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The Order of Synonyms: Exeuue 12

The document provides examples of synonyms and how they are used from specific to general terms. It discusses how a writer may use multiple synonyms to refer to the same thing, becoming more general each time. Examples are provided of specific terms like types of dinosaurs that become more general, ultimately being referred to as "creatures". Students are asked to identify synonyms and their referents in paragraphs.

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167 views4 pages

The Order of Synonyms: Exeuue 12

The document provides examples of synonyms and how they are used from specific to general terms. It discusses how a writer may use multiple synonyms to refer to the same thing, becoming more general each time. Examples are provided of specific terms like types of dinosaurs that become more general, ultimately being referred to as "creatures". Students are asked to identify synonyms and their referents in paragraphs.

Uploaded by

Tedi Rustiandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In the following sentences, circle the synonym for the underlined word.

Sometimes the synonym will be more

than a single word. Compare your work with another student.


1. During its history, Estonia was occupied and ruled by forces from Germany, Sweden,
and other countries. Nevertheless, this small eastern-European nation still boasts a rich
cultural heritage.
2. The Estonians are especially proud of their historic capital city. The walls and gates of
old Tallinn date back to the 13th century.
3. A favorite activity of Estonians is singing in groups. They are very fond of giving choral
concerts.
4. Every year, an all-Estonian song festival is held. This event is a century-old tradition
much loved by everyone.
5. On the square in the center of old Tallinn stands the old city hall. This beautiful
medieval building is used now for concerts and special events.
6. Tartu, a smaller city to the southeast of Tallinn, is the home of Estonia's oldest and
largest educational institution. Tartu University is the only university in the world where
Estonian is the language of instruction.
7. Both Tallinn and Tartu were originally built to be fortresses. The two strongholds were
built on hills with good views of the surrounding countryside.
8. Many Estonians have country homes on the nearby island of Saaremaa in the Baltic Sea.
They visit their simple cottages often and plant large gardens there.
9. A controversial organization was recently recognized by the government. Now the
Society of Estonian Nudists can meet legally in their clubs—without clothes.
10. Estonians love a good cup of coffee. In the center of Tallinn, there are many small shops
where people can enjoy their favorite beverage.

The order of synonyms


Sometimes a writer will use several synonyms to refer to the same thing. These synonyms
usually follow a pattern of specific to general.
Example: In the movie, Jurassic Park, viewers can see a tyrannosaurus rex, velociraptors, a
triceratops, and a brachiosaurus. Scientists in the film found a way to bring these longdead
dinosaurs to life. The creatures are shown with great realism. It is easy to understand why
some movie-goers (especially children) were very frightened by the movie.
What does dinosaurs refer to?
What does creatures refer to?
These synonyms refer to the same thing. The synonyms were used in order, from specific
to general:
Most specific: tyrannosaurus rex, velociraptors, triceratops, brachiosaurus
More general: dinosaurs
Most general: creatures

exeuUe 12

Write each of these groups of words In order, from specific to general. Work with another student.
1. forests, oaks, trees, maples,

2. university, biology class, medical school, physiology department

3. State Street Bank, financial institution, loan department, bank

4. office equipment, personal computers, modern technology, disks

5. coins, currency, money, exchange

6. Hungarian, languages, Finnish, Estonian, Finno-Ugric language family


7. Haiti, Caribbean, western hemisphere, Port-au-Prince

8. Sistine Chapel, Italian Renaissance, Michelangelo, history of western art

9. baseball, skiing, sports, football, outdoor activities

10. Big Mac with fries, meal, lunch

eweeue 13

In each of these paragraphs, underline the synonyms and their referent. Write "R" above the
referent. After you nnlsh, compare your work with another student.

Example: The hard-working student reread page, as the teacher had suggested. The page
was very difficult for her. In fact, the whole chapter was almost impossible to understand.
She took a break, sighed, and went back to her book. She wished that the teacher would
assign easier reading materials.
1. Lassie was a famous actor in the movies and on TV. Stories about this brown and white
collie were first written in books. Millions of children have learned to love the beautiful
dog. She may have been an animal, but to her fans, she was as smart as any living
creature.
2. Mt. McKinley is one of the world's most beautiful sights. Many people believe that if
you want to climb a real mountain, this is the one! Its summit is the tallest in North
America, rising 6, 197.6 meters above sea level. The snow-capped peak was first
climbed in 1913.
3. Jackie went canoeing on the Saco River in Maine last weekend. Although she had never
paddled such a boat before, she learned very fast. When the craft went through some
rough, rocky places in the river, she kept it afloat. After an hour, Jackie brought the
vessel safely to shore, proud of her new-found talent.
4. Steve has been playing the oboe for many years. He first started to learn to play this
woodwind instrument when he was in college. Now he performs in the woodwind
section of the Denver Symphony Orchestra. He is proud to be a part of such a great
musical organization.

5. Many people enjoy the paintings of Rembrandt. Masterpieces by this Dutchman are
found in many of the world's museums. Some of the master's best works can be seen in
New York's famous Metropolitan Museum. There, museum visitors can fully appreciate
the work of this 17th century genius.
(There are two referents in this paragraph! Can you find them?)

Summary words
A summary word (or phrase) names a general idea that has many examples or parts. For
example, in the paragraph below, what are the referents for the summary word, process?

One morning, Ayako decided to make some egg salad. First, she boiled the water.
Then she added a drop of vinegar and six eggs. She boiled them for ten minutes. After
that, she placed the eggs in some cold water for half an hour to cool them. Then she
peeled the eggs and chopped them. Finally, she added some mayonnaise and chopped
celery and the salad was ready. The whole process had taken about an hour.
Process refers to each step Ayako took in making egg salad.

exaea.e 14

The words In each list are members of the same group or parts of the same process.
Write the summary word (or phrase) for each list.
1. 2.
baseball Mars

basketball Uranus

football Jupiter

swimming Saturn

tennis Mercury

3. 4.
malaria television set

tuberculosis VCR

scarlet fever cellular phone

diphtheria personal computer

measles phone answering machine

5.
get a shovel dig a hole in the ground
put lots of water in the hole unwrap
the roots of the tree place the roots
in the hole be sure the tree is
straight cover the roots with lots of
soil stamp down the soil add more
water

6.
put a slice of bread on a plate get a knife open a jar of
peanut butter put a small amount of peanut butter on the
bread spread it around open a jar of jelly spread a small
amount of jelly over the peanut butter cover with another
slice of bread
7.

Every body continues in a state of rest or of motion at a constant speed in a straight line
unless it is disturbed by a force acting on it.
A force is required to accelerate a body. The strength of the force is directly
proportional to the mass of the body.
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The action is on one body, the
reaction on another.

8. 9.
cathedral verb church noun temple
adjective mosque pronoun chapel adverb

10.
put your mask around your neck hold your flippers in one hand walk
into the surf until the water is about two feet deep sit down, facing the
shore put your flippers on your feet stand up and turn around to face
the sea place the breathing tube in your mouth adjust your mask start
swimming be sure to keep the end of the air tube above the surface of
the water

Referents in a longer essay

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