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Alkanes Y11

The names of the alkanes are: (1) 2,3-dimethylbutane, (2) 2-ethyl-5-methylpentane, (3) 3,3-dimethylhexane. These alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chains. The names indicate the length of the longest carbon chain, which branches are attached to, and whether the branches are methyl, ethyl, or other alkyl groups.

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30 views15 pages

Alkanes Y11

The names of the alkanes are: (1) 2,3-dimethylbutane, (2) 2-ethyl-5-methylpentane, (3) 3,3-dimethylhexane. These alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chains. The names indicate the length of the longest carbon chain, which branches are attached to, and whether the branches are methyl, ethyl, or other alkyl groups.

Uploaded by

Iftitahur Rohmah -
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYDROCARBON

YEAR 11/TERM 1
What is Hydrocarbon ??
A hydrocarbon is
an organic
chemical
compound
composed
exclusively of
hydrogen and
carbon atoms

Coal is one of the main source of hydrocarbon


Gasoline (bensin) contain
hydrocarbon (isooctane and octane)
THE SPECIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
CARBON ATOM

Single bond
Forming 4
strong bond

double bond

Triple bond
Example of a hydrocarbon

It is called chain (rantai)

It is called structural formula (rumus struktur)


C4H10 It is called molecular formula (rumus molekul)
Because of the characteristic of carbon, it is
divided into 4 types, based on its position in
a chain
a carbon atom that make
bond with four other atom
carbon

a carbon atom that make


bond with only one another
atom carbon

a carbon atom that make a carbon atom that make


bond with three other atom bond with two other atom
carbon carbon
Example
Determine the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary of
carbon atom from the compound below.
Answer:
- Primary carbon : 1 and 6
- Secondary carbon : 3 and 5
- Tertiary carbon : 4
- Quartenary carbon: 2
Assignment 1
Determine the primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary of
carbon atom from the compound below.
4

9 8 7 6 5 2 1
3
11
10
12
CLASSIFYING OF HYDROCARBON
Assignment 2
Determine the type of hydrocarbon (alkane, alkene, or alkyne) from
the compounds below. (note : look at the bonding in the chain)
(1) (2) (3) (4)

(5)
Alkanes
- General formula
- There is only single bond
The name of alkanes ending –ane
Example :
- Butane
- Octane
- Ethane
Names of Alkanes
n

Look at
the
prefix
NOMENCLATURE OF ALKANES
1. Determine the longest chain and use as the main chain the rest
of the chain become branch. (name of brach is alkyl group)
2. Give number in carbon atom :
• the smallest number closest to the branch
Rules • the branch don’t need to be numbered
3. give the name with this structure:
number of branch – name of branch – name of main chain
4. if the branch more than one, the name of branch is mentioned
once but start with Greek number that shows the number of
branch.
Determine the longest chain
(contain 6 carbon) main chain

the rest of the chain become


branch (3 branches)
Give number of carbon atom in main chain: the smallest number at
the closest to the branch

Name : 2,2,4-trimetylhexane Name of main chain


(because there are 6
carbons become hexane
Number of Name of brach is
branch alkyl group:
branch position
ASSIGNMENT 3
Give the name of alkanes below correctly!

(1) (2) (3)

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