295
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
0269 Normal safety precautions should be carried
out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
0270 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
0271 Revise the SLOPE ARMS at the shoulder.

296
Introduction
0272

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn

SHOULDER ARMS from the slope. The movement is
taught to enable an individual or body of cadets to
rest a limb or to provide a spectacle at a display in
a smart, uniform manner. Order the squad to adopt
the RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

297
 SHOULDER ARMS
0273 The instructor is to demonstrate SLOPE
ARMS, using the words of command RIFLE
EXERCISES, JUDGING THE TIME, SHOULDER
– ARMS!, at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement is taught

in numbered parts.

298
 SHOULDER ARMS 1
0274 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, SHOULDER
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

299
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, the right hand is forced across

the body by the shortest route to strike, seize and
grip the small of the butt with a full grip.

• Freeze in this position.

0275

Points to note
a. The rifle, left wrist, forearm and elbow do not
move during the movement.
b. The right hand fully grips the small of the butt,
and the forearm is parallel to the ground.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Call out ONE.

0276 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of the SLOPE and practise.

300
 SHOULDER ARMS 2
0277 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, then calling out TWO.

301
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, the rifle is forced down by the

shortest route to a vertical position on the right side
of the body, under the control of the right hand.

• At the same time the grip of the right hand is

changed to a Y-like grip on the small of the butt.

• The left hand releases its grip and is forced

up the rifle by the shortest route to strike, seize
and grip the stock with a full grip, just above the
trigger guard.

• Freeze in this position.

302
0278

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical with the magazine square to
the front.

b. The right hand has a Y-like grip on the small of

the butt, with the right arm at its fullest extent,
the right wrist, forearm and elbow forced well in.

c. The left hand has a full grip of the stock, just

above the trigger guard, with the left wrist, forearm
and elbow forced well in.

d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

e. Call out TWO.

0279 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

303
 SHOULDER ARMS 3
0280 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, then calling out THREE.

304
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip of the right

hand and force it down to strike, seize and grip the
butt plate with a cup-like grip.

• Freeze in this position.

0281

Points to note
a. The right hand has a cup-like grip on the butt
plate with the right wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in.
b. The rifle, left wrist and forearm do not move.
c. Call out THREE.

0282 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

305
 SHOULDER ARMS 4
0283 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, then calling out FOUR.

306
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle back under

control of the right hand. At the same time release
the grip of the left hand and force it across the
body by the shortest route to resume the correct
position of ATTENTION.

• Freeze in this position.

0284

Points to note
a. The rifle is now in the correct position of
SHOULDER ARMS.
b. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
c. Call out FOUR.

0285 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

307
 Final demonstration
and practice
0286 The instructor is to give a final demonstration
of the movement calling out ONE – TWO THREE
– ONE, etc. The squad is to practise the complete
movement, calling the time at the regulation rate.

308
 Conclusion
0287

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The importance of striking, seizing and gripping

the rifle.

2. A look forward to the CHANGE ARMS at the

slope to be taught in the next lesson.

309
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 5

CHANGE ARMS at
the slope

310
Aim
0288
To teach CHANGE ARMS at the slope

40

Timing
0289 One 40-minute period

Method
0290 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
0291 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

311
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
0292 Normal safety precautions should be carried
out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
0293 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
0294 Revise SHOULDER ARMS from the slope.

312
Introduction
0295

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn CHANGE

ARMS at the slope. The movement is taught to
enable an individual or body of cadets to rest a limb
or to provide a spectacle at a display in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to adopt the
RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

313
 CHANGE ARMS
0296 The instructor is to demonstrate
CHANGE ARMS using the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, JUDGING THE
TIME, CHANGE – ARMS!, at the
same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

314
 CHANGE ARMS 1
0297 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, CHANGE
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

315
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right hand across

the body by the shortest route to strike, seize
and grip the small of the butt with a full grip.

• Freeze in this position.

0298

Points to note
a. The rifle, left wrist, forearm and elbow do not
move during the movement.
b. The right hand fully grips the small of the butt,
and the forearm is parallel to the ground.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Call out ONE.

0299 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of SLOPE and practise.

316
 CHANGE ARMS 2
02100 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

317
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle down

and across the front centre of the body
under control of the right hand.

• At the same time release the grip on the butt

by the left hand and restrike and seize the rifle
in a full grip just above the trigger guard.

• Freeze in this position.

318
02101

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical and approximately 100-
150mm (4-6 inches) from the centre of the
body, with the magazine square to the front.

b. The hand retains its full grip on the butt,

with the right wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in, the left hand having a full grip on the
stock just above the trigger guard. The left
wrist, forearm and elbow are forced well in.

c. Call out TWO.

02102 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of SLOPE and practise.

319
 CHANGE ARMS 3
02103 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling out THREE.

320
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle across onto

the right shoulder under control of the left hand.

• At the same time release the grip on

the small of the butt, and restrike and grip
the butt plate with a cup-like grip.

• Freeze in this position.

02104

Points to note
a. The rifle is on the right shoulder with the
magazine square to the front.
b. The right hand has a cup-like grip on the butt plate.
c. The right forearm is parallel to the ground with
the elbow forced well in.
d. The left hand retains its grip on the stock with
the left wrist, forearm and elbow forced well in.
e. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
f. Call out THREE.

02105 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

321
 CHANGE ARMS 4
02106 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, at the same time calling out FOUR.

322
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the left arm

across the body by the shortest route to
resume the position of ATTENTION.

• Freeze in this position.

02107

Points to note
a. The rifle is now in the correct position of SLOPE
ARMS on the right shoulder.
b. The rifle, left wrist, forearm and elbow do not
move during the movement.
c. The body remains erect and square to the front.
d. Call out FOUR.

02108 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

323
 Final demonstration
and practice
02109 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement calling out
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE etc. The squad is to
practise the complete movement, calling the time
at the regulation rate.

CHANGE ARMS from the

right shoulder to the left
02110 The squad must now be taught how to
CHANGE ARMS from the right shoulder to the left.
This is done by demonstration and explanation.

324
 Conclusion
02111

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
further practice to confirm.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The importance of timing.

2. The need to strike, seize and grip the rifle.

3. A look forward to the PRESENT ARMS from

the slope, to be taught in the next lesson.

325
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 6

PRESENT ARMS
from the slope

326
Aim
02112 To teach PRESENT ARMS from the slope

40

Timing
02113 One 40-minute period

Method
02114 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02115 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

327
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02116 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02117 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02118 Revise CHANGE ARMS at the slope.

328
Introduction
02119

EXPLAIN

• The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn how

to PRESENT ARMS from the slope.

• The movement is taught to enable an individual

or body of cadets to pay the highest COMPLIMENT
with a rifle in a smart, uniform manner.

• Order the squad to adopt the RELAX position and

watch your demonstration.

329
 PRESENT ARMS
02120 The instructor is to demonstrate
PRESENT ARMS using the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, JUDGING THE
TIME, PRESENT – ARMS!, at the
same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement is taught

in numbered parts.

330
 PRESENT ARMS 1
02121 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, PRESENT
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

331
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right hand across the

body by the shortest route to strike and grip the rifle
in a full grip, on the area of the small of the butt.

• Freeze in this position.

02122

Points to note
a. The rifle, left hand, wrist, forearm and elbow do
not move during the movement.
b. The right hand has a full grip on the small of the
butt, with the arm parallel to the ground.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Call out ONE.

02123 Confirm by questions then adopt the

position of SLOPE and practise.

332
 PRESENT ARMS 2
02124 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

333
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle across and up to

the front centre of the body with the right hand.

• At the same time release the grip with the

left hand and force the left arm approximately
150mm (6 inches) from the rifle, extending the
fingers and thumb.

• Then restrike the rifle with the left fingers, palm,

wrist, forearm and elbow.

• Freeze in this position.

