Scribd
Upload
64 views4 pages

Cpe Notes - Unit II

The document discusses psychrometry, which is the study of moist air mixtures. It defines key terms like dry air, moist air, saturated air, humidity, and others. It describes psychrometric charts which graphically present thermal and physical properties of air mixtures. The charts allow users to determine characteristics like temperature, humidity, and moisture content by locating the intersection of two known characteristics on the chart. The document also discusses humidification operations, gas laws, and their application in determining psychrometric properties of air-water-vapour mixtures.

Uploaded by

dhananivetha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views4 pages

Cpe Notes - Unit II

The document discusses psychrometry, which is the study of moist air mixtures. It defines key terms like dry air, moist air, saturated air, humidity, and others. It describes psychrometric charts which graphically present thermal and physical properties of air mixtures. The charts allow users to determine characteristics like temperature, humidity, and moisture content by locating the intersection of two known characteristics on the chart. The document also discusses humidification operations, gas laws, and their application in determining psychrometric properties of air-water-vapour mixtures.

Uploaded by

dhananivetha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Unit II PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PSYCHROMETRY 6

Physical properties of agricultural produces - Psychrometry – importance – Psychrometric charts and its
uses – humidification operations, gas-liquid contents, gas laws and their application in determining
psychrometric properties of air-water-vapour mixture.

LEC 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCES

UOAP Book - Page No. : 20 - 29

LEC 2. PSYCHROMETRY – IMPORTANCE

PSYCHROMETRY
The psychrometry is a branch of engineering science, which deals with the study of moist air
i.e. dry air mixed with water vapour or humidity. It also includes the study of behavior of dry air and
water vapour mixture under various sets of conditions.
Though the earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases including nitrogen (N 2), oxygen (02),
argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (C02), yet for the purpose of psychrometry, it is considered to be a
mixture of dry air and water vapour only
Psychrometric Terms: Though there are many Psychrometric terms, yet the following are important
from the subject point of view:
1. Dry Air: The pure dry air is a mixture of a number of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, hydrogen, argon, neon, helium etc. But the nitrogen and oxygen have the major portion of
the combination.
2. Moist air: It is a mixture of dry air and water vapour. The amount of water vapour, present in the
air, depends upon the absolute pressure and temperature of the mixture.
3. Saturated air: It is a mixture of dry air and water vapour, when the air has diffused the maximum
amount of water vapour into it. The water vapours, usually, occur in the form of superheated steam as
an invisible gas. However, when the saturated air is cooled, the water vapour in the air starts
condensing, and the same may be visible in the form of moist, fog or condensation on cold surfaces.
4. Degree of saturation: It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapour in a unit mass of dry air to the
mass of water vapour in the same mass of dry air when it is saturated at the same temperature.
5. Humidity: It is the mass of water vapour present in 1 kg of dry air, and is generally expressed in
terms of gram per kg of dry air (g / kg of dry air). It is also called specific humidity or humidity ratio.
6. Absolute humidity: It is the mass of water vapour present in 1 m3 of dry air, and is generally
expressed in terms of gram per cubic-meter of dry air (g/m 3 of dry air). It is also expressed in terms of
grains per cubic meter of dry air.
7. Relative humidity: It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapour in a given volume of moist air to
the mass of water vapour in the same volume of saturated air at the same temperature and pressure. It
is briefly written as RH.
8. Dry bulb temperature: It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer, when it is not
affected by the moisture present in the air. The dry bulb temperature (briefly written as DBT) is
generally denoted by td or tdb.
9. Wet bulb temperature: It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer, when its bulb is
surrounded by a wet cloth exposed to the air. Such a thermometer is called wet bulb thermometer.
The wet bulb temperature (briefly written as WBT) is generally denoted by tw or twb.
10. Wet bulb depression: It is the difference between dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature
at any point. The wet bulb depression indicates relative humidity of the air.
11. Dew Point Temperature: It is the temperature of air recorded by a thermometer, when the
moisture (water vapour) present in it begins to condense. In other words, the dew point temperature is
the saturation temperature (tsat) corresponding to the partial pressure of water vapour (P). It is, usually,
denoted by tdp.
12. Dew point depression: It is the difference between the dry bulb temperature and dew point
temperature of air.

LEC 3. PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS AND ITS USES

Apsychrometric chart presents physical andthermal properties of air in graphic form. It


can bevery helpful in graindrying problems and in determining solutions. To determine air characteris
tics two values of air characteristics should be known.
Following, the intersection of these two knowncharacteristics should be obtained on the psychrometri
c chart. It shows eight air characteristics, namely
(1) saturation temperature,
(2) dew point temperature,
(3) relative humidity,
(4) humidity ratio (moisture content),
(5) wet bulb temperature,
(6) volume of mixture
(7) dry bulb temperature.
The dry bulb temperature, representedby number 8, is located along the bottom horizontalaxis.
The wet bulb temperature, represented bynumber 6, is located along diagonal lines leading toscale rea
dings at the upper, curved boundary markedas 1. The relative humidity, represented by curve 4, isrun
ning from left to right up through the chart. Theintersection of the vertical dry bulb line and thediagon
al wet bulb line will establish a “state point”for the measured air; then the relative humidity canbe det
ermined.It should be noticed that increasing the dry bulbtemperature while keeping the wet bulb temp
eraturelevel would decrease the relative humidity value. Forinstance, if the ambient dry bulb temperat
ure is 75°Fand the wet bulb temperature is 69°F, the RH of theair would be 75% (see Figure 2). At thi
s tempratureand RH, rice could be dried to approximately 15.2%MC (Table D). If, however, 10 degre
es of heat wereadded to increase the drying air to 85°F, the RH ofthe air would decrease to approxmat
ely 54%. Thelow humidity air will dry the rice to 11.4% MC, whichis below the desired MC for safe
storage. To attainthe desired dried MC of 12.5%, the additional heatadded to the air should only raise
the temperature by5 degrees to bring the drying air temperature toabout 80°F with 63% RH.
LEC 4. HUMIDIFICATION OPERATIONS

Humidification-dehumidification is a thermal desalination cycle that operates by heating


saline water using solar thermal energy, evaporating the heated water using a humidifier
and finally condensing the water vapor to form fresh water in the dehumidifier.

LEC 5. GAS-LIQUID CONTENTS - GAS LAWS

LEC 6. APPLICATION IN DETERMINING PSYCHROMETRIC PROPERTIES OF AIR-


WATER-VAPOUR MIXTURE

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy