LEA 1N

topic 1

Introduction to Police Organization and Administration

In all modern societies, the enforcement of the law is vital-without some type of law enforcement, a
society would eventually cease to exist. The function called law enforcement is a society’s formal
attempt to obtain compliance with the established rules, regulations, and laws of that society. Without
law enforcement, society as we know it would probably succumb to social disorder and chaos (Jones and
Barletlett Learning, 2020).

Police

 The agency of a community or government that is responsible for enforcing the law, maintaining
public order, and preventing and detecting crimes (Banton, Brodeur, Kelling, Whetstone, & Walsh,
2019).

 The act of maintaining discipline or ensuring that the rules must be observed (Encarta

Word English Dictionary, 1999).

Organization

 A group of people who work together in an organized way for a shared purpose

(Cambridge Dictionary, 2020).

Administration

 The determination of objectives and major policies of an organization.

Police Administration

 An organizational process concerned with the implementation of the objectives and plans, and
internal operating efficiency of the police organization (Timpac, 2013).

 Otherwise known as police in action, the cooperative human effort to achieve the purposes of the
Criminal Justice System.

Police Organization

 A structured group of highly trained personnel dealt with achieving the following goals and objectives
(Padduyao, 2016)

Goal
 a desired result you want to achieve and is typically broad and long-term (Forsey, 2019).

Objective

 defines the specific, measurable actions (Forsey 2019)

Goals of Police Organization

 To protect lives and properties.

 To ensure public safety

 To maintain peace and order

Objectives of Police Organization

 To attain effectiveness in the enforcement of law and efficiency of law enforcers.

 To attain a low crime volume and crime rate.

 To attain a maximum degree of solution and criminal conviction of law violators.

 To attain maximum degree in the protection of lives and properties.

POLICE TERMINOLOGIES OR JARGONS

Organize

 To form a police unit for the purpose of accomplishing a common objective.

 To arrange systematically a group of police unit/s.

Organizing

 The act of systematically arranging police units in hierarchical order to perform specific functions thus
achieve desired objectives.

Manage

 To direct or conduct the affairs or interests of various police units.

 To control the direction, operation, and business of a police unit or the police organization as a whole.

Police Management

 The art or manner of administering, controlling, or handling all the various aspects of the police
organization.

 The skillful use of means to accomplish the task, purpose or objective of a police unit or organization.
Police Politics

 The study of public administration or affairs of the government in relation to police matters.

 Maneuvering for power within the police organization.

Police Power

 The power of the government to impose what is considered reasonable restriction on the liberties of
its citizens for the maintenance of public order and safety.

 Legally speaking, it is the power of the government to enact laws or regulations relative to persons and
property that may promote public health, public morals, public safety and the general welfare and
convenience of the people.

Police Accountability

 The inherent responsibility of the police organization to be answerable for the misconducts committed
by its members.

 It is the legal responsibility of the police officers to face any consequence that may arise while
exercising their powers, duties, and functions.

Sworn Officer

 Personnel of the police department who took his oath of office and thus possesses the power to
arrest.

Superior Officer

 An officer having supervisory responsibilities (either temporary or permanent) over an officer of lower
rank.

Subordinate

 An officer belonging to the lower or inferior rank.

Commanding Officer

 An officer who is in command of a police department, bureau, division, district, or area/station.

Ranking Officer

 An officer having the more senior/higher rank in a team or group of police officers.

Commissioned Officer (PCO)

 A police officer with a rank of police inspector and higher.

Non-Commissioned Officer (PCNO)

 A police officer with a rank of Senior Police Officer IV and lower.

Length of Service

 The period of time that has elapsed since the oath of office was administered to an officer; previous
active services maybe included or added.

On-duty/Active Duty

 The period when an officer is actively engaged in the performance of his duty.

Special Duty

 It is the form of duty requiring an officer to be excused from the performance of his active regular
duty.

Off-duty

 The nature of which the police officer is free from specific routine duty.

Leave of Absence

 A specified period during which an officer is excused from active duty or direct participation in police
work.

Sick Leave

 A period wherein an officer is excused from active duty by reason of illness or injury.

Suspension

 A consequence of an act that temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of performing his
duties as a result of violating a directive or other departmental regulation.

Departmental Policies/Rules

 Rules established by the police department directors/administrators to control the conduct of the
members of the police force.

Duty Manual

 A book of instruction that describes the procedures and defines the duties of officers designed to a
specified post or position.

Order

 An instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate either general, special, and personal.
Report

 It is usually a written communication unless otherwise specified to be verbal report. Verbal reports
should be confirmed by written communication.

Topic 2:

Historical Development of Policing System in the Worldwide Setting

Historical Development of Policing in the Worldwide and Philippine Setting

The term ‘POLICE’ was derived from the following:

 “POLITEIA” (Greek word) which means Greek word and used to describe the group of civil officers
governing the city and not necessarily the armed men guarding or policing the city.

 “POLITIA” (Romans) which means civil administration.

 “POLICE” (French) used it to those authorized people who enforce the law.

 “PULIS” - Filipinos further translated the term police in a way for it to be compatible in the manner
they pronounce and spell words (Timpac, 2013).

EVOLUTION OF POLICING IN THE INTERNATIONAL SETTI

,A. Anglo Saxon (Ancient England) Period – 600-1066 A.D.

POLICING SYSTEM FORERUNNER/PERSONALITIES CONTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION

Thanes Policing System Tun Policing System A type of internal police force where
landowners throughout the kingdom were
responsible to police their own
territory.Landowners were empowered to:-
arrest offenders and deliver them to the
King.- settle civil litigations.