334
02125

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical with the magazine square
to the front and approximately 100-150mm (4-6
inches) from the front centre of the body.

b. The right hand has a full grip on the small of the

butt, with the right wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in.

c. The left fingers are together and running

vertically up the side of the rifle, with the thumb in
line with the mouth.

d. The left wrist, forearm and elbow are forced well

into the rifle, with the elbow touching the fingers
of the right hand.

e. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

f. Call out TWO.

02126 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

335
 PRESENT ARMS 3
02127 The instructor is to demonstrate the movement,
giving the words of command SQUAD – THREE!, at the
same time calling out THREE.

336
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle down the front

centre of the body by fully extending the right arm.

• At the same time, change grip with the right

hand to a Y-like grip on the small of the butt.

• At the same time, force the left hand

approximately 150mm (6 inches) from the rifle to
strike and seize the stock with a full grip.

• The exception is the thumb which is vertical to

the rifle.

• At the same time, bend the right knee in front of

the body so the thigh is parallel with the ground
and the foot is hanging naturally below it, then
force the right foot down just behind the left.

• Freeze in this position.

337
02128

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical with the magazine square
to the front and approximately 100-150mm (4-6
inches) from the front centre of the body.

b. The right hand has a Y-like grip on the small of

the butt.

c. The left hand has a full grip on the stock, except

for the thumb which is vertical to the rifle.

d. The left wrist, forearm and elbow are forced well in.

e. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground at an

angle of 30 degrees, with the instep of the right
boot touching the heel of the left. Both knees are
braced and the remainder of the body is erect and
square to the front.

f. Call out THREE.

02129 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

338
 Final demonstration
and practice
02130 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement, calling out
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, etc. The squad is to
practise the complete movement, calling the time
at the regulation rate.

339
 Conclusion
02131

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The importance of timing.

2. The need to strike, seize and grip the rifle.

3. A look forward to the SLOPE ARMS from the

present to be taught in the next lesson.

340
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 7

SLOPE ARMS
from the present

341
Aim
02132 To teach SLOPE ARMS from the present

40

Timing
02133 One 40-minute period

Method
02134 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02135 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

342
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02136 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02137 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02138 Revise PRESENT ARMS from the slope.

343
Introduction
02139

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn SLOPE

ARMS from the present, to enable an individual or
body of cadets to return to the SLOPE having paid
the highest COMPLIMENT with a rifle in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to adopt the
RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

344
 SLOPE ARMS
02140 The instructor is to demonstrate
SLOPE ARMS from the present using the
words of command RIFLE EXERCISES,
JUDGING THE TIME, SLOPE – ARMS!,
at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

345
 SLOPE ARMS 1
02141 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, SLOPE ARMS
– ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

346
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle across the body

on to the left shoulder under the control of the
right hand.

• At the same time, change the grip of the right

hand to a full grip.

• The left hand releases the grip on the stock and

restrikes and grasps the butt plate with a cup-like grip.

• Freeze in this position.

347
02142

Points to note
a. The stock of the rifle is now on the left shoulder
with the magazine square to the left.
b. The left hand has a cup-like grip on the butt
plate, with the wrist and forearm parallel to the
ground and with the elbow forced well in.
c. The right hand has a full grip on the small of the
butt, with the wrist, forearm and elbow parallel to
the ground.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
e. Call out ONE.

02143 Confirm by questions then order the squad

to SLOPE ARMS and PRESENT ARMS then practise.

348
 SLOPE ARMS 2
02144 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

349
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right hand across the

body by the shortest route to resume the position
of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, bend the right knee in front of

the body so the thigh is parallel with the ground,
the foot hanging naturally below the knee, then
force the right foot down beside the left.

• Freeze in this position.

350
02145

Points to note
a. The correct position of SLOPE ARMS has now
been resumed.

b. The rifle, left wrist, forearm and elbow do not

move throughout the movement.

c. Call out TWO.

02146 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

351
 Final demonstration
and practice
02147 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement calling out
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE etc. The squad is to
practise the complete movement, calling the time
at the regulation rate.

352
 Conclusion
02148

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The importance of timing.

2. The need to strike, seize and grip the rifle.

3. A look forward to GROUND ARMS from the

shoulder to be taught in the next lesson.

353
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 8

GROUND ARMS
from the shoulder

354
Aim
02149 To teach GROUND ARMS from
the shoulder

40

Timing
02150 One 40-minute period

Method
02151 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02152 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

355
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02153 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02154 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02155 Revise rifle exercises taught in
previous lessons.

356
Introduction
02156

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn how

to GROUND ARMS from the shoulder in a smart,
uniform manner. Order the squad to adopt the
RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

357
 GROUND ARMS
02157 The instructor is to demonstrate GROUND
ARMS giving the words of command RIFLE
EXERCISES, JUDGING THE TIME, GROUND –
ARMS!, at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

358
 GROUND ARMS 1
02158 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, GROUND
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle forward to the

vertical position under the control of the right hand.

• At the same time, force the left hand across

the body by the shortest route to strike, seize and
grasp the stock of the rifle.

• Freeze in this position.

359
02159

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical on the right side of the body
with the magazine square to the front.
b. The right hand retains its cup-like grip on the
butt plate with the right wrist, forearm and elbow
forced well in.
c. The left hand has a full grip on the stock of the
rifle, with the left wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in.
d. The left forearm is parallel to the ground.
e. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
f. Call out ONE.

02160 Order the squad to SHOULDER ARMS then

confirm by questions and practice.

360
 GROUND ARMS 2
02161 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

361
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the right

hand and force the hand approximately 100 to
150mm (4-6 inches) away from the rifle, bending
the elbow to strike and grasp the rifle between the
magazine housing and the pistol grip.

• Freeze in this position.

362
02162

Points to note
a. The rifle, left hand, wrist, forearm and elbow do not
move throughout the execution of the movement.

b. The right hand has a cup-like grip, with the

exception of the thumb, between the magazine
housing and the pistol grip, with the right wrist,
forearm and elbow forced well in.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out TWO.

02163 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

363
 GROUND ARMS 3
02164 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out THREE.

364
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the left

hand and force it across the body by the shortest
route to the correct position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, force the rifle down to the right

side of the body, under the control of the right hand.

• Freeze in this position.

365
02165

Points to note
a. The right arm is at its fullest extent with the rifle
barrel square to the front and parallel to the ground.

b. The left arm is in the correct position

of ATTENTION.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out THREE.

02166 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

366
 GROUND ARMS 4
02167 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, at the same time calling out FOUR.

367
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, take a short pace of 375mm

(15 inches) with the left foot, placing the flat of
the foot on the ground.

• Then bend both knees and lower the rifle to the

ground, twisting the wrist of the right hand to
force the magazine to the right.

• Freeze in this position.

368
02168

Points to note
a. The rifle is square to the front with the
magazine pointing to the right.

b. The heel of the butt plate is in line with the front

edge of the right foot.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out FOUR.

02169 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

369
 GROUND ARMS 5
02170 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FIVE!, at the same time calling out FIVE.

370
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the

right hand.

• Take a pace of 375mm (15 inches) to the rear

with the left foot.

• Straighten the body to resume the correct

position of ATTENTION, then freeze in this position.

371
02171

Points to note
a. The rifle is square to the front with the butt
plate in line with the front edge of the right boot.

b. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

c. Call out FIVE.

02172 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

372
 Final demonstration
and practice
02173 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement and then practise
the squad, ensuring it calls out the regulation time,
moving only on the ONEs.

373
 Conclusion
02174

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The need for good timing.

2. The importance of ensuring that the remainder

of the body is erect and square to the front, while
both knees are bent.

3. A look forward to TAKE UP ARMS to be taught in

the next lesson.

374
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 9

TAKE UP ARMS from

ground arms

375
Aim
02175 To teach TAKE UP ARMS from
ground arms

40

Timing
02176 One 40-minute period

Method
02177 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02178 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

376
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02179 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02180 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02181 Revise GROUND ARMS.

