Critical Measurements in

Standard and High Definition

SDI Environments

Presented by Mike Waidson

Video Business Unit - Application Engineer

© Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Standard Definition Standards

4 SMPTE 125M or ITU- BT.R 601-5

0Component Video Signal 4:2:2 - Bit-Parallel Digital Interface
0Standard definition sampling structure for 525 and 625
4 SMPTE 259M or ITU- BT.R 656-4
010-Bit 4:2:2 Component and 4fsc Composite Digital Signals
Serial Digital Interface
0Serialization process for standard definition signal

©2Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 HDTV Standards
4 SMPTE 240M 1125 Line High Definition System
01920x1035 @ 60i & 59.94i Colorimetry CIE (1931)
4 SMPTE 274M 1920x1080 Scanning and Analog and Parallel
Digital Interfaces for Multiple Picture Rates
01125 - 1920x1080 @ 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 60i, 59.94i, 50i, 30p,
29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.98p, 30sF, 29.97sF, 25sF, 24sF, 23.98sF
Colorimetry ITU-R BT.709
4 SMPTE 296M 1280x720 Progressive Image Sample Structure -
Analog and Digital
0750 - 1280x720 @ 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p
23.98p Colorimetry ITU-R BT.709
4 SMPTE 292M Bit Serial Digital Interface for High Definition
Television Systems

©3Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Conversion of R’G’B’ into
Luma and Color Difference
4 SMPTE240M
Y’ = 0.701G’ + 0.087B’ + 0.212R’
Pb = (B’-Y’)/1.826
Pr = (R’-Y’)/1.576
4 SMPTE 274M & 296M
Y’ = 0.7152G’ + 0.0722B’ + 0.2126R’
Pb = [0.5/(1- 0.0722)](B’-Y’)
Pr = [0.5/1- 0.2126) ](R’-Y’)
4 525 & 625 (601)
Y’ = 0.587G’ + 0.114B’ + 0.299R’
Pb = 0.564(B’-Y’)
Pr = 0.713(R’-Y’)

©4Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Analog to Digital Conversion

Standard Definition Clock 27MHz

High Definition Clock
148.5 MHz even rates
(148.5/1.001) = 148.35 MHz odd rates

©5Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Serialization Process

Standard Definition 270Mb/s

High Definition
1.485 Gb/s even rates
(1.485/1.001) = 1.4835 Gb/s odd rates

©6Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Non-Return to Zero Inverted (NRZI)

Video data
No sample can contain all “1”s or all “0”s
Video data can contain unequal amounts
of “1”s or “0”s
Scrambling minimizes the low frequency
content
Converting to NRZI eliminates polarity
sensitivity
Scrambling can also produce long runs of
1’s or 0’s
This happens infrequently in video
It happens occasionally with EAV and SAV
which contain 2 or 3 words of all “0”s
It can be encouraged to happen with
certain test signals

©7Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 The Eye Pattern

©8Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 Eye Diagram Measurement
Specifications
Overshoot
Rising/Falling Edge
less than 10%

0.8 Volts Jitter

+ 10% 0.2 UI p-p
20% to 80%
Risetime

Unit
Interval

One Clock Interval

©9Copyright Tektronix, Inc.

 HD Eye Measurement

800mv

134ps

©10
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Jitter Measurement Bands

Timing Jitter

10 Hz

Timing Jitter : (1.0UI)

The variation in time of the significant
instants of a digital signal relative to a
clock with no jitter above some low
frequency (about 10Hz)

©11
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Jitter Measurement Bands

Alignment Jitter

1 kHz

Alignment Jitter : (0.2UI)

The variation in time of the significant
instants of a digital signal relative to a
clock recovered from the signal itself
(jitter components will be above 10Hz
but none above higher frequencies in
the 1kHz - 100kHz range)

©12
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Pathological Signals - Stress Testing
HD-SDI Checkfield

4 Specific patterns applied to the scrambler can stress the system

VERTICAL BLANKING INTERVAL

FIRST HALF OF ACTIVE FIELD 1 BIT

300h, 198h
19 BITS
FOR CABLE EQUALIZER TESTING

SECOND HALF OF ACTIVE FIELD 20 BITS

200h, 110h 20 BITS

FOR PHASE LOCKED LOOP TESTING

HORIZONTAL ACTIVE LINE ONLY

©13
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Error Testing

4 Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC)

4 Created by summation of Luma or Chroma data
0CRC(X) = X18 + X5 + X4 + 1
4 Inserted after EAV as YCR0, YCR1 or CCR0, CCR1

©14
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Component Luminance
10-bit Quantizing
Excluded 766.3 mV 3FF 11 1111 1111

Peak 700.0 mV 3AC 11 1010 1100

VOLTAGE
766.3 mV
Excluded - ILLEGAL
{ 763.9 mV (107 IRE)

Not Recommended
WARNING

Peak 700.0 mV

Black 0 mV 040 00 0100 0000

Excluded -51.1mV 000 00 0000 0000

©15
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Component Color Difference
10-bit Quantizing

