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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
BIOLOGY
Paper 1

Wednesday 8 May 2019 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
• a scientific calculator.
1

Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 5
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 6
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not 7
want to be marked.
TOTAL
Information
• There are 90 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 . 1 Figure 1 shows a section through a leaf.

Figure 1

Label A and B on Figure 1.

[2 marks]

Choose words from the box.

Guard cell Palisade mesophyll Phloem

Spongy mesophyll Xylem

0 1 . 2 Photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis.

[2 marks]

Choose words from the box.

energy glucose hydrogen oxygen water vapour

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0 1 . 3 Phloem and xylem transport substances to the leaf and from the leaf. box

Draw one line from each tissue to the main substance it transports.
[2 marks]

Tissue Substance

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen
Phloem
Sugar
Xylem
Urea

Water

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0 1 . 4 Figure 2 shows how new strawberry plants can grow. box

The parent plant sends out runners from the stem. New plants can grow at points
along the runner.

Figure 2

Which type of reproduction is shown by the runners of the strawberry plant?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Asexual

Evolution

Inheritance

Sexual

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0 1 . 5 A scientist can also produce new plants using small groups of cells from the original box

strawberry plant.

Name the process.

[1 mark]

0 1 . 6 Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using the process you named in
question 01.5 compared with growing plants from seeds.
[2 marks]

Advantage

Disadvantage

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0 2 Figure 3 shows a food chain. box

Figure 3

0 2 . 1 What is the source of energy for the food chain in Figure 3?

[1 mark]

0 2 . 2 Which diagram shows the pyramid of biomass for the food chain in Figure 3?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

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0 2 . 3 Some biomass is lost at each stage in the food chain. box

In which two ways is biomass lost?

[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.

As food for the chicken

As food for the man

As waste from the chicken

As wheat photosynthesises

As wheat which is not eaten

0 2 . 4 Calculate the total biomass lost in the food chain in Figure 3.

[1 mark]

Total biomass lost = kg

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Figure 4 shows two different ways of growing chickens.

Figure 4

Keeping chickens outside Keeping chickens inside

0 2 . 5 Suggest two reasons why a farmer would keep chickens inside rather than outside.
[2 marks]

0 2 . 6 Suggest one reason why some people disagree with keeping chickens inside.
[1 mark]

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0 3 Figure 5 shows a human skin cell. box

Figure 5

0 3 . 1 Label A and B on Figure 5.

[2 marks]

0 3 . 2 Cells are organised into tissues.

Each tissue has a particular function.

Draw one line from the type of tissue to the function of the tissue.
[2 marks]

Type of tissue Function

Covers some parts of the

body

Insulation
Glandular

Production of enzymes
Muscular and hormones

Movement

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If human heart tissue is damaged, it may not contract properly. box

0 3 . 3 Why is it important for heart tissue to be able to contract?

[1 mark]

0 3 . 4 A group of cells known as the pacemaker controls the rate of heart contraction.

Where is the pacemaker located in the human heart?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Stem cells can be used to treat damaged tissues.

0 3 . 5 What is a stem cell?

[2 marks]

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Scientists have created stem cells from human skin cells. box

0 3 . 6 Name one different source of human stem cells.

[1 mark]

0 3 . 7 Heart disease causes damage to heart tissue.

A damaged heart can be replaced using a donated heart.

It may be possible to replace heart tissue with tissue produced from the patient’s own
skin cells.

Suggest two reasons why heart tissue from stem cells might be better than a donated
heart for treating someone with heart disease.
[2 marks]

0 3 . 8 Stem cells divide rapidly.

Suggest one possible risk of using stem cells in the human body.
[1 mark]

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0 4 Figure 6 shows part of the human digestive system. box

Figure 6

0 4 . 1 Label A and B on Figure 6 using the correct scientific terms.

[2 marks]

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0 4 . 2 Meat is one source of protein in the diet. box

Describe how:
• protein is broken down in the digestive system
• the products of protein digestion are absorbed into the body.
[4 marks]

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A diet high in meat has been linked to an increased risk of cancer of the colon
(large intestine).

Doctors investigated the number of cases of colon cancer compared to daily meat
intake.

Figure 7 shows the results of the study.

Figure 7

0 4 . 3 Draw a line of best fit on Figure 7.

[1 mark]

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0 4 . 4 The doctors concluded that there was a link between a diet high in meat and box

colon cancer.

Evaluate the doctors’ conclusion.

Use information from Figure 7.

[3 marks]

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0 4 . 5 Microscopes can be used to look at tissues to see if cancerous cells have developed. box

Figure 8 shows sections through the lining of the colon from two people.

Figure 8

Describe two differences between the normal colon tissue and the cancerous colon
tissue in Figure 8.
[2 marks]

Cancerous cells divide by mitosis.

0 4 . 6 Describe what happens when a cell divides by mitosis.

[2 marks]

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0 4 . 7 Mitotic index is a measure of the rate at which cells are dividing by mitosis. box

Mitotic index is determined by examining cells under a microscope.

Chromosomes are visible in cells which are dividing.

Figure 9 shows cells dividing by mitosis.

Figure 9

Calculate the mitotic index of the cells in Figure 9.

Use the equation

number of dividing cells

Mitotic index =
total number of cells
[2 marks]

Mitotic index =

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0 4 . 8 Scientists investigated the effectiveness of two drugs in the treatment of colon cancer. box

The drugs stop mitosis and cause cells to die.

Each drug was tested on its own and combined together. The tests were carried out
on four different types of colon tumour cells.

Table 1 shows the results.

