Rules on Linking Words for HSC Exam

What is linkers : Link অর্থ যুক্ত করা। Linker অর্থ যুক্তকারী।যেসব word বা phrase word-এর সঙ্গে word, phrase-
এর সঙ্গেphrase এবং sentence-এর সঙ্গে sentence-এর সংযোগ ঘটিয়েথাকে, তাকে linkers বলে। যেমন:
i. I know the girl who has come here.
ii. It is a month since I came here.

Rule-1 : And/ as well as/ along with/ together with এবং.: এধরনের linker দুটি noun/ verb/ adjective/ adverb/preposition-
এর মাঝে সংযোজক হিসেবে ব্যবহূত হয়।যেমন:
a. Sumon together with Lalchand came to my office.
b. The teacher as well as the students was present.
c. The students went to the principal and demanded new facilities in their college library.
d. The boy as well as his brothers has come.
e. Mr. Hassan along with his son visited our house.

Rule-2: Not only ... but also শুধু নয় ... আরও.: দুটি বিষয়, বস্তু,ঘটনা ইত্যাদির শুধু একটি নয়, অপরটিও হয়—
এমন বোঝাতেপ্রথমটির আগে not only এবং পরেরটির আগে but also বসেবিস্তারিত আলোচনা, completing sentence
parts অংশে দেখো.।যেমন:
a. Not only Tanny but also Tania is now going to America this year.
b. The boy is not only lazy but also dirty.
c. Faruk not only reads novels but also plays tennis.
d. Shamim works not only irregularly but also carelessly.
e. Minhaj is not only a student but also a business man.

Rule-3 : Either ... or হয় ... অথবা.: দুটির/ দুজনের মধ্যে হয়একটি/ একজন অথবা অন্যটি/ অন্যজন—
এ রকম বোঝাতে এ linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Either I or my friend will raise the flag.
b. Either he or his brothers are guilty.
c. You can either study or sleep.
d. Either Maliha or Samia will present the meeting.
e. He is either mad or foolish.

Rule-4 : Neither ... nor এটাও নয় ... ওটাও নয়.: দুটি বিষয়ের/বস্তুর বা দুই ব্যক্তির কেউই নয়/ কোনটিই নয়—
এমন বোঝাতে এই linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Neither Rana nor his sister passed.
b. Neither the teachers nor the students were present.
c. Neither you nor he is responsible.
d. Neither the teachers nor the students missed the programme in the college.
e. He neither did the work nor asked others to do this.

Rule-5 : ... Both ...

and ... এবং ... উভয়েই/ উভয়টিই.: দুটি বস্তু/বিষয় বা দুই ব্যক্তি/ পক্ষের উভয়টি/ উভয়কেই বোঝাতে এই linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Both my friend and cousin came on the occasion of my birthday.
b. I took both accounting and marketing as my major courses.
c. He is both honest and kind.
d. Both Anik and Jotisko are intelligent.
e. Both the teacher and the student were absent.

Rule-6 Relative pronouns. : Who, which, that, what, whom, whose এই Pronoun-গুলো Sub-ordinating
Conjunction হিসেবে দুটি পৃথক বাক্যকে একটি বাক্যে পরিণতকরে। যেমন:
a. The man who came here yesterday is my brother.
b. This is the book which is now out of print.
c. I do not know what they want.
d. Mr. Kalam is a businessman who works mainly with the foreigners.
e. This is the boy whose pen has been lost.
Rule-7 Participles. : কোনো Incomplete expression বাPredication-কে Complete করতে Infinitive-এর বিকল্প হিসেবেParticiple-
কে ব্যবহার করা যায়। যেমন:
a. To be Infinitive. and expert singer, he tries to sing well.
b. Being Participle. an expert singer, he tries to sing well.
c. Being Present Participle. a man of letters, Mr. Kalam is working for the removal of illiteracy.
d. Brought Past Participle. up in America, Shila likes to stick to American culture.
e. Having completed Perfect Participle. the work, we got our payment.

Rule-8 : Including, Consisting of, Comprising অন্তর্ভু ক্তকরে.: অন্তর্ভু ক্ত রয়েছে, এমন বিষয় বা বস্তুর আগে এই Linkers-
গুলোব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Both the schools comprising engineers and geologists do not rule out the possibility of a major earthquake.
b. He published all his writing including his autobiography.
c. The newly formed committee has been declared comprising the experts in archeology.
d. The family consisting of five members live in this house.
e. The team consisting of 11 members won the game.

