REPRESENTING REAL LIFE

SITUATIONS USING FUNCTIONS

INCLUDING PIECE-WISE
FUNCTION
Mrs. MARIJO SALOMON-BALIN
Teacher III, Mathematics

SHS Core Subject GENERAL MATHEMATICS

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 GOAL FOR TODAY!

➢The learner represents real-life

situations using functions, including
piecewise functions. (M11GM-Ia-1)

SHS Core Subject GENERAL MATHEMATICS

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 FUNCTION or NOT ?
• Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Put a
check (/) on the space that corresponds your answer.

Relation Function Not a Function

1. { (1,2), (2,5), (3,10), (4,17)}
2.
Input Output
1 2
2 4
3 6

3. x2 + y2 – 4 = 0

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 FUNCTION or NOT ?
• Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Put a
check (/) on the space that corresponds your answer.

Relation Function Not a Function

4.

5.

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 What is a relation?
What is a function?
How do you determine whether
a given relation is a function or not?

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 What is a relation?

•A relation is any set of ordered pairs.

•The set of all first element of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation,
and the set of all second elements
is called range.

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 What is a function?

•A function is a relation or rule of

correspondence between two elements
(domain and range) such that each element
in the domain corresponds to exactly one
element in the range.

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 How do you determine whether
a given relation is a function or not?
a. By ordered pairs
b. By table of values
c. Mapping diagrams
d. Graphs
e. Equations/set-builder notations

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 Example 1. (By Ordered Pairs)

Given the following ordered pairs, which relations

are functions?

• A = {(1, 3), (4, 1), (2, 0), (7, 2)}

• B = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
• C = {(1, 2), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 3)}
• D = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, d), (a, d)}

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 Example 1. (By Ordered Pairs)

Given the following ordered pairs, which relations

are functions?

• A = {(1, 3), (4, 1), (2, 0), (7, 2)} FUNCTION

• B = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)} FUNCTION
• C = {(1, 2), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 3)} NOT
• D = {(a, b), (b, c), (c, d), (a, d)} NOT

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 Example 2. (By Table of Values)

Given table of values, which relation shows a

function?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
A.
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

B. x -3 1 2 5 7 9
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0 4
x 1 1 1 2 5 6
C.
y -5 -2 -1 0 2 4
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 Example 2. (By Table of Values)

Given table of values, which relation shows a

function?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 FUNCTION
A.
y 2 4 6 8 10 12
FUNCTION
B. x -3 1 2 5 7 9
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0 4
C. x 1 1 1 2 5 6 NOT
y -5 -2 -1 0 2 4

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 Example 3. (By Mapping Diagrams)
Given the mapping diagrams, which do you think
represent functions?

A. C.

B. D.

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 Example 3. (By Mapping Diagrams)
Given the mapping diagrams, which do you think
represent functions?

A. One-to-One C. Many-to-One

FUNCTION FUNCTION

B. One-to-Many
D. Many-to-Many

NOT NOT

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 Example 4. (By Graphs)

Given the graphs of a relation, can you identify

which are functions? Use the vertical line test.

A. B. C D.

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 Vertical Line Test
➢A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line
drawn passing through the graph intersects at exactly
one point.

Part (a) IS NOT function; it does not pass the vertical line test.. Part (b)
is function.

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 Example 4. (By Graphs)
Given the graphs of a relation, can you identify
which are functions? Use the vertical line test.

A. B. C D.
FUNCTION FUNCTION NOT NOT

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 Example 5. (By Equations/Set-Builder Notations)

Which of the ff. equations/set-builder notations are

functions?

1. 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑦 - 4=0
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦- 5 = 0

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Example 5. (By Equations/Set-Builder Notations)

Which of the ff. equations/set-builder notations are functions?

1. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 - 4 = 0

𝑥 2 + 𝑦2- 4 = 0 Write the original equation.

𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4 Add 4 to both sides.
𝑦2 = 4 − 𝑥2 Subtract x2 from both sides.
𝑦 = ± (4 − 𝑥 2 )Apply the square root method.

The symbol ± in the last equation shows that for all values
of x between -2 and 2, there are two values of y. For
example, if x= 1, then 𝑦 = ± (4 − 12 ) = ± 3. Hence, the
equation does not define y as function of x.

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Example 5. (By Equations/Set-Builder Notations)

Which of the ff. equations/set-builder notations are functions?

2. 𝒙 + 𝒚- 5 = 0

𝑥 + 𝑦- 5 = 0 Write the original equation.

𝑥+𝑦 = 5 Add 4 to both sides.
𝑦 =5−𝑥 Subtract x from both sides.
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5 Arrange the terms.

Substitute values. For example, if x= 1, then 𝑦 = − 1 + 5 = 4.

Hence, the equation does define y as function of x since we
have only one value for y if x = 1.

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 Example 5. (By Equations/Set-Builder Notations)

Which of the ff. equations/set-builder notations are

functions?
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 - 4 = 0 NOT
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦- 5 = 0 FUNCTION
Tips :
Just look at the exponent of the dependent variable y. If it is even number, it is NOT
function. But if it is odd, it is a function.
While for independent variable x whatever exponent we have for it except rational
exponents (which includes fractions and decimals) and negative exponents, the given
equation will be a function.
Except rational exponent (which includes fractions and decimals) and negative
exponents is also true for y.

