MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HMT

1. What is heat transfer?

2. What do you mean by heat?
3. What is energy and what do you mean by energy transfer and
transformation?
4. What do you mean by transient form of energy?
5. What do you mean by stored energy?
6. How energy is transfer takes place from one body to another body?
7. What do you mean by energy transfer?
8. What do you mean by energy transformation?
9. How it is differed from thermodynamics?
10. What is steady state and unsteady state heat transfer?
11. Is there any heat storage inside the body in steady heat transfer?
12. Is there any heat storage inside the body in unsteady heat transfer?
13. How heat transfer takes place? What are the different modes of heat
transfer?
14. What is the mechanism of heat transfer in conduction?
15. In solid metal what is mechanism of heat transfer takes place through
conduction?
16. In solid nonmetal what is mechanism of heat transfer takes place
through conduction?
17. In liquid what is mechanism of heat transfer takes place through
conduction?
18. In gas what is mechanism of heat transfer takes place through
conduction?
19. Does the transfer of heat through conduction in metals, non-metals,
liquids and gases increase or decrease by increasing the temperature?
20. What is the mechanism of heat transfer in convention?
21. What do you mean by natural and forced convection?
22. What is advection (bulk motion)?
23. Can convection be an independent mode of heat transfer?
24. What is the mechanism of heat transfer in radiation?
25. Is there any medium is required for radiative heat transfer?
26. Which mode of heat transfer takes place in vacuum?
27. In furnace which mode of heat transfer mode is dominating?
28. Which method of heat transfer is dominant in a cup of tea?
29. What are different laws governing heat transfer?
a. Fourier’s law of conduction
b. Newton’s law of cooling
c. Stefan Boltzmann law of thermal radiation?
30. What are the assumptions taken in Fourier’s law of conduction?
31. State Fourier’s law of heat conduction? Write the expression? What
do you mean by negative sign?
32. Suppose you have two walls in series, then write the heat transfer
equation?
33. What is conductivity?
34. How to measure thermal conductivity?
35. What do you mean by heat flux?
36. In nonmetal how heat transfer takes place?
37. Can conductive heat transfer take place in liquid? If yes than why?
38. How you ensure heat transfer in one direction explain with proper
example?
39. What is thermal resistance to heat transfer? Is it thermal property of
material? Write an expression for it. Also denote its analogies. Is it
thermal property of material?
40. Write an expression for the thermal resistance of a plane slab.
41. Write an expression for the thermal resistance of a cylinder.
42. Write an expression for the thermal resistance of a sphere.
43. What do you mean by mean radius for conductive heat transfer of
cylinder?
44. What do you mean by mean area for conductive heat transfer of
sphere?
45. What do you mean by variable thermal conductivity?
46. Draw a plane slab of thickness t and represent the variation of K with
respect to thickness (t) when the conductivity is represented by .
47. What is convectively?
48. How to measure convection heat transfer coefficient?
49. Unlike K. h is a thermal property or not?
50. Write combined heat transfer equation using first law of
thermodynamics for a current carrying wire?
51. What is the critical radius of insulation? Draw the heat transfer v/s
radius of insulation.
52. Will the heat transfer increase or decrease with increase in the radius
of insulation?
53. What are the applications of critical radius of insulation?
54. What is the critical radius of insulation of sphere?
55. What is the critical thickness of insulation?
56. What are fins? What are its applications?
57. In IC engine what type of fins are used?
58. Is conductive heat transfer happening in vacuum?
59. Is convective heat transfer happening in vacuum?
60. If radius of electric wire is more than critical radius of insulation then
comment whether addition of insulation is beneficial or not?
61. If radius of electric wire is less than critical radius of insulation then
comments whether addition of insulation is beneficial or not?
62. In comparison of thick, short and thin, long fins, which type of fin is
suitable for IC engine?
63. How we define efficiency of fin?
64. What is the effectiveness of fin?
65. When the use of fin is suitable? Explain with the help of effectiveness
66. What do you mean by characteristic length of fin?
67. Does increasing the conductivity of the fin increase or decrease the
effectiveness?
68. What is the appropriate shape of fin? In thick and thin which fin is
more effective and why?
