e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
FLOW RATE AND FLUID LEVEL MEASUREMENT AND
AUTOMATIC CONTROLLING UNIT
Chetan P. Bhujade*1, Himanshu D. Bisen*2, Giridhar V. Hatwar*3,
Ankit K. Bharati*4, Nitin Sawarkar*5
*1,2,3,4UG
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wainganga College of Engg. &
Management, Nagpur Maharashtra, India.
*5Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wainganga College of Engg. &

Management, Nagpur Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT
For managing and regulating numerous parameters, flow monitoring has been a priority in the fluid handling
business. Any change in flow dimension has an immediate impact on the output parameters in the domains of
heat transfer, fluid mechanics, fluid power, and so on. This might result in massive economic and qualitative
losses, which would be completely unacceptable. Traditional fluid flow measuring approaches are time-
consuming, cumbersome, and impacted by pressure, temperature, and viscosity with self-draining properties. It
also necessitates careful observation followed by theoretical computation. This inspired the development of a
flow management system that integrates flow metres with the electronic control system. It is fairly simple to
implement such in-house-created systems in the development of open-source instrumentation. This prototype
shows the creation of a fluid flow monitoring system utilising the YF-S210 flow sensor and the Arduino
interface. The algorithm was created using the ARDUINO IDE. The experiment is carried out on a centrifugal
pump to measure the outlet discharge using both the traditional approach and the devised technology. For the
purpose of calibration, a comparison of how both methods measure outlet discharge has been shown.
Keywords: Arduino, Flow Rate Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor.
I. INTRODUCTION
Flow measurement and monitoring are critical for analysing fluid movement. The flow is monitored using a
variety of measuring methods. The positive displacement flow measurement technique works on the idea of
collecting a set volume of fluid and measuring the time elapsed. Some flow measurement methods, on the other
hand, use forces created by the moving fluid as it overcomes established limitations to indirectly measure the
flow. The velocity of fluid across a defined region can be used to monitor flow. The flow rate for voluminous
flows is estimated from the change in concentration. Traditional equipment such as flow metres, venturi
metres, orifice plates, and Pitot tubes has been used for decades. Technology advancement has resulted in flow
measurement modifications as well. Flow metres that are activated by a magnetic field are combined with an
electrical circuit. The impeller magnets of a positive displacement flow metre activate the latched circuit in the
sensor, which emits and sends a square wave pulse to a controller or any other monitoring device using an
economical hot wire flow metre that is not exposed by the flow but is exposed due to the pins in the lead frame
where thermic contact is provided. Traditional fluid flow measuring approaches are assessed as time-
consuming, cumbersome, and impacted by pressure, temperature, and viscosity with self-draining properties. It
also necessitates careful observation followed by theoretical computation. Furthermore, contemporary
procedures are reliant on more expensive proprietary software-hardware technologies. This inspired the
development of a flow management system that integrates the low-cost flow sensor YF-DN50 with an electrical
control system created using open-source instrumentation such as Arduino, IDE, and PLX DAQ. This system
works as a data collection system, getting, processing, displaying, and storing data so that it can be studied
further.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Asaad Ahmed Mohammed ahmed Eltaieb and Zhang Jian Min, Automatic Fluid Level Control System,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015.
→ This document includes an implemented The automatic fluid level control system uses Arduino to automate
the operation of fluid pumping in a tank. It detects the amount of fluid in the tank and turns on or off the pump
appropriately, displaying the status on the LCD panel. The device also checks the fluid level in the sump tank

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
(source tank). If the level in the sump tank is low, the pump will not turn on, protecting the motor from dry
running.
[2] K. HAREENDRAN, T., 2020. Working With Water/fluid Flow Sensors & Arduino. [online] Electro Schematics.
Available at: <https://www.electroschematics.com/working- with-water-flow-sensors- Arduino /> [Accessed
24 April 2020].
→ Inside this article, we learned about the YFS201 Hall Effect Water Flow Sensor interface with Arduino for
detecting the flow rate and volume of water or any other liquid. This is a fantastic project that may be utilised in
industry, at home, or in water flow measuring applications such as water taps, tunnels, rivers, and so on.
[3] Marioli, E. Sardini and A. Taroni, Ultrasonic distance measurement for linear and angular position control,
IEEE Trans. lustrum. Meas. Vol.37, N.4, December 1988, pp.578-581.
→ This article taught us about the ultrasonic sensor used for fluid level indicators, as well as the lcd and relay
that interface with it to reduce waste and unnecessary consumption of liquid/water.
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Figure 1: Block Diagram