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 USING RULE OR CORRESPONDENCE/
SET-BUILDER NOTATION
Example:
Example: 2. 𝒇 𝒙 = { 𝒙𝟑 +𝒙 − 𝟐 /
1. 𝒇 𝒙 = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 / 𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒} 𝒙𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔} read as
read as f(x) equals x squared plus 1 f(x) equals x cube plus x minus 2 such that
such that x equals 1,2,3, and 4. x is the set of odd numbers.

It is Function because if we Set of odd numbers mean 1,3,5,7,9, and

substituted the given values of x to so on. It is still function because if we
the notation, the ordered pairs will be substituted the given values of x to the
(1,2), (2,5), (3,10), and (4,17). No two notation, the ordered pairs will be (1,0),
ordered pairs have the same first (3,28), (5,128), and (7,148) and so on and
coordinates. so forth. No two ordered pairs are the
same even of we continue substituting.

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 GET TO KNOW US!
Different types of functions
1. Linear Function 2. Quadratic Function
A function f is a linear function if is any equation of the form
y= f(x)=mx+b, where m and b are real y=f(x)=ax2+bx+c
numbers, and m and f(x) are not both where a,b, and c are real numbers
equal to zero. and a≠0.
Example: f(x)=x+3 Example: y = 2x2 - 12x + 7

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3. Constant Function 4. Identity Function
A linear function f is a constant A linear function f is an identity
function if f(x)=mx+b, where m=0 and function if f(x)=mx+b, where m=1
b is any real number. Thus, f(x)=b. and b=0. Thus, f(x)=x.

Example: y = 12 Example: y=x

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5. Polynomial Function 6. Absolute Value Function
A polynomial of degree n is a function The function f is an absolute value
of the form function if for real numbers x,
f(x) = anxn+ an−1xn−1 + . . . + a2x2 + a1x + a0 f(x)= │x│ { 𝒙, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
where the a’s are real numbers −𝒙, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 ≤ 𝟎
(sometimes called the coefficients of
the polynomial). Example: y= │x│

Example: 𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2

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7. Greatest Integer Function 8. Trigonometric Function
is denoted by y = [x]. Trigonometric functions are functions of an
For all real numbers, x, the greatest integer angle. They are used to relate the angles of a
function returns the largest integer triangle to the lengths of the sides of a triangle.
less than or equal to x. In essence, it rounds If we have a right triangle with one angle θ
down a real number to the nearest integer.

For example:
[1] = 1 [1.5] = 1 [3.7] = 3 [4.3] = 4
[-2] = - [-1.6] = -2 [-2.1] = -3 [-5.5] = -6

Example: y=sinx

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9. One-to-One Function 10. Piecewise Function
Is a function in which for each value of y in the range of A piecewise function or a compound
f, there is just one value x in the domain of f such that
y=f(x). function is a function defined by
In other words, f is one-to-one if f(x1)=f(x2) implies multiple subfunctions, where each
x1=x2.
subfunction applies to a certain
Example: interval of the main function’s
• f(x) = 3x-5 is a one-to-one function domain.
because if x1 and x2 are real numbers such that
f(x1)=f(x2), then
Example:
3x1-5 = 3x2-5
3x1=3x2
x1 =x2

Therefore, f is one-to-one.

1
• The functions x,x5,x7, 𝑥, etc. are one-to-one since
1 1
x1≠x2, x15≠x25, x17≠x27, ≠𝑥 .
𝑥1 2

• Graphically, a function can be easily identified as one-

to-one using the horizontal line test. A function is
one-to-one if no horizontal line intersects its graph
more than once. 27
11. Exponential Function 12. Logarithmic Function
If b is any number such The logarithmic function is defined as the
that b>0 and b≠1 then an exponential inverse of the exponential function.
function is a function in the form, y=f(x) = bx
For b > 0 and b≠1,
where b is called the base and x can be any real
number.
y = log bx is equivalent to x=b.
y

Example :
Example:

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 It’s Your Turn!

Who introduced the word FUNCTION?

To find the answer to the question above, determine what

kind of function is being illustrated by the given
equations/graphs. Write the letter on the blank above the
numbers corresponding to the type/kind of function.

5 9 11 11 4 10 6 3 2 7 3 6 1 8 6 12

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 Equations Kinds/Types of Function
1.y=log3x O.Identity
2.f(x)= 2x2+3x+1 B. Logarithmic
3.g(x)=5x-4 R. Piecewise
4.f(x)=3x5+2x3+9x2+6x-8 D. Quadratic
5. y=8 E.Linear
6. y=tanx F.Polynomial
7.f(x)=4x G. Constant
8. h(x)= -2x+1 if x1=x2 I.Trigonometric
9. f(x)=x T. Absolute Value
10. 𝑓 𝑥 = {−𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 2 L.Exponential
𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
11.G(x)=│x+1│ Z.Greatest Integer
12. f(x) = [x] N. One-to-One

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 Activity 1. Think and Analyze
Directions: Answer the following item as instructed. Write your answer on
a separate sheet. Justify your answer.
1. For which value of k is the set of ordered pairs (2,3), (k,6), (4,0) a
function?
2. Which of the following diagrams represent a relation that is NOT a
function?

SHS Core Subject GENERAL MATHEMATICS

 3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of a
function?

SHS Core Subject GENERAL MATHEMATICS

 Activity 2. Function or Mere Relation
Directions: Write F if the given situation is a function and
R if it is a mere relation.
_____1. Name of the student with LRN
_____2. A city’s yearly unemployment rate is a function
of the year.
_____3. The number of miles traveled is a function of the
average rate of travel.
_____4. A person’s income is a function of the height.
_____5. The rule which assigns each person a surname.
(Surname, Given Name)

SHS Core Subject GENERAL MATHEMATICS