377
Introduction
02182

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn how to

TAKE UP ARMS from the ground in a smart, uniform
manner. Order the squad to adopt the RELAX
position and watch your demonstration.

378
 TAKE UP ARMS
02183 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, JUDGING THE TIME, TAKE
UP – ARMS!, at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

379
 TAKE UP ARMS 1
02184 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, TAKE UP
ARMS – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

380
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, take a short, 375mm (15

inches) pace with the left foot.

• Place the flat of the boot on the ground, then

bend both knees and grasp the rifle with a cup-like
grip with the right hand, between the magazine
housing and the pistol grip.

• Freeze in this position.

02185

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground, while
the toes of the right foot are on the ground and
the heel raised.
b. The rifle remains on the ground under control of
the right hand.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Call out ONE.

02186 Order the squad to GROUND ARMS then

confirm by questions and practice.

381
 TAKE UP ARMS 2
02187 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

382
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, the body is raised by

straightening the legs and returning the feet to the
correct position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, the rifle is rotated downwards

by the right wrist and kept horizontal to the
ground, with the right wrist, forearm and elbow
forced into the side of the body.

• The body is frozen in this position.

383
02188

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground at an
angle of 30 degrees front centre of the body and
both knees are braced.

b. The rifle is horizontal, with the magazine square

and downwards.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out TWO.

02189 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

384
 TAKE UP ARMS 3
02190 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – THREE!, at the same time calling
out THREE.

385
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the rifle to a vertical

position on the right side of the body under control
of the right hand.

• At the same time, force the left hand across

the body by the shortest route to strike, seize and
grasp the stock of the rifle.

• Freeze in this position.

386
02191

Points to note
a. The rifle is vertical on the right side of the body.
The right hand retains its cup-like grip on the rifle with
the right wrist, forearm and elbow forced well in.

b. The left hand has a full grip on the stock of the

rifle, with the left wrist, forearm and elbow forced
well in. The left forearm is parallel to the ground.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out THREE.

02192 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

387
 TAKE UP ARMS 4
02193 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FOUR!, at the same time calling out FOUR.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the right

hand and force the hand 100-150mm (4-6 inches)
from the rifle to restrike and grasp the butt plate
with a cup-like grip.

• Freeze in this position.

388
02194

Points to note
a. The rifle, left hand, wrist, forearm and elbow do not
move throughout the execution of this movement.

b. The right arm is fully extended with a cup-like

grip on the butt plate.

c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

d. Call out FOUR.

02195 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

389
 TAKE UP ARMS 5
02196 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FIVE!, at the same time calling out FIVE.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, release the grip with the left

hand and force it across the body by the shortest
route to resume the correct position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, force the rifle back to the

correct position of SHOULDER ARMS.

• Freeze in this position.

390
02197

Points to note
a. The rifle is now in the correct position of
SHOULDER ARMS.

b. The remainder of the body is erect and square to

the front.

c. Call out FIVE.

02198 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

391
 Final demonstration
and practice
02199 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement and then to
practise the squad, ensuring it calls out the
regulation time, moving only on the ONEs.

392
 Conclusion
02200

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The need for a good grip and timing.

2. The importance of ensuring that the remainder

of the body is erect and square to the front, while
both knees are bent.

3. A look forward to SALUTING TO THE FRONT at

the halt to be taught in the next lesson.

393
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 10

SALUTING TO THE
FRONT at the halt

394
Aim
02201 To teach SALUTE TO THE FRONT at
the halt

20

Timing
02202 One 20-minute period

Method
02203 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02204 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

395
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety Precautions
02205 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad Formation
02206 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02207 Revise TAKING UP ARMS if applicable.

396
Introduction
02208

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn

how to SALUTE TO THE FRONT at the halt in
order that an individual or body of cadets can
pay the correct COMPLIMENT to an officer, or
uncased colours/banners, in a smart, uniform
manner. Order the squad to adopt the RELAX
position and watch your demonstration.

397
 SALUTE TO THE FRONT
02209 The instructor is to demonstrate
the movement giving the words of command
SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE FRONT – SALUTE!,
at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

398
 SALUTE TO THE FRONT 1
02210 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SALUTING, BY NUMBERS, SALUTE TO THE
FRONT – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

399
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right arm from the

position of ATTENTION across the body to strike
the rifle in the area of the small of the butt.

• Freeze in this position.

02211

Points to note
a. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground. Both
knees are braced and the rifle is in the correct
position of SLOPE ARMS.
b. The right hand's fingers are extended and
together and are in the area of the small of the
butt with the thumb touching the index finger.
c. The wrist, forearm and elbow are straight and
parallel to the ground while the remainder of the
body is erect and square to the front.
d. Call out ONE.

02212 Confirm by questions then order the squad

to SLOPE ARMS and practise.

400
 SALUTE TO THE FRONT 2
02213 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, force the right hand

across the body by the shortest route, at
the same time clenching the fingers to
form a fist to resume the correct position of
ATTENTION at the right side of the body.

• Freeze in this position.

02214

Points to note
a. The left arm and rifle do not move
throughout the execution of this movement.

b. The remainder of the body is

erect and square to the front.

c. Call out TWO.

02215 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.
401
 Final demonstration
and practice
02216 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement and then to
practise the squad, ensuring it calls out the
regulation time, moving only on the ONEs.

402
 Conclusion
02217

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The need to strike the butt firmly.

2. The importance of ensuring that the

remainder of the body is erect and square
to the front, while both knees are bent.

3. A look forward to SALUTING TO A FLANK

at the halt to be taught in the next lesson.

403
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 11

SALUTING TO A FLANK
at the halt

404
Aim
02218 To teach SALUTE TO A FLANK at the halt

20

Timing
02219 One 20-minute period

Method
02220 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02221 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

405
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02222 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02223 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in a half circle.
Revision
02224 Revise SALUTE TO THE FRONT at
the halt.

406
Introduction
02225

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn how to

SALUTE TO THE RIGHT and LEFT at the halt. The
reason the movement is taught is to introduce
SALUTE TO THE FLANK on the march, so that the
emphasis is placed on the actions to be carried out
as the left heel strikes the ground. SALUTE TO THE
RIGHT will be taught first. Order the squad to adopt
the RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

407
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT
02226 The instructor is to demonstrate
the movement giving the words of command
SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE RIGHT – SALUTE!,
at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

408
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT 1
02227 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SALUTING, BY NUMBERS, SALUTE TO THE
RIGHT – ONE!, at the same time calling out ONE.

409
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, take a full marching pace

of 750mm (30 inches) with the left foot.

• As the left heel strikes the ground, force

the right arm across the body by the shortest
route into the correct position of SALUTE.

• At the same time, force the head and

eyes square across the right shoulder.

• Freeze in this position.

410
02228

Points to note
a. The heel of the left foot is on the ground,
toes raised.
b. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground, and
both knees are braced.
c. The rifle, left arm, right hand, wrist, forearm,
elbow, head and eyes are in the correct position
of the SALUTE while the remainder of the body is
erect and square to the front.
d. Call out ONE.

02229 Order the squad to SLOPE ARMS and

confirm by questions and practice.

411
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT 2
02230 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out TWO.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, return the left leg to the

position of ATTENTION, then freeze in this position.

• Force the left foot down beside the right.

• At the same time, force the right arm across the

body by the shortest route to resume the correct
position of ATTENTION and force the head and
eyes to the front, then freeze in this position.

02231

Points to note
a. T he left arm and rifle do not move
throughout the execution of this movement.

b. Both feet are flat and firm on the ground.

Both knees are braced while the remainder of
the body is erect and square to the front.

c. Call out TWO.

412
02232 Confirm by questions then adopt the last
position and practise.