Rule-9 : As a result/ for this/ for this reason/ that is why/ this is why/ thus/ as a consequence/ consequently/ therefore/ so/
hence কারণে/ ফলে/ এভাবে/ তাই.: Clause/
Sentence দ্বারা কোনো কিছুর কারণ বোঝালে সেই কারণে সংঘটিতপ্রভাবের আগে উপরোক্ত Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a.
Bangladesh is a small country. So, she cannot house her large population.
b. Many dishonest businessmen hoard the daily commodities. As a result, the prices of them lie at an imbalanced rate.
c. He walked slowly. For this/ For this reason/ That is why/ Thus/ Therefore/ he failed to reach the station in time.
d. Despite my warning he violated my instruction. As a consequence/ Consequently/ Hence/ Therefore/ For this/ For this
reason/ That is why/ Thus/ As a result/ So, he had to suffer much.

Rule-10 : In short/ in brief/ in a few words/ in a word/ in a nutshell/ in fine/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ to summarize/ on the
whole সংক্ষেপে/ এককথায় বলতে গেলে.: পূর্বে আলোচিতকোনো বক্তব্যের ইতি টানতে তার পূর্বে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূতহয়। যেমন:
a. His whole family depends on him. He is the only earning member of his family. In a word, he is the umbrella of his
family.
b. Bangladesh is a small country. She has a large population. She cannot ensure the basic rights of her citizens. People
are mostly poor here. Most of them are illiterate. In short/ In brief/ In a word/ In a nutshell/ In fine/ In conclusion/ To
conclude/ To sum up/ To summarize/ On the whole, Bangladesh is burdened with many problems.

Rule-11 : In other words/ in the other

way অন্য কথায়/অন্যভাবে বলতে গেলে.: কোনো বক্তব্যকে একবার লিখে একইবক্তব্যকে অন্যভাবে প্রকাশ করতে হলে এই Linkers-
গুলো ব্যবহূতহয়। যেমন: a. The students do not try to understand English. In other words, they are going from bad to worse.
b. His crazy activities were crossing all limits. In other words, he was almost mad.
c. May students do not prepare themselves for the examination. In other words/ in the other way, they adopt unfair means
in the examination.

Rule-12 : Moreover/ besides/ in addition/ in a addition to that/ further more/ in addition to/
again তা ছাড়া/ অধিকন্তু/আবার.: আগের বক্তব্যের সঙ্গে আরও বক্তব্য সংযুক্ত করতে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. The man has a big flat. Besides this, he has a car.
b. Our country is a beautiful country. Moreover, she is full of natural recourses.
c. Besides a colour television, the bridegroom demanded a motorcycle.
d. Bangladesh is a small country. It has a huge population. Poverty is its main problem. Moreover/ Besides/ In addition to
that/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Again natural disasters have become its part and parcel.

Rule-13 : at the same time/ after that/ subsequently/ Then/

coincidentally একই সময়ে/ যুগপত্ভাবে.: একই সময়েসংঘটিত দুটি বিষয়ের মধ্যে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. Rahim
was reading a book. At the same time, Karim was writing a letter to his mother.
b. I saw the boys. They were then playing football in the school filed.
c. He told me everything. After that, I had nothing to say.
d. He committed a blunder. Subsequently, he had to pay.
e. It was not pre-planned. I just met him coincidentally.

Rule-14 : At the end/ at last/ at length/ finally/ lastly/ at the eleventh hour/ eventually/ last of all অবশেষে/ সবশেষে.: ধারাবাহিক
কোনো ঘটনার মধ্যে সর্বশেষ ঘটনা বা বিষয়টির আগে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. The old sailor prayed for seven days. At last, God took pity on the old sailor.
b. I worked hard. I made all needful corrections in the book. I drew the attention of all the teachers of English countrywide.
At the end/ At last/ At length/ Finally/ Lastly/ Last of all/ In the end, I could achieve a dramatic success.
c. At the eleventh hour, he came to me with the request. I could not entertain it.
d. He made useless efforts. Eventually, everything failed.
e. The govt. should take some necessary steps to remove illiteracy from the country. Secondly, there should be an
awareness making programme through out the country.

