A Review of The 1983 Revision of TM 5-855-1 "Fundamentals of

..- Protective Design" (Nonnuclear)

reeq

C S. A. Kiger and J. P. Balsara

C USAE Waterways Experiment Station

Vicksburg, MS

The current version of the Army TM 5-855-1 calculations, structural design, and includes a
U dated July 1965 is a reprint of former chapter on calculating instructure shock levels.
EM 1110-345-405 dated 1946, and has not been up- The chapters on weapon characteristics and
dated since 1946. Because of the large amount penetration have been updated to include modern
of data on such things as penetration, ground weapons with high slenderness ratios, about 8,
shock, and structural response from conventional while retaining some of the older weapons with
weapons effects collected since World War II, the slenderness ratios of about 3 (see Table 2).
manual has become so outdated it is of limited
usefulness. A revised version of the manual is Table 2. Characteristics of Typical Bombs
needed so that contractors can be furnished ape-
cific guidelines for the design of protect.ive
structures.
The Structural Mechanics Division of the ClamS W(Ib) D(n.) L(in.) C/W% (L/D) W5,W
Structures Laboratory at the Waterways Experiment
Station (WES) has been tasked by the Office, Chief 3.3 2.7
OP 250 260 11 36 48
of Engineers (DOE) to revise the manual.
Dr. Jimmy P. Balsara, WES, is the Project Officer *GP 250 280 0 75 35 8,3 4,4
in charge of the revision, and Mr. Dick White, Up 500 s0 14 45 51 3.2 3.4
OCEO is the Program Monitor. Writing the revised iGP S S50 1 90 86 8,2 5.6
manual has been a joint effort among the WES, the
Army Chemical and Nuclear Agency (CNA)
(Chip er 7), and the USAE Division, Huntsville, GP 1000 1020 19 63 54 2.5 3.6
(END' (Chapter 12). laP 1000 1000 14 120 42 .6 6.5
-2he purpose of this paper is to make poten- GP 2000 2090 23 70 53 3.0 5.0
tial users of the manual aware of the revision,
aware of its scope, and indicate how and when it 'GP 2 2000 16 150 48 83 7.9
can be obtained. Because of space limitations *GP 3000 3000 24 I50 53 7.5 6.6
only a few selected graphs from the manual will SAP 500 510 12 49 30 3.9 4.5
be presented as an indication of its content.
Comparison of the Table of Contents in SAP 1000 1000 15 57 31 3.5 5.6
SAP 2000 2040 I
19 6 27 3.5 7.2
Table 1 with the contents of the original shown
that the revised manual is completely new with AP 1000 1080 12 53 5 4.8 9.5
very little material retained from the original AP 1600 1590 14 V7 15 4.8 10.3
version. For example, the revised manual places
a great deal more emphasis on structural response Figure 1 summarizes the available data, and
Table 1. <Table of Contents. gives a best estimate, on projectile penetration
into rock. This type of presentation provides
-___the user with both a best estimate of a bomb pene-
SCHAPTER I iNTRODUCTIC ' tration, from which ground shock calculations can
be made, and an indication of the uncertainty
CHAPTER 2 'WEAPON CHARACTERIST&C,' associated with the penetration estimate.
CHAPTER 3 (BLAST EFFEOCTSE' A sumnary of data on penetration of mild
CHAPTER 4 (PENETRATION' steel fragments into massive concrete is presented
!A'.•i
PTEC 6 CRA ERI .G_
...AN
. D. . . R
. ..OU D SH CK'r inev iFigure
s i o n , t2.h e Like F~i
s i n of
c u r ve much g the t a i this
2 we r e o b in
u r e material ned
CHAPTER
CHAPTER F
FRAGMENTATION: from another Government publication, in this case
CHAPTER 7 FIRE, INCENDIARY. AND CHEMICAL AGENTS. from Picatinny Arsenal Technical Report 4903,
"CHAPTER 0 'LOAOS ON STRUCTURE L
Sdated December 1975.loads on a buried structure pro-
To calculate
SCHAPTER 9 :,MEG NIC.• STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS' tected by a concrete burster layer, the depth of
CHAPTER 10 "DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES penetration and a coupling factor must be known.
The coupling factor, for an nirburat or penetra-
CHAPTER t1 'IN-STRUCTURE SHOCK ?"" tions up to fully contained in soil or concrete,
CHAPTER 12 AUXILIARY SYGTEMS : can be obtained from Figure 3. This coupling

94.