Final demonstration
and practice
02233 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement and then
practise the squad, ensuring it calls out
ONE – TWO THREE – ONE.

SALUTE TO THE
LEFT at the halt
02234 The instructor is then to teach SALUTE TO
THE LEFT at the halt in the same way, ensuring the
head and eyes are forced to look over the left shoulder.

413
 Conclusion
02235

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:
1. Stress the importance of the head and eyes
forced square across the shoulder.
2. Emphasize that the actions of SALUTE are
carried out as the left heel strikes the ground.
3. A look forward to SALUTING TO A FLANK on the
march with the rifle to be taught in the next lesson.

414
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

RIFLE
EXERCISES
Lesson 12

SALUTING TO A FLANK
on the march

415
Aim
02236 To teach SALUTE TO A FLANK on the
march with a rifle

40

Timing
02237 One 40-minute period

Method
02238 A basic outdoor or indoor
instructional lesson

Preparation
02239 Select an area on the barrack square or any
area of hard ground, or indoor equivalent

416
Conduct of
the lesson
Preliminaries

Safety precautions
02240 Normal safety precautions should be
carried out when the squad is formed up.
Squad formation
02241 Squad stood properly AT EASE, with their
rifles, in one single rank.
Revision
02242 Revise SALUTING at the halt.

417
Introduction
02243

EXPLAIN

The next stage in rifle exercises is to learn how

to SALUTE TO A FLANK on the march, so that an
individual or body of cadets can pay the correct
COMPLIMENT to an officer, or uncased colours/
banners, while approaching from a flank in a
smart, uniform manner. SALUTE TO THE RIGHT
will be taught first. Order the squad to adopt the
RELAX position and watch your demonstration.

418
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT
02244 The instructor is to demonstrate
the movement giving the words of command
SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE RIGHT – SALUTE!,
at the same time calling out the time.

EXPLAIN

For instructional purposes the movement

is taught in numbered parts.

419
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT 1
02245 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SALUTING, SALUTE TO THE RIGHT – ONE!, at
the same time calling out ONE.

420
 EXPLAIN

• On the command, which is received as the left

heel strikes the ground, take a full marching pace
of 750mm (30 inches) with the right foot, at the
same time forcing the right arm to the rear.

• Take a further marching pace with the left

foot and, as the left heel strikes the ground,
force the right arm from the rear through
the position of ATTENTION and across the
body to the position of the SALUTE.

• At the same time, force the head and

eyes square across the right shoulder.

• Freeze in this position.

421
02246

Points to note
a. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground.
b. The left heel is on the ground with the toes
raised and both the knees braced.
c. The rifle is in the correct position of SLOPE ARMS.
The right hand, wrist, forearm, elbow, head and eyes
are in the correct position of SALUTE TO THE RIGHT.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
e. Call out ONE.

02247 Order the squad to SLOPE ARMS and

confirm by questions and practice.

422
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT 2
02248 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – TWO!, at the same time calling out
TWO – THREE – FOUR – FIVE.

EXPLAIN

• On the command, take a further four full

marching paces of 750mm (30 inches).

• Freeze in this position.

423
02249

Points to note
a. The right heel strikes the ground first.
b. The right foot is flat and firm on the ground. The
left heel is on the ground with the toes raised and
both knees are braced.
c. The rifle, right wrist, forearm, elbow, head and
eyes remain in the position of the SALUTE TO THE
RIGHT throughout the execution of these four
paces.
d. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
e. Call out the timing.

02250 Confirm by questions then adopt the last

position and practise.

424
 SALUTE TO THE RIGHT 6
02251 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – SIX!, at the same time calling out DOWN.

EXPLAIN
• On the command, take a full marching pace
of 750mm (30 inches) with the right foot.

• As the right heel strikes the ground,

force the right hand across the body to
the correct position of ATTENTION.

• At the same time, force the head

and eyes square to the front.

• Freeze in this position.

02252

Points to note
a. The left foot is flat and firm on the ground. The
right heel is on the ground with the toes raised and
both knees are braced.
b. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
c. Call out DOWN.

425
 SQUAD – FORWARD
02253 The instructor is to demonstrate the
movement, giving the words of command
SQUAD – FORWARD!, at the same time calling
out SWING.

EXPLAIN
• On the command, take a full marching pace
of 750mm (30 inches) with the left foot.

• At the same time, force the right arm forward

and continue to MARCH in quick time.
02254

Points to note
a. The left heel strikes the ground first and the
right arm is forced forward, level and in line with
the right shoulder.
b. Continue to MARCH at the regulation rate of
116 paces to the minute.
c. The remainder of the body is erect and square to
the front.
d. Call out SWING.

426
 Final demonstration
and practice
02255 The instructor is to give a final
demonstration of the movement and then practise
the squad, ensuring it calls out ONE – TWO –
THREE – FOUR – FIVE – DOWN – SWING.

SALUTE TO THE LEFT on

the march
02256 The instructor is then to teach
SALUTE TO THE LEFT on the march. This is taught
by demonstration and explanation. The actions
remain the same with the exception of the head
and eyes which are forced over the left shoulder.

427
 Conclusion
02257

End of lesson drill

a. Questions from the squad on the lesson, and
practice to confirm as time permits.
b. Safety precautions.
c. Summary to include the following:

1. The need for coordination of movement

and the importance of actions taking
place as the heel strikes the ground.

2. A look forward to the movements

to be taught in the next lesson.

428
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

BANNER
DRILL

All movements

429
General
0301 Banner drill will be performed in the
same time as rifle drill movements.

The ACF banner

0302 Field Marshal His Royal Highness Prince
Philip, The Duke of Edinburgh, presented the first
ACF banner in 1960, its centenary year. It was
presented as his personal banner, a symbol which
acknowledged 100 years of devoted service to the
nation, and as an expression of confidence that
this service would continue whatever changes
in circumstances the future might bring. A new
banner was presented by the Duke in 1982.

0303 The rules pertaining to the banner are set

out in Chapter 19 Annex C of the ACF Manual 2005.

430
 The CCF banner
0304 The original banner was presented by the
President of the Combined Cadet Force in 1960
as a symbol which acknowledged 100 years of
devoted service to the nation. A new banner
was presented in 1982 and is an expression of
confidence that this service will continue whatever
changes in circumstances the future may bring.

0305 The rules for the banner are shown in

CCF Regulations (1980) Section 16 Annex B.

431
 The banner
0306 The main rules are the same for both
ACF and CCF banner and are detailed here:
a. The banner is not consecrated but dedicated and
does not rank as a colour, standard or guidon. It will
not therefore be ‘trooped’ in the ceremonial sense.
b. Within the CCF it will be treated with ‘due
ceremony’ i.e. it will be given the respect
accorded to a colour except that:
• When marched on parade, arms will be
at the SLOPE and not presented.
• It will not be saluted by individuals
or parties of cadets passing it.
c. When the banner passes individuals or formed
parties of cadets they will stand to ATTENTION.
d. When the banner is actually handed
to an individual they will first of all
SALUTE before accepting it.
e. When on a parade, except a church
parade, the banner will be escorted
by a weapon-furnished escort.

432
 ORDER
0307 The banner pike
and the banner will
be held with the right
hand at that part of the
pike where the lowest
corner of the banner
reaches. The pike will be
perpendicular, the bottom
of the pike resting on
the ground in line with
and against the right
toe, the elbow close to
the body. The banner
should not be stretched
tight down the pike, but
allowed to hang naturally.

433
 STAND
AT EASE
0308 The movements
will be normal, except
that the left hand will
remain at the side
and the banner will
be kept perpendicular
at the right side.

434
CARRY from ORDER

435
 CARRY from ORDER
0309
a. Raise the banner to a perpendicular
position in front of the body, guiding the
base of the pike into the socket of the
banner belt with the left hand and keeping
the right forearm on the pike for control.
b. Force the left hand smartly to the side and
at the same time raise the right forearm to a
horizontal position. The right hand will be opposite
the centre of the mouth, back of the hand to the
front, and wrist and forearm horizontal, i.e. at right
angles to the pike, which will be held perpendicular.