Frankpledge Policing ‘TYTHINGMEN’ This policing system was carried out under a
System - Every male over twelve (12) years old system of mutual pledge.
joined nine (9) of his neighbors to form
TYTHINGMEN.  Policing responsibility lies on the hands of
They performed police works and the citizens.
anyone who failed to join and perform
this duty was severely fined

This policing system required all male

residents to guard the town to preserve
Tun Policing System peace and order, protect the life and
property of the people and suppress other
factors affecting peace and order.

Tun is the forerunner of word "town"

Hue and Cry policing Complainant or victim will go to the middle

of the community and shout to call all male
residents to assemble. Once heard, male
residents will automatically assemble to go
after the criminal and apprehend him.

Royal Judge System Royal Judge It started the identification of criminals.

- conducts criminal investigation and

gives appropriate punishment for the
crime committed.

B. Normal Period – 1066-1285

Policing System Forerunners /Personalities Contribution and Description

Shire-Reeve System King William Norman kingdom into 55 military districts known
as Shire-reeves. Shire – used to refer to a
district.

Reeve – used to refer to the ruler of the

district who made laws, rendered
judgment, and imposed penalties

Court of the Tourn From the Court, 12 It settles a range of cases, more often
TYTHINGMEN’ were selected to hear serious dealing with petty offenses and civil
cases. matters.

Court Leet ‘Master of the House’- The head of the court The Normans established the Court Leet
which looked after matters of purely local
which was appointed by the King.‘Comes interest and petty village nuisances.
Stable’
- also appointed by the King to be responsible
in keeping peace and order in a specific area.

- under the responsibility of local officials who

could petition to remove him if he did not
perform his job properly.
 - Comes Stable became Constable which is
used to day to refer to members of the police
force.

Legis Henrie King Henry I  Imposed the following features:

 Law violations were classified as

offenses against the King.

 Policemen were considered as public

officials.

 The police and the citizens were given

the power to conduct arrest.

 Grand Jury was created to inquire on

the facts of the law.

Keepers of the King Richard of England (1195)  It requires the appointment of knights
Peace to keep the King’s peace.

 The knights were posted on bridges

and gates to check the people entering
and leaving the town or cities.

Magna Carta (Great King John of England on June 15, 1215  became a law upon the
Charter)

demand of the Knights of

the Round Table.

 It declared the following:

 No freemen shall be taken or

imprisoned, disposed, outlawed, or
bowed except by legal judgment of his
peers.

 No person should be tried for murder

unless there is proof of the body of the
victim.

 There should be national and local

government as well as the national and
local legislation.
C. Westminster Period (1285-1500)

POLICING FORERUNNER/PERSONALITIES CONTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION

SYSTEM/STATUTE

Statute of Winchester  It was enacted for law and order

(1285)

Watch and Ward

system.

Statute of 1295  It began the closing of the gates of London during

sunset.

 This started the observation of the curfew hours.

Justice of the Peace  This was a position given to a respected citizen, who
has the power to arrest, pursue and imprison
offenders

Star Chamber Court  a special court that tried offenders against the
state.

 Later on, it became both a court of law to

determine civil rights and a court of revenue to enrich
treasury.

Keeper of the Peace King Richard of England (1195)  It requires the appointment of knights to keep the
King’s peace.

 The knights were posted on bridges and gates to

check the people entering and leaving the town or
cities.

D. Modern Period

POLICING FORERUNNER/PERSONALITIES CONTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION

SYSTEM/STATUTE

Night Watchmen or King Charles II in 1663  They were employed to be on duty from sunset
Bellmen to sunrise

Bow Street Runners Henry Fielding (1748)  Thief Catchers

- Chief Magistrate of Bow  Later on, he formed the Bow Street Horse Patrol
Street in London -whose duty was to patrol the main roads thus
 secure the travelers from highway bandits.

London Metropolitan Sir Robert Peel (1829) - the world’s first modern organized police force.
Police
- Father of Modern Policing - later called Scotland Yard

E. French Police System

FORERUNNER/PERSONALITIES CONTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION

King Louis XIV (17th Century)  He maintained a small central police organization
consisting of some 40 inspectors who, with the help of
numerous paid informants, supplied the government
with details about the conduct of private individuals.

Officers de Paix (1791)  It was the origin of the term peace officer

Sergent de Ville (Servant of the City)  These were called the first uniformed police officers.

Other contributions:  Conceiving street signs

 Assigning house numbers

 Installing street lighting

 Creating emergency and rescue services

 Use of police ambulances

 Use of warrant card and ID signifying authority to

arrest.

F. American Police System

1. Rattlewatch

 It was organized in New York, Philadephia, and Boston which was similar to the

night watchmen in London created during the reign of King Charles II.

 They carried rattles while on duty to inform the public of their watchful presence.

2. Municipal Police Force

a. Night watch (1638) – Boston, Massachusetts

b. Rattlewatch (1658) – New York

c. Night watch (1700) – Philadelphia

d. Introduction of police regulation that “No watchman has the liberty to sleep” (1722) – New Haven,
Connecticut

e. It became a government policy that able-bodied males over 16 years old wre

required to serve without pay (1800).

f. Daytime police with pay (1833)

g. Full police New York City

3. State Police Force

a. Texas Rangers (1835)

b. State Constables (1865) – Massachusetts

c. Pennsylvania State Police (1905)

4. Federal Police Force

a. Post Office Inspection System (1829)

b. Investigation on crimes against the government (1861)

c. Detective forces (1868) were formed to investigate problems on revenue services, immigration and
smuggling.
d. In 1934, Federal government attention focused on lotteries, drug regulations, and transportation
guidelines.

e. Enactment of the Anti-White Slavery Act and Motor Vehicle Act (1910)

f. In 1934, National Kidnapping Act, Banking Act, and Racketeering Act were

passed by the United States Congress.

