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Lecture 1st Quarter

This document discusses conditionals, which are used to speculate about hypothetical situations. It explains the four types of conditionals: zero conditional for general truths, first conditional for possible future events, second conditional for unlikely future situations, and third conditional for regretful or imagined past scenarios. Key points are the verb forms used in each type of conditional and examples are provided to illustrate their structures and uses.

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36 views43 pages

Lecture 1st Quarter

This document discusses conditionals, which are used to speculate about hypothetical situations. It explains the four types of conditionals: zero conditional for general truths, first conditional for possible future events, second conditional for unlikely future situations, and third conditional for regretful or imagined past scenarios. Key points are the verb forms used in each type of conditional and examples are provided to illustrate their structures and uses.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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If-clause and

Main Clause
Cause
and
Effect
Verb
Tenses
CONDITIONALS
Conditionals
- are used to speculate about
what could happen, what
might happen and what we
wish would happen.
- It is also used to talk about
real and unreal situations
and are sometimes called
if-clauses.
Where:
Real conditional – is used to describe
real-life situations.

Unreal conditional – is used to


describe unreal, imaginary situations.
CONDITIONALS

IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE


(Condition) (Result)
Points to remember
on
Conditionals
1. The conditional clause usually begins
with ‘if’ or ‘when’
Example
- If I followed your instruction, I wouldn’t be
lost.
When we go to camping, we usually take
pictures of the vicinity.
2. The conditional clause can come before
or after the main clause
Example
- If I reviewed the lesson, I would not fail the
exam.
I would not fail the exam if I reviewed the lesson
3. When the if-clause precedes the main
clause, the two clauses must be separated by a
comma (,).
Example
- If I followed your instruction, I wouldn’t be
lost.
- When we go to camping, we usually take
pictures of the vicinity.
Types of conditionals

1.Zero conditional
2.First conditional
3.Second conditional
4.Third conditional
Zero Conditional
- Is used to denote general truths or
real/factual information.
- We use Zero conditional when the
result of the condition is always true,
like a scientific fact.
Zero Conditional
- The verb in if-clause is in simple
present and the verb in main clause
is in simple present.
- is also used to give instructions using
the imperative in the main clause.
Zero Conditional
Example:
If I mix hydrogen with oxygen, it turns into
water.
If-clause If I mix hydrogen with oxygen
(simple present)
Main clause it turns into water. (simple present)
First Conditional – is used for future
real/factual information. It is a structure used
for talking about possibilities in the present
or future.

Formula: Simple present, will + verb


The verb form in if-clause is in present
simple while in main clause, you will add the
word WILL plus the verb.
Examples:
• If you study hard, you will pass
the test.
• If I hear a good joke, I will laugh.
• If Juan leaves, Paula will be sad.
Second Conditional – used to express
hypothetical or unreal situations which
contrary to the present or in the future.
It is also used to talk about things in the
future that are probably not going to be
true or what we call imaginary
situations.
Examples:
• If I met the Queen of England, I
would say hello.
• If I watered the plant, it would not
die.
• If you gave me a shirt, I would wear
it always.
These are the formulas of Zero, First,
and Second Conditionals:
Zero Conditional: Present simple,
present simple
First Conditional: Present simple, will +
verb
Second Conditional: Past simple,
would + verb
Zero Conditional: used to talk about
things that are generally true.
First Conditional: used to talk about
future situations we believe are real or
possible.
Second Conditional: used to imagine
present or future situations that are
impossible or unlikely in reality.
Statement examples:
Zero Conditional: If I hear a good joke, I
laugh. (Always true)
First Conditional: If I hear a good joke, I
will laugh. (Possibility)
Second Conditional: If I heard a good
joke, I would laugh. (Imaginary)
Third Conditional
- is used to express
unreal situations in the
past.
- it is also known as
past conditional.
Third Conditional
- we use the third
conditional to express
past regret or to
imagine a different
outcome
Example: Imagined condition

If I had studied harder,


I would have passed
the test.
Imagined outcome
Sentence pattern 1:
if + had + past participle ,
would + have + past
participle.
Sentence pattern 2:
would + have + past
participle
if + had + past participle
If I had remembered
his birthday,
he_______________
wouldn’t have been
so angry. (be, not)
•The children
________________
would have gone to
the park if the
weather had been
better yesterday.
(go)
Converse Statement
-occurs using the pattern,
‘If q, then p’, which means
if ‘q’ happens ‘p’ also
happens.
Conditional: “If p, then q”
Converse: “If q, then p”
Where:
‘p’ represents the
antecedent/if clause
‘q’ represents consequence
Example:
Conditional: If you eat chocolate
before bed, then you will have a better
sleep.

Converse: If I had a better sleep, then I


ate chocolate before bed.

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