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June 2007

BRICKWORK SUPPORT AND RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FM 07-EE

FAÇADES
Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen systems for the support and restraint of brickwork

Introduction
Halfen is a leading supplier of channel fixing
systems and building components, with
manufacturing and marketing centres
throughout the world.

The product range consists of:

• cast-in channel fixings
• brickwork support systems
• brick ties and windposts
• reinforcement systems
• pre-cast lifting systems
• pre-cast fixings
• curtain wall restraints
• natural stone fixings
• framing systems.

This brochure covers systems for the support

and restraint of brickwork/masonry.

Brickwork systems
Support of brickwork above horizontal soft joints

The first section of this brochure details bracket

systems for the support of brick, block and
reconstructed stone outer skins above horizontal
soft joints in framed structures.

Lintels

Halfen also manufacture steel end-bearing

lintels and reinforcement systems to allow the
construction of fair-faced arches in facing
brickwork or deep reveals.

Brick ties

Full details are given of cavity wall ties, together

with dovetail and other channel ties, ties for
studwork, frame cramps, sliding brick anchors
and specialist ties.

Windposts

To transfer the wind load on large brick wall

panels to the structure Halfen manufacture
windposts that generally span from slab to slab
in framed structures.

Design Service
Halfen also offer a comprehensive design
service. For full details, please contact Halfen
Limited.
Typical wall construction at intermediate floor level
showing Halfen brick support system bolted to cast-in
channel in insitu concrete slab. (Wall ties, sliding brick
anchors and windposts also shown.)

2 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

 Contents Page
Halfen bracket/angle systems
for brick support 4
Lintels 16
Brick ties 18
Sliding brick anchors 28
Windposts 30
Bed joint reinforcement 36
Reconstructed or artificial stone 38

Typical wall construction at roof level showing

Halfen brick support system bolted to Pourstop
metal deck and to structural steel. (Wall ties, parapet
windpost and ties to steel studwork also shown.)

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 3

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

The following pages are intended to give For steel-framed buildings the preferred detail
guidance to the Architect and Engineer in the is fixing to the edge of metal deck. Steel decks
use of bracket/angle systems. The advice are relatively thin – typically 130 or 150 mm –
given covers all stages of the work: scheme but Halfen cast-in channel can be designed to
design; working drawings; site work. take the load under these conditions. (See
Pourstop detail, pages 7 and 8.)
Halfen’s bracket/angle systems provide
support for brickwork as a non-loadbearing Fixing bracket/angle systems to steel beams
cladding on a framed structure. The relatively requires more preparation. In most cases the
thin 103 mm outer skin of brick will not builder opts to plate the steel beam at regular
maintain its integrity unless it is properly centres to provide support for the brackets.
supported by a suitable beam, and restrained For this detail Halfen setting-out drawings are
with ties. In addition, the frame may move needed early in the job.
differentially in relation to the cladding, so
horizontal soft joints are required to keep the Fixing to secondary steel, i.e. off-grid with
outer skin separate from the frame. main steel, is shown on page 8.

Support level
Alternative designs for stainless steel brick
support systems are shown on pages 12 to 15. BS 5628: Part 1: 1992 permits non-structural
brickwork to be supported at intervals of up to
Structural frame/background 9 m, and Halfen systems are available to
Support systems are ideally designed to occur support this height of brickwork. However, in
at beam level and are normally bolted to order to provide a practical soft joint detail
channels cast into the beam for high strength and tolerance for variations in heel bearing,
and ease of adjustment. However, Halfen Halfen recommend a design support interval
brick support systems are designed to suit all of no more than 6.6 m (typically support at
types of frame and all types of fixings. every other storey level).

Halfen Limited will design the system to suit This gives the builder a practical detail that is
any background, but these pages concentrate effective even if packing is required or if ties
on three basic conditions: are difficult to install. See Heel Support on
1) concrete beam/slab page 8. Halfen will be pleased to discuss
2) metal deck with Halfen Pourstop details on a project basis.
3) steel beam.
Height of brickwork/allowable loads
Concrete beam/slab is the ideal detail for The height of the brickwork is an architectural
providing a good fixing: it makes the consideration, which has to be translated into
introduction of the horizontal soft joint and a load per bracket. Halfen assume that a
hence the support system easy and 103 mm outer skin of brickwork has a density
economical. of 2.0 kN/m2, and from this the bracket
spacings are derived. Halfen will design for
other brick, or block, densities on a project
basis, see details, page 9.

Steel frame with

6 m height of
brickwork
supported at
Concrete frame Metal deck with Halfen Pourstop alternate floors

4 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Halfen bracket/angle systems
Halfen’s most widely used brickwork support
system – HMA-G – consists of brackets
factory-welded to a shelf angle. Halfen design
the system on a project basis, i.e. standard
parts are combined and welded together to
suit the project requirements. Halfen also
provide setting-out drawings for use on site.

Materials
Brackets and angles are normally stainless steel Examples of Halfen brackets for different cavity widths and angle levels
Grade 304. If this has to be separated from
the main structure, hard plastic separators are
available from Halfen.

Brackets
Halfen HMA-G bracket components are
manufactured in a wide range of dimensions
to suit any cavity width. Brackets normally fill
the cavity zone, thus ensuring that the angle is
small and light, for economy of material.
Brackets are easy to level on the serrated slot
and, if shims are used, these are 50 mm wide
strips behind the bracket. Brackets are shaped
to allow easy access for the washer, nut and
spanner. They allow the DPC tray to cross the
cavity neatly, and the shape helps to prevent
cut hands on site.

Angles
Angles are normally designed by Halfen on a
job basis. The projecting leg is kept to a
minimum so that the angle can be as thin as
possible – typically 4, 5 or 6 mm. Angle length Corner detail of concrete frame application showing
is modular, with infill pieces at corners or at short lengths of angle with two or three brackets, as
the ends of runs. For ease of handling angles necessary to suit project dimensions

are normally supplied 1.5 m long, with three,

four or five brackets per angle. Brackets are
spaced at suitable centres by Halfen to suit the
load, i.e. height of brickwork.

Angles are not normally broken at vertical

movements joints. Halfen Limited will be
pleased to discuss this with the Project
Engineer.

Angles are welded to the brackets by Halfen.

This ensures that the assembly is as stiff as
possible and deflection at the working load is
kept to a minimum.

Halfen design a butt joint detail for corners to

suit the brickwork detail; examples are shown
Corner detail of Pourstop application Corner detail of steel beam application showing
alongside. A mitre joint is also available, see
plate across UC flanges
example on page 6.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 5

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

Setting-out
Halfen bracket/angle systems are supplied
with setting-out drawings by Halfen to suit
the building. Halfen will schedule lengths,
assuming a 10 mm design gap between
adjacent angles.

Angles will be designed and fabricated by

Halfen to any shape, as required to
accommodate piers, returns etc. (See
illustrations right.)
Brackets and angles designed by Halfen
Adjustment to accommodate projecting brick pier
Halfen bracket/angle systems can be adjusted
in three directions:

1) adjustment along the elevation is achieved

using T-head bolts in cast-in channels. (Plated
steel beams are normally horizontally slotted.)

2) levelling up and down is effected on the

serrated slot in the back leg of the bracket
(M12 bolts ± 25 mm of adjustment).

3) adjustment across the cavity is provided by:

- bracket and angle manufactured by Halfen
to suit the design cavity
- site adjustment by varying the brick bearing
on to the angle. (See 3 illustrations below.)
- if necessary, by shims, see pages 10-11.

Thermal insulation
The design of the Halfen bracket ensures that
the absolute minimum of steel crosses the
cavity. The bracket is therefore a minimal
thermal bridge. Normally, the cavity insulation
is fitted behind the angle, and is only cut Brackets and angles designed by Halfen to accommodate steel column: example shows plated steel and support angle
where brackets occur. with special welded mitred corner

Ties essential
above soft joint

70 mm 65 mm 78 mm

Design bearing 70 mm for 103 mm brick Minimum brick bearing = 65 mm Typical maximum brick bearing = 78 mm
Note: the bearing on the angle must be checked with (Site adjustment to suit width of cavity) (Site adjustment to suit width of cavity)
the Project Engineer.

6 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Soft joint detailing
The horizontal soft joint is essential
• to allow for differential movement
between the frame and the brickwork
• to allow for general deflections in the
bracket/angle system.

A detail using 10 mm of soft material will

course with the brick joints, and is generally
suitable for 2 storey heights of brickwork, say
6.6 m. To achieve this, the first course of 15 mm
10 mm
bricks above a horizontal soft joint will
normally have a small rebate, as shown, e.g.
6 mm angle + 9 mm mortar bed on angle
gives a rebate of 15 mm. This is easy to
achieve without leaving the arris of the brick 10 mm brick joint maintained by use of rebated bricks 15 mm brick joint if rebated bricks are not used
vulnerable.

To avoid the use of rebated bricks a bed of Examples of bracket designs that can be made on a project basis to suit the design soft joint level
15 mm or more may be needed, as shown
right. However, some bracket/angle systems
use 4 mm steel, so a 12 mm joint may be
possible. Halfen Limited cannot take
responsibility for soft joint detailing but are
pleased to discuss this with the designers.

Restraint
The soft joint does not provide restraint for
the brickwork below, so sliding brick anchors
fixed to the soffit are essential (see page 28).