Rule-15 : Too/ also/ as well আরও.: আরও কোনো কিছু ঘটতে পারে; অধিক ঘটনা বা বস্তুকে উল্লেখ করার পর এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়।
তবে also-কে Sentence-এর শুরুতে, মাঝে, এমনকি শেষেও ব্যবহার করা যায়।
a. He needs a pen. He also needs a book.
b. Karim is a good student. Rahim is also a good student.
c. He is going to school today. You can go as well.
d. He is a singer. He is an actor too.
e. He told the matter in detail. He helped me also.

Rule-16 : At present/ at the present time/ presently/ now a days বর্ত মানে/ আজকাল.: বর্ত মান সময়ে ঘটছে, এমন বোঝাতে এই Linkers-
গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়।
a. At present, the condition of the farmers is not good at all.
b. At present, women contribute to the society remarkably.
c. Now a days the green house effect has appeared as a great threat to our existence.
d. He is waiting for me for a long time. So, I have to meet him presently.
e. At the present time I have no cash in hand.

Rule-17 : firstly/ secondly/ thirdly প্রথমত/ দ্বিতীয়ত.: কোনো বক্তব্যকে ধারাবাহিকভাবে লিখতে গেলে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: a. There are many ways to solve the food problem in Bangladesh. Firstly, we must sustain the present production of
food. Secondly, we must control the rapid population growth. Thirdly, steps should be taken against the fragmentation of
land. Fourthly, modern and scientific method of cultivation should be introduced.
Rule-18 : But/ On the other hand/ On the contrary/ Instead of that/ Whereas/ In contrast কিন্তু/ অন্য দিকে.: পূর্বে লিখিত কোনো
বক্তব্যের বিপরীতে কোনো বক্তব্য লিখতে গেলে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: a. I expected you that day. But you did not come.
b. He is poor. Whereas his own brother is a rich business man.
c. I do not like him. But he likes me very much.
d. Dhaka is over-populated. On the other hand/ On the contrary/ In contrast/ In contrast with this/ whereas, Khulna is less
populated.
e. I asked him for some money. In stead of that, he gave me some advice.

Rule-19 : Otherwise/ lest অন্যথায়/ পাছে.: একটি ঘটনা না ঘটলে বা একটি কাজ না হলে অপর ঘটনাটি ঘটে বা ঘটতে পারে—এমন বোঝাতে দুটি
ঘটনা বা কাজের মধ্যে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়।
যেমন: a. Read attentively lest you should fail in the examination.
b. They walked fast lest they should miss the train.
c. Hurry up lest you should miss the bus.
d. Do it in time. Otherwise you will be punished.
e. Walk fast lest you should miss the train.

Rule-20 : For instance/ for example/ such as/ like/ namely/ that is to say যেমন/ অর্থা ৎ .: উদাহরণ হিসেবে কিছু তথ্য যোগ করতে এ
ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. People of the developing country do not enjoy their basic right such as freedom of movement, freedom of speech etc.
b. Bangladesh is a developing country. Its GDP rate is growing very fast. For instance/ For example, it is earning a huge
amount of foreign currency from its various sectors namely man-power, garments and leather. That is to say, it has
achieved a dramatic output from these sectors. Other sectors are also promising like these sectors such as jute,
handicrafts, shrimps etc.

Rule-21 : first of all/ initially/ primarily/ in the beginning/ at the start/ in the first place সর্ব প্রথম/ শুরুতে.: ধারাবাহিক/ পর্যায়ক্রমিক
বক্তব্যকে লিখতে গেলে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Some steps should be taken to control population in the beginning.
b. Some steps should be taken to control traffic in Dhaka city.
c. First of all/ In the first place any violation of traffic signal must be taken seriously.
d. Initially/ At the start/ Primarily/ In the beginning, it might be difficult.