Topic 3:
Historical Development of Policing System in the Philippine Setting

EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING

A. Pre-Spanish Period
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftain to select-abled
bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night.
B. Spanish Period
1. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico (Mounted Police) - 1712
2. Guardrilleros (January 8, 1836)
3. Guardia Civil (February 12, 1852)
C. Japanese Occupation
1. Kempetai
2. Metropolitan Constabulary

A. American Occupation until the World War II broke out

1. Insular Police Force (November 30, 1890)

2. Insular Constabulary (July 18, 1901)

3. Manila Police Department (MPD) – July 31, 1901Important Personalities

 Capt. George Curry – a U.S. Army officer appointed by the TAFT Commission on August 7, 1901 as the
first Chief of Police.
 Capt. Columbus Piatt – last American COP of MPD before World War II broke out.
 Col. Antonio C. Torres – first Filipino COP when MPD became an all Filipino police organization;
declared Manila as an open city when World War II broke out in
1941; during the World War II, MPD was placed again under the American control.
 Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – a U.S. Provost Marshall who was named as MPD COP just after the Manila
Liberation.
 Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – the first Filipino COP of MPD appointed by Pres. Roxas under the Republic
Government.
4. Philippine Constabulary (1901)
Important Personalities
 Capt. Henry T. Allen – first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary from 1901-1907
such that he was called as the Father of Constabulary in the Philippines.
 Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame – first Filipino Chief of Police. He served as the PC Chief from 1917-1927.

RELEVANT LAWS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICE SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Act No. 3815- The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (January 1, 1932).
2. Philippine Constitution (1935) - (Section 9, Art. XIV).
3. Act No. 181- created the Bureau of Investigation (November 1938).
4. Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947)- It provides for the creation of the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI).
5. Republic Act No. 2678 -It was enacted in 1960 which provides for the expansion and reorganization of
the NBI
6. Rules of Court (January 1, 1964) - to promote the broad objective of the criminal justice system and to
assist the parties in obtaining just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every legal action and
proceeding.
7. Republic Act No. 4864 (September 18, 1966) - Police Act of 1966.
8. Republic Act No. 6040 (1969) - “Civil Service Act of 1969
9. Act No. 3815- The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (January 1, 1932).
10. Philippine Constitution (1935) - (Section 9, Art. XIV).
11. Act No. 181- created the Bureau of Investigation (November 1938).
12. Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947)- It provides for the creation of the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI).
13. Republic Act No. 2678 -It was enacted in 1960 which provides for the expansion and reorganization
of the NBI
14. Rules of Court (January 1, 1964) - to promote the broad objective of the criminal justice
system and to assist the parties in obtaining just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of
every legal action and proceeding.
15. Republic Act No. 4864 (September 18, 1966) - Police Act of 1966.
16. Republic Act No. 6040 (1969) - “Civil Service Act of 1969.
17. Republic Act No. 6506 (July 1, 1972) - “An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for
Criminologists in the Philippines and for other purposes”.
18. Philippine Constitution (1973)- (Section 12, Article XV).
19. Presidential Decree No. 421 (1974)
20. Presidential Decree No. 765 (August 8, 1975)
21. Presidential Decree No. 1184 (August 26, 1977) -The Integrated National Police Personnel
Professionalization Act of 1977”.
22. Philippine Constitution (1987)
23. Republic Act No. 6975 (December 13, 1990) -DILG Act of 1990
24. Republic Act No. 8551 (February 25, 1998) -PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998

Topic 4:
Police in the Modern World

POLICE IN THE MODERN WORLD

The police form part of a nation’s criminal justice system (CJS), which also includes the courts and
correctional institutions. In this sense, the police are called law enforcers. In the CJS, they compose the
law enforcement pillar.

A. Set-up of Police Force in the United States

1. City Police - are mainly responsible for enforcing the law in their own city.
 New York Police Department has the largest city police department with 29,000 police officers in the
United States.
- ther are 4000 separate police in US
modern days -Cops - US police, in 1800 they called it Constables
COP -CONSTABLE ON PATROLS
2. County Police - powers extend throughout the county.
so called Regional Police
 Sheriff serves as the chief law enforcement officer in most counties elected by the people.
3. State Police - sometimes called state troopers or highway patrol officers because they were originally
organized along military lines and often rode horses.
 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - the chief investigating branch of the United Stated Department
of Justice.
Delito Continuado - continues crime
 National Crime Information Center (NCIC)(Database) - a computerized information system that stores
records n wanted persons and stolen property; operated by the FBI based in Washington, D.C.
The counter parts of FBI in the Philippines is the NBI
the counter Parts of NCIC IN Philippines is called AFIS -Authomated Fingerprint Identification System
4. Private Police Agencies - or called Federal Government's -are licensed by federal state government to
perform limited types of police work such as detective services to individuals and businesses.
- this is an Industrial security
Pinkerton Private Detective Agency by Allan Pinkerton -Earliest PPA that are license by federal state
government
Police Detective -Kate warne -1st woman having the role of being an Private Detective
Malversation -stolen property in Police Organization
 Pinkerton Private Detective Agency (Allan Pinkerton) - the earliest private detective agency that was
licensed by the federal state government.