Above the angle care must be taken to ensure

that the brickwork does not bow and transfer
the load to the toe (outer edge) of the angle.
Brick ties are therefore essential in the first
1) Angle inverted 2) Bracket fixed to cleat on top of slab
available bed joint above the shelf angle, as
shown below.

Restraint above soft joint Restraint above soft joint

Horizontal slot in steel plate

Brick support system

Brick support system

Toe of angle Toe of angle

Soft joint Soft joint

Heel of bracket Heel of bracket

Sliding brick anchor Sliding brick anchor

below soft joint below soft joint

Horizontal soft joint detail in concrete frame

Horizontal soft joint detail in structural steel frame

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 7

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

Heel support Heel support with Pourstop Large drops

Support of the heel of the bracket is the most When fixing to Halfen Pourstop, which is Some details such as feature bands or window
important consideration in designing typically 130 to 150 mm deep, Halfen will heads necessitate support well below the
bracket/angle systems, as failure to support weld the angle to the bracket at a level to suit structural beam. In this case a secondary beam
the heel correctly can result in unacceptable the detail. is often the most economical answer, as
deflection at the toe of the angle. shown below.
Pourstop provides a strong, safe fixing, but
Heel support with insitu concrete or plated steel beams the reduced effective height of the heel When a hollow section provides the secondary
Ideally, the design position of the soft joint bearing necessitates careful attention to detail. beam, the most convenient fixing is Halfen
and hence the heel of the bracket will be high channel welded to the hollow section. (Halfen
up the support beam, or no lower than the may recommend a reduced height of
soffit of the beam, as shown below. brickwork for this detail.)

Alternatively, Halfen will design brackets

which are braced back to the structure.

Soldier courses can be supported from the

bracket/angle system on loops, as shown on
page 14, as a device to position the soft joint
at a lower level.

However, if necessary, Halfen brackets can be

designed to be safe below the soffit of the
beam, as shown below. The normal maximum
drop below the soffit is 50 mm.

The drop below the soffit may be increased to

50 mm, as shown below, but the design
height of brickwork supported may be
reduced. (Consult Halfen Limited for further
details.)

900 mm
drop
50 mm

If the drop is in the range 50-225 mm, then

special brackets will be designed by Halfen
Limited on a project basis, as shown below.

50 mm
max.

225 mm
max.

Typical example of large drop

8 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Bracket/angle design

Height of brickwork Design service/ how to specify

The height of the brickwork is an architectural The system will normally be designed by Halfen and coded as the job drawing. However, the
consideration, which has to be translated into Architect may choose initially to code his drawings using the system shown below.
a load per bracket. This load depends on a
number of factors including: How to specify Halfen bracket/angles
HMA G RC HTA 38/17 75 4.2 0
• the masonry size and density, which in the Bracket Angle Structure Fixing Cavity (mm) Height of Distance of angle below
absence of further information Halfen assume brickwork (m) soffit of structure (mm)
to be a 103 mm outer skin of brickwork with RC = concrete HTA 38/17 = Cast-in channel
a density of 2.0 kN/m2 PS = metal deck MVA M12 = Resin anchor
• the cavity width, which for the standard SF = steel frame FB 12 = Through bolt
EW 12 = Blind bolt
bracket varies from 50 to 150 mm
HM 38/17 = Welded channel
• the heel bearing of the bracket, which
depends on the bracket configuration
• the bracket spacing, which is generally
Typical specification clause DPC detailing
limited to 600 mm and selected to fit on a The brickwork support is to be the Halfen DPC trays are generally not shown in this
1500 mm long angle module, as shown bracket/angle system at the positions shown brochure. Typically trays will be in the bed one
below. on the drawings. The system code is course above the angle. The bracket is shaped
HMA-G-RC-HTA 38/17-75-4.2-0. Details and to prevent damage to the DPC. If the architect
From the load and the cavity width a bracket layout drawings are to be provided by Halfen designs cavity trays in other positions, Halfen
can be determined. In calculating the Limited for checking by the Design Team. will be pleased to discuss the details required.
bracket/angle brickwork support, the dead
load of the masonry is factored by 1.4 and is
Shims
assumed to act 1/3 into the brickwork skin,
provided that brick ties are installed above the Standard stainless steel packing shims are
angle. coded KA 7A and available 3 or 5 mm thick.

A fabricated top hat shim for thicknesses

greater than 15 mm is available, order code
KA 7W. This should only be used after a
design check with the Halfen Technical
Department.
Assumed position
of load provided
ties installed Hard plastic separators
Cavity 34 mm

Bracket
If separation between carbon steel and the
20 mm
stainless steel bracket is required, standard
hard plastic isolators 3 mm thick are available.

The stress in the angle and bracket is limited

to 200 N/mm2 and, following the guidance Brickwork height = 6.6 m
Unfactored load = 4.00 kN/bracket
given in the ‘Green Book’ (SCI-P-119), the
Cavity = 75 mm
deflection at the toe of the angle is limited to M12 bolts in 38/17 Halfen channel
1 mm to prevent damage to finishes. It should
also be noted that additional deflection due to Brickwork height = 5.0 m
Unfactored load = 3.75 kN/bracket
heel pack could be 2 mm. The load on the Cavity = 100 mm
standard bracket is usually limited to 7 kN, M12 bolts in 38/17 Halfen channel
and the simplest way to achieve this is to
Brickwork height = 3.6 m
reduce the spacing of the brackets, as shown Unfactored load = 4.25 kN/bracket
in the examples adjacent. However, Halfen Cavity = 100 mm
can provide designs outside these ranges and M12 bolts in 38/17 Halfen channel
1500 mm long angle modules with alternative
for various masonry types. bracket spacing

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 9

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

Design notes Site work notes On-site adjustment

Detailing a concrete beam General Across cavity

Set out the cast-in channel 140 mm above the Bracket/angle systems may have sheared 1) by survey so the correct projection is
design soft joint and ensure that the anchors edges, so components should only be handled supplied in the first place
are within the reinforcement cage. with gloves. 2) by varying the brick bearing on the angle,
as shown on page 6
Detailing metal deck with Pourstop Set out the angles around the building, as 3) by shims, as shown below.
Set out the cast-in channel as near as possible shown on the Halfen plans.
to the top of the deck, ensuring that the Vertical
Ensure a nominal 2/3 brick bearing, as shown
anchors are within the reinforcement cage. 1) by using the serrated washer and the
on page 6, and, if necessary, pack out with
Check that the deck does not cantilever too serrations at the back of the bracket.
stainless steel shims, as described previously.
far over the beam, as the deck is taking the
Horizontal
load of the brickwork. Tighten the bolt.
1) by using the cast-in channel to set out
Detailing a steel beam individual bracket/angles, as shown on the
Check that the heel of the bracket and any
Weld steel plates to beams and columns at shims are hard packed and fully bearing. Halfen setting-out plans.
spacings to suit the brickwork load. Cut
Notes
horizontal slots in the plates ready for plate Install suitable soft joint material as shown on
washers and set screws. Check that the outer the drawings/specifications. 1) Brackets must not be altered on site.
skin of brickwork does not induce excessive 2) If brackets or angles have to be adjusted to
Fixings/torque fit the structure, please consult Halfen Limited.
torsion in the beam. If set screws cannot be
used, blind bolts may be suitable for some Fixings will normally be with M12 T-head
conditions. bolts into cast-in channel HTA 38/17, which is
suitable for most details up to 6.6 m high. For
higher loads Halfen may design a larger
channel and M16 bolts.

Torque is not usually checked, as good

workmanship is normally enough. (A guide to
torque spanner settings is given below.)
Blind bolt

Fixing to steel beam will normally be by M12

stainless set screw. (For higher loads M16 may
be required.) Blind bolts are also available.

Fixings to the edge of metal deck cannot be

site drilled. However, fixing to normal
Shims reinforced concrete may be drilled, providing
Typical angle and bracket, showing T-bolt with nut,
the bolts are positioned within the
Avoid shims as far as possible. If shims are serrated washer and shims.
reinforcement cage. Drilled bolts may be
necessary, full contact between bracket and
either resin anchors or through bolts. (Check
structure is essential.
the manufacturer’s printed instructions.)
The maximum shim thickness is normally
Torque spanner settings
12 mm, made up of 3 No shims. A shim pack
M10 19 Nm
of 15 mm may be allowed in exceptional
M12 28 Nm
circumstances, after discussion with Halfen.
M16 65 Nm
If site conditions create a wider cavity than
designed, a fabricated top hat shim is available
ex-stock from Halfen Limited, subject to a
design check.

10 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Fixing to concrete beam Cast-in fixing

1) Bolts are normally M12. If other sizes are

needed, they will be shown on the Halfen
project drawings.
Ties essential
T-head bolt
Nut
Halfen serrated washer
Cast-in channel
Angle

Brick bearing on
angle as shown Shims, if required
on job drawing
Bracket
Soft joint
Drilled fixing
Sliding brick ties

Through bolt Code FBN

or resin anchor Code MVA

Fixing to Pourstop Ties essential

1) Cast-in channel is essential with metal deck.

T-head bolt
(If this is not possible, please consult Halfen Nut
Limited.)
2) Good heel bearing is essential. Halfen serrated washer
Cast-in channel (Pourstop)
Angle
Shim, if required
Brick bearing on
angle as shown
on job drawing Ribs bearing on steel beam

Soft joint
This must be solid concrete

Sliding brick ties Bracket

Fixing to steel beam

1) If separation is required between carbon
steel and stainless, a hard plastic separator is
available, as well as a set screw coated with Ties essential
PTFE. Both items are available ex-stock.