Rule-22 : always/ Usually/ generally/ as usual/ most often/ very often/ frequently/ sometimes/ at times সর্বদা/ সাধারণত/ প্রায়ই/
মাঝেমধ্যে.: যে ঘটনা সর্বদা বা প্রায়ই বা মাঝেমধ্যে ঘটে, যে বৈশিষ্ট্য কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বিষয়ের জন্য প্রায়ই সত্য, সেই ঘটনা বা বৈশিষ্ট্যসম্পন্ন বাক্যে এ
ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. I do not like him. But he comes here frequently.
b. Nothing can cure him. He takes drugs frequently.
c. They have defeated us this time. They cannot defeat us always.
d. He is a very simple and polite man as usual.
e. He usually/ always/ generally/ as usual/ most often/ very often/ often/ sometimes/ at times gets up from bed early in the
morning.
Rule-23 : After পরে.: দুটি কাজ বা ঘটনার মধ্যে যেটি আগে হয়েছে বা হয় বা হবে, তার আগে After বসে। যেমন:
a. The students came to college after the bell had rung.
b. The patient died after the doctor had come.
c. After he had passed his M.A. he joined a multinational company.
d. His father died after he had left the hospital.
e. We reached the station after the train had left.

Rule-24 : Before/ prior to that পূর্বে.: পূর্বে হয়েছে, এমন কাজ বা ঘটনাকে পরে ঘটেছে এমন কাজ বা ঘটনার সঙ্গে যুক্ত করতে before ব্যবহার করা
হয়। যেমন:
a. The patient had died before the doctor came.
b. We had reached the station before the train left.
c. The sun had set before we reached home.
d. Before the doctor came, the patient had died.
e. The talked to us. Prior to that, they invited us.

Rule-25 : Thus/ in this way এভাবে. ঃ কোনো ঘটনা কীভাবে ঘটে বা ঘটেছে, তার বিবরণপরবর্তী সময়ে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়।
a. Most of the people of our country are illiterate. Many of them are lazy and inactive. In this way, they become poor.
b. They went to the station. They booked some tickets there. Then they reached the station on the certain day. Thus they
started their train journey.

Rule-26 : When/ while যখন.: একই সময়ে সংঘটিত দুটি কাজের একটির আগে এ ধরনের Linker বসে। While-পরবর্তী Clause-টি সাধারণত
Continuous-এর হয়। যেমন: a. When I came to college, I saw him.
b. While I was sleeping, the phone rang.
c. He met me while I was going to market.
d. When it was summer, we went on a tour.
e. When the train had left, we reached the station.

Rule-27 : However/ nevertheless/ after all যা-ই হোক, মোটের ওপর.: আগে লেখা কোনো বক্তব্যের সাপেক্ষে কিছুটা বা পুরোপুরি বিপরীত বা
আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু লিখতে চাইলে তার আগে এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. You should not disobey him. After all, he is your
father. b. You are so late. However, you can start your work now. c. Television has some demerits. Nevertheless, it is
considered to be a wonder of modern science.
d. You cannot dishonour him. After all, he is your senior.
e. I invited him. Nevertheless, he did not attend the function.

Rule-28 : In case যদি., In any case যেকোনো অবস্থায়.: যদি অথবা যেকোন অবস্থায় কোনো কিছু করা হয়/ হয়েছিল/ হবে বুঝালে এই Linkers
ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. In case you come, I will go there.
b. In case of emergency, you may call me.
c. In any case, I will attend the meeting.
Try yourself :
d. —, I will help you in your danger.
e. Do not worry. They will talk to you —.

Rule-29 : Really/ actually/ indeed/ in fact/ of course অবশ্যই, প্রকৃ তপক্ষে, বস্তুত.: কোনো বক্তব্যের ভিত্তি সম্পর্কে নিশ্চয়তা বা সত্যতা বা
গুরুত্বের যথার্থতা প্রকাশে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Nobody respects Mr. Rashed. In fact, he is not an honest man.
b. He was silent despite all my questions. Actually/ Indeed/ In fact/ Really, he had nothing to say.
c. Bangladesh has to solve the problem of poverty. Of course, it is possible through sincere and pragmatic efforts and
steps.
Try yourself :
d. —, Bangladesh is a country of problems.
e. He finished the work in time. —, we can depend on him.

Rule-30 : Another/ the other/ the latter অন্যটি, পরবর্তীটি.: দুটি বিষয়/ বস্তু/ দুজন ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পরবর্তীটি বা পরবর্তীজনের আগে এই
Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Kamal and Hassan are very bright students. The latter is also a good player.
b. There are two most important causes of sound pollution. One is the growth of urban population. The other is the
increasing use of machines in our everyday life.
Try yourself :
a. Mr. Rahman and Mr. Kamal were school-friends. — is now working in a foreign mission.