B. National Police Agencies Around the World

1. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) – Canada) they are called Mounties
- they enforce Federal laws throughout canada.
2. London Metropolitan Police (Great Britain)- its a British police system that is organize by 50 large
police forces that operate under the national police government
-they serve as the greater london except in the area of city london
New Scotland Yard - Headquarters of London Metropolitan Police
- it is a criminal investigation department of metropolitan police
3. Australia Federal Police (Australia)-
Commonwealth Police Force-. former name of Police force of Australia
4. Surete Nationale (France)
Gendarmes - military police officers in france that provides service in rular areas
5. Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)- they are encharge in providing police services and treat ecurity in
borders of national government.
6. People’s Police (China) - they a re under the public Agency and its an Agency of national government

INTERNATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION (INTERPOL)

- Members exchange information about international crimes and cooperate in fighting transnational
crimes such as counterfeiting, smuggling, and illegal buying and selling of weapons
-it doesn't have the Power to Arrest but only gather informatios.
- located in the Lion France
Corand Scarborough, K.E. (2010). Police administration. (7th ed.) New Providence, N.J.:
LexisNexis
 Dempsey, J.S. and Forst, L.S. (2012). An introduction to policing. (6th ed., Int’l ed.). Clifton
Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning

 Soriano, O.G. (2011). Police organization and administration: with police planning and R.A.
6975 and R.A. 8551. Quezon City: Great Books Publishing

 Timpac, T.M. (2012). A handbook on police organization and administration with police
planning. Tarlac City: RMC Publishing Haus.

 Tradio, C.M. (2002). Philippine national police reform and reorganization act of 1998
annotated. (3rd ed.). Quezon City: Phoenix Express

Topic 5:

Theories, Philosophies and Concepts of Police Service

THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF POLICE SERVICE

Theories of Police Service

1. Home Rule Theory

 Police are considered servants of the community.

 This is applied in countries that have decentralized government structure.

2. Continental Theory

 Policemen are considered servants of a higher authority.

 This theory is applied in countries that have centralized government.

Fundamental Concepts of Police Service

1. Old Concept

 Police is looked upon as a repressive machinery of the government.

 The yardstick of police efficiency is more arrest.

2. Modern Concept

 Police is an instrument for crime prevention.

 The yardstick of police efficiency is the absence of crime.

Basic Police Mission

The basic police mission is preserving order by enforcing rules of conduct or laws. This was the same in
ancient societies as it is today in sophisticated urban communities.

POLICE ORGANIZATION UNITS

PNP was established by R.A. 6975 under the DILG its original name is DILG act of 1990 by pre. Quorazon
Aquino particularly in December 13

Fidel Ramos Approved a Police Act called R.A. 8551 which known as PNP reform and reorganize act of
1998

Police foce under this Laws is - National in scope and civilian in character

A. Functional Units

 These are parts/components of the police organization that are well-designed to work or perform
definite tasks. These are as follows:

1. Bureau - the largest organic unit within a large department, each bureau is composed of a number of
divisions

2. Division - the primary subdivision of a bureau.

3. Section - a smaller functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization purposes.

4. Unit - the smallest group within a section when further specialization is needed.

B. Geographical Units

1. Post

 A fixed point or location where a police officer is assigned for duty.

 This may include designated desk, an intersection or crosswalk, or a point of ingress or egress.

 A permanent spot for general guard duty.

2. Route/Line Beat

 A length of street/s designated for patrol purposes.

3. Beat

 jAn area assigned for patrol purposes, whether by foot or motorized.

4. Sector

 An are containing two or more bats, routes or posts.

5. District

 A geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.

6. Area

 A section or territorial division of a large city or metropolis, each composed of designated districts.

POLICE FUNCTIONS

 Duties and responsibilities explicitly carried out by police agencies to meet the

demands concerning public order and public safety.

Types of Police Functions

1. Line Functions - these are designed to meet the basic police mission like patrol, traffic enforcement,
or criminal investigation.

2. Staff Functions - those that exist to support line functions, either directly or indirectly like planning
and research unit.

a. Auxiliary Support Services

 Those charged with the responsibility of giving immediate assistance to the operations of line
elements like communications and crime laboratory services.

b. Administrative Services

 Those that provide services that are of less immediate assistance and are supportive of the entire
police department like personnel and training.

Functions of the Police

1. Maintain peace and order

2. Enforce the laws in their respective assigned jurisdictions.

3. Prevent crimes.

4. Make arrests, searches, and seizure in accordance with law.

5. Investigate crimes.

6. Prosecute offenders.

7. Ensure public safety.

8. Protect life and property.

Topic 6:

Principles of Police Organization

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. Principle of Unity Objectives - Every police officer should play a part in the attainment of the
objectives of the police organization.

2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency - This principle requires that, in order that the PNP organization
is effective, it must be structured in a certain manner to accomplish the objectives with a minimum cost.

3. Scalar Principle - This principle requires a vertical hierarchy of an organization which defines the
unbroken chain of units and command from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.

a. Unity of Command

 It states that a group of police officers should only be under the control of one superior or ranking
police officer.

b. Span of Control

 It states that a senior police officer should be provided with men not more than what he can
effectively direct.

c. Delegation of Authority

 A superior officer must designate some of his immediate subordinates to exercise a part of his
administrative power. However, the power passed on by the superior officer carries an appropriate
responsibility.
4. Functional Principle - This principle is otherwise known as division of work according to type, place,
time, and specialization.

5. Line and Staff Principle - It implies a system of varied functions arranged into a workable pattern.

6. Principle of Balance - Application of the principles of organization must be balanced to ensure the
effectiveness of the patrol force in accomplishing its objectives.

