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Islamiyat O'Level Notes

O'level Islamiat Notes Farkhanda Noor Muhammad/Sir Iftikhar, According to Updated Islamiyat Syllabus (2058). Paper 1 and Paper 2
Tropical Islamiyat Notes

Home Major themes of the Quran Prophet Hadis 1-20 Source of Islamic Law History and Importance of Quran

Life of Prophet Articles of Faith

THURSDAY, 22 SEPTEMBER 2016

Source of Islamic Law

SOURCE OF ISLAMIC LAW - HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF QURAN

1.Use of the Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma and Qiyas in Legal Thinking:

QURAN:
Quran is the first source of Islamic law.
It is a primary source which is independent of all sources.
Quran in the divine, eternal and complete word of Allah which is a source of guidance for
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It contains a divine code of conduct for all Muslims which contains teachings for Muslims
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It provides for him the knowledge of right and wrong, of the difference between the
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The Quranic law deals with beliefs, morality, worship, civil transactions, punishment for
intentional injury to the human body, property and honor etcetera. BLOG ARCHIVE
Quoted below, are several injunctions of the Quran which set as guidance for individuals: ▼ 2016 (5)
“Come not nigh to the orphan’s property except to improve it”. This verse explicitly ▼ September (5)
speaks on the importance of how to treat an orphan’s property.
Life and Importance of Prophet
In matters of inheritance, the Quran lays down regulations for a just distribution of wealth Muhammad
left behind a deceased person.
Source of Islamic Law
Theft is prohibited and punishment is laid down. Drinking wine, games of chance and
charging interest are prohibited without a penalty being fixed. History and Importance of
Quran Notes
There are laws concerning false accusations, blood money and retaliation: “we ordained
therein for them; life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth Major Teachings in the Hadis of
and wounds equal foe equal…” the Prophet
The Quranic law is perpetual and everlasting. Cambridge O'Level Islamiyat
It does not change with the passage of time. Pattern (2058)

It is complete and final because no aspect of human life has been left without guidance
and nothing more is needed to supplement all that is provided by it.

Sunnah:
Sunnah of the prophet is the 2nd source of Islamic law.
It comes right next to Quran. Sunnah literally means the sayings, actions or silent
approvals of the Prophet.
Sunnah of the Prophet is not only an elaboration of the meaning of Quran, but also
addresses issues upon which Quran is silent.
Therefore, Sunnah describes a verse of the Quran.
\Whereas, in the second position, if there is no mention of the commandments in Quran,
Sunnah will stand on its own force as the sole basis for law.
As the Muslim community grew, need was felt to supplement the Quran with Sunnah.
Public law, criminal law, property and family law all were elaborated with the help of
Sunnah.
The Quran itself mentions the need to resort to Sunnah in particular methods by
saying: “we have sent the admonition to you (O Muhammad), so that you should
make plain and explain to the people the teachings of the book which has been
sent for them”.
Mentioned below are a few examples to explain how the Sunnah is used as a source of
Islamic law.
The Quran says: “establish regular prayer”.
However, it does not mention the exact method of praying. This void was filled by the
Prophet who taught his companions how to pray and even said “pray as you see me
praying”.
Zakat has been made compulsory in the Quran by saying:“be steadfast in prayers and
give charity”. However, it is Sunnah which defines the exact limits of zakat. “no charity
tax is due on property mounting to less than 5 uqiya, and no charity tax is due on
fewer than 5 camels and no charity tax is due on less than 5 wasq.

IJMA:

Ijma is the third and secondary source of Islamic law. Its literal meaning is unanimous agreement.
Ijma, is basically a consensus of legal experts over a question regarding Islamic law on which the
Quran and Sunnah are silent

However, it must be noted that to perform Ijma, the legal experts must have complete knowledge of
Quran and Sunnah because Ijma of modern experts cannot go against the teachings of Quran and
Sunnah. The scholars should also have in depth knowledge of the previously performed Ijmas and
also of the new problem under consideration.

// Now, I can understand that some of you must be wondering that since the primary sources of
Islamic law are perfect, why need of Ijma. In this regard it is important to understand that though the
Quran and Sunnah are undoubtedly flawless, however there is no harm at all in extending those
very teachings to apply them to problems which the Muslim Ummah faces today. And this, by no
means implies defying or contradicting Quran and Sunnah. //

In fact the Quran itself approve of the Ijma at several instances.

It says: “O you who believe, obey Allah, and Obey His messenger and those charged with
duty amongst you”

Here those charged with duty refers to Islamic scholars, thus proving that their consensus is a
valuable source of Islamic law.

To further clear your understanding, let me quote some examples of previously performed Ijmas:

● During Hazrat Umar’s Caliphate, it was felt that the Muslims had difficulty gathering for
the Friday prayer on just one azaan and so it was decided by the experts to have 2
calls for prayer on Fridays.

● The Tarawwih prayer is prayed throughout Ramadan after Isha in which the whole
Quran is recited. This was the Ijma of the companions of the Prophet during the time
of Hazrat Umar’s Caliphate, to perform 20 rakats of this prayer and this is practiced
even today.