Rule-31 : Rather বরং.: কোনো কিছুতে জোর দেওয়ার জন্য এই Linker-টি ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন: a. You would rather starve than steal.
b. I would rather die than beg.
c. Bangladesh is not a rich country. Rather, it is a poor country.
Try yourself :
a. Though the students are weak in English, they do not put emphasis on this subject. —, they avoid it.

Rule-32 : Similarly, in the same way, alike অনুরূপভাবে/ একইভাবে.: আগে কোনো কিছু লেখা হয়েছে, তার সঙ্গে মিল রেখে কিছু ঘটছে বা ঘটবে
—এমন কিছু লিখতে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. Shamim turned the wheel. Similarly, his brother did.
b. You have done the work nicely. He has done the work similarly/ in the same way.
c. You should address the problem immediately. We should do alike.
Try yourself :
a. I bought a new car—, my friend bought another one.
b. The wind rotates turbine—, the turbine generates power.

Rule-33 : According to/ in accordance with/ accordingly অনুসারে/ অনুযায়ী.: আগের কোনো কাজ/ ঘটনা/ বিষয়বস্তুর সঙ্গে তাল মিলিয়ে
কোনো কাজ/ ঘটনা সম্পাদিত হলে এই Linkers ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. According to me, Khaled is not only a good student but also a
good player. b. I talked to them according to the instruction of my boss.
c. In accordance with the UNESCO’S declaration, International Mother Language Day is celebrated all over the world.
Try yourself :
a. I told him to complete the work in time. He completed the work —
b. One should lead himself — the law and order of the country.

Rule-34 : পর্যন্ত অর্থে Till এবং যে পর্যন্ত না অর্েথ Until ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Pray to Allah till the sunrise.
b. Study hard till you learn the lesson.
c. He was working until I come back.
Try yourself :
a. Wait here — I come back.
b. We studied — the teacher left.

Rule-35: Still/till now/even now এখনো/এখন পর্যন্ত.: এখনো বা এখন পর্যন্ত চলছে, তা বোঝাতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. The teacher is discussing the importance of learning English even now.
b. He is still sleeping. Till now, he has not finished the work.
c. We are discussing the problem even now.
Try yourself: a. The students are playing in the field ....... .
b. Rupa and Ripa are ........ gossiping.

Rule-36 : Suddenly/ all on a sudden হঠাৎ.: হঠাৎ ঘটে যাওয়া কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনার পূর্বে বা পরে এই Linkers-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. That day we were reading in our room. Suddenly, we heard them crying.
b. We were walking along the street. Suddenly a man came to us running.
c. The man jumped into the river and drowned. This happened all on a sudden.
Try yourself : a. The students were playing in the playground........., the headmaster came there and took them to class.
b. The goats were grazing. A tiger came and took away one. It happened.......... .
Rule-37 : if/ even if/ Unless যদি/ এমনকি যদি/ যদি না.: যদি/ এমনকি যদি/ যদি না অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a.
If I had enough money, I would establish a college in my village.
b. Unless you work hard you will not shine in life.
c. You won’t be paid unless you do your duty well.
Try yourself :
a. — he arrived in time, he would meet the chairman.
b. We will go out — it rains.

Rule-38: Above all সর্বোপরি.: সামগ্রিকভাবে কোনো কিছুকে প্রাধান্য দিয়ে লিখতে গেলে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Above all, he was a very honest man.
b. There was a remarkable turn out in the last Parliamentary election. Above all, people enjoyed the election as a
celebration.
Try yourself :
c. —, they are willing to go there.
d. —, the problems of your country are increasing.

Rule-39: Undoubtedly/no doubt/ surely /of course/certainly/truly speaking নিঃসন্দেহে/ নিশ্চিতভাবে/ অবশ্যই.: নিঃসন্দেহে/ নিশ্চিতভাবে/
অবশ্যই—এমন বক্তব্য প্রকাশ করতে এ ধরনের Linkiers ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. Undoubtedly you are wrong.
b. Undoubtedly/ no doubt/ surely/ It is needless to say that/ It needs no telling that/ truly speaking, almost all the countries
of the world are under a constant threat of terrorism.
Try yourself : a. It needs no telling that women have proved their worth everywhere. —, they have done so.
b. Parvez committed mistake —.