7. Principle of Absoluteness of Responsibility - It states that the responsibility for performance of the
deputy chief to the chief of police is absolute (unconditional) and vice versa, and that the chief of police
cannot escape his accountability on the activities performed by his subordinates.

8. Principle of Flexibility - It states that there is higher tendency that the PNP can fulfill its purpose if the
organization receives more provisions for flexibility (adaptability).

9. Principle of Authority Level (Hierarchy of Authority) - Decisions within the authority of the police
station commanders should be made by them and should not be referred to their superiors, such as the
police district commander (or PNP provincial director).

10. Principle of Parity and Responsibility - The responsibility of the head of the Investigation Section for
the actions of his detectives cannot be greater than that implied by the authority he has delegated, nor
should it be less.

Topic 7:

Types of Organizational Structure

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

1. Line Organization

 It is sometimes called the individual, military, or departmental type of organization.

 It is the simplest perhaps the oldest type.

2. Functional Organization

 It violates the prime rule that men perform best when they have but one supervisor.

 It divides responsibility and authority between several specialists such as the person responsible for all
training.

3. Line and Staff Organization

 It is a combination of the line and functional types.

 It combines staff specialist or units with line organization so that service of knowledge can be provided
line personnel by specialist.
Topic 8:

Introduction of the different public safety agencies.

INTRODUCTION TO THE DIFFERENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PUBLIC SAFETY AGENCIES

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally divided
among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The Executive branch carries out laws
through the different departments. These departments form a large portion of the country’s
bureaucracy responsible in enforcing laws. (Philippine Information Agency, 2020)

A. Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) – the executive department responsible for
promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety, and strengthening the capability of local government
units to effectively deliver basic services to the citizenry. (DILG.GOV.PH, 2013)

a. Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

b. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

c. Local Government Bureaus

d. National Police Commission

 Philippine National Police

 Philippine Public Safety College

B. Department of Justice (DOJ) – acts as the principal law agency and legal counsel of the government. It
serves as the government’s prosecution arm and administers the government’s criminal justice system
by investigating crimes, prosecuting offenders, and overseeing the correctional system. (DOJ.GOV.PH,
2018)

a. Bureau of Corrections

b. National Bureau of Investigation

c. Parole and Probation Administration

d. Presidential Commission on Good Government

e. Public Attorney’s Office

f. Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution

g. Office of the Government Corporate Counsel

h. Office of Solicitor General

i. Land Registration Authority

C. Department of National Defense (DND) – mandated to safeguard the country against external and
internal threats to national peace and security, promote the welfare of soldiers and veterans, and
provide support for economic and social development.

(Official Gazette, 2020)

a. Armed Forces of the Philippines

b. Government Arsenal

c. National Defense College of the Philippines

d. Office of Civil Defense

e. Philippine Veterans Office

D. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) – the primary government agency mandated
to develop, implement, and coordinate social protection and poverty-reduction solutions for and with
the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged.

(Official Gazette, 2020)

a. Council for the Welfare of Children

b. Inter-Country Adoption Board

c. National Youth Commission

d. National Council on Disability Affairs

e. Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council

E. Department of Transportation (DOTr) – the primary policy, planning, programming,coordinating,

implementing and administrative entity of the executive branch of the government on the promotion,
development and regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation systems, as
well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable transportation services. (DOTR.GOV.PH, 2020)

a. Land Transportation Office

b. Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board

c. Philippine Coast Guard

d. Civil Aviation of the Philippines

e. Manila International Airport

f. Clark International Airport Corporation

g. Civil Aeronautics Board

h. Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority

i. Philippine Aerospace Development Corporation

j. Office of Transportation Cooperatives

k. Philippine National Railways

l. Light Rail Transit Authority

m. North Luzon railways

n. Philippine Ports Authority

o. Maritime Industry Authority

p. Cebu Ports Authority

q. Philippine Merchant Marine Academy

F. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – is responsible for the formulation and
implementation of policies, guidelines, and rules related to environmental management, as well as the
management and conservation of the country’s natural resources. The DENR also implements rules and
regulations governing the exploration, development, extraction, disposition, and use of forests,
minerals, wildlife, and other natural resources. (Official Gazette, 2020)
a. Environmental Management Bureau

b. Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau

c. National Mapping and Resources Information Authority

d. National Water Resources Board

e. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

f. Laguna Lake Development Authority

g. Natural Resources Development Corp.

h. Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission

i. Philippine Reclamation Authority

j. Philippine Forest Corporation

k. Philippine Mining Development Corporation

G. Department of Finance (DOF) – a government institution that formulates fiscal policy.

Carrying out its basic function of revenue generation to ensure adequate financing for

the needs of the country has led to an expansion of the DOF’s role over time.

(DOF.GOV.PH, 2020)

a. Bureau of Internal Revenue

b. Bureau of Customs

c. Bureau of Treasury

d. Bureau of Local Government Finance

e. Insurance Commission

f. National Tax Research Center

g. Central Board Assessment Appeal

h. Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation

i. Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency

j. Privatization and Management Office

k. Security and Exchange Commission

H. Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) – is the prime agency responsible for the pursuit of the State’s
foreign policy. The DFA advises and assists the President in planning, coordinating, and evaluating the
total national effort in the field of foreign relations.

(Official Gazette, 2020)

a. Bureau of Immigration

a. Foreign Service Institute

b. Technical Cooperation Council of the Philippines

c. UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines Secretariat

I. Department of Health (DOH) – is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is responsible for
ensuring access to basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care
and regulation of providers of health goods and services.