Nut
Halfen serrated washer Ribs parallel to
Plate washer steel beam
Angle
Stainless set screw

Brick bearing on
angle as shown Shims, if required
on job drawing Bracket

Soft joint

Sliding brick ties

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 11

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

Design variations Weld details Floor on loadbearing blockwork

On the following pages some examples of Both sides of each Halfen channel should be When bracket/angle systems are used on
alternative bracket/angle applications are welded with fillets 30 mm long at 150 mm loadbearing blockwork, they are usually part
given. These include solutions for variations in: centres. of the progressive collapse design. For this
• type of structure detail the design varies in a number of ways.
After welding brackets can be set out in any For example, the brackets are built into the
• fixing level
position using T-head bolts. This adjustment is mortar at the joints. Halfen Limited will be
• masonry detail
particularly useful if the function of the pleased to discuss such details on a project
• visual appearance.
secondary steel is to form an architectural basis.
Most examples are explained by the isometric window head, possibly arched.
illustrations, but two details require special
Outer skin
mention:
2) Halfen bracket/angle fixed to Halfen bracket/angle systems are suitable for
hollow core floors any outer skin material: brickwork, fairface
1) Halfen channel welded to steel Floor on framed structure blockwork, rendered blockwork or
As an alternative fixing to steel beams, to save The bracket/angle system, as previously reconstructed stone.
plating or drilling, Halfen channels can be described, can be fixed to cast-in channel.
welded directly to the steel. The main
Bracket shapes
Various forms of insitu concrete edge can be
structural element is likely to be a joist, in cast onto the hollow core floor to incorporate The most common variations in bracket shape
which case plating is probably the best the channel (see illustration below). are shown on the following three pages.
answer, but where secondary steel is designed Alternatively, cleats can be bolted to the top
below the main beam, welded channel is of the hollow core floor, and brackets bolted
often the best detail. to the cleats (see Variation 6, page 14). All
hollow core floor details should be fully
Two rows of Halfen channel are normally
discussed with Halfen Limited.
required, one to take the bracket bolts, the
other to provide heel bearing (see illustration
below).

Materials/finishes

Halfen channel will normally be carbon steel

protected by the paint system on the
structure. Ideally the complete beam will be
hot-dip galvanised after welding. If required,
stainless steel Halfen channel can be welded
to the carbon steel structure.

Channel cast into insitu edge formed on site on a

hollow core floor
Showing edge formed by conventional shuttering or by
Support from secondary steel
Halfen Pourstop.
Showing two rows of Halfen channel, either both fixed
to the secondary steel, or one to the steel and one to an
angle welded on top, depending on the required brick
support/soft joint level.

12 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Applications and variations

1) Individual Brackets Type U 2) Type P Brackets

Individual brackets are light and strong because of the gusseted construction. Brackets These are bracket/angle assemblies using a short angle 280 mm long and one bracket
are positioned at 225 mm centres, i.e. they are adjusted along the cast-in channel, so which supports two bricks. They are economical and easy to handle on site, and
that the gusset occurs at a perpend, and no bricks are cut. The steel is thin, so rebated particularly suitable for progressive collapse details. These are individual brackets
bricks may be avoided. These brackets are particularly useful for: similar to Type U, but designed to be spaced at 450 mm centres for economy, when
- curved work, i.e. no need for expensive curving of the angle only a single storey is to be supported.
- brick soffits, i.e. soldiers hung from loops and bonded with stitching rods, showing
no visible means of support (see Variation 8, page 14).

3) HK4 4) Rendered Blockwork

HK4 is an alternative bracket design, which may have advantages for wide cavities, The illustration shows render stops above and below the soft joint, and also a weep
exceptionally high loads or long drops. hole above the soft joint.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 13

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bracket/angle systems for brick support

5) Arch details 6) Bracket adapted to bolt to top of pre-cast slab

Brackets can be adapted to support curved arches. (The example Illustration shows proprietary pre-cast slab with in-situ topping.
illustrated shows fixing to steelwork.) Curved angles should be
avoided as far as possible; please consult Halfen Limited for details.

7) Support for brick soldier course 8) Support for brick soldier course and soffit
Illustration shows angle with clip-on loops and stitching rods. Illustration shows individual brackets with welded loops and stitching rods.
(Brick ties in soldiers are detailed on a project basis.)

14 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

9) Pre-cast lintel 10) Plain angle/serrated patch
The bracket system can be adapted to support pre-cast lintels, using Brackets will not normally fit in cavities of less than 40 mm width. In this case
cast-in channel and T-head bolts. angle alone is used; vertical adjustment is provided by a serrated patch welded
to the vertical leg of the angle.

11) Corbels 12) Support to feature band course

Brackets can be welded to angles formed at 15° so that they also provide restraint. Short length of angle with dowels provides an alternative method of supporting
These are suitable for both natural and reconstructed stone. The illustration also corbels or feature band courses in either natural or reconstructed stone. Cast-in
shows a bolted cramp for restraint. channel in reconstructed stone provides a restraint fixing that allows for
differential movement.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 15

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

End-bearing lintels

So far this catalogue has described support Halfen HCL lintel

systems above horizontal soft joints. This and
the next page cover end-bearing lintels, i.e.
details where no soft joint exists. Halfen have
two end-bearing lintel systems: HCL and HHL.

HCL lintel
This lintel is designed so that the soffit is
clean, i.e. only the brick soffit shows, with no
visible means of support. Falsework is required
to support the bricks while the mortar goes off.

Stitching rods

Horseshoe plate

Materials

HCL lintels are manufactured in stainless steel

Grade 304.

Design
Bearing plate
HCL lintels are designed by Halfen to suit the
project. The brick reveals are built up to the Spine

required level, and the bearing plates of the

spine built in. The end bearing is normally
minimum 150 mm. The spine can be any
shape to achieve the architectural detail
required. Stitching rods are used as shown on
Halfen job drawings.

Stitching rods Horseshoe plates Horseshoe plates Stitching rods

Bearing plate Spine Bearing plate Spine

Typical elevation of flat arch Typical elevation of shallow radius arch

16 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

HHL folded angle lintels
This is a range of end-bearing lintels with a
conventional steel soffit, which may be either
exposed or concealed by the window head or
trim. All webs are insulated with polystyrene.

The range

There are three designs:

MC 100 is the universal and most common

type. It has very high load capacity. The block
inner skin has to be cut as necessary to fit in
the web. This lintel is normally used when the
inner skin is to be plastered.

SC 100. The main structure of this lintel is in

the cavity, so the block inner skin can be
fairface.

TF 3. This lintel supports the outer skin only.

the inner skin may be supported by concrete
or timber. The top of the lintel is clipped to
the inner skin to provide restraint.

HHL Type MC 100 lintel viewed from below

Type MC 100 Type SC 100 Type TF 3

Block inner skin. Inner skin may be fairface. For outer skin only.
Inner skin may be supported by concrete or timber.

Dimensions Materials Lintel calculation table

All lintels are designed to suit a 103 mm outer HHL lintels are manufactured in stainless steel Lintel type MC 100 SC 100 TF 3

skin. The inner skin may be 100 or 140 mm. Grade 304. Normal max. opening (m): 3.3 3.3 3.3

The cavity range is 75 to 100 mm. The lintels Normal max. length (m): 3.6 3.6 3.6
DPC detailing Safe UDL (kN) 59 28 27
are made in lengths from 900 to 3600 mm in
150 mm increments. The end bearing is The lintels form a cavity tray, so a separate Ratio (outer : inner) 1:19 1:5 n/a

normally minimum 150 mm. DPC is not normally required. Cavity (mm): 75/100 75/100 75/100
Height (mm) 232 192 228

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 17

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Brick ties – introduction to standard applications

Brick ties
Ties are required in brickwork/masonry to
provide structural stability and to resist the
HTS-C 12 HTS-C 12
wind load. Halfen manufacture two ranges:

HTS system

This consists of a range of standard designs

HTS-B 9 available in standard lengths, ex-stock and
suitable for most applications, as shown in
these plans:
HTS-C9/9
• ties to suit Halfen channel (both cast-in and
surface fixed) are coded HTS-B
• ties to suit normal cavity walls are coded
HTS-C
• ties for use as frame cramps, i.e. either Windpost tie
Surface fixed WPT 3
screwed or bolted, are coded HTS-FS.
channel
Windpost BW 1
Details of the range and how to specify are
given on pages 19-23. Windpost tie
WPT 1
HTS-B 9
Made-to-order system

For designs and details where the HTS system

HTS-C 12 is not suitable, for example: HTS-C 12
• wider cavities
• greater imposed loads
• special feature panels of masonry

Halfen manufacture ties to order with minimal

time and cost implications, please see page 24.

Special applications: sliding brick

HTS-C 12 anchors; windposts Remedial cramp
HTS-FS 12

Ties for special applications, e.g. bed joints not

at the same level, are shown on page 25.