436
 SLOPE from CARRY
0310
a. Raise the banner just clear of the
socket of the banner belt, controlling the
base of the pike with the left hand.
b. Lower the banner sharply onto the
right shoulder, at the same time forcing
the left arm up to assist in controlling
the banner onto the right shoulder.
c. Once the banner is on the right shoulder,
return the left arm to the left side.

0311 The angle of the banner at the SLOPE

will be 45 degrees, with the right elbow close
to the side and the right forearm parallel with
the ground. The banner should hang over and
cover the right shoulder and arm. The pike should
not show between the hand and shoulder, but
should be covered by the end of the banner.

437
 CHANGE THE BANNER FROM
RIGHT TO LEFT SHOULDER
0312
a. Grasp the banner and pike with the
left hand close above the right.
b. Carry the banner across the body and place it on
the left shoulder in the same position as detailed
in the second motion of SLOPE from CARRY.
c. Force the right hand smartly to the side.

CHANGE THE BANNER FROM

LEFT TO RIGHT SHOULDER

0313 The converse of paragraph 0312 above.

438
 CARRY from SLOPE
0314
a. Raise the banner off the right shoulder with
the right hand to the position of CARRY, guiding
the base of the pike into the socket of the
banner belt with the left hand keeping the right
forearm running along the pike for control.
b. Force the left hand smartly to the
side and at the same time raise the right
forearm to a horizontal position.

439
ORDER from CARRY

440
 ORDER from CARRY
0315
a. Raise the banner and pike just clear of
the socket of the banner belt, controlling
the base of the pike with the left hand and
dropping the right forearm onto the pike.
b. Lower the banner to the position of ORDER,
catching the pike with the left hand. The
forearm should be parallel to the ground.
c. Force the left hand to the side.

441
 LET THE BANNER
FLY from CARRY
0316 Release the banner with the right
hand and immediately seize the pike again.

CATCH THE BANNER

0317 Grasp the banner with the right hand
and resume the position of CARRY.

Point to note
The left hand may be used to assist in
catching the banner in a high wind.

442
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

THE
PACE-STICK

History

443
 The object of pace-stick drill
0401 The object of pace-stick drill is to
provide uniformity in the use of the stick and,
by it, the attainment of a high standard of
steadiness and cohesion among instructors.
0402 The pace-stick is used to gauge the
correct length of a pace, to measure the distances
between ranks, to check drill movements and
when stepping out and stepping short.
The instructor should MARCH with the
squad with the pace-stick open and turning,
to control the length of the pace.
When a squad has progressed and is MARCHING
the length of the pace, the instructor should
MARCH behind the squad with the stick open and
turning. If cadets are MARCHING with an open
stick it should be held at the CARRY unless they
have been instructed by a qualified drill instructor.

444
 The object of pace-stick drill
0403 The Royal Regiment of Artillery claims
to be the originator of the pace-stick. It was
used by its field guns to ensure the correct
distances between the guns. This pace-stick
was more like a walking stick, with a silver or
ivory knob. It could not be manipulated in the
way laid down in this chapter, as it opened like a
pair of callipers. From this beginning the infantry
developed the pace-stick as an aid to drill.
In 1928, the late Arthur Brand, MVO, MBE,
developed a drill for pace-sticks. The stick he used
is still carried by the Academy Sergeant Major at
the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS).

445
 The object of pace-stick drill
0404 In 1952, the Academy Sergeant Major
(the late John Lord, MVO, MBE) started a Pace-
Stick Competition. This competition is held
annually between the RMAS and the Guards
Depot teams of four sergeants, with a WO
team captain, and consists of pace-stick drill
over a set course in slow and quick time.
0405 The pace-stick is usually permitted to
be carried only by the Regimental Sergeant
Major or qualified drill instructor. However,
at a particular regiment’s discretion or Army
Cadet local decision, Company Sergeant-
Majors may carry a pace-stick. No other rank,
unless qualified, should carry a pace-stick.
0406 It is recognised that some cap badges/
counties will use canes not pace-sticks.

446
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

THE
PACE-STICK

All movements

447
Pace-stick drill at
the halt (stick closed)
0407

ATTENTION

448
 ATTENTION

a. When speaking to a WO or NCO the instructor

should hold the pace-stick in the right hand
with the brass feet ferrules uppermost.
The stick is placed on the second joint
of the forefinger with the remaining
fingers gripping the side of the stick.
The thumb is placed along the front of the
stick so the appearance is the same as the
left hand in the position of ATTENTION.

449
 ATTENTION
b. When speaking to an officer the stick is
placed beneath the left armpit, feet ferrules
to the rear, with the hinge end protruding
approximately 450mm (18 inches) to the front.
It is placed there by moving the right hand
across the body, placing the stick as directed.
The stick is trapped under the armpit
by the pressure of the inside of the
upper arm against the rib cage.
When secure, force the right arm to the side and at
the same time move the left hand onto the stick.
The left hand controls the stick’s
direction left or right.
The stick is held parallel to the ground by the
pressure of the arm against the rib cage.
The left hand holds the stick with the
fingers extended along the outside of
the stick, thumb along the inside.
The index finger runs parallel to the top
of the stick, with the second fingertip
in line with the end of the stick.

450
0408

STAND AT EASE
Normal foot drill is used with the stick
and it remains in the right hand, passing
along the forearm and armpit and
protruding out by the right shoulder.

451
0409

STAND EASY
In this position the body is simply relaxed. Note that
it is permitted to STAND AT EASE and STAND EASY
with the stick in the position of CARRY. Normal foot
drill is carried out, with the stick remaining under the
armpit and the right hand remaining at the side.

452
Pace-stick drill
at the halt (stick open)
0410

ATTENTION

453
 ATTENTION
With the pace-stick open to 750mm
(30 inches) stand to ATTENTION as normal.
Hold the stick in the right hand with the
leading leg of the stick perpendicular.
The foot ferrule on the ground is in line with the
front of the toe cap and 25mm (1 inch) to the
right, the rear leg COVERING OFF the leading leg.
The right hand holds the stick with the thumb
on the inside, the fingers on the outside curling
around the front of the stick, with the apex
of the legs showing over the right hand.

454
0411

STAND AT EASE
and STAND EASY
Normal foot drill is used but the left arm remains
at the side. With a flick of the right wrist, move the
rear leg of the stick around to the front, keeping the
leading leg on the ground, maintaining the grip with
the right hand. For STAND EASY, relax the body.

455
0412

Common faults
a. The stick is not in line with the toe cap.
b. Fingers are not curled around
the apex of the stick.
c. The rear leg is not COVERED
OFF by the leading leg.
d. The rear leg is not rotated through 180 degrees.

456
Pace-stick drill
on the march (stick closed)
0413

TRAIL

457
 TRAIL
Step off from the position of ATTENTION
and carry out the following drill:
a. On the first pace, move both hands
and grip the centre of the stick, left hand
above the right, the stick close to the right
side of the body and perpendicular.
On the third pace, move the stick to the fullest
extent of the right arm, with the stick parallel
to the ground and foot ferrules to the front. At
the same time force the left arm to the side.
On the fifth pace swing both arms.
The stick is held at the point of balance
by the right hand, and allowed to swing
with the movement of the right arm, being
manipulated between the fingers and thumb
of the right hand so that the whole stick
remains parallel to the ground at all times.
This movement does not stop the
arm from swinging normally.

