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Types of Morphemes

The document discusses morphemes and their classification. It provides examples of words divided into their constituent morphemes and classified as free, bound, derivational, or inflectional. Some key points include: - The word "criticized" contains 3 morphemes - "critic" is the root, "-ize" is a derivational suffix, and "-ed" is an inflectional suffix. - The word "self-centredness" contains 4 morphemes - "centre" is the root, "self" is a semi-prefix, "-ed" is a derivational suffix, and "-ness" is a derivational suffix. - Semi-bound morphemes can function

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100 views1 page

Types of Morphemes

The document discusses morphemes and their classification. It provides examples of words divided into their constituent morphemes and classified as free, bound, derivational, or inflectional. Some key points include: - The word "criticized" contains 3 morphemes - "critic" is the root, "-ize" is a derivational suffix, and "-ed" is an inflectional suffix. - The word "self-centredness" contains 4 morphemes - "centre" is the root, "self" is a semi-prefix, "-ed" is a derivational suffix, and "-ness" is a derivational suffix. - Semi-bound morphemes can function

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Oksana
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1. The following words are made up of either one or two morphemes.

Isolate them and decide for each one whether it


is free or bound, what kind of affix is involved and (where applicable) if it is inflectional or derivational.
Examples:
(a) immovable im- —bound derivational prefix; mov(e)— root, free; -able —bound derivational suffix
(b) The President criticized the proposal as expensive and impractical.
In the word criticized, there are 3 morphemes
critic — root, free; -ize — derivational suffix, bound; ed— inflectional suffix, bound
(b) Healthy self-esteem should not be confused with self-centredness.
In the word self-centredness, there are 4 morphemes. Semi-bound/ semi-free morphemes are morphemes which
centre- is a root, a free morpheme stands midway between a root and an affix. A semi-bound
self - is a semi-prefix (a derivational mopheme) morpheme can function as an independent full-meaning
-ed is a derivational suffix (a bound morpheme ) word and at the same time as an affix (a prefix or a suffix)
e.g. ill-dressed, waterproof, miniskirt.
-ness is a derivational suffix (a bound morpheme)
a) cats e) signpost
b) unhappy f) rejoin
c) milder g) greedy
d) bicycle h) hateful
2. Divide the words below into their component morphemes and describe the morphemes as you did in Exercise 1.
Note: words may consist of one, two, or more than two morphemes.
Words like reappearance, unreasonable, denationalise are often qualified as prefixal-suffixal derivatives. This
qualification is relevant only in terms of the constituent morphemes such words are made up of, i.e. from the
angle of morphemic analysis. From the point of view of derivational analysis such words are mostly either
suffixal or prefixal derivatives, e.g. sub-atomic = sub- + (atom + - ic), unreasonable = un- + (reason + -able),
denationalise = de- + (national + -ize), discouragement = (dis- + courage) + -ment
a) comfortable d) rationalisation
b) reconditioned e) environmental
c) senseless f) thickeners

3 . In each group of words that follows, identify the lexical categories of the bases and the lexical categories of
the whole words.
a) government, speaker, contemplation
b) fictional, childish, colourful
c) calmest, lovelier, sillier

4. Identify the bound affixes in the following groups of words and name the lexical category of their bases.
Then say whether the affix changes their lexical category, and if so, say to what.
a) spiteful, healthful, truthful
b) unsure, untrue, unimportant
c) retake, review, relive

5. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate derivative of the word in bold
child
a) He was remembering a story heard in his __childhood____. (=period of life when a person is a child)
b) She is very _______________ and selfish. (=immature)
c) Thousand of ____________ couples come to this doctor with a hope. (=having no children)
d) She looked at me with big, _____________ eyes. (=with appearance of a child)
e) A medicine chest should be secure and ______________. (=ensuring that children cannot access it)
produce
(a) ________________ of the new sports car have been halted by a strike.
(b) China is one of the world’s leading __________ of rice
(c) I’m afraid the talks were totally ___________. We didn’t reach agreement on anything
admire
(a) She was a pleasant, attractive girl, always surrounded by ___________ .
(b) I am full of_____________ for what she has achieved.
(c) I approve of him wholeheartedly. He is an ____________ man.

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