Sliding brick anchors for use below horizontal

soft joints are shown on pages 28 and 29

Where ties are required between the main

building grid, then structural windposts are
made to fit by Halfen (see pages 30-35).
These posts use standard WPT brick ties.
HTS-C 12 HTS-B 9

HTS-C 12 HTS-B 12
HTS-FS 9
Cast in
HTS-FS 9 HTS-B 9 Ribslot 28/20

Self-drill and
tap screw
Cast in
HTS-B 12 Ribslot 28/20

Surface fixed HTS-B 12

channel

Note: cavity insulation omitted for clarity

18 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

HTS-B channel ties

Halfen HTS-B channel ties are a standard HTS-B channel tie dimensions
range designed to bed into the mortar joint at
Tie projection Tie projection
one end, and with a shouldered head that
locates into a cast-in or surface-fixed channel 20 20
at the other end. The head design allows
HTS-B ties to locate into Halfen 28/20 Ribslot
3 86 3
self-anchoring cast-in channel and also into
Halfen 28/15 and 25/17 channels. Stainless steel HTS-B channel tie with drip feature Galvanised HTS-B channel tie for dry internal use

HTS-B ties come in standard shapes and HTS-B standard lengths (to suit cavity widths*) (mm)
20
lengths, which will cover most applications. 75 (0-20) 100 (10-45)
5 125 (35-70) 150 (60-95)
However, Halfen also manufacture ties in any
shape to order, see page 24. 175 (85-120) 200 (110-145)
Material thickness * Min-max. cavity based on min. 50 mm embedment
HTS-B channel ties All ties Code HTS-B are 2.0 mm thick and max. 85 mm embedment. (Halfen recommend a
Description design embedment of 70 mm.) Select ties to allow for
building tolerances.
For shape and dimensions see the adjacent
illustrations. The unique ‘^’ shape of the ties
imparts extra strength, allowing a reduction in
the width of material used over traditional
masonry tie design. (Ties for design cavities of
30 mm are flat.)
HTS-B 12
HTS-B ties locate into Halfen 28/20 Ribslot, HTS-B 12
(flat for narrow cavities)
28/15 or 25/17 channels to provide a positive Projections: 75 and 100 mm (‘^’ shape)
Projections: 125, 150, 175 and 200 mm
restraint, which meets both tension and
compression performance requirements and
movement tolerances for masonry/masonry
ties.
Debond HTS-B channel ties Ties with dowels
Loading

The allowable working load on a tie in channel

is 1.5 kN both in tension and compression.
This complies with the loads given in DD 140
for a Type 1 tie, although the standard was
not written for channel ties. (Channel ties are
included in BS EN 845-1). For transverse shear For plain end ties with a dowel, see made-to
on B 9 ties the allowable load is 1.0 kN. order ties, page 24.

HTS-B 9 plain end for de-bond

Material Insulation disc
HTS-B 9 PS plain end with plastic sleeve
Mild steel: this is normally Grade Z 275 pre- Projections: 150, and 200 mm
(other projections to order) Insulation-retaining disc
galvanised mild steel (pg). (Hot-dip spun Plastic sleeves: 150 or 200 mm long suitable for all HTS ties.
galvanised (hdg) mild steel to BS EN ISO Code : FL disc
1461:1999 is also available to special order.)
Mild steel ties are for dry internal use only,
and must not be used in the outer skin.

Stainless steel: Halfen HTS-B ties are normally

manufactured from Grade 304 stainless steel How to specify HTS-B channel ties
(S304). Grade 316 stainless steel (S316) is also HTS B 9 ss 150 DISC
available to special order. Code For channel Bond/de-bond Material Projection (mm) Accessories

De-bond ties
Abbreviations
Plain shank HTS-B ties with or without plastic
Bond/de-bond Material Accessories
sleeves are available for shear load 9 de-bond from mortar ss stainless steel DISC plastic insulation-retaining disc
applications. 12 bond to mortar pg pre-galvanised PS plastic sleeve to assist de-bond

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 19

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Channels for HTS-B ties

The channel profiles shown on these pages are Surface-fixed channels

for use with HTS-B brick ties (see page 19) and In concrete structures surface-fixed channel 28/15 Materials
are either cast into concrete or surface-fixed. should be avoided as far as possible. However, The materials available for 28/15 channel are:
Cast-in channels for steel and timber, or for refurbishment of
existing structures, surface-fix channel 28/15 carbon steel mill finish
Normally the cast-in channel is the economical,
is available. (Halfen 28/20 Ribslot cannot be carbon steel hot-dip galvanised
self-anchoring 28/20 Ribslot. (Heavy channel
surface-fixed.) stainless steel Grade 304 (S304)
28/15 HTA can be cast in, if required.)
(stainless steel Grade 316 (S316) is available
Halfen 28/20 Ribslot self-anchoring Halfen 28/15 surface-fixed channels to order).
channel
Channel length/fixing centres

Channel can be used in short lengths set out

to suit or in continuous lengths. Short lengths
are typically 150 mm long and fixed at
100 mm centres. Continuous lengths can be
up to 3 m long and are typically fixed 50 mm
from each end and at up to 400 mm centres

General note

The profile of the Halfen 28/20 Ribslot self- This has a heavy profile in comparison with When 28/20 Ribslot is used to restrain the outer
anchoring channel has been designed to 28/20, and is normally used where the brick skin, it must always be stainless. In some cases
achieve minimal deflections when cast into tie channel is to be surface-fixed. Channel hdg 28/15 may be suitable for the outer skin,
concrete, and high load capacity using a 28/15 is finished in various ways: when used with stainless steel ties. Please consult
minimal profile section. Halfen Limited. (Channel 28/15 is a strong
Code HM plain rolled profile, usually fixed by profile and also takes Halfen T-head bolts).
Materials welding.
Halfen 28/20 Ribslot brick tie channel is Code HL factory-slotted for fixing. The slots
available in Grade 304 stainless steel (S304) are 9 x 25 mm at 40 mm centres. Fixing is
and pre-galvanised carbon steel (pg) with a usually by M8 bolts, studding or SEB sleeve
Grade Z 275 coating. Grade 316 stainless steel anchors.
(S316) is also available subject to quantity.
Dimensions Dimensions

6 mm
Projection 15 mm

Projection Tie detail

Ribslot 28/20 shown cast into concrete. Channel type 28/15 HL fixed to existing concrete
(28/20 must not be surface-fixed.) or brickwork with SEB 8 sleeve anchor.
(Note: actual projection of tie is reduced by 6 mm)

How to specify Ribslot How to specify surface-fixed brick tie channels

28/20 Ribslot ss 3050 28/15 HL ss 3000
Code Material Length (mm) Code Material Length (mm)
Standard lengths Available lengths
28/20 Ribslot - 100, 150 and 3050 mm 28/15 HL Pre-slotted - any length up to 6 m (hdg/ss)
Materials 28/15 HM Plain back - any length up to 6 m (hdg/ss)
15 mm
ss stainless steel 28/15 HTA Channel with anchors - any length up to 6 m
pg pre-galvanised (hdg/ss)
Projection
28/15 HTA-F Channel for mortar bed - 75, 100 and
Channel type 28/15 HM fixed to steel with fillet welds 150 mm (see page 25) (ss)
both sides. Typically welds 30 mm long at 400 mm
centres.

20 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Halfen 25/17 HH surface-fixed
channel
Channel 25/17 HH is a new economical brick
tie channel, pre-punched with holes for
16.5 mm 16.5 mm
surface fixing with screws. It is made in grade 25 mm 25 mm
304 stainless steel and is available in 3.0 m
11 mm 11 mm
lengths, i.e. it is used in continuous lengths.
Holes are 5.5 mm diameter for 5.0 mm Channel type 25/17 HH fixed to existing Channel type 25/17 HH fixed direct to steel
brickwork/timber etc with screws stud using Halfen self-drill and tap screws
screws. Holes are spaced at 112.5 mm centres.

Halfen 25/17 HH channel self-drill and tap fixings

Cold formed stud

system (by others) UC (by others)
RHS (by others)

Halfen
screw Halfen
Halfen
screw
screw
Halfen HD
driver socket Halfen HD
driver socket See chart Halfen HD
below driver socket See chart
below

Halfen
HTS-B 12 tie
Halfen HTS-B 12 tie See chart below
Halfen HTS-B 12 tie

Channel type 25/17 HH fixed through 25 to 40 mm Channel type 25/17 HH fixed with Halfen self-drill and Channel type 25/17 HH fixed with Halfen self-drill and
thick insulation. Screw details see page 26. tap screws. Screw details see page 26. tap screws. Screw details see page 26.
Fixing screws at

Standard channel length - 3.0 metres

Standard channel length - 3.0 metres

450 centres

Fixing screws at
338 centres

HTS-B brick ties

HTS-B brick ties

at 375 centres
at 375 centres

Studs at 600 centres Studs at 600 centres

Channel type 25/17 HH typical elevation

Standard specification High load specification Cutting on site

Vertical channel - horizontal spacing 600 mm 600 mm Standard 3.0 m lengths may be cut on site,
Fixings - vertical spacing 450 mm 338 mm in which case the standard fixings are:
Ties - vertical spacing 375 mm 375 mm Cut length 1.0 m 4 No. screws
Allowable load per tie Cut lengths 400 to 900 mm 3 No. screws
tension or compression 0.5 kN 0.7 kN
Cut lengths 150 to 400 mm 2 No. screws
For full wind load details please consult Halfen.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 21

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Brick ties – HTS-C cavity ties

Halfen HTS-C cavity ties have been designed HTS-C cavity tie dimensions Tie length

to meet the design and performance

requirements of DD 140. These ties are 20
designed for a normal 10 mm mortar bed;
for a thin bed, please consult Halfen Limited. 26
Tie length Galvanised HTS-C channel tie for dry internal use
HTS-C ties come in standard shapes and
20
lengths, which will cover most applications. 20
However, Halfen also manufacture ties in any 5

shape to order, see page 24.