458
 TRAIL
b. Bring the stick back to the position
of SHOULDER, then HALT in the normal
way but hold the stick in the right hand
and parallel with the ground.
After a regulation pause and with a flick of the
right wrist, bring the stick into a perpendicular
position, at the same time moving the left hand
across the body to strike and grip the stick at the
point of balance, forcing it into the right shoulder.
The right hand moves to the hinge end and grips
the stick as for the position of ATTENTION.
Force the left hand to the side.
c. To bring the stick back to the position of
CARRY, HALT in the normal way but hold the stick
in the right hand and parallel to the ground.
After a regulation pause, move the stick
across the body, placing it under the
left arm, with feet ferrules to the rear
as for the position of ATTENTION.
Force the right hand to the side as the left
hand grasps the hinge end of the stick.

459
0414

SHOULDER
It is permissible for the stick to be carried
on the march in the position of SHOULDER.
The stick is held parallel to the right arm
and the arms are swung normally.

460
Saluting
0415

At the halt
When saluting at the halt, the left hand is
forced away as the right hand comes up to
SALUTE. When the right hand is forced away,
the left hand returns to the pace-stick.

461
0416

Common faults
a. The stick is not held parallel to the right arm or
is held in the fist as opposed to second finger joint
when MARCHING with the stick at the shoulder.
b. Pressure on the left hand makes the head of
the stick dip down and the stick is not parallel
to the ground when held at the CARRY.
c. When at the CARRY the left hand
is not at the end of the stick.
d. The right and left hands do not
work together when SALUTING.

462
0417

SALUTING an officer

463
 Saluting an officer
When saluting an officer from the TRAIL
position, the stick is placed under the left armpit,
working on successive left feet as follows:
One: stick placed under the arm,
left arm remains at side
Two: right hand forced to side
Three: SALUTE
Four: hand away
Five: right hand to stick
Six: stick to TRAIL
Seven: swing stick

0418

Common faults
a. The stick is not carried parallel to the ground.
b. The stick is not forced under the armpit.
c. The regulation pause is not maintained.
d. The stick is not held parallel to the ground by
pressure of the upper arm against the rib cage.

464
Pace-stick drill
on the march (stick open)
0419

CARRY

465
CARRY

466
 CARRY
When the stick is open, it is brought to the
CARRY position of ATTENTION. The CARRY
position and the drills involved are as follows:
a. On the first pace, pick up the stick by bending
the right arm so the forearm is parallel to the
ground. The index finger remains in front of the
leading leg and the remaining fingers curl round
the rear leg. The thumb makes contact with the
index finger round the front of the leading leg. The
leading leg of the stick maintains the perpendicular.
The right elbow is forced into the side.
b. On the command HALT!, force the stick
down to the position of ATTENTION.
c. To SALUTE with the stick at the CARRY,
first transfer the stick to the left hand.

0420

Common faults
a. The forearm is not parallel to the ground.
b. The leading leg is not perpendicular.

467
Pace-stick drill
in quick time
0421

Turning the stick

This movement is the start of MARCHING
with the stick open. It is easier to master
the art of turning the stick by practising on
grass first. The movement is as follows:
a. The stick is controlled by a good wrist
movement, the fingers used for control, the
stick turned by the thumb and pressure on
the leading leg. It is essential that the leading
leg is always perpendicular, as the stick is
turned with the thumb. This makes the stick
turn through 180 degrees with ease.

468
 Changing sticks
– right to left

469
0422

Changing sticks – right

to left
The stick can be turned with either
the right or the left hand and changed
from one to the other as follows:
1. Right to left
a. With the stick turning in the right
hand the cautionary words of command
CHANGING STICKS is given.
b. On the executive CHANGE STICKS! (CHANGE
on the left foot; STICKS! on the right) the stick
is changed from the right hand to the left.
c. On the command STICKS! the left arm is
forced into the side, the leading leg of the stick is
moved across the body and the left foot passes
inside the stick. The left hand moves to the top
of the stick to take control so both hands are
on the stick at this time. The leading ferrule
hits the ground on the outside of the left leg.
d. As the right foot moves forward, the left hand
controls the stick and the right hand is forced
away to the side. The rear leg follows across
the body, turning outwards, and continues
to turn on the left side of the instructor.
2. Left to right
a. With the stick turning in the left hand, change
back to the right using the reverse procedure.

470
0423

Carrying sticks
When on the march in quick time and
turning the stick, the CARRY position
can be adopted as follows:
a. The words of command CARRY –
STICKS! are given only when the stick
is in the right hand and turning.
b. The cautionary CARRY is drawn out over
three or four paces; the executive STICKS!
is given on the left foot in on the right in
quick time. Working on the next right foot
bring the stick to the CARRY position.

0424

Pacing sticks
To return the stick to the ground the words of
command PACING – STICKS! are given, with the
cautionary PACING given over three or four paces.
The executive STICKS! is as above. Working on the
next left foot the stick is brought into action again.

0425

Common faults
a. Not swinging the disengaged arm correctly.
b. Walking around the stick when changing sticks.
c. Not forcing the arm into the side when
changing sticks.
471
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

TURNOUT

Clothing and appearance

472
Multi-terrain
pattern personal
combat suit
(MTP PCS)
0501

Army Dress Regulations

These are produced and released by the Army
Dress Committee. The Part 8 Dress Regulations
for CCF(A) & ACF are to be adhered to by all
ranks within the Army Cadets. The following
images show current and correct uniform
as of the making of this document. You are
strongly advised to check local policy and any
amendments of the Army Dress Regulations.

0502 Mixed orders of dress are not to be worn.

0503 When wearing uniform CFAVs and cadets

are to indicate clearly that they are ACF or CCF
by wearing an ACF or CCF rank slide, organisation
flash or shoulder titles depending on dress.

473
Long-sleeve order

474
Long-sleeve order

475
Short-sleeve order

476
Short-sleeve order

477
Smock order

478
Smock order

479
Personal
appearance
0504

Hair
a. Males
Hair is to be well cut and trimmed, except where
authority has been granted otherwise on religious
grounds. Style and colour (if not natural) is not to
be of an exaggerated nature. Moustaches are to be
trimmed and not below the line of the lower lip.
Beards and whiskers may be worn only with
authority, and this will usually be granted by the
Contingent Commander/Cadet Commandant on
medical, religious or cultural grounds. CFAVs may also
request authority from the Contingent Commander/
Cadet Commandant to wear a beard while in uniform
where there is no medical, religious or cultural
reason. Unless otherwise directed by religious
tradition, all beards must be kept short and tidy.
Sideburns are not to descend below the midpoint
of the ear and are to be trimmed horizontally.
b. Females
Hair is to be neat and worn above the collar. Combs,
grips etc. (if worn) are to be plain and similar in
colour to the hair. A hair net (if worn) is to be of
the same colour as the hair. The style and colour (if
not natural) is not to be of an exaggerated nature.

480
0505

Makeup
a. Males
Makeup is not to be worn.
b. Females
Makeup (if worn) is to be inconspicuous. Brightly
coloured nail varnish is not to be worn.

0506

Jewellery
On formal parades, visible watches and jewellery
(except wedding rings) are not to be worn. At
other times only wedding and/or engagement
rings, and one signet ring, may be worn with
uniform. Women may wear a single small plain
stud earring in the centre of the lobe of each
ear. Rings, studs etc. are not to be worn through
any other part of the body in uniform or while
undertaking PT. Additional religious or cultural
symbols or accoutrements may be worn where
this is customary and authority has been granted.

481
0507

Wearing of promotional
items supporting charities
Many charities provide promotional items such as
the poppy or wristbands for supporters to wear. It
is permissible to wear such items in certain orders
of dress providing it is an officially authorized
charity and the Army Dress Committee has
endorsed the particular item. The poppy supporting
the Royal British Legion and the Earl Haig Fund
has been approved for wear in all orders of dress.
Wristbands are a popular promotional item
and these may be worn providing that:
a. The charity is officially authorized.
b. No more than one wristband
is worn at any one time.
c. They are not worn on formal occasions
or with parade orders of dress.

