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Modern European Art

Modern European Art emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to industrialization and social changes. Some of the major artistic movements during this period included Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. These styles were characterized by a focus on emotions over intellect for Romanticism, accurate depictions of reality for Realism, the use of color and brushstrokes to depict impressions for Impressionism, and the fragmentation of forms and experimentation with perspective for Cubism.

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227 views8 pages

Modern European Art

Modern European Art emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to industrialization and social changes. Some of the major artistic movements during this period included Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. These styles were characterized by a focus on emotions over intellect for Romanticism, accurate depictions of reality for Realism, the use of color and brushstrokes to depict impressions for Impressionism, and the fragmentation of forms and experimentation with perspective for Cubism.

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Cassie Cutie
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MODERN

EUROPEAN
ART
GROUP 3
Introduction to Modern European Art

Modern European Art refers to the artistic movements and styles that emerged in Europe during the late
19th and early 20th centuries. This period gave rise to significant social, political, and cultural changes,
including industrialization, urbanization, and the invention of new technologies.

It is characterized by a wide range of styles and movements, such as:

● Romanticism
● Realism
● Impressionism
● Post Impressionism
● Art Nouveau
● Fauvism
● Cubism
● Futurism

Some of the most famous artists associated with Modern European Art include Théodore Géricault (
Romanticism), Gustave Courbet (Realism), Berthe Morisot (Impressionism), Vincent van Gogh (Post
Impressionism), Alphonse Mucha (Art Nouveau), André Derain (Fauvism), Pablo Picasso (Cubism), and
Fortunato Depero (Futurism).

Romanticism

Romanticism, an art movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was heavily
influenced by Neoclassicism. Romanticism prized feelings over intellectual thoughts.

The main themes of Romanticism included a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity, and a
promotion of justice, equality, and social order. Romantic artists also placed a strong emphasis on
human emotions and feelings, which represented a departure from the humanistic ideals of rationalism.
Romantics believed that real truth wasn’t found through the cool serenity of the intellect but through the
tortured and turbulent heart.
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich

REALISM
Realism as a style of work focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors reality.
Realism was heavily influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture since most artworks during that period
emphasis on the human body. Realism as a modern movement in art veered away from traditional forms
of art. In a way, it revolutionized themes and techniques in paintings. Idealistic concepts and images were
replaced by real manifestations of society.

The Gleaners by Jean-Francois Millet


Impressionism

Impressionism kind of art started in France and emerged in the middle to late 1800s. Its reign breaks
European tradition in painting. Impressionists communicate through their artwork and they use scientific
principles to achieve more distinct representation of colors in their art. This art is considered to be
“distinctive – specifically unique” and its distinctive characteristic emphasizes the immediate
impression of a particular event or scene. Brushstrokes, the distinction of colors, highlights, and
shadows are used by impressionists to communicate to their audience.

The Harbor at Lorient (Berthe Morisot - 1869)


The Artist's Garden at Giverny (Claude Monet - 1900)

Post Impressionism

Post-Impressionism is a French art movement that was influenced by and rejected


Impressionism. Impressionists such as Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent Van
Gogh established individual styles that stressed form through the use of fragmented colors and quick
brushstrokes. These works served as the foundation for 20th-century techniques and trends.

The Scream by Edvard Munch


ART NOUVEAU
The Art Nouveau movement was a decorative art style that emerged in the late 19th century and was
prominent until the outbreak of World War I. This art style was characterized by its emphasis on nature,
the use of organic forms, the incorporation of new materials such as iron and glass, and the focus on
decorative art and architecture.

The origins of Art Nouveau can be traced back to the Arts and Crafts movement in Britain and the
Aesthetic movement in France. Art Nouveau developed and spread throughout Europe and the United
States, with significant artists such as Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt, and Louis Comfort Tiffany playing
crucial roles in the movement's development.

One of the distinct features of Art Nouveau is its use of sinuous, curvilinear lines, which gives a sense of
movement to the artwork. The lines are often stylized floral motifs or insect wings, executed with a
graceful elegance that evokes a sense of power. The incorporation of natural forms was inspired by the
prevalent interest in the natural world during that period.

Art Nouveau was not confined to any particular medium and influenced different art forms, including
painting, sculpture, architecture, and interior design. The style's popularity spread and many Art Nouveau
pieces were commissioned to adorn buildings, jewelry, furniture, and household items.

The movement's impact on the world of art and design was profound, and it influenced other art
movements such as Art Deco. The use of curvilinear lines and the incorporation of natural motifs had a
lasting impact on the world of design and architecture, and this style remains influential today.

The Kiss by Gustav Klimt


FAUVISM

Fauvism is an art movement that was established in France in the 20th century. Fauves are called to the
artists in Fauvism which originates from a critic who is Louis Vauxcelles. The fauvists are revolutionary
as they used pure and vibrant colors in their canvas or artwork. The Fauves are like the impressionists
were both painted from nature. Their difference is that the Fauves have paid particular attention to strong
and expressive reactions in portraying their subjects. The three best-known Fauves are Henri Matisse,
Andre Derain, and Maurice de Vlaminck. Fauvists preferred a picture space that is defined by the
movement of color rather than conservative and traditional renderings of three-dimensional space.
Fauvism only lasted a couple of years but it paved the way for other art movements in the 20th century.

Bâteaux dans le Port de Collioure by André Derain, 1905

Cubism
Cubism was a revolutionary art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily associated
with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. The movement emphasized the breaking down of objects into
basic geometric shapes, such as cubes, spheres, and cones, and the representation of multiple
viewpoints simultaneously. This approach was intended to convey a more comprehensive understanding
of the subject matter, rather than simply reproducing it realistically.
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon by Pablo Picasso Houses at l'estaque by Georges Braque

Futurism
Futurism was an Italian art movement from the early 20th century that emphasized machines' speed,
energy, and power as a reflection of the quick pace of contemporary life. The movement significantly
impacted poetry and the visual arts, and its influence was felt outside of Europe, particularly in Russia.
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, an Italian poet, and editor coined "futurism" because he favored innovation,
creativity, and originality over more conventional artistic techniques. The movement's manifesto, which
also showed misogyny and support for the war, was evident in how they created art. Italian futurists
demonstrated a keen understanding of movement and experimentation during Fascist Italy despite
rejecting traditional elements like literature, beauty, and women.

The "Manifesto of Futurism" by Marinetti, released in 1909, served as the movement's foundational text. In
favor of the energy and power of machines, it called for rejecting conventional aesthetics like the beauty
of nature and the human form.

Braque painted Houses at L’Estaque (1908)George Braque painted Houses at L’Estaque


(1908)George Braque painted Houses at L’Estaque (1908

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