26 86

Description Stainless steel HTS-C channel tie with drip feature HTS-C standard lengths (to suit cavity widths*) (mm)
150 (0-50) 200 (30-100)
For shape and dimensions see the adjacent Material thickness
225 (55-125) 250 (80-150)
illustrations. Halfen ties are designed to have Standard tie lengths 150 to 250 mm: 1.5 mm thick
300 (130-200)
no sharp edges likely to cause injury, in line Standard tie lengths >250 mm: 2.0 mm thick
* Min-max. cavity based on min. 50 mm embedment
with Health and Safety guidelines. The unique and max. 85 mm embedment. (Halfen recommend a
‘^’ shape of the ties imparts extra strength, design embedment of 70 mm.) Note: DD 140 data is
allowing economical use of material. applicable to cavities up to and including 100 mm only.
HTS-C masonry/masonry ties
Material

Mild steel: this is normally Grade Z 275 pre-

galvanised mild steel (pg). Hot-dip spun
galvanised (hdg) mild steel to BS EN 1461:
1999 is also available to special order. Mild
steel ties are for dry internal use only, and
must not be used in the outer skin.

Stainless steel: Halfen HTS-C ties are normally

manufactured from Grade 304 stainless steel HTS-C 12 HTS-C 12/9 plain end for de-bond
DD 140: Type 1 tie HTS-C 12/9 PS plain end and plastic sleeve
(S304). Grade 316 stainless steel (S316) is also
For lengths, see table. DD 140: n/a
available to special order. (150 mm stainless steel tie has no drip feature.) Length: 250 mm
Plastic sleeve: 150 and 200 mm long
HTS-W wire ties are available in stainless steel
Grade 304 only.
HTS-C 9/9 (plain end for de-bond)
Loading HTS-C 9/9 PS (plain end and plastic sleeve)
DD 140: n/a
The allowable working load on a tie is 1.5 kN Length: 300 mm
both in tension and compression. This Plastic sleeves: 150 and 200 mm long
complies with DD 140 Type 1. For transverse
shear on C 9 ties the allowable load is 1.0 kN.

Halfen Masonry/Masonry Ties – suggested Working Loads after applying a Safety Wire ties
Factor of 3 in designation [i] mortar (in designation [iv] mortar) (For cavities up to 100 mm)
Tie code Tension (kN) Compression (kN) Shear* (kN)
HTS-C 12 1.5 (0.75) 1.5 (0.75) 1.5 (0.75)
HTS-W2 0.6 (0.6) 0.45 (0.45) 1.0 (1.0)
*Assuming closely abutting surfaces, i.e. maximum gap 15 mm. The figures quoted
are for guidance only; the Halfen Technical Department will advise on specific
requirements.

How to specify HTS-C cavity ties HTS-W2 HTS-W4

HTS C 12 ss 225 DISC DD 140: Type 2 DD 140: Type 4
Code For 2 skins Bond/de-bond Material Length Accessories Wire diameter: W2 = 3.0 mm, W4 = 2.6 mm
Lengths: 200 mm, 225 mm
of masonry (mm)
Material: stainless steel Grade 304

22 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Brick ties – HTS-FS frame cramps

Halfen HTS-FS frame cramps are ties that bed HTS-FS frame cramp dimensions
into the mortar joint at one end and are Tie projection Tie projection
surface-fixed to the structure through an
upstand at the other end. 20 20

HTS-FS frame cramps come in standard

15 86 15
shapes and lengths, which will cover most
applications. However, Halfen also Stainless steel HTS-FS frame cramp with drip feature Galvanised HTS-FS frame cramp for dry internal use

manufacture frame cramps in any shape to

25
order, see page 24. Material thickness 7

Standard tie lengths 75 to 200 mm: 2.0 mm thick

Description 45
Slot size 25
9 x 25
Material

Mild steel: this is normally Grade Z 275 pre- Frame cramp Oversize or
section plate washer
galvanised mild steel (pg). Hot-dip spun HTS-FS frame cramps
galvanised (hdg) mild steel to BS EN 1461:
1999 is also available to special order. Mild
steel ties are for dry internal use only, and
must not be used in the outer skin.

Stainless steel: Halfen HTS-FS frame cramps

are normally manufactured from stainless steel
Grade 304 (S304). Stainless steel Grade 316
(S316) is also available to special order.

Applications

Frame cramps are widely used to fix new

brick/blockwork to existing substrates, or as a
remedial (post-fixed) solution where ties have HTS-FS 12 HTS-FS 12 HTS-FS 9 plain end for de-bond
(flat for narrow cavities) (‘^’ shape) HTS-FS 9 PS plain end and plastic sleeve
corroded or have been omitted during original Lengths: 75 and 100 mm Lengths: 125, 150, 175 and 200 mm Lengths: 150 and 200 mm
construction.

Recommended fixings
Typical fixing to existing masonry or concrete
The recommended fixing is dependent on the
substrate and its condition.
Oversize washer
Timber: nails or wood screws are normally
specified by others.
Brick/blockwork: one SEB 8 sleeve anchor and
oversize washer, one No 12 screw and
oversize washer into nylon plug.
SEB 8 sleeve anchor complete with standard oversize For plain end frame cramps with a dowel, see made-to
Concrete/brickwork: one MVA 8 resin anchor washer order ties, page 24.
plus capsule and oversize washer, or one SEB
sleeve anchor and oversize washer.
Steel: see page 26 for self drill and tap screw.
How to specify HTS-FS frame cramps

Washers HTS FS 12 ss 150 DISC

Oversize washers must be used, to support Code Bolt/screw Bond/de-bond Material Projection (mm) Accessories

the vertical leg and to resist tensile loads.

Abbreviations
Loading Bond/de-bond Material Accessories
The allowable working load on a tie is 1.0 kN 9 de-bond from mortar ss stainless steel DISC plastic insulation-retaining disc
12 bond to mortar pg pre-galvanised PS plastic sleeve to assist de-bond
both in tension, compression and transverse
shear. To achieve this, a plate washer must be
used with a suitable fixing, and for soft joints
using Type 9 ties the soft material gap must
be not greater than 15 mm.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 23

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Ties made to order

How to specify: code system Material

The ties described on pages 18 to 23 cover most requirements. However, where ties need to be All ties are normally manufactured out of 25 x
of a special shape or length, the codes shown below can be used to specify any shape to order. 2.5 mm stainless steel. (25 x 3 and 30 x 3 mm
(These ties are made on standard tooling, so do not normally incur time or cost penalties.) sizes are available to order.)

Choice of fixing to the structure Choice of design across the cavity Choice of design in the mortar bed

FS Once bent, D Vee drip 12 Bonding holes

with slot for safety end
bolt or screw

Plain end
FH Once bent, P Plain 9 (De-bond
with hole for sleeve optional
bolt or screw extra, code PS)

B Shouldered HT Half-twist 8 Hole (for

for Halfen 2-way loose
channel 28 dowel

Fixed one-way
KT Shouldered FT Full-twist 7 dowel (Loose
for Halfen one-way dowel
channel 38 optional)

G Holes for VT Vertical twist 6 Multi-hole for

bolt or screws; dowel, bolts
can be fixed or screws
to slab or
column
14 Wire

Typical order codes

FS D 12 180
50 KT P 9 200
G HT 12 300 5
12 D 12 350
B P 5 150 225 9
Fixing to Design Design Projection/ Width Bond/ T-shape
Projection structure at cavity in length (mm) de-bond
mortar (mm) (bond or
bed de-bond)
9 = de-bond
Projection 12 = bond
PS = sleeve

Length

Width

Length

Projection

24 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Specialist ties

‘Fast track’ ties

Halfen ‘fast track’ ties (coded 28/15 HTA-F),
built into the inner leaf, provide a means of
restraint that allows for variations in course
height, and eliminates the hazard created by
building-in conventional ties with large
projections in readiness for completion of the
outer leaf.

The Halfen ‘fast track’ tie is available with a

75 mm long anchor as standard for flush
Channel 28/15 for building into bed joints
fitting. The channel length is normally 75,
28/15 HTA-F used with the HTS-B tie system
100 or 150 mm.
(For order code details, see page 20.)
Fixing to steelwork
The Halfen G HT 12 half-twist restraint ties
are specifically designed to allow masonry to
be restrained back to steelwork, as illustrated.
The ties have two alternative holes for fixing
to the steelwork, and either a holed end for
building into brick joints or a dowel for
restraining stone. The ties are 200 mm long
overall and are suitable for cavities from Half-twist tie
50 mm to 100 mm wide. For larger cavities Bolted or screwed to steelwork G HT 12
please consult Halfen.

Halfen brickwork/steel flange tie

The Halfen flange tie, Code HTS-16, is an
economical method of restraining brick and
blockwork to steel columns. Built in by the
bricklayer as work proceeds, the ties are
simply hooked onto flanges to provide
restraint.

Flange ties are manufactured from 2 mm

stainless steel Grade 304, with cut-outs to suit
Typical application of Halfen
steel flanges from 6.8 to 17.3 mm.
brickwork/steel flange tie at
steel stanchion
Restraining old brickwork
To tie old facades to new concrete floors, the
detail shown using vertical cast-in channel
allows differential movement, but provides
strong restraint. The threaded stud bonded
into the wall with resin is held in the channel
by means of a captive locking plate.