Rule-40 : Whoever যে-ই হোক.: কোনো ব্যক্তির ব্যক্তিপরিচয় অনিশ্চিত হলে এই Linker-টি তার পূর্বে ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Whoever is present here, he/she should listen to our request.
b. Whoever you are, I won’t respect you.

Rule-41 : Unfortunately/ unluckily দুর্ভাগ্যজনকভাবে.: কোনো ঘটনা বা বিষয় দুর্ভাগ্যজনক হলে তা প্রকাশে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. We went to meet the Principal. Unfortunately, we did not get him at his office.
b. He was missing. Luckily/ Fortunately, I found him in a park.
c. I walked fast. Unluckily, I missed the train.

Rule-42 : Whatever যা-ই হোক.: কোনো বিষয়/ বস্তুর পরিচয় অনিশ্চিত হলে তার পূর্বে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Whatever you want, it must be legal.
b. Whatever your ambition is, it should be honest.
c. Whatever he wants can never be met.

Rule-43 : In order to/ to উদ্দেশে.: যে কাজের উদ্দেশে কোনো কিছু করা হবে বা হয় বা হয়েছে, উদ্দেশ-প্রকাশক সেই Verb-এর আগে in order to/ to
বসে। যেমন:
a. She went to market in order to buy a book.
b. Many people go abroad in order to enjoy better opportunities.
c. He came here in order to talk to us.

Rule-44 : So that/ in order that যাতে.: উদ্দেশ-প্রকাশক Sub-ordinate Clause-এর আগে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহার করে Principal
Clause-এর সঙ্গে যুক্ত করা হয়। যেমন: a. He is reading attentively so that he can get GPA-5.
b. The man started his journey earlier so that he might reach his destination in time.
c. Della sold her hair in order that she could buy a gift for her husband.

Rule-45 : That যে/ যা/ যেটা.: যে/ যা/ যেটা বুঝিয়ে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. We know that he is a freedom fighter.
b. That the man is dishonest is known to all.
c. We know that he is a godfather.
d. It is said that honesty is the best policy.

Rule-46 : Whether/ whether ... or কিনা.: নিশ্চিত নয়, এমন বিষয়, বস্তু, ঘটনা বা ব্যক্তির আগে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. I do not know whether she will come or not.
b. The man asked me whether I had completed the work.
c. I do not know whether he is honest or dishonest.

Rule-47 : Whenever যখনই হোক.: অনিশ্চিত সময়-প্রকাশক ঘটনা, কাজ বা কালের পূর্বে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. Whenever you need me, just make a phone call.
b. Inform him of the matter whenever he comes.

Rule-48 : Wherever যেখানেই হোক.: অনির্ধারিত বা অজ্ঞাত স্থানকে প্রকাশ করতে এই Linker-টি ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন:
a. Wherever he goes for help, nobody helps him.
b. Wherever you go, I will always be with you.

Rule-49 : As/ since/ because/ because of/ for/ on account of/ due to/ owing to যেহেতু / কারণে.: যেহেতু / কারণে প্রকাশক Clause-এর
পূর্বে এই Linker-গুলো ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. I could not go out because of/ owing to the heavy rainfall.
b. As/ since the weather was rough, we cancelled our journey.
c. Because of his hard labour and perseverance, Ismail Hossain succeeded in life.
d. I went to his house because/ as/ for I was invited.
e. I could not go to school on account of my illness.

Rule-50 : In any way/ any how/ by all means যেকোনোভাবে.: যে কোনভাবে/ যেকোনো উপায়ে কোনো কাজ করতে চাইলে বা করা হবে বা করা
হয়েছে, এমন বোঝাতে এ ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন:
a. You are in problems now. I will help you any how.
b. We will make the programme successful by any means/ by all means.
c. The problem is serious. In any way, we have to solve it.

Rule-51 : Enough to যথেষ্ট.: কোনো বৈশিষ্ট্যের পর্যাপ্ততা বা অপর্যাপ্ততার কারণে কোনো কাজ সংঘটিত হলে বা না হলে সেই কাজের Verb-টির আগে
এই Linker-টি বসে। যেমন: a. She was not meritorious enough to get GPA-5.
b. The girl is intelligent enough to understand the questions.
c. He is not strong enough to carry the load.

Rule-52 : Though/ although যদিও.: দুটি বিপরীতধর্মী Clause-কে যুক্ত করতে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. Though worked hard,
he could not get GPA-5.
b. Though the man is rich, he is not happy.
c. They could not catch the train although they hurried a bit.