(LAWPHIL.NET, 2020)

a. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation

b. Philippine National Aids Council

c. Philippine Institute of Traditional Health Care

d. Population Commission

e. Dangerous Drugs Board

f. National Nutrition Council

J. Other agencies under the Office of the President

POLICE RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS

RECRUITMENT

The process of attracting applicants who have the minimum qualifications to be eligible for the selection
procedure.

Dissemination of information regarding the recruitment may be done through advertisement.

Recruitment Incentive Plans - in this process, the benefits that can be derived by the prospective
applicant are emphasized.

SELECTION

It is the process of screening out undesirable candidates after they have applied and likewise involves
the appointing of qualified applicants.

The purpose of the process is to secure candidates who have the highest potential for developing into
good policemen.

Initial Application
Letter of intent to join the police organization together with the document that would attest that the
applicant possess all the minimum qualifications.

Applicant must personally report to the Police Personnel Office and submit his letter of application
together with the supporting documents.

Application must include the following:

Personal Data Sheet (Civil Service Form #22)

NSO Birth Certificate

School Records

Proof of Eligibility

Clearances

Eligibility Requirements

Residency Requirement

It reduces the number of applicants because only those who reside within the region are selected by the
Regional’s Personnel Office.

Age Requirement

Younger applicants are preferred over older ones.

Height Requirement

Taller persons are preferred.

Qualifying Examination

The scope of the examination are as follows:

Philippine Constitution

IQ Test

Abstract Reasoning

Current Events

PNP Organization/LEA

Physical Agility Test

It determines physical strength and stamina of an applicant that will be needed in police work. The test
shall include the following:

push ups

sit-ups

pull ups

squad jump

50 in arm

body drag

Body drag - it determines whether an applicant posses that required strength in order for him or her to
aid or assist his or her fellow officers.

Physical and Medical Examination

It involves the conduct of thorough physical and medical examination to include dental examination.

Neuro Psychiatric Examination

It includes psychological and sociological tests.

Character and Background Investigation

It serves to verify information stated in the application form of a prospective employee.

It is conducted to obtain more information about the applicant which are not stated in his application
form.

Final Interview

It is the last or ultimate phase in the selection process.

A process wherein the applicant personally answers the question propounded to him/her by the
members of the Recruitment Board.

The interview shall be conducted by a Recruitment Board composed of a Chairman and six (6) members
wherein one should come from NAPOLCOM.

The purposes of the interview are as follows:

A means to evaluate the applicant’s qualifications which may not be effectively measured by other
devices in the selection process.
Provides samples of the ability of the applicant to identify and respond to important consideration in
job-related problems.

It gives the interviewer the chance to personally assess effectiveness of the applicant in verbal
communications.

To screen out applicants whose motivations in entering the police force is questionable.

APPOINTMENT

It is the designation of a person to an office position by a competent authority.

Any applicant who meets the general qualifications for appointment to police service and who passes
the test required in the screening procedures shall be recommended for initial appointment.

Types of Appointment

Temporary

It is granted to an applicant who does not possess all the basic requirements.

It is valid for one year subject to renewal.

Probationary

It is granted to all newly appointed PO1s subject to the completion of the Field Training Program before
the appointment is made either permanent or temporary.

Permanent

It is granted to applicants who meet all the basic requirements for appointment.

It is lasting and intending to a particular position.

It guarantees security of tenure.

Appointment in the PNP shall be affected in the following manner:

Appointing Authority (Appointees)

Regional Director or Directors of the 22 National Support Units ( PO1 – SPO4)

Chief PNP (.Inspector to Superintendent)

President of the Philippines (Senior Superintendent to Director General)

Note: The CPNP shall serve a tour of duty not exceeding four (4) years. However, in times of war or
other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend his tour of duty.

TRAINING

Objective: To bring the police forces to the desired standards of discipline and efficiency by making each
police officer fully aware of his duties and responsibilities and by providing him with a working
knowledge of police procedures and techniques.

Responsibility of Training: It shall be the responsibility of the PNP in coordination with the PPSC which
shall be the premiere educational institution for the training of human resources in the field of law
enforcement, subject to the supervision of the NAPOLCOM.

Types of Training Programs

Basic Recruit Training

Most basic of all police training which is a prerequisite to permanency of appointment.

It aims to provide the reviewing, appointed police officers with the fundamental perspective, attitude
and skills in order for them to perform regular police duties.

It is likewise the transformative phase in the life of a person from a civilian lifestyle to a highly discipline
one.

Public Safety Basic Recruit Course

It provides all police officers with the fundamental perspective, attitudes, skill which is necessary in
police work.

Basic Training

Changing of behavior

Developing manpower for a particular job

Extension of intellectual range

Creation of job effectiveness

Training Curriculum

Non-Academics - comprise 50% of the PO grade in the order of merit.

Discipline and demeanor

Participation in extra-curricular activities

Militaristic (Map reading, escape and evasion, ambush codes, river crossing)
Academics - comprise 50% of the PO grade in the order of merit.

Introduction to Criminology - 8%

Human Values/Problems - 10%

Criminal Jurisprudence - 22%

Patrol and investigation - 33%

Police Proficiency - 18%

Police Org. and Admin. - 9%

Order of Merit

Final listing of all the PO rank after training from highest to lowest

The top 3 are awarded the PNP Medalya ng Kasanayan (Efficiency Medal)

Lowest serves as the Class Goat.