Table 1

Percentage (%) of cells that died

Cell type Drug X Drug Y Drug X and Y
1 52 64 78
2 59 55 66
3 62 52 72
4 42 41 44

Evaluate the use of drugs X and Y in the treatment of colon cancer.

Use calculations from the data in Table 1 in your answer.

[4 marks]

20

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0 5 Sports scientists investigated the fitness levels of men. box

The scientists tested 50 men at each of five different ages.

This is the method used.

1. Count the number of breaths taken in during one minute.

2. Repeat step 1 two more times and calculate a mean breathing rate per minute.
3. Swim 100 m as fast as possible.
4. Measure and calculate the mean breathing rate per minute after exercise.
5. Calculate the percentage increase in breathing rate.

Table 2 shows the results.

Table 2

Mean breathing Mean breathing

Percentage increase in
Age in years rate per minute rate per minute
breathing rate (%)
before exercise after exercise
15 16 35 119
20 14 40 186
25 15 44 193
35 17 49
45 20 50 150

0 5 . 1 Calculate the percentage increase in breathing rate for 35-year-olds.

[2 marks]

Percentage increase = %

0 5 . 2 Explain why the increase in breathing rate for each age group is given as a
percentage.
[2 marks]

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0 5 . 3 Give one variable that was controlled during the investigation. box

[1 mark]

0 5 . 4 The scientists used the mean percentage increase in breathing rate as a measure of
fitness.

Suggest one other way the fitness of these men could have been determined.
[1 mark]

0 5 . 5 The body reacts to an increased demand for energy during exercise.

Explain how the body responds to meet the demand for energy during exercise.

Do not refer to changes in breathing rate.

[4 marks]

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0 5 . 6 The lower the percentage increase in breathing rate, the fitter the men are. box

Men aged 25 years = 193% increase in breathing rate.

Men aged 20 years = 186% increase in breathing rate.

The scientists concluded that men aged 20 were significantly fitter than those
aged 25.

The scientists used a statistical test (S) to see if their conclusion was justified.

This test shows if there is a significant difference between two sets of results.

The test is calculated using the equation

[percentage increase in breathing rate at age A – percentage increase in breathing rate at age B]
S=
2

Calculate S for ages 25 and 20 where:

• Age A = 25
• Age B = 20

[2 marks]

S=

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0 5 . 7 The value of S is compared to a critical value. box

If S is greater than the critical value then the results are significantly different.

Table 3 shows the critical values.

Table 3

Number of age groups Critical value

2 12.71
3 4.30
4 3.18

What can you conclude from the data on percentage increase in breathing rate for
20 and 25 year old men?

Give a reason for your answer.

[1 mark]

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0 6 Genes control the characteristics of an organism. box

0 6 . 1 What is a gene?
[1 mark]

Early onset Alzheimer’s (EOA) is an inherited disorder which causes severe memory
loss.

In one form of EOA, a mutation leads to the production of a changed amyloid beta
(AB) protein.

The mutation leads to a changed DNA sequence in the AB gene.

0 6 . 2 Explain how the mutation could result in a change to the AB protein.

[3 marks]

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AB protein is important for the synapses in the nervous system to work correctly. box

Figure 10 shows how the percentage of changed AB protein affects the proportion of
synapses that do not work correctly.

Figure 10

0 6 . 3 The proportion of synapses that do work decreases between 40% and 80% changed
AB protein.

Calculate the percentage decrease in the proportion of synapses that do work

between 40% changed AB protein and 80% changed AB protein.
[3 marks]

Percentage decrease = %

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When synapses do not respond to a stimulus for a long period of time, the nerve cells box

connected to the synapse die.

Figure 11 shows scans of two brains.

Figure 11

0 6 . 4 Suggest why loss of memory occurs in a person with EOA.

Use information from Figure 10, on page 25, and Figure 11 above.
[4 marks]

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People at risk of developing EOA can be offered genetic screening. box
Genetic screening shows if the mutation for AB is present or not.

Figure 12 outlines the process involved in genetic screening.

Figure 12

0 6 . 5 Why is the patient’s DNA compared to normal DNA?

[1 mark]

0 6 . 6 People who have EOA in their family can choose whether or not to have genetic
screening.

Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of genetic screening for the family.
[2 marks]

Advantage

Disadvantage

14

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0 7 Development around a lake led to an increase of sewage. box

The biodiversity in the lake rapidly declined.

0 7 . 1 Explain why an increase in sewage entering the lake reduces the biodiversity in the
lake.
[5 marks]

A study was carried out to investigate the quality of the lake water at different times of
the year.

This is the method used.

1. Choose six sites on the lake and collect water samples at a depth of 5 m.
2. Record dissolved oxygen concentration and water temperature.
3. Store water samples at ˗ 4 °C.
4. Measure nitrate ion concentrations.
5. Repeat steps 1 – 4 at various times in the year.

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Figure 13 shows the results. box

Figure 13

0 7 . 2 Suggest why the water samples were stored at ˗ 4 °C.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 3 Describe two trends in Figure 13.

Use data in your answer.

[2 marks]

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0 7 . 4 A sample of lake water was collected in October. box

The sample was evaporated to dryness in a conical flask.

The mass of solids remaining can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved
solids in the lake water.

Table 4 shows the results.

Table 4

Volume of water in dm3 0.5

Mass of empty flask in g 145.988
Mass of flask and water in g 651.341
Mass of dried flask in g 146.076

Calculate the concentration of dissolved solids in the water sample from the lake.

Give your answer in mg per dm3

[3 marks]

Concentration of dissolved solids = mg per dm3

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0 7 . 5 July is summer at the lake. box

Suggest why the dissolved oxygen concentration is lowest at this time.

[2 marks]

13

END OF QUESTIONS

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