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Grammer 1 - 11

This document provides a grammar summary covering 21 topics: 1. Question words and their uses in asking questions. 2. The uses of was and were depending on whether the subject is singular or plural. 3. The differences between direct and indirect questions. 4. The uses of already and yet in sentences. 5. How to form the present perfect tense. 6. The uses of should, could, and would. 7. When to use one versus ones depending on if the noun is singular or plural.

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103 views8 pages

Grammer 1 - 11

This document provides a grammar summary covering 21 topics: 1. Question words and their uses in asking questions. 2. The uses of was and were depending on whether the subject is singular or plural. 3. The differences between direct and indirect questions. 4. The uses of already and yet in sentences. 5. How to form the present perfect tense. 6. The uses of should, could, and would. 7. When to use one versus ones depending on if the noun is singular or plural.

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GRAMMER:

1- Question words:
What Ask about things / what is
that?
Where Ask about place/ where is the
shop?
When Ask about time/ when do you
sleep?
Who/ whose Ask about person+ possessive
Who is he? + whose pen is
this?
Which Choosing / which dress
should I buy?
Why Reason/ why are you late?
How Matter / how do you make
cookies?

2- Was Vs were
Was ( she – he – it – I ) = Singular
I was listening to the radio
Were ( you – we – they )
They were running.

3- Direct questions Vs Indirect questions


Direct:
QASM ( Question word + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb )
What are you doing?
Indirect:
Phrase + QASM
Could you tell me what is the time?
I was wondering where are the children going?
4- Already – Yet
Already = something happened earlier
Yet= something didn’t happen
Already comes after ( have – has ) and before the main verb (
Part Participle V3 )
I have already gone to the store
She has already done her homework
Yet comes at the end of a sentence
I didn’t go yet – she hasn’t gone yet – they aren’t there yet

5- Present perfect tense:


When the action is in the past but the time is not known
Have / has + past participle V3
We have eaten
She has written her essay
Negative form:
We haven’t eaten
She hasn’t written her essay

6- Should / could/ would


Should/ shouldn’t = for advice and suggestions
You should go to a doctor
Could/ couldn’t = ability ( past forms of can/ cant)
You could run to the supermarket real fast
He could do his homework in the living room
Would/ wouldn’t = to give advice ( unreal situations ) using (if)
I would talk to your mom if I were you
He would travel around the world if he had the money
7- One / ones
Used instead of repeating a noun
If its singular (one) if its plural (ones)
I don’t know if I should buy the red dress or the blue dress
I don’t know if I should but the red dress or the blue one
I like the tall trees and the small trees too
I like the tall trees and the small ones too
NOTE: if we use (one) with an adjective then we need to add
(a)
I'd like to buy a house. If I can afford it, I'll get a big one.

8- Past simple:
An action happened at a certain time in the past
The sun rose at 7 am
She lived in Paris last year

9- Present continuous:
S+ auxiliary verb + Ving
She is talking on the phone
We can Use it to talk about future arrangements
I am visiting my grandmother tomorrow
What are you doing tonight?

10- Simple Future:


Use (will) + Infinite verb (base)
I will go to the airport in the morning
Where will you sit when you get there?
11- Adjectives ending in (ed) –(ing)
We use the (ed) with emotions and feelings
I am tired of studying
He is annoyed by the sound
We use (ing) to describe a characteristic of a person, thing, or
situation
The book was interesting
the thunder was frightening
the course was tiring
he was annoying

12- Be going to:


We can use it for future + predictions
We use be going to + the base form of the verb
I’m going to take a nap
It is going to snow (prediction)

13- Past continuous:


Was / were + Ving
The past continuous shows us that the action was already in
progress at a certain time in the past
What were you doing? I was watching TV
The past continuous can also show that an activity was in
progress for some time, not just for a moment
I was cleaning my room all morning
14- Conditionals
Future real conditional is used to refer to the present or future
where the situation is real.
In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the
main clause is in the simple future.
If it rains, you will get we

Simple present conditional is used for when the time being


referred to is now or always and the situation is real and
possible, also its often used to refer to general truths.
The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present.
When you study, you pass

Present/ future unreal conditional is used to talk about an


unreal or imaginary situation in the present. To form a present
unreal conditional, use a simple past verb in the if clause. In
the result clause, use would +simple present verb.
If I were a doctor, I would open my own practice

15- Quantifies

Count nouns Both Non-count nouns

Several A few A little

Many A lot of So much


Count nouns have plural (s) and non-count don’t have (s)
Non-count : water – advice – information – sand – snow- rice

16 – as…..as for comparing


We use as + adjective/adverb + as to make comparisons when
the things we are comparing are equal in some way:
My dad’s new truck is as big as a bull.
Negative:
The weather this summer is not as hot as last year.

17 – used to
We use used to when we refer to things in the past which are
no longer true.
It always refers to past time.
Examples: He used to play football for the local team, but he’s
too old now
Negative:
didn’t use to.
Example: I didn’t use to like broccoli when I was younger, but I
love it.

18 – present perfect continues


subject + auxiliary have/has + been + main verb+ing
She has been reading
Negative: She hasn’t been listening
Questions: Have you been swimming?
19- The verbs need, have to, and must
Need to: is most often used to say that an action should be
done (very important)
• I need to wash my dirty clothes
Must and have to: both are used to say that something is
required or necessary
• We must go to the post office
Negative form: don’t have to- don’t need to – mustn’t
NOTE : all must be used with the base form of the verb

20- simple present passive/ simple past passive

Active voice: begins with the subject


Lilly wrote the essay
Passive: the subject is not the main focus
Present passive: uses (is – are ) + past participle
The essay is written by Lilly
Past passive: uses ( was – were ) + past participle
The essay was written by Lilly
Note: use (by) before the subject if its there
21- phrasal verbs:
Verbs + prepositions = new meanings

Set up – give up – keep up


Work out – figure out – stand out
Work at
Get over

Some phrasal verbs can be separated by an object mostly those


that have the preposition (up- out)

I need to set up the computer


I need to set the computer up

I have to figure out the problem


I have to figure the problem out

(at/ over) cannot be separated by an object

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