Field Training Program

It is the process by which an individual police officer who is recruited into the service receives formal
instruction on the job for special and defined purposes and performs such actual job functions with
periodic appraisal on his performance and progress.

Application of skills acquired from PSBRC.

It involves 6 months of actual assignment and duty in:

1. patrol

2. traffic

3. investigation

bIn-Service Training Program

5. Junior Leadership Training – for PO1 to PO3

6. Senior Leadership Training – for SPO1 to SPO4

7. Police Basic Course – preparatory for OBC – for senior police officers

8. Officers Basic Course – for Inspectors to Chief Inspectors

9. Officers Advance Course – for Chief Inspectors to Senior Superintendent

10. Officer Senior Education Course– for Superintendent and above

10. Directorial Staff Course – for Directors

Department In-Service Training Program

As often as practicable and as the need arises, all member of the police department shall undergo
appropriate department in-service training which includes the following:

1) Roll Call Training – instructional courses of several hours a day concerning departmental activities.

2) Supervisory Development, Specialized or Technical Training – seminars or special sessions on criminal

investigation, traffic control, drug control, etc.

3) National and International Conventions on Policing..

ASSIGNMENT

The process of designating a police officer to a particular function, duty or responsibility.

This is to ensure a systematic and effective utilization of all the members of the police officers.

Criteria for Assignment

Those who possess the general qualifications without technical skills maybe assigned in a position
wherein they can acquire proficiency within a considerable period of time.

Those possessing skills which are acquired by previous experiences should be assigned to the
corresponding positions wherein they can utilize such skills.

Those who possess highly technical skills with adequate experience and duly authoritative basis shall be
given preferential assignment corresponding to his or her skills.

Those who are selected to undergo further training or studies/specialization wherein they are chosen
because of their ability, shall be assigned with the headquarters support service.

Qualifications of the members of the police force shall be examined annually to ascertain their newly
acquired skills, specialties or proficiency wherein they can be useful.

Those with physical limitations incurred while in the line of duty shall be assigned in a position where
they can serve best.

Assignment and re-assignment of police personnel from one unit to another shall be the prerogative of
the Chief PNP, Regional Directors and Chief of Police.
Swapping

It involves the change of assignment between two officers from one unit to another.

It is allowed because none of the unit will gain/loss.

PROMOTION

It is the grant of higher rank to a police officer.

Objectives:

To invest in a member of the police force a degree of authority necessary for the effective execution of
his/her duties.

Place the member of a police force to a position of increased responsibility wherein he can make use of
his/her capabilities.

Promote and provide higher incentives.

Kinds of Promotion

Posthumous

This is given to PNP personnel who die while in the line of duty.

Special/Meritorious

Given to a PNP officer who has performed an act of extra-ordinary gallantry and heroism with risk of life
and beyond the call of duty.

All requirements are waived.

Regular/Ordinary

Given to a PNP officer who possesses all the requirements/qualifications for promotion.

It is held annually.

It is based on merit system.

Note:

ASSIGNMENT

The process of designating a police officer to a particular function, duty or responsibility.

This is to ensure a systematic and effective utilization of all the members of the police officers.

Criteria for Assignment

Those who possess the general qualifications without technical skills maybe assigned in a position
wherein they can acquire proficiency within a considerable period of time.

Those possessing skills which are acquired by previous experiences should be assigned to the
corresponding positions wherein they can utilize such skills.

Those who possess highly technical skills with adequate experience and duly authoritative basis shall be
given preferential assignment corresponding to his or her skills.

Those who are selected to undergo further training or studies/specialization wherein they are chosen
because of their ability, shall be assigned with the headquarters support service.

Qualifications of the members of the police force shall be examined annually to ascertain their newly
acquired skills, specialties or proficiency wherein they can be useful.

Those with physical limitations incurred while in the line of duty shall be assigned in a position where
they can serve best.

Assignment and re-assignment of police personnel from one unit to another shall be the prerogative of
the Chief PNP, Regional Directors and Chief of Police.

Swapping

It involves the change of assignment between two officers from one unit to another.

It is allowed because none of the unit will gain/loss.

PROMOTION

It is the grant of higher rank to a police officer.

Objectives

To invest in a member of the police force a degree of authority necessary for the effective execution of
his/her duties.

Place the member of a police force to a position of increased responsibility wherein he can make use of
his/her capabilities.

Promote and provide higher incentives.

Kinds of Promotion

Posthumous

This is given to PNP personnel who die while in the line of duty.

Special/Meritorious
Given to a PNP officer who has performed an act of extra-ordinary gallantry and heroism with risk of life
and beyond the call of duty.

All requirements are waived.

Regular/Ordinary

Given to a PNP officer who possesses all the requirements/qualifications for promotion.

It is held annually.

It is based on merit system.

Note:

In a special/meritorious promotion, a special promotion board shall review/investigate all the evidence
that can be gathered to support such promotion and thereafter comes up with a decision granting or
denying such promotion.

If the investigation warrants, the highest PNP Medal can be awarded PNP Medalya ng Kagitingan.

If this will be awarded, any recipient who is a PNCO shall be promoted to the lowest PCO rank.

If the recipient is PCO, he/she is promoted to the next higher rank.

He or she will receive a monthly stipend of Php25, 000.00 for life over and above his/her salary.

Qualifications

Educational Attainment

He or she must possess the minimum educational attainment but higher educational attainment is the
more chances he or she is promoted.

Appropriate Eligibility

He or she must pass the PNP promotional exam.

If the recipient is PCO, he/she is promoted to the next higher rank.

He or she will receive a monthly stipend of Php25, 000.00 for life over and above his/her salary.

