1

4. WEB TECHNOLOGY
1. ---- --- -- protocol helps e-mail communication.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol( SMTP )

2. What is DNS server?

When we give a URL to the browser the Domain Name System (DNS)server
return the IP address of the server in which the web site is actually hosted .

3. What is the basic protocol followed in internet communication?

TCP/IP

4. The social media websites developed their own protocol for communicating
over the Internet. How is this possible when Internet uses TCP/IP protocol?

By using TCP/IP in internet technology, the routers need not be

programmed separately to handle different types of data. They do not need to know
about the data they are transporting and are concerned only about the address to
which the packet is to be delivered. This gives the freedom to design new protocols
(for social media etc) for the Internet.

5. The data to be sent through internet is broken down into small data
packets by -- ---
TCP

6. ……. … … device route and transport data packets to their destination

computers using

internet.
Routers

7. ……. … … protocol helps to route and transport data packets to their

destination computers

using internet
IP( Internet Protocol)

6. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP) is a standard protocol used for
communication between client (Browser) and server (Web server).

HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) works using Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) which provides a standard security technology for establishing an
encrypted connection between computers on Internet.
7. The user name and password of an e-mail account has to be sent securely
over the Internet.

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 2

a. Name the technology used to send the data to the server.

b. How does this technology support secure data communication?

Ans. A). In such cases we use HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure)
technology to encrypt the username and password, and then send it to the server.

B). HTTPS works using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) which provides a standard
security technology for establishing an encrypted connection between computers on
Internet. When the browser requests for a secure web page, the server first returns
its SSL certificate.
Browser check its validity with certification authority . If it is valid the
encrypted data transmission starts.

8. SSL stands for -- -- -- --

Secure Sockets Layer

9. What is the role of payment gateway in online purchases?

Payment gateway is a server that acts as a bridge between merchant server

and bank server and transfers money in an encrypted format whenever an online
payment/money transfer is made.

10. What is a web server? What are its components?

A web server enables us to deliver web pages or services like e-mail, blog, etc.
to users on the Internet.
A web server can have single or multiple processors, fast access RAM, high
performance hard disks, Ethernet cards that supports fast communication. A server
operating system like openSUSE, Microsoft Windows Server, FreeBSD, Oracle
Solaris, etc is installed and a web server software like Apache Server, Microsoft
Internet Information Server (IIS), Google Web Server (GWS) , nginx .

11. What are software ports? How they differ from hardware port?
A software port is used to connect a client computer to a server to access its
services like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc. To distinguish the ports, the software ports are
given unique numbers
Eg. http://google.co.in:80

12. What are the soft ware port used for following
a). HTTP b). FTP c). SMTP d). DNS

a). 80 b). 2 & 21 c). 25 d). 53

13. What are the steps followed when we give a URL in web browser?

Or
Suppose you are browsing the website www.prdkerala.org. Explain how the
DNS resolves the IP
address.

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 3

a). The browser first searches its local cache memory to search whether its IP
address is in the recently visited list

b). If it is not found it check the operating system’s local cache for IP address

c). If it is not found there, it searches the DNS server of the local ISP.
d). If IP address is not there , the ISP’s DNS server initiate search for IP address
starts from root server.
e). After finding the IP address, The ISP's DNS server returns this to the
browser.(If it is not found , a Page not found message displayed on browser)

f). The browser connects to the web server using the IP address of
www.prdkerala.org and the webpage is displayed in the browser window

14. What is the advantage of having a local DNS server in an intranet?

If there is a local DNS server in an intranet, the IP address of the servers can be
easily get by searching in this DNS server. No need to search outside.