Excluded 399.2 mV 3FF 11 1111 1111

Max Positive 350.0 mV 3C0 11 1100 0000

Black 0.0 mV 200 10 0000 0000

Max Negative -350.0 mV 040 00 0100 0000

Excluded -400.0 mV 000 00 0000 0000

©16
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Standard Definition Digital Horizontal
Line

Last active picture sample First active picture sample

COMPONENT: Active line digitized, EAV/SAV added

EAV

SAV
XYZ

XYZ
3FF

3FF
000
000

000
000

Cb

Cr
Y

Y
1715
1712
1713
1714
XYZ Word Conveys Start/End of Line (H),

0
1
2
3
Vertical Blanking (V), and Field (F)

©17
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Standard Definition Horizontal Line

BLANKING
INTERVAL

ANALOG LINE

276/288
WORDS DIGITAL ACTIVE LINE (same for 525/625)
for 525/625 1440 WORDS (0-1439)

TOTAL LINE 1716/1728 WORDS for 525/625

E S E
A A A
V V V

4 words 4 words 4 words

©18
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 SMPTE 292 Digital Horizontal Line

Last active picture sample First active picture sample

COMPONENT: Active line digitized, EAV/SAV added

EAV

SAV
000 C
000 Y
000 C

XYZ C
XYZ Y
000 Y

LN0 C

LN1 C
LN0 Y

LN1 Y
3FF C
3FF Y

CRC0

CRC1
YCR1
YCR0

XYZ
XYZ
3FF
3FF

000
000
000
000

Cb

Cr
Y

Y
0
1
2
3
XYZ Word Conveys Start/End of Line (H),
Vertical Blanking (V), and Field (F)

©19
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 SMPTE292 Component Horizontal Line

©20
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 SMPTE 292 HD Formats
A B C D E F G
1920x1080/59.94/1:1 1920 1080 59.94 Progressive 148.352 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/50/1:1 1920 1080 50 Progressive 148.5 484T 44T 44T 148T 720T 1920T 2640T 1125
1920x1080/60/2:1 1920 1080 30 2:1Interlace 74.25 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/59.94/2:1 1920 1080 29.97 2:1Interlace 74.176 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/50/2:1 1920 1080 25 2:1Interlace 74.25 484T 44T 44T 148T 720T 1920T 2640T 1125
1920x1080/30/1:1 1920 1080 30 Progressive 74.25 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/29.97/1:1 1920 1080 29.97 Progressive 74.176 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/25/1:1 1920 1080 25 Progressive 74.25 484T 44T 44T 148T 720T 1920T 2640T 1125
1920x1080/24/1:1 1920 1080 24 Progressive 74.25 594T 44T 44T 148T 830T 1920T 2750T 1125
1920x1080/23.98/1:1 1920 1080 23.98 Progressive 74.176 594T 44T 44T 148T 830T 1920T 2750T 1125
1920x1080/30/sF 1920 1080 30 Prog. sF 74.25 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/29.97/1:1sF 1920 1080 29.97 Prog. sF 74.176 44T 44T 44T 148T 280T 1920T 2200T 1125
1920x1080/25/1:1sF 1920 1080 25 Prog. sF 74.25 484T 44T 44T 148T 720T 1920T 2640T 1125
1920x1080/24/1:1sF 1920 1080 24 Prog. sF 74.25 594T 44T 44T 148T 830T 1920T 2750T 1125
1920x1080/23.98/1:1sF 1920 1080 23.98 Prog. sF 74.176 594T 44T 44T 148T 830T 1920T 2750T 1125
1280x720/60/1:1 1280 720 60 Progressive 74.25 70T 40T 40T 220T 370T 1280T 1650T 750
1280x720/59.94/1:1 1280 720 59.94 Progressive 74.176 70T 40T 40T 220T 370T 1280T 1650T 750
1280x720/50/1:1 1280 720 50 Progressive 74.25 400T 40T 40T 220T 700T 1280T 1980T 750
1280x720/30/1:1 1280 720 30 Progressive 74.25 1720T 40T 40T 220T 2020T 1280T 3300T 750
1280x720/29.97/1:1 1280 720 29.97 Progressive 74.176 1720T 40T 40T 220T 2020T 1280T 3300T 750
1280x720/25/1:1 1280 720 25 Progressive 74.25 2380T 40T 40T 220T 2680T 1280T 3960T 750
1280x720/24/1:1 1280 720 24 Progressive 74.25 2545T 40T 40T 220T 2845T 1280T 4125T 750

©21
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 XYZ Word

©22
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.
 Conclusion

4 The techniques applied for Standard Definition can

be applied to High Definition formats.
4 Care should be taking when dealing with the high
clock rate
4 Appropriate Colorimetry values need to be selected
for the appropriate format

Thank you for taking the time to view our tutorial

Close the presentation window to learn more about
resources available on www.tektronix.com

©23
Copyright Tektronix, Inc.