482
Head dress
0508

Introduction
The wearing of head dress on different occasions
reflects a combination of the cultural etiquette of
formal British society, military custom and religious
practices. As a guideline, the norms of formal
etiquette should be followed. Further guidelines
for common situations are given in the paragraphs
that follow. Where adherence to particular
religious customs differs from military etiquette,
further guidelines are contained at Section 7 of
the Army Dress Regulations. These highlight the
differences between those whose customs require
the removal of head dress as a sign of respect,
especially in religious circumstances, and those
who cover their head as a sign of religious respect
(Jews and others under varying circumstances).
These instructions are for guidance and are to be
applied generally, although specific instructions
for the wear and removal of head dress by
some different religious groups are contained
in Section 7 of the Army Dress Regulations.

483
0509

Consecrated buildings
All male and female personnel are to observe
the custom of the religious denomination
concerned in regard to wearing head dress in a
consecrated building. While males will, in general,
nearly always remove head dress, females may
retain or remove their head dress according
to their personal or religious preference.

0510

Messes and dining halls

Personnel who avail themselves of the
privileges offered by a mess or dining hall are
to remove head dress on entering the premises.
Except for mess and dining hall staff, those
entering for the purpose of performing a duty
or an inspection, or those entering for the
purpose of maintaining or enforcing discipline,
are not normally to remove head dress.

484
0511

Non-service buildings
Head dress is not normally to be removed in any
public place, including lifts. However, personnel may
observe the custom practised by civilians in regard
to wearing head dress in non-service buildings
such as restaurants, theatres and civil courts.

0512

Public transportation
Head dress is to be worn when travelling
aboard local public conveyances. Personnel
travelling extended distances by bus, rail
or aircraft may remove their head dress
while in transit. However, it is to be replaced
prior to leaving the vehicle or aircraft.

485
0513

Military and privately

owned motor vehicles (PMV)
Personnel wearing uniform are to wear
head dress while operating or travelling as
a passenger in a military vehicle except:
a. If the roof of the vehicle is too low to permit
head dress to be worn with comfort and safety.
b. On extended trips.
c. On order of the senior member present.

When head dress has been removed in

accordance with the provisions of the
preceding paragraph, it is to be replaced:
a. When approaching and leaving
a military establishment.
b. Immediately upon exiting a
military vehicle or PMV.

486
0514

Parades
Head dress is to be removed, when so ordered,
by all ranks on parade except for musicians,
banner bearers and their escorts.

0515

Badges
For placement of badges on blanking
plates and the right to wear military
qualifications (CFAVs only) such as parachute
wings, see Army Dress Regulations.
CFAVs must wear either the red (ACF) or purple
(CCF) flash. This must be on display at all times on
the right arm when in uniform, unless permitted
to wear No 2 uniform, in which case ACF or CCF
shoulder titles must be worn. No other version
of the ACF or CCF flash are to be worn.

ACF flash CCF flash

487
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

1. Aids to drill

488
 Calling out the time
0601 Cadets in early stages of training should call
out the time so that:
a. Every member of a squad has the regulation
pause fixed in their head.
b. The squad learn to act together.
0602 The squad should call out the words given
in Annex 2. They must learn to be still when calling
out TWO THREE for the regulation pause.

Time and pace

0603 In Annex 5 is a chart showing the lengths of
pace, rates of marching and timings of movements.

489
 Mechanical aids
0604 There are three aids the instructor may use
to help them obtain accurate, smart drill. They are:
a. The metronome
b. The drum
c. The pace-stick

The metronome
0605 This gives an accurate check on the rate of
MARCHING and on the timing of rifle exercises. It
can be set to any number of beats per minute and
should be used frequently to maintain uniformity
of instruction over timings. It must, itself, be
checked frequently against a stopwatch to ensure
it is accurate.

490
 The drum
0606 As an aid to instructors, the drum has
three uses:
1. When foot drill and rifle exercises are being
taught by numbers at the halt, station a drummer
behind the squad. A specimen word of command
would sound like this:
RIFLE EXERCISES, BY NUMBERS, WORKING
WITH THE DRUM, SHOULDER ARMS – TAP!
SQUAD – TAP! SQUAD – TAP!
The drummer should judge the regulation pause
between the cautionary word of command and
their tap. The squad will react more sharply to the
tap of the drum than they would to the instructor’s
word of command.

491
 The drum
2. When foot and rifle exercises are being done at
the halt judging the time, station a drummer to the
rear of the squad. They should have a metronome
beside them (set at 40) and should be far enough
behind the squad for them not to hear the tick of
the metromone. A specimen word of command
would sound like this:
RIFLE EXERCISES, WORKING WITH THE
DRUM, SLOPE – TAP! TAP! TAP!
The drummer will judge the regulation pause
between the cautionary word of command and
their first tap, if this is possible. Thereafter they will
tap the drum on every beat of the metronome for
the same number of times as there are movements.
3. To beat the rate of MARCHING, set the
metronome to the rate required. The drummer
now beats in time with the metronome and the
squad stands still and listens. When the instructor
is ready to practise their squad they must have the
drummer beating the time to the metronome and
then give QUICK-MARCH!

The pace-stick
See Chapter 4 The pace-stick.

492
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

2. The words of command

493
 HALT (MARCHING)

Word of HALT
command (MARCHING)

Quick time Left heel strikes

(when given) the ground

Slow time Left foot passes

(when given) the right

What the squad

ONE TWO
will call out

Quick (or slow) MARCH

Word of
QUICK (or SLOW) MARCH
command
QUICK on the left foot
Quick time MARCH! on the right foot
(when given)
(On successive feet)
Slow time SLOW on the left foot
(when given) MARCH! on the right foot

494
 RIGHT – TURN! (incline)

Word of
RIGHT – TURN! (incline)
command

Quick time Left heel strikes

(when given) the ground

Slow time Left foot passes

(when given) the right

LEFT – TURN!
Remarks
(vice versa)

ABOUT – TURN!

Word of
ABOUT – TURN!
command

Quick time Left foot passes

(when given) the right

Slow time Just before the right foot

(when given) reaches the ground
(Quick time)
IN – LEFT – RIGHT –
What the squad LEFT – FORWARD
will call out (Slow time)
ONE STOP – TWO STOP –
THREE STOP – FORWARD

495
 MARK – TIME!

Word of
MARK – TIME!
command

Quick time Right heel strikes

(when given) the ground

Slow time Over complete

(when given) right pace

What the squad

(Quick time) IN
will call out

HALT! FORWARD!
(MARKING TIME)

Word of HALT! FORWARD!

command (MARKING TIME)

Quick time
Left knee fully raised
(when given)

Slow time
Right knee fully raised
(when given)

496
 CHANGE – STEP! (MARCHING
and MARKING TIME)

CHANGE – STEP!
Word of
(MARCHING and
command
MARKING TIME)
Quick time
(when given) CHANGE on the left foot,
STEP! on the right foot
Slow time (On successive feet)
(when given)
(MARCHING) LEFT – RIGHT
What the squad – LEFT
will call out (MARKING TIME) LEFT –
LEFT – RIGHT

BREAK INTO QUICK TIME,

QUICK – MARCH!

Word of BREAK INTO QUICK

command TIME, QUICK – MARCH!
QUICK on the left foot.
Slow time MARCH! on the right foot
(when given)
(On successive feet)

497
 BREAK INTO SLOW TIME,
SLOW – MARCH!

Word of BREAK INTO SLOW TIME,

command SLOW - MARCH!

Quick time
On the right heel
(when given)

OPEN (CLOSE) – ORDER!

Word of
OPEN (CLOSE) – ORDER!
command

Slow time Over complete

(when given) right pace

498
 RIGHT – FORM!

Word of
RIGHT – FORM!
command

Quick time Left heel strikes

(when given) the ground

Slow time Left foot about to reach

(when given) the ground

LEFT – FORM!
Remarks
(vice versa)

RIGHT (LEFT) FORM – SQUAD!