Qualifications

Educational Attainment

He or she must possess the minimum educational attainment but higher educational attainment is the
more chances he or she is promoted.
Appropriate Eligibility

He or she must pass the PNP promotional exam.

Promotion for the Rank of Mandatory Trainig

PO2 – PO3 PS Basic Recruit Training Course

SPO1 – SPO2 PS Junior Leadership Course

SPO3 – SPO4 PS Senior Leadership Course

Inspector PS Officer’s Candidate Course

Senior Inspector PS Officer’s Basic Course

Chief Inspector PS Officer’s Advance Course

Superintendent PS Officer’s Senior Executive Course

Completion of Mandatory Training Course

Time-in-Grade

Period of time that had elapsed since an officer is appointed to his rank in permanent status.

If appointment is either probationary or temporary, time-in-grade will not apply.

Clearances

Barangay

Prosecutor’s Office

Court

NBI

Internal Affairs Office

PLEB

Office of the Ombudsman

Note: All candidates for promotion must pass the adequate requisite of medical and neuro-psychiatric
exam.
Lateral Entry

Only for licensed criminologists wherein you will be assigned in the line service.

Qualifications

Must be within the PNP service

At least 3 years of active service

With masteral units in Criminology

Must complete either of the following:

Criminal Investigation and Detection Course

Police Intelligence course

RETIREMENT

A process wherein a PNP officer leaves or exits in the police service.

Kinds of Retirement

Mandatory

Given after a PNP member reached the age of 56 not withstanding his rank or position.

Exception: Chief PNP can extend his term after he reaches 56 upon the order of the President shall not
exceed 1 year (e.g. in case of war or national emergency)

Optional

Given to a PNP member who requested for it after having rendered at least 20 years of satisfactory
service, subject to approval of the NAPOLCOM.

Early

Given to a PNP member who applies for it provided he or she have rendered at least 10 years of
satisfactory service.

There is no retirement benefit only the separation pay which will be computed on a rank which is 2
ranks higher than his present rank.

Note: In Mandatory and Optional Retirement, the retired PNP member shall receive his retirement
benefits. (Monthly Pension for Life)

Longevity Pay
Additional incentive for police officers for 5 years or more of satisfactory service rendered.

5 to 9 years = 10% of base pay

10 to 14 years = 20%

15 to 19 years = 30%

20 to 24 years = 40%

25 and above = 50%

Note:

The retired PNP personnel have the option to receive in advance and in lump sum the first 5 years of his
or her retirement benefit.

Then, he receives his or her monthly pension after 5 years.

If a retired PNP dies within the 5 years period after appointment, the next of kin receive SURVIVORSHIP
PENSION.

LATERAL ENTRY PROGRAM

A process wherein a highly skilled and competent individual is appointed in the PNP is appointed in the
PNP with an initial rank of either Inspector or Senior Inspector.

ATTRITION

It is the process of removing from the police force inefficient, unproductive, and ineffective police
officers.

Kinds of Attrition

Attrition by reaching the Maximum Tenure

Chief PNP 4 years

Deputies/TCDS 4 years

Director of the Staff Directorials 4 years

Regional Directors/Directors NSU 6 years

Provincial/City Directors 9 years

Attrition by Relief
Any PNP officer who have been relieved for cause, and have not been given an assignment for a
continuous period of 2 years after such relief shall be retired or separated.

Attrition by demotion in rank or in position

Any PNP officer, who have been relieved of his assignment and has not been given an assignment
commensurate to his rank based on the PNP staffing pattern for a period of 18 months, shall be retired
or separated.

Attrition by non-promotion

Any PNP officer who is not promoted for a continuous period of 10 years in spite of vacancy shall be
retired or separated.

Attrition by other means

Inefficiency based on poor performance for 2 consecutive annual rating period

Inefficiency based on poor performance for 3 cumulative annual rating period

Failure to pass the requisite entrance (promotional exam) twice or finish the mandatory training without
justifiable reason.

Note: In the attrition system, a police officer attrited could be:

SEPARATED – if he or she have rendered less than 20 years of service.

RETIRED – if he or she have rendered 20 years or more of service.

WAIVER PROGRAM

One particular process wherein applicants who do not possess all the 10 minimum requirements are still
accepted or appointed in the PNP.

It only applies when the no. of qualified applicants fall below the quota.

The minimum requirements can be availed in its order of preference:

Age

Applicant must not be less than 20 years nor more than 35 years old at the time of the appointment.

Height

Must not be less than 1.57 m/5’2” (M) and 1.52 m/5” (F).
Members of the indigenous communities are certified by the NCIP are given a lower height requirement
provided he or she applies in the Police Regional Office where the indigenous community is located.

Weight

Must not be less than nor more than 5 kgs of standard weight in accordance with the person’s age,
height and gender.

All appointees are given 6 months to come up with the required weight.

Education

Applicant must have earned 72 college units.

All applicants are given 5 years after appointment to finish a BS Degree.

INSPECTION

It is done regularly to ensure:

actual strength of a PNP unit.

that all personnel are adept to the latest order or memoranda from higher authority.

police unit is capable of responding to any eventuality in their AOR.

Kinds of Inspection

Fall-In Inspection

Conducted after the giving or handling of assignment of every duty shift.

Inspection in Rank

All personnel except skeleton force are required to attend.

All equipment are inspected.

AGI

Conducted by inspecting team of the office to AGI Regional or Provincial Offices.

Officers are also inspected.

Only the NAPOLCOM and the IAS are allowed to conduct both inspection of PNP personnel in the
field/PNP units.