15. State whether true or false.

a. The web server software works based on a client-server model.
b. The web server consists of server operating system and web server software
Ans. A). True B). True

16. A Domain Name System returns the ___________ of a domain name.

IP address

17. The number of bits in a software port number is _____.

Ans. 16

18. Name some web design soft wares

Bluefish, Bootstrap, Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web

19. What are the difference between static and dynamic web pages?

Static web page Dynamic web page

The content and layout of a web page is The content and layout may change
fixed. during run time.
Static web pages never use databases. Database is used to generate dynamic
content through queries.
Static web pages directly run on the Dynamic web page runs on the server
browser and do not require any server side application program and displays
side application program. the results.
Static web pages are easy to develop Dynamic web page development
requires programming skills

20. What are scripts in web page design?

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]
 4

Scripts are program codes written inside HTML pages Scripting languages
like JavaScript, VB
script, PHP etc are used for it.

21. What is the difference between client and server side scripting ?

Client side scripting is used to perform any task at the client side and is
executed in the
browser.
It is used for validation user end. User can block it. Also the client side
browser affects it.

Server side scripts are executed in the server. The output of the execution
sent to the client
in the form of an HTML page .

The server side scripting is used to connect database etc. The user can’t
block it. The Client
side browser does not affect it

22. If you forgot to type user name /password in e-mail login page, error
quickly displayed. But if the password is wrong response time may be more.
Explain.

User name/password field entry can be checked in client side itself. So it is

fast. But matching of password can be checked only at server side. So the
communication delay may happen.

23. Write short notes on

a). Java Script
b). VB script

a). JavaScript is a client side scripting language which works in almost every
web browser is developed by Brendan Eich. JavaScript can be inserted inside HTML
code or can be written as an external file(with extension .js) and then included
inside HTML file. It can used for validation, simple calculations etc. With the help
of AJAX it can refresh necessary fields without refreshing whole web page.

b). VBScript is developed by Microsoft Corporation. It can be used either as a

client side scripting language for the Microsoft Internet Explorer or as a server side
scripting language with the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). But it is
only work with Windows operating system and Internet Explorer. Now it is a part of
ASP.NET in .NET Frame work.

24. What is Ajax? What is its use?

Ajax is Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language (XML).

With its help a dynamic content can be displayed on web page without reloading

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 5

the entire page. It reduces data transfer. Ajax works only if the browser is able to
handling Javascript.

25. Write short not on PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor is a server side scripting tool originally created

by Rasmus Lerdorf and is now developing by The PHP Group. To execute a PHP
code in server a PHP interpreter is needed. After execution, an HTML page is
generated an send to client browser. One of the strongest and most significant
features in PHP is its support for database programming.

26. Compare ASP and JSP.

Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP) is a server-side scripting environment that

can be used to create and run interactive web applications. It contain HTML and a
scripting language code VBScript or JavaScript. It help in creating web based
applications and support to a variety of databases. But it
executed only on Windows operating systems because it is compiled using a feature
built in Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS).

Java Server Pages (JSP) is a server side scripting language uses Java as
programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. To run JSP, Apache
Tomcat web server is required. The result of execution is an HTML page which is
send to client browser.

27. ASP files are compiled using the web server software ______.
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS).

28. Consider that Manoj is developing a website using PHP that uses a
database in MySQL.
a). What are the requirements to implement this if he is using Linux web
hosting?
b). What will be the difference if we use Windows?

a). LAMP ( Linux for Operating System, Apache for web server, MySQL for
database and PHP)
b). WAMP ( Windows for Operating System, Apache for web server, MySQL for
database and PHP)

29. What is the use of CSS in HTML?

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing
the formatting of a document written in HTML like font, line spacing border,
background etc We can reuse the same code for all the pages.. allows adapting a
web page to devices with different screen sizes such as desktop monitors, tablets or
mobiles. This also reduces the size of the web page thereby providing faster
downloads for web pages. It is also a part of HTML 5.

