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MT Training

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213 views78 pages

MT Training

Uploaded by

jerick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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NDT Training Program MAGNETIC ws PARTICLE METHOD = Oo ASNT Continuing Education yy in Nondestructive Testing The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Co o © NDT TRAINING PROGRAM STUDENT'S GUIDE MAGNETIC PARTICLE METHOD INTRODUCTION TO THE MAGNETIC PARTICLE TRAINING PACKAGE The training materials in this package are designed to provide a basic knowledge of the fundamentals of magnetic particle testing. The training program that you are participating in will contain the following classroom hours of instruction to present the information suggested in the ASNT publication SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice, June 1975 Edition. Level I training will include lectures on all nine lessons with an average of approximately 1.5 hours per lesson. Emphasis will be given to lessons 1-6 Level Il training will include lectures on all nine lessons with an average of approximately 2.26 hours per lesson. Emphasis will be given to lessons 7-9. The student should assume the responsibilty for reading all assignments, attending lectures, and par- ticipating in class discussions. Short exams will be administered after each lesson to provide the student with a feel for his/her progress and to stimulate study. . CONTENTS OF TRAINING PACKAGE ‘Your training package will contain the following materials with specific Instructions and assignments to be given by the course instructor. 1. STUDENT'S PACKAGE ‘A. Student's Guide which will outine the purpose, content, and use of the training material. B. 1 Classroom Training Handbook which will serve as the major text for the training course (cT-6-3) C. 9 Individual tecture guide packets on the fundamentals of magnetic particle testing. The lecture ] s s " > ATTRACT s N WITH ALL OF THE MAGNETIC DOMAINS ad a LINED UP, THE MAGNETIC BAR ee DEVELOPS A TOTAL FORCE ae S EQUAL TO THE SUM OF ALL OF EA a TN ) THE MAGNETIC DOMAINS. XS 7 ) THESE ARE THE MAGNETIC LINES % >} OF FORCE WHICH FORM A ‘a CLOSED LOOP OR CIRCUIT. Ww ALL OF THE LINES.OF FORCE MAKE UP THE MAGNETIC FIELD. MT Lecture Guide Lesson 1 THE FORCE THAT ATTRACTS OTHER MAGNETIZABLE MATERIALS TO THE MAGNETIC POLES IS KNOWN AS MAGNETIC FLUX. MAGNETIC FLUX !S MADE UP OF ALL OF THE LINES OF FORCE. THE HORSESHOE MAGNET WILL ATTRACT OTHER MAGNETIZABLE MATERIAL ONLY WHERE THE LINES OF FORCE LEAVE OR ENTER THE MAGNET. | IF A MAGNET IS BENT INTO A COMPLETE LOOP AS SHOWN BELOW, THE MAGNETIC FIELD IS ENTIRELY WITHIN, THUS NO EXTERNAL FORCE. HOWEVER, A CRACK IN THE CIRCULAR MAGNET WILL DISRUPT THE FLOW OF LINES. OF FORCE AND CREATE A FLUX LEAKAGE. IRON PARTICLES FIELD IS ENTIRELY LEAKAGE FIELO WILL WITHIN, THUS NO. ATTRACT MAGNETIC. EXTERNAL FORCE, PARTICLES LEAKAGE FIELDS (FLUX LEAKAGE) ARE ACTUALLY MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE THAT LEAVE THE PART AND PASS THROUGH AIR FROM ONE POLE TO THE OTHER ¢ OF OPPOSITE POLARITY. MT Lecture Guide Lesson 1 WHENEVER THE LEAKAGE FIELD IS FORCED OUT OF THE PART, IRON PARTICLES WOULD BE ATTRACTED SHOWING AN INDICATION OF A DISCONTINUITY. EVEN SOME SUBSURFACE DISCONTINUITIES MAY BE DETECTED IF THE LEAKAGE FIELD IS STRONG ENOUGH AS SHOWN BELOW. FLUX LEAKAGE FLUX LEAKAGE wy VECTOR FIELD WHEN TWO MAGNETIZING FORCES ARE IMPOSED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE SAME PART, THE OBJECT IS NOT MAGNETIZED IN TWO DIRECTIONS AT THE SAME TIME 5 A VECTOR FIELD IS FORMED WHICH IS THE RESULTANT DIRECTION AND wy STRENGTH OF THE TWO IMPOSED FIELDS. THIS IS ILLUSTRATED BELOW, WHERE F, IS THE FIRST MAGNETIZING FORCE, F, IS THE SECOND FORCE, AND F,,, EQUALS THE RESULTANT MAGNETIZING FORCE. c Vector Field Diagram MT Lecture Guide Lesson 1 MAGNETIC MATERIALS IF AN OBJECT IS PLACED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD A FORCE IS EXERTED ON IT AND IT IS SAID TO BECOME MAGNETIZED. THE INTENSITY OF MAGNETIZATION DEPENDS UPON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO BECOME MAGNETIZED. DIAMAGNETIC METALS—HAVE A SMALL AND NEGATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MAGNETIZATION (SLIGHTLY REPELLED). COPPER, SILVER, AND GOLD ARE EXAMPLES OF DIAMAGNETIC MATERIALS. PARAMAGNETIC METALS—HAVE A SMALL AND POSITIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MAGNETIZATION (SLIGHTLY ATTRACTED). MAGNESIUM, MOLYBDENUM, LITHIUM, AND TANTALUM ARE EXAMPLES. FERROMAGNETIC METALS—HAVE A LARGE AND POSITIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MAGNETIZATION. THEY HAVE A STRONG ATTRACTION AND ARE ABLE TO RE- TAIN THEIR MAGNETIZATION AFTER THE MAGNETIZING FIELD HAS BEEN REMOVED. IRON, COBALT, AND NICKEL ARE EXAMPLES OF FERROMAGNETIC METALS. FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS ARE THE ONLY METALS COMMONLY IN- PECTED WITH THE MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING METHOD. MAGNETIC FLUX—THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE EXISTING IN A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT IS CALLED MAGNETIC FLUX. THE LINES OF FORCE IN A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT ARE ALWAYS CLOSED ‘LOOPS, THEREFORE, A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT IS ALWAYS CLOSED AS SHOWN BELOW. MAGNETIC FIELD FLUX DENSITY—OR INDUCTION IS Za = USUALLY DESIGNATED IN “GAUSS” (co UNITS AND REFERS TO THE FLUX-PER-UNIT AREA AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE DIRECTION OF THE-FLUX. ae

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