The block diagram in Fig.1 shows the relationship of each part of the Proposed system. When the water level in
the tank reaches a certain level, the pump turns on and off automatically. Arduino is utilised because its
connections are simple and its coding is straightforward. The technology also measures the water level
continuously. It is really handy since the user does not have to be concerned about the water content during the
busiest hours of the day. It not only aids in daily tasks but also reduces water waste. It lowers human labour,
saves time, and keeps the user informed about the water content.
IV. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Above circuit schematic shows the circuit arrangement of prototype " Flow rate & Fluid Level Measurement &
Automatic controlling unit for Industrial " in which all components are connected to respective interfacing pins
of Arduino UNO (Controller). The working of all pins are and the components, sensors are explained below.
Module 1: Fluid level controller is the equipment used to control the fluid level in a field.
A microcontroller is used to control the fluid level. The main components are Arduino microcontroller, a
sensor, a motor, and so on. The sensor detects the presence of liquids and alerts the microcontroller. The
control signals for the motor are generated by the microcontroller. If there is no fluid in the tank , the
microcontroller sends a control signal to start the motor; if there is enough fluid in the tank, the microcontroller
sends a control signal to stop the motor. In addition, when the motor starts, the microcontroller turns on the
display and displays "THE MOTOR IS ON," and when the motor stops, the display is turned off. As a result, the
fluid level in a field may be automatically adjusted. The essential components in this are an ultrasonic sensor, a
motor, and a microprocessor.

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( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram

Figure 3: Working of Module 1

Module 2: Having 1 ultrasonic sensor mounted on head.

Figure 4: Working of Module 2

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
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The ultrasonic sensor continually measures the amount of fluid in the specific tank. This is an ultrasonic sensor
that is linked to the Arduino for sensing purposes, and the output of this specific microcontroller is connected
to the LCD display to show the real level value, and the relay circuit works on the Arduino input to turn on or off
the fluid pump. In this manner, we are sensing the fluid level, showing it on the screen, and regulating the fluid
motor based on the fluid level.
ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board powered by the open-source ATmega328 processor. The table
has 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analogue I/O pins, a USB connector, an on-board 16 MHz ceramic resonator, an on-
board DC power connection, an ICSP header, and a reset button for microcontrollers. All of the
microcontroller's criteria have been satisfied. Connect the board to a computer to get started.

Figure 5: Arduino Uno

MODULE RELAY
Relays are electromagnetic switches that open and close circuits either electromechanically or electronically. A
relay is controlled by a relay that has the ability to activate or deactivate a much larger electric current.

Figure 6: Relay Module

Relaxation works in the same way that certain electric goods do, in that it receives electric signals and sends
them to other devices by flipping the switch on and off. The relay contact is not activated whether the contact is
normally closed or normally open. The condition of the contacts will change only when they are provided
ULTRASONIC SENSOR (HC-SR04)

Figure 7: Ultrasonic Sensor

It is basically a distance sensor and is used for detecting the distance using SONAR method. It has two
ultrasonic transmitters namely the receiver and the control circuit. The transmitter emits a high frequency
ultrasonic sound wave which bounces off from any solid object and receiver receives it as an echo. The echo is
then processed by the control circuit to calculate the time and the difference between the transmitter and
receiver signal. This time can subsequently be used to measure the measure the distance between the sensor
and the reflecting object. Figure 4. Pin Configurations of Ultrasonic Sensor(HC-SR04) It has an ultrasonic
frequency of 40 KHz and accuracy is nearest to 0.3 cm.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
YFS201 HALL EFFECT WATER FLOW SENSOR

Figure 8 : Flow Rate Sensor

This sensor connects to your water pipe and contains a pinwheel sensor that measures the amount of liquid
that has passed through it. With each turn, an embedded magnetic Hall Effect sensor generates an electrical
pulse. The Hall Effect sensor is isolated from the water pipe, allowing it to remain safe and dry. The sensor
includes three wires: one red (5-12VDC power), one black (ground), and one yellow (Hall Effect pulse output).
The water flow rate may be simply calculated by counting the pulses from the sensor's output. Each pulse
contains about 2.25 millilitres. It should be noted that this is not a precise sensor, and the pulse rate varies
slightly based on the flow rate, fluid pressure, and sensor.
WATER PUMP

Figure 9: Water Pump

Submersible Pump, 230v water pump Mini water circulation system This is a low-cost, small-size Submersible
Pump Motor that runs on less power supply. It can process up to hundreds of litre per hour while drawing
only milliamps current . Simply attach the tube pipe to the motor outlet, immerse it in water, and turn it on.
Ensure that the water level is consistently full.
LCD