69. Fins usually used in gas side why?
70. What is fin resistance?
71. What do you mean by lumped parameter analysis?
72. What do you mean by Biot No?
73. What do you mean by characteristic dimension?
74. What is the difference between Biot Number and Nusselt Number?
75. How to write first law of thermodynamics for a body losing heat or
for transient heat conduction?
76. What do you mean by time constant in unsteady sate heat transfer?
77. What do you mean by Newtonian heating or cooling?
78. Suppose you have water inside the freezer to convert water in to ice
then the cooling rate will be maximum when the water temperature
is 60 degrees centigrade or 10 degrees centigrade.
79. What do you mean by time constant of a thermocouple?
80. When the time constant of a thermocouple is high then what about
its response whether it is fast or slow?
81. What is sensitivity of a thermocouple?
82. What is Fourier number.
83. What is heat exchanger?
84. What are the assumptions are taken for heat exchanger analysis?
85. What are the types of heat exchanger?
86. Draw the temperature profile with length of parallel flow and counter
flow?
87. Draw the temperature profile with length of parallel flow and counter
flow for boiling and condensation?
88. What do you mean by compact heat exchanger? Where it is required?
89. What do you mean by LMTD?
90. In which heat exchanger irreversibility is more between parallel and
counter flow heat exchanger and why?
91. In which heat exchanger the heat transfer is more and why?
92. In which heat exchanger the effectiveness is more and why?
93. What is the application of baffle?
94. What is fouling in heat exchanger and what is fouling factor?
95. What are the reasons behind fouling?
96. What is overall heat transfer coefficient?
97. How we measure the effectiveness of heat exchanger?
98. What do you mean by heat capacity?
99. What do you mean by heat capacity rate ratio?
100. What is NTU?
101. What is thermal diffusivity?
102. Thermal diffusivity is more for water or air?
103. What is the difference between thermal diffusivity and momentum
diffusivity?
104. If the thermal diffusivity is more than conductivity is more or less?
105. What is forced and free convection? Give an example of both.
106. How to check which one dominates between forced and free
convection?
107. What are the different fluid properties on which convective heat
transfer strongly depends?
108. What is thermal boundary layer? Explain the phenomena happening
inside TBL?
109. What do you mean by hydrodynamic boundary layer?
110. What is Prandtl number?
111. What is Nusselt number?
112. What is the relation between Nusselt number, Prandtl number and
Reynold’s number
113. What is the difference between local and average convection heat
transfer coefficient?
114. How does the convention heat transfer coefficient vary with respect
to the distance from the leading edge?
115. If you have a bucket of water and heated with emulsion rod then
what type of heat transfer takes place?
116. If you have a bucket of water and heated with emulsion rod then
water get heated faster with stirring or without stirring?
117. In air conditioning turbulent flow and laminar flow which is preferable
with respect to heat transfer?
118. Why our body becomes hot in winter and cool in summer?
119. Why do you feel better when traveling in a bike than standing still in
summer?
120. Can you write the conservation of energy equation of control volume?
121. Can you write the energy equation for Thermal Boundary Layer in
cartesian coordinates?
122. What assumptions do you make while writing the energy equation
for the thermal boundary layer?
123. What is viscus dissipation?
124. What is Reynold analogy and its limitations?
125. What is Prandtl number and what is the significant of Prandtl number?
126. For Prandtl number equal to 1, what is the relation between hydraulic
boundary layer and thermal boundary layer?
127. Draw the TBL and HBL profile for Pr>1, Pr<1 and Pr =1, where Pr=
Prandtl number.
128. What is Stanton number and what is the significant of Stanton
number?
129. What is Paclet number and its significant?
130. What is range of Prandtl no for water, gas and solid?
131. What is the difference between thermally developing and the
thermally developed flow?
132. Write down the Navier Stokes equations for 2D flow in hydrodynamic
boundary layer by Prandtl.
133. Write the relation between fluid friction and heat transfer for laminar
flow?
134. Draw the temperature variations of fluid flow in pipe:
a. Constant wall temperature heating
b. Constant wall temperature colling
c. Constant heat flux to the wall (heating)
d. Constant heat flux to the wall (colling)
135. What is natural convection?
136. How it is different from forced convection? Can it occur in space?
137. What is the mechanism of heat flow by natural convection?
138. What do you mean by condensation and boiling?
139. Suppose you have a bucket of water and it is heated by a burner
placed at the bottom, what type of convection heat transfer is taking
place?