Thin bed ties

Ties are manufactured in 1.2 mm stainless
steel for thin bed details. For further
information, please consult Halfen Limited.
Restraint of old brickwork to
new concrete floor slab

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 25

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen self-drill and tap screws

Fastener details Fixing tight to substrate

This page gives specification data and Types HDT4 and HSD4 are used to fix Halfen Halfen screw

guidance on the use of Halfen self-drill and channel or ties/frame cramps to light steel section
tap screws. These can be used with the Halfen support structures, i.e. steel studs up to 4 mm thick.
range of channel, brick ties and restraint
Types HDT12 and HSD12 are used to fix to heavier
products, which are increasingly used in the
section steel up to 12 mm thick.
dry-lining and brick laying trades. For details,
HDT (BZP) and HSD (SS) self-drill and tap screws
see page 21. Screws are available to suit either For use when fixing tight to substrate.
tight fit or spaced off applications and in Type 4 steel < 4 mm thick and
Type 12 steel > 4 mm < 12 mm thick
carbon steel or stainless steel.
For factory-fitted washers use the
suffix codes G16 (BZP) or
Code HDT denotes carbon steel with a BZP
S16 (stainless).
finish.
Code HSD denotes stainless steel material Specification: 25/17 HH or frame cramps
steel structure thickness < 4 mm
(may have carbon steel cutting tip). BZP screw code HDT 4 x 35, SS screw code HSD 4 x 38
These screws are available plain or with a steel structure thickness > 4 mm < 12 mm
BZP screw code HDT 12 x 40, SS screw code HSD 12 x 40
factory-fitted washer.
Frame cramps are normally fixed using screws with factory-fitted
washers, code S16 (BZP) or G16 (SS), but plate washers are also
Pull-out loads per screw (fixed to cold rolled profiles)
essential as shown.
Profile thickness (mm): 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.0
Ultimate load (kN): 2.1 2.7 4.3 6.5
Spaced off fixings
Recommended
allowable working Types HDTHT and HSDTHT are for use spaced Cold formed stud
load (kN): 0.7 0.9 1.4 2.2 system (by others)
off through rigid insulation, to fix Halfen
Notes: Carbon steel BZP should not be use in aggressive channel to light steel structures, i.e. steel studs
environments. Carbon steel finished zinc rich (code EV) up to 4 mm thick.
Halfen
is available for a longer life. Alternative applications and screw
other screw lengths are available. For details of all the
HDTHT (BZP) and HSDHT (SS) self-drill and tap screws Halfen HD
above, please consult Halfen.
For use with spaced off fixing through rigid driver socket
insulation board 25 to 40 mm thick and
steel < 4 mm thick.

HD Driver
Specially made to fit through the lips of Halfen 25/17
HH channel.
Normal max.
Halfen HTS-B 12 tie 338 mm centres
see page 21

Specification: Channel 25/17 HH fixed through rigid insulation Halfen Channel type 25/17 HH
25 to 40 mm thick pre-pierced at 112.5 mm centres
steel structure thickness < 4 mm with 5.5 mm diameter holes, and
fixed through 25 to 40 mm thick
BZP screw code HDTHT x 65, Stainless screw code HSDHT x 70
insulation.

Sliding brick anchors

Halfen self-drill and tap screws may also be
used for fixing sliding brick anchors, Code SBA
or CHR. See product details on pages 28 and
29. For screw details, please consult Halfen
Limited.

Specification: Structure > 4 < 12 mm

BZP screw code HDT 12 x 40
Stainless screw code HSD 12 x 40
2 No. per sliding brick anchor

26 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Hammer-set wire ties

HEA and LSA 4

HEA and LSA 4 are hammer-set wire cavity
wall ties, used when the inner skin has been
built before the outer skin. They are easier to
use than frame cramps and do not require
separate fixing and plate washers. The bond in
the outer skin is formed when the wire is bent
at right angles on site. This gives loads to
DD140 Type 2. Ties are made in stainless steel
only. For full details please consult Halfen
Limited.

HEA

HEA ties have a forged collar and loose

expansion sleeve and are suitable for concrete
backgrounds only, e.g. beams or core walls.
Wire tie fixing into existing dense brickwork Wire tie fixing into existing dense blockwork
LSA 4

LSA 4 ties are threaded for a hammer-set

plug, and are suitable for backgrounds of
dense brick or dense blockwork HEA tie with collar and sleeve

HPV-L

HPV-L ties are similar to LSA 4, but are

screwed in using a driving tool and power LSA 4 tie with thread for plastic plug
drill. The ties are manufactured in stainless
Outer skin
steel.

Applications

HPV-L ties are designed for use in light block

inner skins, e.g. aerated concrete such as
Thermalite, Celcon, Durox etc.

HEA and LSA 4: hammer-set using a tubular steel tool

Stop for driving tool to grip

HPV-L tie with thread

Outer skin

Driving tool

Self drill thread

HPV-L tie screw-set using HPV-Z1 driving tool

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 27

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

SBA sliding brick anchors

Halfen SBA sliding brick anchors are SBA sliding brick anchor
specifically designed to restrain brickwork
below horizontal soft joints by attaching the
brickwork to the structure without restricting
differential movement.

Description
SBA sliding brick anchors are available with a
range of head configurations to allow fixing to
the soffit or edge of concrete slabs or to
steelwork.

The heads are normally of welded

construction as shown.

The brick ties, code HST, which are free to

move up and down the stem, are available in
both single-ended and double-ended form, in
the lengths shown below.
Typical SBA application, looking up at slab soffit
Material

SBA sliding brick anchors and HST ties are

available in either Grade 304 stainless steel
(Grade 316 to special order) or mild steel
hot-dip galvanised after manufacture to SBA with welded head for bolt fixing
BS EN ISO 1461: 1999. Galvanised HST ties
are spun after dipping, and are not suitable for 160
the outer skin.
40 25

Performance

It is apparent from tests that sliding brick 30

anchors used in cavity walls are not required
to withstand bending in the stem. Their SBA/L
performance is governed by the bond of the Hole sizes and positions are variable to suit customer
tie in the mortar and the method of fixing the requirements.
Stem lengths are normally 350 or 550 mm.
top plate. As a guide, Halfen suggest a Safe
Working Load of 2.0 kN per SBA with a
welded top plate. However, the quantity HST – sliding brick anchor tie variations Alternative SBA head details
required for any given detail is more likely to
Halfen recommend the use of single-ended
be governed by the need to provide adequate
perforated ties, code HST 12, in most situations.
ties between the two leaves of masonry.
However, double-ended ties, code HST 12/12,
Fixing and HST ties with other tail shapes and
To concrete: Fixing to the structure may be by projections are available to order. Drip grooves
either cast-in channel or site-drilled bolt. Site- on single-ended ties are also available to order.
drilled bolts are usually the ‘through’ type,
overall size
code FB. projection = =

To steelwork: SBA sliding brick anchors can be 25 25

bolted to the flanges of structural steelwork.
When bolting stainless steel SBAs to mild steel
HST 12 HST 12/12
flanges, bi-metallic corrosion is not normally a
Standard projections: 100, 125, 150 and 200 mm Standard overall sizes: 200, 225 and 250 mm, with slot
problem, but separation can be provided by
on centre line.
Halfen, if specified.

28 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Head restraint fixings

Non-loadbearing internal walls require a soft Head restraint applications

joint between the top of the blockwork and
the floor slab to allow for differential
movement. Under these conditions the top of
the internal wall must be restrained to provide
lateral stability.

Angle cleats
A traditional method of providing restraint to
internal walls is to fix angle cleats, on either Angle cleat restraint
side of the wall, at approximately 1200 mm Typical restraint detail
centres and staggered (see illustration right). using 100 x 100 x 6 mm
hot rolled angle cleats
150 mm long
Halfen can supply hot or cold rolled mild steel
angle cleats with a hot-dip galvanised finish
suitable for this application.

Cold rolled angle cleats can be made any size

to order. 100 x 100 x 6 mm, 150 mm long, is
a stock item suitable for most applications.

Hot rolled cleats are standard sizes from

steelwork tables.

Each cleat should be fixed to the soffit of the

floor slab using two suitable site-drilled bolts.

Telescopic restraint for concealed details Concealed restraint

Typical concealed restraint
Where aesthetics are a consideration, e.g. in detail showing CHR 215
fairface blockwork, restraint can be provided telescopic ties
using CHR 215 telescopic restraint ties. CHR
215 is a two-part tie that provides a positive
fixing into the bed joint, whilst allowing
vertical tolerance and differential movement.

A strap is fixed to the soffit and engaged in a

hollow section welded to a bed joint tie. The
soffit fixing may be either M8 bolt to cast-in
channel, SEB 8 drilled bolt or self-tapping
screw to steel. Also, the strap may be
shouldered to suit 28/15 channel.

Halfen recommend that CHR 215 ties are used

at approximately 900 mm centres. CHR 215
telescopic ties are manufactured in stainless
steel Grade 304.

Halfen HHR restraint Restraint fixed on one

side only
For details where an angle can be fixed from
Typical restraint detail
one side only, a two-part fitting as shown is using HHR tie fixed to
manufactured, code HHR. The stock part is one side of wall only
designed for 100 mm blockwork, but can be
made to order to suit other block thicknesses.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 29

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Windposts

Halfen windposts have been specifically

designed to strengthen masonry panels. They
are set out between structural columns, as Coping

shown, and are used at storey height or as

spandrel or parapet posts. Both cavity Parapet post
windposts and blockwork windposts are
available.