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 1.4/

1.2

1. 0 / 0
AIr, L

0.6~AI a 1 OIL
$

0.4 I

T/ C0 01PT44Of 4URST. "il ItILS

/Figure 3. Ground shock coupling factor as a

0 function of scaled depth of burst for air,
0 1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8 oil and concret~e

Figure 1. Empirical analysis of projectile

penetration in rock
~,0.5

FRIAGMENT WT.. OZ 40

so 0.4 -

00

0.4

10 U;
2e

A
RA~ioOF:DEat9 OF BURIAL TO SHORT SPAN, D/A

Figure 4. Equivalent uniform load in flexure

co that uniform load that will produce the sameu

structural deflection as a P,(R/r) 3 load disrri-
bution; where P. is the peak free-field stress,
k is the perpendicular distance between the cen-
tar of gravity (c.g.) of the bomb and center of
the structure roof (or well), and r is the slant
distance between the bomb c.g. and a point on the
0 1 2 3 4 6 4 1 0 V 10 11 It structure roof. Tihis concept of an equivalent
GTRikINa VELOCITY, 101PT/590 load for use in simplified structural response
Fiue2. Penetration of mild steel fragmients calculations hue been recently developed at WES
Figre into massive concrete and has been carefully checked against available
data. It is very useful for design calculations
since a worst canse burst position, i.e. near the
factor can be used, along with equations presented center of the roof or wall, is normally essumed.
in the manual to compute free-field stress, im- For aboveground or surface flush structures,
pulse, velocity, acceleration, or displacement. cratering may he move of a thruat than structural
The free-field stresa can then be used along with response. Crater dimensions in reinforced or un-
Figure 4 to estimate ani"equivalent" uniform load reinforced concrete can be estimated from
pon a buried structure. This equivalent load is Figure 5.

95,

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4.5 FCONTROL PANELS 25

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4.0 " DIAMETER (dl ~ ~

2.5 -- TRUE DEPTH

,~(BRECHRG~l...4 -1 10 100 1000

La ti.FREQUENCY, CPS

1.6 Figure 6. Equipment shack resistance

Y \~~'>'camera-ready copy will be furnished the IINDin
1.0 -Q''ý'~"~ July 1983 for publication. Copies of the manual
will be available from the Governmient Printing
DEPTH h (~- Office or through other standard channels for ob-
taining Department of the Army technical manuals.

-0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

oca

Figure 5. Estimated crater dimensions in

massive concrete
As the final example, free-field accelera-
tion, velocity, and displacement can be used along
with the procedures given in Chapter 11 (Instruc-.
tore Shock) to calculate instructure shock spectra.
These @hock spectra can be used in conjunction
with the fragility curves 9hown in Figure 6 to
design shock isolation devices for critical ele-
ments within the protective structure.
The examples shown in Figures 1 through 6 are
a representative sampling from the revised manual.
Refe~rences that these figures were taken from,
or data they were based on, are given in the man-
ual. The intent here Is to show that the manual
attempts to present the most recent developments
in the design of structures to resist conven-
tional weapons effects. Also, the manu~.l is
complete in the sense that, given a conventional
weapon threat, an aboveground or buried struc-
tore can be completed designed to defeat the
threat using only the information contained
in the manual.
The current status ok the revised manual
is that a first draft has been reviewed by a large
sample of tte technical community. Coimments re-
turned from this reviewi have been incorporated
into the manual and a final draft, reflecting the
review comments, will be ready in May 1983. A

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