Word of RIGHT (LEFT)

command FORM – SQUAD!

Quick time
(when given) As for right
Slow time (or left) turn
(when given)

499
 SALUTING, EYES –
RIGHT! (MARCHING)

Word of SALUTING, EYES – RIGHT!

command (MARCHING)

Quick time
On the left foot
(when given)

Slow time
On the right foot
(when given)
(Quick time) ONE – TWO
What the squad
– THREE – FOUR – FIVE –
will call out
DOWN – SWING

SALUTING!
a. To the front from MARCHING
b. As on sentry

SALUTING!
Word of a. To the front from
command MARCHING
b. As on sentry
Quick time Left heel strikes
(when given) the ground

500
Point to note
For all movements of foot and arms drill at the halt
in which there is more than one part, the squad will
call out ONE – TWO THREE – ONE, moving only as
they call out ONE.

501
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

3. The introductory
words of command

502
Before a squad is turned in any direction, the
instructor indicates that direction by a word of
command. The two diagrams below show how this
is done:

SQUAD WILL ADVANCE

RM
MOVE TO MOVE TO
THE Squad facing THE
LEFT IN in any of RIGHT IN
THREES these directions THREES

SQUAD WILL RETIRE

RM = right marker

503
Since it would be impractical to give the word of
command MOVE TO THE RIGHT IN THREES,
LEFT – TURN!, the following introductory words of
command are used when the squad is retiring:

SQUAD WILL ADVANCE

RM
SQUAD SQUAD
WILL WILL
The squad facing
MOVE MOVE
this direction
TO THE TO THE
RIGHT LEFT

SQUAD WILL RETIRE

RM = right marker

504
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

4. Delivery of words
of command

505
0701 All words of command must be clear
and powerful as the way in which they are
given affects the reaction they inspire. A word
of command is divided into three parts:
a. Introductory
This tells the squad what movement
they are about to carry out, i.e. MOVE
TO THE RIGHT IN THREES.
b. Cautionary
The drawn out and loud reminder
to the squad, i.e. RIGHT.
c. Executive
The high-pitched, sharp command, i.e. TURN!

0702 Sometimes there is no need for

an introductory word of command, i.e.
SQUAD – SHUN! and occasionally there
is no cautionary, e.g. FORWARD!

506
 Timing of words of command
0703 Annex 2 shows on what foot the executive
word of command is given. The cautionary word
of command should be consistently drawn out
over the equivalent of approximately four paces
in quick time. There should be a pause between
it and the executive word of command of:
a. At the halt – the regulation pause.
b. In quick time – about four paces.
c. In slow time – about three paces.

507
 Development of
words of command
0704 Instructors should be taught how to
control a squad by the following two methods:
1. Communication drill
a. First demonstrate to the squad all words of
command at the halt, including rifle exercises.
b. Now conduct the squad while they give
elementary words of command, insisting
on clarity and power from each person.
c. Divide the squad into two ranks,
placing them 30 metres apart with a five-
pace interval between each person.
d. Each person should now drill their opposite
number 30 metres away without regard to
the person to the left or right of them.
e. After no more than ten minutes, change
the ranks so the people in both ranks have a
chance of controlling their opposite number.

508
 Development of
words of command
2. Mutual drill
a. Form the squad into three ranks
and explain the introductory word of
command and the directing flank.
b. Call out each member of the squad in
turn to drill the squad, and call out another
member of the squad to watch and to be
prepared to comment on their performance.

Point to note
Be patient and encouraging. When
correcting, be sure that you address your
remarks to the whole squad, since they
can all learn by one person’s mistakes.

509
 Formation of squad
0705 Bear two factors in mind:
a. The comfort of the squad. Make sure they are
not looking into the sun or facing into the wind.
b. The formation in which they will learn most quickly.

As a guide:

Formation Use
Straight line Foot drill
Half circle Rifle exercises
Three ranks, open
Saluting at the halt
order, inclined

Explanation
0706 Explain what you are about to
teach and why it is necessary.

510
 Demonstration
0707 Break this down as follows:
a. Complete demonstration, shouting
out the words of command.
b. Demonstration by numbers,
pointing out important details.
c. Another complete demonstration.

Questions
0708 After giving the first demonstration
by numbers, ask the squad if they have
any questions and do so after each
successive demonstration by numbers.

Practice
0709 After each demonstration by numbers,
practise the squad in that movement, checking
faults. Finally, after demonstrating the whole
movement, practise the squad, judging the time.

Correction of faults
0710 When correcting faults, be sure you
address your remarks to the whole squad
to allow all to learn from one person’s
mistake. Be patient and encouraging.

511
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

5. Time and pace

512
1. Every instructor should know the rates of
marching, lengths of pace, and timings of foot and
arms drill that are laid out below:

Rates of MARCHING
116 paces to
Quick time (normal)
the minute
Up to 140 paces
Quick time (recruits)
to the minute
Quick time 140 paces to
(The Rifles) the minute
65 paces to
Slow time (normal)
the minute
Slow time 70 paces to
(The Rifles) the minute
180 paces to
Double time
the minute

513
 Lengths of pace
Quick and
750mm (30 inches)
slow time

Stepping out 830mm (33 inches)

Stepping short 530mm (21 inches)

Double time 1000mm (40 inches)

Side pace 300mm (12 inches)

Timing of foot and arms drill

A pause is judged between movements of
foot and arms drill which would allow 40
movements to be completed in a minute.
This is called the regulation pause.

514
DRILL & TURNOUT
TRAINING MANUAL

ANNEXES

6. Notes for
inspecting officers

515
 Introduction
1. Before drill, cadets/CFAVs should
be inspected to ensure that:
a. They are dressed correctly.
b. Their clothing and equipment
is serviceable and clean.
c. Their weapons are clean (and cared for).
d. They are alert and healthy.

2. Cadets/CFAVs should be at ATTENTION

when inspected, though whether they SLOPE
their rifles depends on regimental custom.

3. The inspecting officer, warrant or non-

commissioned officer should be accompanied
by the next senior warrant or non-commissioned
officer who should note down anything they
are is told. The next senior warrant or non-
commissioned officer should be posted in
front of the squad to see that the squad
stands still and looks to the front.

516
 General impression
4. Look at the squad first:
a. Are they standing correctly to ATTENTION?
b. Is their DRESSING and COVERING OFF good?

5. Take a quick look at each cadet

when you come to them:
a. Clean and shaved?
b. Standing well?
c. Uniform clean and pressed? Does it fit?

Detail
6. Head
a. Cap – clean and brushed.
b. Badge – clean and in correct place.
c. Beret – bow sewn down neatly.
d. Hair – tidy and of a reasonable
length. Female – hair tidy in a bun?

517
7. Body
a. Collar – clean.
b. Uniform – well fitted, clean and pressed.
d. Pockets – emptied of bulky objects.
e. Buttons – sewn on and fastened,
with no stray ends of cotton.

8. Waistbelt
a. Fitted correctly.
b. Fitted so that the buckle is in the
centre of the body and the belt.
c. Correctly fastened and polished
where necessary.

9. Trousers
a. Bloused correctly.
b. Pressed correctly and not
excessively worn on the inside.

10. Boots
a. Serviceable and polished.
b. Tightly laced with the laces tied so that
they cannot come undone during a parade.

11. Weapons clean and dry.

518
 Some don'ts

12. Don’t:
a. Touch them without their permission.
b. Ridicule or humiliate individual
members of the squad.
c. Spend a long time in front of each person.
d. Allow those accompanying
you to inspect for you.

Some dos

13. Do:
a. Be consistent and impersonal.
b. Be decisive and tell your accompanying warrant
or non-commissioned officer the action you require.
c. Give praise readily.

519
This document will be reviewed annually.
Any requests for changes should be submitted
via the chain of command to the sponsor.

© Crown Copyright AC72147

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