Cavity windposts
Cavity windposts can be used without cutting
blockwork and are therefore the preferred Structure

option, where possible. Cavity windposts are

available in 2 profiles:

CW2

CW2 is formed from 4 or 5 mm thick folded

C profile. Ties are normally the hook-on type
Storey-height post
WPT 1, but posts can also be slotted for ties.

CW3

CW3 is formed from 2 CW2 channels welded

back-to-back, providing a stiffer profile. Spandrel post

Blockwork windposts
Blockwork windposts (BW1) are formed from
angle and built into the blockwork inner skin,
as shown. Blockwork windposts are available
in a range of angle sizes. Storey-height post

BW1
Elevation
Normally the angle is folded from 4, 5 or 6 mm
thick plate. Angle dimensions can be selected
from the Halfen standard schedule (page 33), Windpost profiles
or to suit the project detail. Ties for the outer
skin (if required) are the hook-on type WPT 1.
The inner skin ties may be either WPT 3 or
WPT 3PS to suit the slot in the spine.

Materials
Windposts and brick ties are normally
manufactured from Grade 304 stainless steel.
(Grade 316 is also available, if required.)

For dry internal applications hot dip galvanised CW2 CW3 BW1
windposts can be manufactured, but it is
recommended that the ties in the outer skin Windpost ties
are stainless, even if the windpost is hot dip
galvanised.

Dimensions
Typical profile dimensions are given on
page 33, however profiles are manufactured
on a project basis, so any dimensions are
possible. The lengths of windposts are
specified to suit the project requirements. Flange tie Web tie Web tie with plastic sleeves One way web tie
WPT 1 WPT 3 WPT 3 PS WPT 4

30 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Storey-height windposts (BW1) Storey-height windposts (CW2) with brick pier

Setting-out Posts are positioned in the cavity where The top fixing on storey-height posts is
Relationship to the structure possible, but, if an angle section is needed to normally a sliding fixing to allow for
take the load, the block is cut to allow the deflection, i.e. to prevent the post being
Windposts are set out between the structural
angle to be built into the inner skin. Posts can pinched by the frame.
columns at centres to suit the wind load. In
be fixed to any structure, as shown: concrete
piers it may be necessary to have 2 posts, as
slabs, steel beams or metal deck.
shown below right.

CW2 windpost with WPT 1 ties CW2 windposts with WPT 1 ties

BW1 windpost inner skin bond BW1 windpost inner skin de-bond
WPT 3 tie in inner skin WPT 3 PS tie with plastic sleeve in inner skin
WPT 1 tie in outer skin HTS-C 12 wall ties across cavity

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 31

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Windposts – fixing details

Windposts are designed and manufactured by

Halfen complete with top or bottom angles or
shoes for fixing to the structure. The detail
varies on a project basis. Typical examples are
shown on this page.

Windposts should be fixed at top and bottom

before brickwork commences.

Loadings
The data tables opposite show a range of
typical windposts with their sectional
properties and maximum allowable loads for
Type BW1 – top fixing to concrete Type CW2 – top fixing to concrete
various heights of post. Other windposts can
be designed on a project basis.

The maximum loads are restricted either by

the maximum allowable deflection or by a
maximum allowable stress of 175 kN/mm2.

Loading criteria
Storey-height windposts

The windposts are assumed to be simply

supported top and bottom with a uniformly
distributed load acting over the full height of
the windpost. The loads given opposite are
total loads, i.e. udl x post height. The mid-
span deflection is limited to SPAN/360. Type BW1 – top fixing to steel Type CW2 – top fixing to steel

Spandrel and parapet windposts

The windposts are assumed to be a cantilever

with a horizontal point load acting at the
unsupported end of the post. The deflection
at the unsupported end of the post is limited
to SPAN/180.

The sectional properties of a range of

windposts are given opposite to allow
engineers to calculate allowable loadings for
conditions other than those quoted.

Brick tie loadings

Type BW1 – bottom fixing to slab top Type CW2 – top fixing to slab edge
Halfen brick ties used with windposts provide
a safe working load of 1.5 kN per tie in
tension and compression. The spacing of the
ties can be determined from the loading data
table, but should not exceed 450 mm centres.

For applications requiring higher loads than

those quoted, solutions are available using
larger profiles and spines, and with increased
sectional properties. Please consult Halfen.

Type BW1 – bottom fixing to hollow core slab: Type CW2 – bottom fixing to metal deck
example shows resin sock

32 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Sectional properties and load data tables for windposts

Cavity windpost type CW2/CW3

CW2 CW3
b b

t a a x x

Code axbxt Area Mass Ixx Zxx Maximum load on windpost (kN)
(mm) (cm2) (kg/m) (cm4) (cm3) Storey height posts (m) Spandrel/parapet posts (m)
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20
CW2 6544 65 x 40 x 4 5.13 4.05 32.38 9.96 2.21 1.54 1.13 0.86 1.92 1.33 0.98 0.75
CW2 6545 65 x 40 x 5 6.21 4.90 37.43 11.52 2.56 1.77 1.30 1.00 2.22 1.54 1.13 0.87
CW2 8045 80 x 40 x 5 6.96 5.50 62.19 15.55 4.25 2.95 2.17 1.66 3.63 2.56 1.88 1.44
CW3 6584 65 x 80 x 4 10.26 8.11 64.76 19.93 4.42 3.07 2.26 1.73 3.84 2.67 1.96 1.50
CW3 6585 65 x 80 x 5 12.41 9.81 74.87 23.04 5.11 3.55 2.61 2.00 4.44 3.08 2.26 1.73
CW3 8085 80 x 80 x 5 13.93 11.00 124.39 31.10 8.49 5.90 4.33 3.32 7.26 5.12 3.76 2.88

Blockwork windpost type BW1

BW1

a x x

Code axbxt Area Mass Ixx Zxx Maximum load on windpost (kN)
(mm) (cm2) (kg/m) (cm4) (cm3) Storey height posts (m) Spandrel/parapet posts (m)
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.35
BW1 1254 125 x 70 x 4 7.47 5.90 125.38 15.21 5.94 4.37 3.34 2.64 3.55 2.96 2.53 1.97
BW1 1255 125 x 70 x 5 9.23 7.29 153.60 18.78 7.28 5.35 4.10 3.24 4.38 3.65 3.13 2.43
BW1 1403 140 x 70 x 3 6.11 4.83 130.18 14.24 6.17 4.53 3.47 2.74 3.32 2.77 2.37 1.85
BW1 1406 140 x 70 x 6 11.85 9.36 246.20 27.53 11.67 8.58 6.57 5.19 6.42 5.35 4.59 3.57
BW1 1605 160 x 70 x 5 10.98 8.68 300.53 29.76 13.89 10.47 8.01 6.33 6.94 5.79 4.96 3.86
BW1 1606 160 x 70 x 6 13.05 10.31 354.15 35.32 16.48 12.34 9.44 7.46 8.24 6.87 5.89 4.58
BW1 2006* 200 x 70 x 6 15.45 12.21 650.90 53.52 24.98 21.41 17.36 13.71 12.49 10.41 8.92 6.94
*Example for extreme condition in 140 mm blockwork.
Note: any size can be made to order, i.e. all windposts are made on a project basis.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 33

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Windposts – applications

Spandrel Windpost (CW2) Parapet Windpost (BW1)

Windpost below window sill, showing possible horizontal rail bolted to windpost, Windpost below stone coping, showing fixing to cast-in channel ski assembly in floor
and restraint for reconstructed stone sill slab. Also showing Halfen channel 28/15 built into cavity wall to provide total
adjustability for coping ties
Note: cast-in channel ski assembly is effective at minimal edge distance in slab

Dimensioning examples

Normally fixing plates are

designed by Halfen on a
project basis.
w
w w

p p

34 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

How to specify windposts Windpost variations
The following codes are examples only; any
profile requested can be manufactured to suit
the design detail. Posts may be stainless steel
Grade 304 or hot dip galvanised after
manufacture. Ties are always stainless steel
Grade 304. All posts are supplied complete
with welded base fittings; the design will vary
according to fixing type, position and
structure.

For storey-height posts the length will be

made to suit the structure. A suitable sliding
top shoe will be designed by Halfen to
accommodate differential movement; this will
normally be an angle (code AC). 28/15 channel windpost 28/15 channels welded To avoid drilling of steel beams the top fixing of the
with fin for building into back-to-back for building windpost can be made to suit beam clamps to order,
Fixing bolts can be supplied for fixing to either blockwork, Code BW2 into cavity, Code CW1 Code ND AC

cast-in channel or structural steel, or for site-

drilling into concrete. Fixing variation

For spandrels or parapets the post can be

made any length to order, to avoid clashes
with sills or copings.

Windpost complete with welded base and sliding

top shoe
Storey height
BW1 1254 hdg 3300 SF AC
Code Material Length Structure Type of
axt (mm) sliding
top fitting

Windpost complete with welded base

Parapet
CW3 6584 ss 1050 RC –
Code Material Length Structure
axbxt (mm)

Windpost ties
WPT 1 ss 70 inner &/or outer skin
WPT 3 ss 200 inner skin
Code Material Projection Brick skins tied

Abbreviations
Dimensions axbxt windpost dimensions
(see page 33)
Top fitting AC angle cleat
Structure RC concrete
SF steel
PS Pourstop
Material/finish hdg hot dip galvanised
ss stainless steel

CW2 windpost fixed to wall plate in timber roof construction

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 35

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Halfen bed joint reinforcement

Halfen bed joint reinforcement is a

prefabricated wire for masonry to be
embedded in the horizontal bed joints. Its
unique shape combined with its material
properties increases the tensile strength of
the masonry.