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 6

30. Embedded CSS codes are placed within the ----- -- part of the HTML
document.
<HEAD>

31.What are the different ways of implementing CSS?

a). In inline style: CSS style is applied to each tag separately

b). Embedded CSS codes are placed within the <HEAD> part
c). Linked CSS using an external file with the file extension .css

32. Which are the sections in an HTML document

<HTML> , <HEAD>, <TITLE> and <BODY>

33. What are Container tags and Empty tags in HTML?

Tags that require opening tag as well as closing tag are known as container tags
Eg.<HTML>
Tags do not require closing tag are known as empty tags
Eg. <BR>

34. Explain attribute of an HTML tag.

The parameters included within the opening tag to provide additional
information like color, size are called attributes. Each tag has a standard set of
attributes and we can use them as per the requirement.
<FONT COLOR=BLUE SIZE=5>

35. What are the attributes of the tag <HTML>?

The main attributes of the <HTML> tag are Dir and Lang.
The Dir attribute specifies the direction of the text to be displayed on the web
page. Its values
are ltr (left-to-right) or rtl (right-to-left).
The Lang attribute specifies the language used within the document.
Eg. <HTML Dir = "rtl" Lang = "en">

36. The default value of Dir attribute of HTML tag is .. … .. …

Ltr

37. What is the difference between background attribute and bgcolor

attributes
of <body> tag?

Background attribute sets an image as background for the documents body.

Bgcolor attribute specifies a colour for the background of the document body

38. What are the methods to specify value of color attribute in HTML?

The value of color attribute can be given in two ways.

a). Specifies the colour with a colour name Eg. color = “Red”
b). Specifies the colour with a hexadecimal code. Eg. color = “ff0000”

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 7

39. State true or false

a. Tags are case sensitive.
b. Bgcolor is an attribute of <BODY> tag.
c. <TITLE> tag is an empty tag.
d. Dir is an attribute of <HEAD> tag.

Ans. a). False b). True c). False d). False

40. Explain the use of the following tags in HTML.

a). Heading tag
b). <p>
c. <center>
Ans.
a). <H1> to <H6> are heading tag in HTML to display headings where <H1>
for large size and <H6> for smallest. It is a container tag with attribute align.
b). The <P> tag enables us to organise the text within the <BODY> tag into
paragraphs. is also a container tag with attribute align.
c). The <CENTER> tag arrange the content to the centre of a web page
centralized. It is a container tag and has no attribute.

41. Explain Text , Link, Alink and Vlink of <Body> tag.

Or

Every web browser has default colors to display text and hyperlink. How
can
we change these default color

Text : it specifies the color of the text content of the page.

Eg: < Body Text =”blue”>

Link : It specifies the colour of the hyperlinks that are not visited . The
default colour is blue.
Alink : It specifies the colour of the active hyperlink( the moment the mouse is
clicked on it). The
default colour is green.
Vlink : It specifies the colour of the hyperlink which is already visited. The
default colour is
purple.

42. Explain <BR> and <HR> tags in HTML.

The <BR> tag is used to creates a line break within the text in a web page. It
is an empty tag.
The <HR> tag produces a horizontal line spread across the width of the
browser window.
The size (thickness) and width (length) of the line using its attributes Size
and Width.
Eg. 1<HR Width= "50%" Align= "center">

43. Name the tag which has Noshade attribute.

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]
 8

<HR> Tag

44. . Explain text formatting tags in HTML.

a) . <B> : This tag sets the text style to bold.

b). <I> : It sets the text style to italics.
c). <U> : It used to underline a text
d). <S> or <STRIKE> : It display the text in strike through style.
e). <BIG> : used to make the content one size bigger than the
current font size.
f). <SMALL> : used to make the content one size smaller
than the
current font size
g). <STRONG> : It is just the same as <B> tag which sets the
text style
to bold
h). <EM> : used to emphasis the text usually make it italics
i). <SUB> : to set the text into subscript form
j). <SUP> : to set the text into super script form
All these tags are container tags.