140. What is Grashof’s number and what is its significance?
141. If we place a cold drink in a room, can you explain the physical
mechanism of warming up of cold drink by natural convection?
142. Consider a vertical and horizontal hot plate placed in cooler
environment. In which case heat transfer will be more?
143. What is modified Grashof’s number?
144. If we place a cold drink in a room, can you explain the physical
mechanism of warming up of cold drink by natural convection?
145. What is Rayleigh number?
146. Explain radiation heat transfer? How it is different from conduction
and convection?
147. Is radiation a volumetric or a surface phenomenon? Give examples?
148. What is thermal radiation? What is the range of wavelength of
thermal radiation?
149. What do you mean by black body?
150. Can white paper be considered as black body? If yes than why?
151. Can black paper be considered as black body? If yes than why?
152. What do you mean by grey body?
153. Can you discuss heat transfer mechanism involved in a microwave
oven? How it is different from a conventional oven?
154. What do you mean by reflectivity, absorptivity and transmissivity?
155. What do you mean by Radiosity?
156. What is Stefan Boltzmann law?
157. What is Planck’s law of radiation?
158. What is Kirchhoff’s law of radiation?
159. What is Wien’s displacement law?
160. What is the difference between Stefan Boltzmann law, Planck’s law
and Wien’s displacement law
161. What is Lambert’s cosine law?
162. What is the difference between diffuse and grey surface?
163. Can you plot and explain the difference between emissivity and
emissive power of black and grey body?
164. The color of an object depends on its emission or absorption
characteristics?
165. Explain view factor?
166. What is the difference between specular and diffuse view factor?
167. What are reciprocity rules for determination of shape factor?
168. What are reciprocity rules for determination of shape factor?
169. What are the summation rules for determination of shape factor?
170. Consider a pyramid whose base is square and its side surfaces are
isosceles triangle. How many view factors will be there from the base
of the pyramid?
171. What do you mean by thermal resistance for radiative heat transfer?
172. Write the thermal resistance equation for radiative heat transfer
between two parallel flat plate?
173. What do you mean by thermal shield in thermal radiation?
174. What happened when thermal shiel is provided between two
radiative surfaces?
175. WE generally see that people start shivering in cold environment?
Can you tell the physical significance of shivering based on heat
transfer?
176. Why it is generally recommended to cool down after a heavy exercise
period? Explain it based upon the principles of heat transfer?
177. What is nano fluid? Gives some examples and explain their application?
What is the effect of nano fluids on thermal conductivity?
178. Consider two scenarios one in which solar radiation is being incident
on the lake and in second case solar radiation is being incident
on rock? In which scenario heat generation will be considered as
volumetric?
179. Explain thermal contact resistance? How can be minimize the thermal
contact resistance?
180. Have you heard about moving fins? Can you give some practical
examples?
181. What is the logic behind assumption of adiabatic fin tip while analysing
fins?
182. What is the difference between lumped and distributed heat
conduction? Give practical examples of both.
183. Which is the most common type of heat exchanger used in industrial
application?
184. What is the use of baffles in shell and tube heat exchanger?
185. How infrared temperature sensors works?
186. What is the physical significance of Graetz number?
187. You might have seen that when capacity ratio tends to zero the
effectiveness of, HE tends to be maximum, can you give some practical
examples?
188. What is lumped heat analysis?
189. What is scale in heat exchanger? How it will affect the heat transfer?
190. Why does the water of the well remain warm in winter and cold in
summer?
191. How desert cooler work?
192. What is boiling?
193. What is condensation?
194. Why does bubble form on the outer surface of a cold drink bottle in
summer?
195. What do you mean by Fick’s law? How mass transfer takes place?
196. How do clothes dry in winter?
197. How do clothes dry in summer?
198. Which mode of heat transfer mainly works for wood at room
temperature?
199. Which mode of heat transfer is mainly applicable for laptops?
200. In which session (summer or winter), the heat exchanger work more
efficiently?