Masonry has high compressive strength but

limited tensile strength. This tends to lead to
cracking when tensile and/or shear stresses
develop. By providing reinforcement to resist
such stresses, the risk of cracking is
substantially reduced.

Description
Halfen bed joint reinforcement consists of two
longitudinal wires which are welded to a
continuous zig-zag cross wire to form a lattice
truss configuration. The cross wire is welded
to the sides of the longitudinal wires, so that
the overall thickness does not exceed the
diameter of the longitudinal wires.

The longitudinal wires are deformed to

improve the bond with the mortar. Round wire bed joint reinforcement, for use with masonry with nominal 10mm thick bed joints

Materials
Halfen bed joint reinforcement is
manufactured in round wire, Code RND, for Table of sizes
use with masonry with nominal 10 mm thick Code No Width of Suitable for Diameter of Length of Units in
reinforcement wall thickness longitudinal wires unit bundle
mortar joints.
(mm) (mm) (mm) (m) (no.)

The steel used is either high tensile carbon RND/Z-4 50 90-140 4 3.05 25

steel or austenitic stainless steel, Grade 304. 100 140-190 4 3.05 25

150 190-225 4 3.05 25
The carbon steel is hot dip galvanised with a RND/Z-3 50 90-140 3 3.05 25
minimum average coating of 70 g/m2. This is 100 140-190 3 3.05 25
suitable for inner skins only. 150 190-225 3 3.05 25
RND/S-4 50 90-140 4 3.05 25
The products are coded as follows: 100 140-190 4 3.05 25
150 190-225 4 3.05 25
RND/Z-4 hop dip galvanised 4 mm wire
RND/S-3 50 90-140 3 3.05 25
RND/Z-3 hot dip galvanised 3 mm wire
100 140-190 3 3.05 25
RND/S-4 stainless steel 4 mm wire
150 190-225 3 3.05 25
RND/S-3 stainless steel 3 mm wire

Halfen bed joint reinforcement is a

How to specify bed joint reinforcement
convenient, purpose-made reinforcement for
RND Z3 50 3050
masonry for use in the horizontal bed joints. It Code material/wire dia. Width Length
limits the risk of cracking and increases the
Z-4/Z-3 = hot dip galvanised S-4/S-3 = stainless steel
tensile and flexural strength of masonry. Note: Bundle quantity: bundles will not normally
be split

36 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Applications using bed joint reinforcement

Crack control
Halfen bed joint reinforcement is very effective
in reducing cracking in masonry due to a
variety of causes, for example:
– shrinkage due to drying out and long term
creep
– movement due to moisture loss or gain in
external situations
– movement due to fluctuating temperatures
Crack control at wall junctions Crack control around openings
– flexural or tensile stresses resulting from
loading
– stress concentrations around openings, such
as windows or doors
– movement of partition walls due to the
deflection of the supporting structure.

Structural strength
Halfen bed joint reinforcement can increase
the structural strength of masonry. It can be
used to provide additional resistance to lateral
loading from, for example, the wind.

When used generally throughout masonry

Laterally loaded wall panels
construction, Halfen bed joint reinforcement
will improve the overall stiffness of the
masonry construction, tying the walls together
positively to provide a structural material with
a more even distribution of stresses.

Architectural benefits
Halfen bed joint reinforcement offers greater
Distance between movement joints can be extended by Stack bonded and banded masonry
flexibility to the architect. For example: using bed joint reinforcement

– the distance between movement joints can

Laps
be extended
– stack bonded walls can be used with Halfen When lapping two Halfen bed joint
bed joint reinforcement tying the masonry reinforcement units, always lay them next to
together each other, and never on top of each other,
otherwise the mortar will not cover them
Calculations properly. Minimum lap should be 150 mm.
If the wall is to be calculated, please consult (See illustration below.)
Halfen Limited.
Corners
Installation and accessories When using Halfen bed joint reinforcement at
Mortar bed joints
corners or junctions. Halfen bed joint
Halfen bed joint reinforcement is embedded in reinforcement should be cut and bent as Cutting and bending of bed joint reinforcement at
the mortar as follows: shown at right to provide continuity. corners or junctions.
– spread out mortar layer on bricks or blocks Alternatively specially designed pre-fabricated
– press the Halfen bed joint reinforcement unit units can be used.
into the centre of the mortar layer
– lay the next course of bricks or blocks in the
normal way

Lapping of bed joint reinforcement.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 37

Halfen Brickwork Support Systems

Reconstructed or artificial stone – support and restraint

Particular consideration should be given to the However, Halfen will design cleats to suit slot in the back leg and to a length of 41/22
support of ‘art’ or ‘recon’ stone features. individual design and loading requirements on toothed channel cast-in vertically. This will
Support may be at normal soft joint level on a project basis. then permit some degree of horizontal and
the building, or it may be a special support for vertical adjustment.
Fixing to substrate
a particular feature, for example, a cornice.
Halfen manufacture folded angle cleats and HMA cleats are best fixed to cast-in channel, Folded angle cleats can also be fixed using
HMA bracket cleats suitable for the support of but can be fixed using site-drilled bolts, if cast- site-drilled resin anchors or hexagonal headed
‘art’ or ‘recon’ stone features. in channel has been omitted. Alternatively, nuts and bolts depending on the substrate,
surface-fixed Halfen channel or bolting direct and in this case a welded serrated patch
HMA bracket cleats to structural steel may be used. In all cases provides vertical adjustment.
HMA bracket cleats are manufactured from care must be taken to ensure that the heel of
Design considerations
grade 304 stainless steel. The brackets, when the bracket is fully supported.
used in conjunction with horizontal cast-in Support brackets and cleats can be supplied
Folded angle cleats with the supporting leg kicked up or fitted
channel, provide both horizontal and vertical
adjustment to ease site installation. They also The use of stainless steel plate, folded to form with dowel(s) providing restraint as well as
minimise cold bridging and provide a positive angle cleats and fixed to the substrate through support (see illustrations below).
drip against water ingress. a hole or slot in the back leg, will provide
Support can be provided by two individual
adequate support in many cases. This method
The illustrations below show popular design cleats per stone or cleats spanning vertical
of support, however, does not provide the
variations and dimensions of typical HMA joints supporting adjoining stones (see
same degree of adjustment as HMA angle
bracket cleats for guidance. illustrations below).
cleats. To increase the adjustability when using
folded angle, Halfen recommend that cleats Continuous angle with or without HMA
be fixed to the substrate through a horizontal brackets can be supplied to span openings.

Typically 15% Typically 15%

HMA bracket cleat with kicked-up HMA bracket cleat with restraint Folded angle cleat with kicked-up Folded angle cleat with restraint dowel(s)
angle dowel(s) angle bolted to 41/22 toothed channel

HMA bracket cleats Folded angle cleats L1

(All to order) W (All to order)
T
Typical dimensions (mm) Typical dimensions (mm)
T = 6 or 8 T = 8, 10 or 12 L2
X = 140 L1 = 125 to 200
W
(±25 vertical adjustment) X L2 = 100 to 150
L2 = 100 to 200 L3 = L1 - L4
W = 150 individual (2 per stone) L4 = 30 to 40 L4
or 250 shared (at vertical joint) W = 150 individual (2 per stone)
T
Fixing bolt diameter = M12 or 250 shared (at vertical joint)
L3
L2 Fixing bolt diameter = M16

Individual bracket cleats (2 per stone) Shared bracket cleats Continuous angle (typically over openings)

38 Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300

Restraint for reconstructed stone pilaster Support and restraint for reconstructed stone cornice

Illustration also shows reconstructed stone window jamb tied Illustration also shows restraint for coping using a cramp in
to head with dowel and to outer skin with de-bond tie. channel 28/15, i.e. cramp adjustable to locate in stone joint.

Cast-in sockets provide a strong safe point fixing in pre- Restraint cramps or dowels can be any shape to order. For large units restraint cramps are designed for bolting
cast units. See catalogue ‘Pre-cast Insert Systems’. They are normally manufactured out of 30 x 3 mm to the pre-cast concrete. Normally 6 mm material is
material. used. For details please consult Halfen Limited

Design service Quality/service Product improvement and development

The technical data tables included in this Halfen are committed to meeting the Halfen’s commitment to continual product
brochure are designed to provide a quick and requirements of EN ISO 9001: 2000 and development may result in products being
easy guide for designers and specifiers. If operate procedures accordingly. amended or withdrawn. However, Halfen
further information is required, however, always attempt to keep designers of current
The products are also available as part of the projects aware of any relevant changes.
please do not hesitate to contact the Halfen
NBS Plus scheme.
Technical Advisory Service.

Testing
Testing procedures have been developed using
channels cast into concrete, and all Halfen
channel systems have been fully tested. For B

details, please consult Halfen Limited.

Halfen technical helpline: 08705 316300 39

Summary of other products from Halfen Deha:

SPA Sandwich Panel Anchor System FPA Cladding Panel Support System

Fixing channels, T bolts and brackets NVS Connecting Loops

HBS and HBM Reinforcement Coupler System Kwikastrip Reinforcement Continuity System

Halfen Limited Humphrys Road Woodside Estate Dunstable LU5 4TP

Tel: 08705 316300 Fax: 08705 316304
Email: info@halfen.co.uk Web: www.halfen.co.uk