AQ-P215

Power monitoring IED

Instruction manual
 AQ -P215
Instruction manual

Version: 2.08

Table of contents
1 Document inf informa
ormationtion .................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Version 2 revision notes ......................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Version 1 revision notes ......................................................................................................... 7
2AAbbr
bbreevia
viations
tions ............................................................................................................................... 9
3 General
General......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... 11
4 IED user int
interface
erface.......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Panel structure .................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Local panel structure ................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Mimic and main menu.......................................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 Basic configuration .................................................................................................... 13
4.2.2 Navigation in the main configuration menus ............................................................... 14
4.3 General menu...................................................................................................................... 14
4.4 Control menu....................................................................................................................... 17
4.5 Communication menu.......................................................................................................... 32
4.6 Measurement menu............................................................................................................. 35
4.7 Monitoring menu.................................................................................................................. 41
4.8 Configuring user levels and their passwords......................................................................... 44
5FFunctions
unctions ................................................................................................................................... 47
5.1 Functions included in AQ-P215............................................................................................ 47
5.2 Measurements..................................................................................................................... 48
5.2.1 Current measurement and scaling ............................................................................. 48
5.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling ............................................................................. 61
5.2.3 Power and energy calculation .................................................................................... 72
5.2.4 Frequency tracking and scaling ................................................................................. 80
5.3 General menu...................................................................................................................... 82
5.4 Protection functions ............................................................................................................. 84
5.4.1 Resistance temperature detectors (RTD) ................................................................... 84
5.5 Control functions ................................................................................................................. 89
5.5.1 Setting group selection .............................................................................................. 89
5.5.2 Milliampere output control ......................................................................................... 98
5.5.3 Programmable control switch .................................................................................. 100
5.5.4 Analog input scaling curves ..................................................................................... 101
5.5.5 Logical outputs........................................................................................................ 103
5.5.6 Logical inputs .......................................................................................................... 104
5.6 Monitoring functions .......................................................................................................... 105
5.6.1 Disturbance recorder (DR) ...................................................................................... 105
5.6.2 Event logger ............................................................................................................ 115
5.6.3 Measurement recorder ............................................................................................ 115
5.6.4 Measurement value recorder ................................................................................... 119
5.6.5 Running hour counter .............................................................................................. 124
5.7 Programmable stage (PGx>/<; 99)..................................................................................... 125
6 Communic
Communica ation
tion........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ 134
6.1 Connections menu............................................................................................................. 134
6.2 Time synchronization ......................................................................................................... 136
6.2.1 Internal .................................................................................................................... 136
6.2.2 NTP......................................................................................................................... 136
6.3 Communication protocols .................................................................................................. 137
6.3.1 Fast Modbus/TCP .................................................................................................... 137
6.3.2 IEC 61850 ............................................................................................................... 139
6.3.2.1 GOOSE ...................................................................................................... 140
6.3.3 Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU ............................................................................... 142
6.3.4 IEC 103 ................................................................................................................... 143
6.3.5 IEC 101/104 ............................................................................................................ 143
6.3.6 SPA......................................................................................................................... 145
6.3.7 DNP3 ...................................................................................................................... 145

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6.3.8 Modbus I/O ............................................................................................................. 147

6.4 Analog fault registers ......................................................................................................... 148
6.5 Real-time measurements to communication....................................................................... 149
7 Connections and applicapplica ation examples
examples.....................................................................................
..................................................................................... 151
7.1 Connections of AQ-P215................................................................................................... 151
7.2 Application example and its connections............................................................................ 153
7.3 Two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection .................................................................. 154
8 Construction and installa
installation
tion .................................................................................................... 156
8.1 Construction...................................................................................................................... 156
8.2 CPU module ...................................................................................................................... 158
8.3 Current measurement module ........................................................................................... 161
8.4 Voltage measurement module............................................................................................ 162
8.5 Digital input module (optional)............................................................................................ 163
8.6 Digital output module (optional) ......................................................................................... 166
8.7 RTD input module (optional)............................................................................................... 167
8.8 Serial RS-232 communication module (optional) ................................................................ 168
8.9 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional)...................................... 169
8.10 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) ..................................... 170
8.11 Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) ............................ 172
8.12 Milliampere (mA) I/O module (optional) ............................................................................ 173
8.13 Dimensions and installation.............................................................................................. 174
9TTechnic
echnical
al da
data
ta .......................................................................................................................... 177
9.1 Hardware........................................................................................................................... 177
9.1.1 Measurements ........................................................................................................ 177
9.1.1.1 Current measurement................................................................................. 177
9.1.1.2 Voltage measurement ................................................................................. 178
9.1.1.3 Power and energy measurement................................................................. 179
9.1.1.4 Frequency measurement ............................................................................ 179
9.1.2 CPU & Power supply ............................................................................................... 179
9.1.2.1 Auxiliary voltage.......................................................................................... 179
9.1.2.2 CPU communication ports.......................................................................... 180
9.1.2.3 CPU digital inputs ....................................................................................... 181
9.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs..................................................................................... 182
9.1.3 Option cards ........................................................................................................... 182
9.1.3.1 Digital input module .................................................................................... 182
9.1.3.2 Digital output module.................................................................................. 183
9.1.3.3 Milliampere module (mA out & mA in) ......................................................... 183
9.1.3.4 RTD input module....................................................................................... 184
9.1.3.5 RS-232 & serial fiber communication module.............................................. 184
9.1.3.6 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module ............................... 184
9.1.3.7 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module ............................... 185
9.1.4 Display .................................................................................................................... 185
9.2 Functions........................................................................................................................... 185
9.2.1 Control functions ..................................................................................................... 185
9.2.1.1 Setting group selection ............................................................................... 185
9.2.2 Monitoring functions ................................................................................................ 186
9.2.2.1 Total harmonic distortion............................................................................. 186
9.2.2.2 Disturbance recorder.................................................................................. 186
9.2.2.3 Event logger ............................................................................................... 187
9.3 Tests and environmental .................................................................................................... 187
10 Or
Ordering
dering inf
informa
ormationtion .............................................................................................................. 189
11 Contact and rre efer
erence
ence infinforma
ormation
tion..........................................................................................
.......................................................................................... 191