QIYAS:

Qiyas is actually a legal method of deducing one principle from another by comparing them
together. However, please bear in mind that Qiyas can
only be performed of both the Quran and Sunnah are silent on a particular issue and even no Ijma
has been performed. Therefore, the purpose of
Qiyas is primarily to facilitate Muslims to fashion their lives according to Islam in the modern world.
Like Ijma, Qiyas too, finds its approval in the primary sources of Islamic law.

The Quran says: “marry women of your choice, two or three of four; but if you fear you shall not be
able to do justice then only one”

Here the second clause (but if you fear…) allows for humans to apply their own reasoning and chose
for what suits them best, but within the limits defined by Quran. In fact, this is in essence, the true
meaning of Qiyas.

Similarly, the Sunnah also approves of the Qiyas in the following incident:

When the Holy Prophet sent Muadh Ibn Jabal as governor of Yemen, he asked him: “How will you
reach a judgment when a question arises?” Muadh replied: “according to the word of Allah.” “And if
you find nothing therein?” He then replied: “Then according to Sunnah of the messenger of Allah.”
The Prophet again questioned: “And if you find nothing therein?” On this, Muadh said: “Then I shall
take the decision according to my opinion” The Prophet was extremely pleased at his response and
remarked: “Praise be to Allah who has led his messenger to a solution that pleases him”
This anecdote illustrates that the Prophet appreciated the use of one’s analogical deduction – Qiyas
– to deliberate on issues not explained in the Primary sources of Islamic Law.

Qiyas can be divided into 4 portions:

1. Asl: the actual injunction in Quran or Sunnah

2. Illa: reasoning behind the injunction
3. Hukm: the new deduction made
4. Far: the link between the injunction and deduction

Posted by Shahzaib Khan at 10:22

36 comments:

Unknown 30 November 2018 at 22:27

What is the realation of Quran or Sunnah
Reply

Replies

Unknown 30 September 2020 at 14:28

As u can take a example of muad Inn jabal

Unknown 7 April 2022 at 08:44

Sup

Reply

Unknown 9 September 2019 at 22:23

Helpful and simple words used to understand it more easily ...... thanks
Reply

Replies

Unknown 23 October 2020 at 04:36

Yes

Reply

Unknown 15 October 2019 at 17:04

Thbk u
Reply

Replies

Unknown 16 September 2020 at 00:23

do u know spelling of thank you?

Unknown 21 October 2020 at 10:38

Do you have a degree of English huh? Mind ur own business

Unknown 1 November 2020 at 20:59

u guys are lol

Unknown 8 February 2021 at 06:42

what if he does have a degree in english

Unknown 8 February 2021 at 06:42

what does thbk u mean

Unknown 26 September 2021 at 02:25

cringe

Unknown 26 October 2021 at 10:59

pls its a typo chill

Unknown 7 February 2022 at 05:04

Its the note of Islamiat
Please don't judge anyone by their spelling or by anything.

Reply

Change in life is necessary 6 December 2019 at 15:36

thankyou soo much
Reply

IQRA QURAN CENTER 18 July 2020 at 23:04

Nice Post, Thanks for Sharing this great piece of Knowledge
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IQRA QURAN CENTER 18 July 2020 at 23:05

This is a really informative knowledge, Thanks for posting this informative Information.
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moinkhanchouhan 5 September 2020 at 03:26

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Reply

Unknown 18 September 2020 at 02:23

It was very useful
Reply

Unknown 29 September 2020 at 08:37

Nice
Reply

faizanquranacademy 12 October 2020 at 02:32

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Reply

Unknown 20 October 2020 at 12:13

no u
Reply

Replies

Unknown 20 October 2020 at 12:14

yes u

Reply

Unknown 23 October 2020 at 04:38

Thx
Reply

Unknown 1 November 2020 at 21:27

wasnt the second adhan of jumma prayer ordered at the time of uthmans caliphate
Reply

aisha 5 January 2021 at 03:54

thank u so much this is so helpful
Reply

hamza 30 January 2021 at 01:43

thank you!

Reply

Unknown 8 February 2021 at 06:03

you missed so many facts idiot
Reply

Replies

zainab peracha 18 February 2021 at 08:50

SO BAD ITS SO HARSH

Reply

zainab peracha 18 February 2021 at 08:49

CAN YOU EXPLAIN Some Muslim scholars have questioned the use of analogy (qiyas) in
Islamic law.
Why do you think they have done so?

Reply

Wajeeha 1 March 2021 at 03:25

It great
Reply

Unknown 21 March 2021 at 12:21

Really helpful
Reply

Unknown 18 April 2021 at 13:04

thankyou so much..............im studying at mid-night for an exam tommorow and had no
preparation ..................thank youuu
Reply

Unknown 14 August 2021 at 21:52

jazakAllah khair
Reply

Unknown 3 September 2021 at 08:33

i just got the answer for my o level islamiat question. thank you alott
Reply

Madinah Media 14 March 2022 at 07:32

juz amma reading
This translated Mushaf was first published in 1997. It has received outstanding reviews for its
simplified English, accuracy and style. Moreover, its 2000 footnotes and supplemental
subject index are beneficial additions. Furthermore, many notable personalities like Sheik
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quran notes
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