45. Give short notes on the following HTML tags.

a). <Q> : <Q> tag (Quote tag) is used for short quotations
(quotations that do not require paragraph breaks) enclosed in double quotation
marks with an indent.
b). <BLOCKQUOTE> : <BLOCKQUOTE> is used to indent for long
quotations
c). <PRE> :
d). <ADDRESS> :
e). <DIV> : The <DIV> tag is used for defining a section or a block in
the document. We can group large sections together and format them. The
attributes of <DIV> tag are:
a). Align : sets the horizontal alignment with values left, right, center
b). Id : assigns a unique identifier for the tag
c). Style : indicates of colour, font, etc.

46. Explain the use of the following tags in HTML.

a). <FONT> : This tag allows us to change the size, style and colour of the
text.
Its attributes are,
1). Color : This attribute sets the text colour
2). Face : This attribute specifies the font style.
3). Size : This attribute specifies the font size whose value ranges
from 1 to 7.
b. <MARQUEE> : displays a piece of text or image scrolling horizontally or
vertically in the web page. Its important attributes are,
1). Direction : This specifies the direction in which marquee
should scroll. Its
values are up, down, left or right

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 9

2). Behaviour : This specifies the type of scrolling of the marquee.

Values: scroll, slide, alternate.etc.
3). Scrolldelay : This specifies time delay between each jump.
4). Scrollamount : This specifies the speed of the marquee text.
5). Loop : This specifies how many times the marquee element
should
scroll on the screen.

47. -- -- -- is the normal font size in <FONT> tag?

Ans : 3

48. Write HTML tag to display the following

a). H2O
b). X2
c). a<b
d).a>b
e). ©
f). ™
g). ®
h). &
Ans:
a). H₂O
b). X² + Y² = Z²
c). a@ltb
d). a@gtb
e). &copy
f). &trade
g. &reg
h). &amp

49. How can we add comments in HTML ?

HTML comments are placed within <!-- --> tag. Comments will be completely
ignored by the browser and are not displayed in the browser window.

50. How can we insert a picture in HTML ? What are the attributes of the
tag?

<IMG> tag is used to insert images in HTML pages. It is an empty tag.

Src attribute specifies the file name of the image to be inserted.

Width and Height attributes are used for setting the size of the picture.

Vspace and Hspace, attributes for giving vertical spacing and horizontal
spacing between the images in the web page.

51. Classify the following with suitable headings

a). IIS b). openSUSE b). GWS c). Bluefish e) FreeBSD,e) Apache Server,
f). Microsoft Expression Web d) Oracle Solaris, f). Bootstrap
g). nginx h). Dreamweaver i). Redhat

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 10

Web Server OS Web Server Software Web Designing Software

openSUSE IIS Bluefish
Oracle Solaris GWS Dreamweaver
FreeBSD Apache Server Bootstrap
Redhat nginx Microsoft Expression Web

52. The color code “#000000” makes ………. Color in HTML

Black

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]

 11

Previous Year Exam Questions

1.The default port number of http is

(a) 20 (b) 80 (c) 110 (d) 53

Ans: 80

2. Write HTML tag to set the colour of hyperlink to red .

(a) <A colour=”red” > (b) <A colour=”FF0000” >

(c) <BODY LINK=”Red” > (c)<BODY ALINK=”Red” >

Ans : c

3.
A webpage is created to display the result of engineering entrance examination
.

(a)What type of webpage it is ? (b) Mention any two features of it.

Ans : Dynamic Web page

Write any two features of dynamic web page.

4……….. tag is used to make the size of the text smaller than current text in H
TML.
(a) <b> (b) <small> (c) <sub> (d) <sup>
Ans: b

5. Compare client side scripting and server side scripting.

6. Compare client side scripting and server side scripting languages.
7. Compare static and dynamic webpages.
8. … …. … is a server that act as a bridge between merchant server and bank
server.
9. DNS stands for ……….

Prepared by Anil Kumar, Govt HSS ,Kuzhumathikkad, Kollam [HSSLiVE.IN]