Figure 10: LCD

A liquid crystal display is referred to as a "LCD." It is a type of electronic display module that may be found in a
range of applications such as mobile phones, laptop computers, and TVs. This is in use. It is an electrical device
display module. These displays are best suited for seven-segment light-emitting diodes. The primary
advantages of using the module are that it is affordable, simple to develop, and has no restrictions on displaying
individual characters, unique animations, or even animations, etc.
V. RESULT ANALYSIS
Table No: 1 Result Analysis
CALCULATED WATER PUMP
SR. NO. PARAMETER
READING STATUS
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Switching Of Water Level >10
1 ON
Water Pump Cm
Switching Of Water Level <10
2 OFF
Water Pump Cm
Water Level = 23
3 Water Level ON
Cm
Water Level = 7
4 Water Level OFF
Cm
Pump
5 40 Watt -
Consumption
6 Flow Rate 10 L/m -
7 Volume 10 L -
After performing this model we got the results as shown in above table. The water pump automatically turns on
and off according to the water level in the tank , as water level decrease pump will get start and tank filled, as
tank full pump will automatically turns off. This water pump consumes the power of 10 watt. It has the flow
rate of 10 L/min and gives the efficiency of 84.99%.

Figure 11: Designed Prototype

VI. ADVANTAGES
• This It is relatively simple to design and install.
• This is very useful to all climatic conditions.
• It is economic friendly.
• Saving of Industrial Fluids.
• This makes increase in productivity and reduces power consumption.
• Here we are micro controllers so there is error free.
• This is safest and less manpower is required.
VII. APPLICATIONS
• Highly applicable in Industrial use, water reservoir, fuel pumps.
• Applicable in the sectors where there is first priority to fuel, liquid.
VIII. CONCLUSION
A novel fluid flow monitoring system incorporating integration of flow sensor YF-S201 with the electronic
control system built using open-source instrumentation, i.e., Arduino, IDE was developed. This system serves as
a data acquisition system to acquire, process, display, and store data can be used further for analysis if any. The
control system was designed to develop mechatronic interfacing of sensor and microcontroller. The algorithm
was designed in ARDUINO IDE and is communicated. The experimentation was carried out on centrifugal pump
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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
for monitoring and measuring outlet discharge by conventional method and with use of developed system. The
comparison graph of outlet discharge measured by both the methods has been plotted and found to have good
accuracy. The total price of prototype is near about Rs. 4000/- which is most affordable to all. The advocated
approach is efficient, reliable, inexpensive, and flexible particularly for academic research. Additionally, the
system may perhaps be implemented in stand- alone special purpose industries and for laboratories at
engineering institutes.
IX. REFERENCES
[1] Asaad Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Eltaieb and Zhang Jian Min, Automatic Fluid Level Control System,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015.
[2] K. HAREENDRAN, T., 2020. Working With Water/fluid Flow Sensors & Arduino.[online] Electro
Schematics. Available at: <https://www.electroschematics.com/working-with-water-flow-sensors-
arduino/> [Accessed 24 April 2020].
[3] Marioli, E. Sardini and A. Taroni, Ultrasonic distance measurement for linear and angular position
control, IEEE Trans. lustrum. Meas. Vol.37, N.4, December 1988, pp.578-581.
[4] Datasheet, YF-DN50 G2” inch water flow meter sensor flowmeter caudalimetr counter indicator water
flow system gauge device, 10-200L- min/2114.10010108.1000013.4
[5] Kuganesan Kumar, Moamin A.Mahmoud “Monitoring and Controlling Tap Water Flow at Homes Using
Android Mobile Application”. American Journal of Software Engineering and Applications. Vol.6, No.6,
2017 2. Ejio for Virginia Ebere, Oladipo Onaolapo Franciscaentitled “Microcontroller based Automatic
Water Level Control System” Vol.1, Issue6, August2013
[6] Nakayama Y (1999) Introduction to fluid mechanics, 1st edn. Butterworth- Heinemann, An imprint of
ELSEVIER, UK.
[7] Shewale MS, Mulik SS, Deshmukh SP, Patange AD (2018) A novel health monitoring system. In:
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[8] Asaad Ahmed Mohammed ahmed Eltaieb and Zhang Jian Min, Automatic Water Level Control System,
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 4 Issue 12, December 2015.
[9] Beza Negash Getu and Hussain A. Attia, Automatic Water Level Sensor and Controller System, ©2016
IEEE.
[10] Priya J, Sailusha Chekuri, water level monitoring system using IoT, International Research Journal of
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level Monitoring & Pump controlling System, International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research
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[12] K. Santhosh Kumar, G. Mukesh, K. Deepti, Microcontroller based Automatic Water level Control System
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[13] Sanam Pudasaini, Anuj Pathak, Sukirti Dhakal and Milan Paudel, “Automatic Water Level Controller
with Short Messaging Service (SMS) Notification”, International Journal of Scientific and Research
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