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Respiratory System

The respiratory system allows us to breathe and exchange gases. It includes the nose, throat, windpipe and lungs. Air enters the nose where it is filtered and conditioned before reaching the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen passes into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves out through tiny air sacs called alveoli. Exercise increases the need for oxygen exchange through faster, deeper breathing and long-term growth of the respiratory system.

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Emilia Ammari
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90 views2 pages

Respiratory System

The respiratory system allows us to breathe and exchange gases. It includes the nose, throat, windpipe and lungs. Air enters the nose where it is filtered and conditioned before reaching the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen passes into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves out through tiny air sacs called alveoli. Exercise increases the need for oxygen exchange through faster, deeper breathing and long-term growth of the respiratory system.

Uploaded by

Emilia Ammari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Respiratory System

In order to stay alive, the body has to breathe air. We breathe in oxygen, and we breathe out
carbon dioxide. This process is known as a respiration. Breathing happens automatically, every
day the body breathes about 20,000 times. By the time we reach 70 years old that's about 600
million breaths.

All this breathing occurs because of the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat,
voice box, windpipe and lungs. At the top of the respiratory system, the nostrils bring air into
the nose, where it's filtered, warmed and moistened. Tiny hairs, called cilia, protect the nasal
passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract, and filter out dust and other particles that
enter the nose through the breathed air.

Air can also be breathed in through the mouth. The two airways of the nose and mouth meet
up at the pharynx, which is located at the back of the throat. The pharynx carries both food and
air, and is used for digestion and respiration. One path is for food, this is called the esophagus,
which leads onto the stomach. The other side is for air, it's called the trachea. A small flap of
tissue, called the epiglottis, covers the air only passage when we swallow. This stops food and
liquid from going into the lungs.

The larynx, or voice box, is located at the top of the trachea, the air only pipe. This is where our
vocal cords are.

The trachea, or windpipe, which is a two to three-centimeter tube, then extends downwards
from the bottom of the larynx for about 12 centimeters. The walls of the windpipe are made
strong by stiff rings of cartilage that keep it open. The trachea is also lined with tiny hairs. They
sweep foreign particles and fluids out of the airway, keeping them from entering the lungs.

The windpipe divides into two branches, and each one of these enters one of the two lungs of
the body. Each branch resembles the limbs of a tree, dividing into smaller, finer branches called
bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which look a bit like grapes. These
structures enable fresh air to get to the air sacs which are surrounded by tiny blood vessels or
capillaries. The oxygen passes through these air sacs, and travels through the capillary walls into
the bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide transfers from the bloodstream into the air
sacs, where it gets breathed out of the body.

When we exercise the body needs more oxygen to feed the muscles, as they work harder. The
body responds by breathing more quickly and deeply. As the cells of the muscles use up more
oxygen, the lungs have to work harder to keep up the supply. The respiratory system then
speeds up to supply the body with much needed oxygen, and also, to get rid of the carbon
dioxide waste in the system.

Over time exercising also helps our chest cavity to get bigger, which enables the body to increase
the amount of air it takes in. More capillaries form around the air sacs, so the body gets better
at swapping oxygen and carbon dioxide gases. We can see how the body's respiratory system
helps the body to move about and is influenced by regular and ongoing physical activity as well.
Respiratory System

1. Some organs of the respiratory system are described below, according to the
recording. Write down the organ name.

a) _____________ bring air into the nose.


b) The air is filtered, warmed and moistened in the _________ .
c) _________ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the
respiratory tract, and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose
through the breathed air.
d) _________carries both food and air, and is used for digestion and
respiration. One path is for food, this is called_________, which leads onto
the stomach. The other side is for air, it's called_________.
e) A small flap of tissue, called_________, covers the air only passage when we
swallow. This stops food and liquid from going into the lungs.
f) _______________ is where our vocal cords are.
g) The ____________ divides into two branches, and each one of these enters
one of the two _________ of the body.
h) Each branch resembles the limbs of a tree, dividing into smaller, finer
branches called _________.
i) _________ are tiny air sacs, which look a bit like grapes.

2. Label the following diagram:

_________
_________ _________
_________ _________
_________ _________
_________ _________

_________
_________
___________
__________

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