Rule-53 : In spite of/ despite সত্ত্বেও.: একটি Sentence/ Clause-এর সঙ্গে অপর একটি বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশ করা Pharase-কে যুক্ত করতে এ
ধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. In spite of his hard labour, Kawsar could not reached his goal.
b. He attended the meeting despite being sick.
c. In spite of his illness, he attended the meeting.

Rule-54 : Once/ once upon a time/ many days ago/ long long ago/ in ancient time/ in the
past একদা, অনেক দিন আগে, অতীতে.: অনেক দিন আগে, অতীতে ঘটেছে এমন ঘটনা/ কাজ প্রকাশে এধরনের Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. Once
upon a time there was a powerful king in Bangladesh. b. Once/ Once upon a time/ Many days ago/ Long long ago/ In
ancient time there lived a king who was fond of knowing his future from astrologers.
c. In the past we had much but now we have very less.

Rule-55 : Yet তার পরেও.: বিপরীতধর্মী বা বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশক কোনো কাজ, ঘটনা বা বৈশিষ্ট্য প্রকাশকরতে এই Linker ব্যবহূত হয়। যেমন: a. I
hold him several times to complete the work. Yet, he did not do it. b. Many things are changing now. Yet people are here
still quite polite and friendly. c. He is poor, yet he is happy.

Rule-56 : As if/ as though/ as it were যেন.: কারও কাজ বা কোনো ঘটনা দেখে কিছু মনে হলে তা এই Linker-
এর পরে ব্যবহার করা হয়। যেমন: a. He talks as if/ as though he were a great scholar.
b. They shouted as if they had seen a ghost. c. The sun is, as it were, the lamp of the universe. d. He talks as if/as though
he were a mad.

Rule-57 : To the last/ till the end/ to a close শেষ পর্যন্ত.: শেষ পর্যন্ত যা করা হয়েছে বা হবে—এমনকাজ বা ঘটনা লেখার শেষে এ Linker-
গুলো বসে। যেমন: a. All the audience were present till the end. b. We fought to the last to save our country. c. He was
present in the meeting till the end. d. The martyrs fought against the invading Pakistani army till the end/ to the last.
e. The function came to a close at six pm.
 Practice Corner
01. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1×5=5
beside although in order to as because of hence though
It has been a great challenge for Bangladesh (a) ___ it is losing 80 thousand hectores of cultivable land each year (b) ___ the increase
of population. (c) ___ river erosion and non-agricultural uses contribute to the diminishing of agricultural land. (d) ___ some lands are
added to our agricultural lands, we have also lost many lands. (e) ___ feed all the new faces to come, we should increase production.

02. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1×5=5
otherwise but so although however which accordingly

Every citizen has some duties and responsibilities for his nation. (a) ___ most of the people are careless in this respect. The people of
this country have achieved national identity by dint of a great sacrifice (b) ___ is still evaluated nationally (c) ___ some selfish
people never want to give their recognition (d) ___ , we all should do some benevolent activities. (e) ___ , we will be indebted to the
nation.

03. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1×5=5
A man is (a) —– human being equal to an animal. By removing animalism, a human being can become a man. Man is guided by
temptation, enticement and allurement. Greediness is his constant companion that (b) —– changes the scenario of his future life. (c)
—–, a sense of urgency arises in his mind to become socially, politically and economically powerful. All these features are the
symbols of an ambitious person. (d)—— over ambition through an illegal way changes him into an evil being. He can do anything
without justification, (e) —— it is anti-ethical to others interest.

04. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list. 1×5=5
Than As though however incidently at last then at first
(a) ___ king Lear asked his eldest daughter Goneril, how much she loved him, She declared in front of the whole court that she loved
him more than her life. (b) ___ Lear asked his second daughter Reign the same question. She replied saying that her only happiness
was in loving him. (c) ___ he calls his youngest daughter, Cordelia to speak. Lear expected her to speak even more lovingly (d) ___
her sisters had done. (e) ___ Cordelia just stood there and said nothing.

05. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1X5=5
therefore unless but therefore and anyway as well as

How to improve the condition of villages is (a) _______ the major question. (a) _____ the villages where the majority of our
population live, are improved, the uniform improvement of our country cannot be expected (c) _____necessary plans must be taken
immediately to improve the condition of villages. (d) _____ these plans must be implemented with the help of the local body of the
government (e) ______ non-government organizations.
06.Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1×5=5
therefore however also from besides always though

(a) ___ the very beginning of their life the girls of our society are thought to believe that the best foods should be perceived for the
male member of the family. They are (b) ___ thought that they should eat less. (c) ___ this trend helps the girls grow in a different
way. (d) ___ they are victimized by social and familial disparity. (e) ___ we the conscious people, should come forward in bringing
back their lost dignity.

07. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list :- 1×5=5
Anything (a) ___ has been a matter of great concern to all of us to price of almost all commodities. The people (b) ___ has limited
income find it is quite difficult to maintain their families. Repeated price hikes has increased the cost of living, so much (c) ___
general people find it difficult to make (d) ___ ends meet. So, the government should take the matter seriously and to all possible to
keep the prices of daily needs within the reach of common people (e) ___ possible.

08. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking word from the list. 1×5=5
who while or that when because though
(a) ———-taking food, we should bear in mind (b) ———-we do not eat just to satisfy hunger (c)———-to fill the belly. We eat to
preserve our health. Some people (d) —— live in the midst of plenty, do not eat the food they need for good health (e)— they have no
knowledge of the science of health and nutrition.
09. Fill in the blanks with appropriate linking word from the list below. 1×5=5
So that if as if that as although in order to
Most of our students can not write their examination paper fairly well, (a)———-they cannot understand the questions properly, they
often beat about the bush and cram their answer with irrelevant arid unnecessary details, (b) ———-their teachers suggest (c)———-
their answers should be brief and precise, they often lengthen these unnecessarily, (d) ———- get expected marks, you all should
understand the questions well and answer them to the point. Don’t worry (e)———-your answers are fairly short.
10. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list:- 1×5=5
too when for this naturally because of and But
Global warming is increasing day by day (a) ———— deforestation. We cut down trees (b) ———never think of planting more trees,
(c) ——– man and other living beings are in the threat of extinction. Time is coming (d) ——there will be no tree left for us. (e)
———-we have to face bitter consequences of deforestation.
11. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list:- 1×5=5
as in spite of rnoreover in short both if until though
Mr. Joy is always sparing in use of money (a)———-he earns a lot of money. He seldom buys new cloths, (b) ———-, he bargains
with the shopkeepers to save money, (c)———- having many friends and relatives, he always tries to avoid entertaining them, (d)
———-he and his wife put on shabby dresses, (e)———-, he has a strange personality.
12. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the box. 1×5=5
for example thoug but as well as so however becaus
h e
Men usually want to have their own way. No one, (a) ——- , can have his own way all the time. He has to consider the interest of
others (b) ——- his own interests. He is free to take his own decisions, (c) ———– these decisions must not be unjust or harmful for
others, (d) ———–, he must be very careful while driving (e) ———- there are other vehicles and pedestrians on the road.
13. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list. 1×5=5

unless shortly in this regard hardly even which like

Illiteracy is a curse. It is the root cause of ignorance (a)——–—frustrates all development efforts of the government and the
community. No development effort can succeed (b)——– illiteracy can be removed. Eradication of illiteracy, in a country (c) ———-
Bangladesh with so vast a population is undoubtedly a mammoth task. Any individual, community or organization (d) ————— the
government is not capable of solving this tremendous problem single-handed. It is the social responsibility of all the educated people,
men and women to make some all out efforts to remove illiteracy from the society. The Government of Bangladesh has already
undertaken some effective programmes (e) ———–.
14. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list: 1x5=5

either if also or as moreover and

English gives us easy access to the ever-expanding knowledge of science and technology, arts and education, innovations and
discoveries (a) _ all the hooks, journals, reports, researchings are available in English, (b)_any important books, news etc. are
(c)__written in English (d)_translated into English immediately after they are published in other language. You easily learn about
them (e)__ you have acquired the reading power in English.
15. Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words from the list; 1×5=5
because of healthy also later at the age fever but
Hellen Keller was born in 1880 at Tashcambia in America. She was born as a (a)———- and normal child (b)———–lost her
eyesight later, (c) ——of one and a half she was attacked by brain (d)————. This disease took away her power of seeing. She (e)
——— —lost her power of hearing.