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Disclaimer
Please read these instructions carefully before using the equipment or taking any other actions with
respect to the equipment. Only trained and qualified persons are allowed to perform installation,
operation, service or maintenance of the equipment. Such qualified persons have the responsibility to
take all appropriate measures, including e.g. use of authentication, encryption, anti-virus programs,
safe switching programs etc. necessary to ensure a safe and secure environment and usability of the
equipment. The warranty granted to the equipment remains in force only provided that the instructions
contained in this document have been strictly complied with.

Nothing contained in this document shall increase the liability or extend the warranty obligations of the
manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any
damages and/or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or
caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements. Furthermore, the manufacturer
shall not be liable for possible errors in this document.

Please note that you must always comply with applicable local legislation and regulations. The
manufacturer gives no warranties that the content of this document is in all respects in line with local
laws and regulations and assumes no liability for such possible deviations.

You are advised to notify the manufacturer in case you become aware of any errors in this document or
of defects in the equipment.

The manufacturer reserves the right to update or amend this document at any time.

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Copyright
Copyright © Arcteq Relays Ltd. 2022. All rights reserved.

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1 Document information
1.1 Version 2 revision notes
Table. 1.1 - 1. Version 2 revision notes

Revision 2.00

Date 6.6.2019

- New more consistent look.

- Improved descriptions generally in many chapters.

- Improved readability of a lot of drawings and images.

Changes
- Updated protection functions included in every IED manual.

- Every protection IED type now has connection drawing, application example drawing with function
block diagram and application example with wiring.

- Added General-menu description.

Revision 2.01

Date 6.11.2019

- Added description for LED test and button test.

- Complete rewrite of every chapter.

- Improvements to many drawings and formula images.

Changes
- Order codes revised.

- Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet
communication module descriptions

Revision 2.02

Date 7.7.2020

Changes - A number of image descriptions improved.

Revision 2.03

Date 27.8.2020

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- Terminology consistency improved (e.g. binary inputs are now always called digital inputs).

- Tech data modified to be more informative about what type of measurement inputs are used (phase
currents/voltages, residual currents/voltages), what component of that measurement is available (RMS,
TRMS, peak-to-peak) and possible calculated measurement values (powers, impedances, angles etc.).

- Improvements to many drawings and formula images.

- Improved and updated IED user interface display images.

- AQ-P215 Functions included list Added: Voltage memory, running hour counter, programmable control
switch and mA output control.

- Changed disturbance recorder maximum digital channel amount from 32 to 95.

- Added residual current coarse and fine measurement data to disturbance recorder description.

- Updated I01 and I02 rated current range.

- Added inches to Dimensions and installation chapter.

Changes
- Added raising frames, wall mounting bracket, combiflex frame to order code.

- Added logical input and logical output function descriptions.

- Additions to Abbreviations chapter.

- Added button test description to Local panel structure chapter.

- Added parameter descriptions to General menu IED user interface chapter.

- Added new parameter descriptions to Monitoring menu IED user interface chapter.

- Added note to Configuring user levels and passwords chapter that user level with a password
automatically locks itself after 30 minutes of inactivity.

- Added more "Tripped stage" indications and fault types to Measurement value recorder function.

- Updated: Digital input activation and release threshold setting ranges and added drop-off delay
setting.

- Added sample rate to voltage and current measurement tech data.

Revision 2.04

Date 8.6.2021

- Removed the 0.2S energy measurement class from the unit description

- Increased the consistency in terminology

Changes
- Various image upgrades

- Visual update to the order codes

Revision 2.05

Date 22.6.2021

- Fixed phase current measurement continuous thermal withstand from 30A to 20A.

- Fixed lots of timing errors written to registers table. "Prefault" is -200 ms from Start event, "Pretrigger" is
Changes -20 ms from trip (or start if fault doensn't progress to trip), "Fault" is start (or trip if fault doesn't progress
to trip).

- Added event history technical data

Revision 2.06

Date 21.6.2022

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- Improved descriptions generally in many chapters.

- Improved readability of a lot of drawings and images.

- Order codes have been revised.

Changes
- Added new trip detections and fault types to measurement value recorder.

- Added user description parameter descriptions for digital inputs, digital outputs, logical inputs, logical
outputs and GOOSE inputs.

- Added spare part codes and compatibilities to option cards.

Revision 2.07

Date 7.7.2022

- Added THD voltage measurements.

Changes
- Added more fault types to Measurement value recorder (VREC) function.

Revision 2.08

Date 8.9.2022

- Added stage forcing parameter to function descriptions.

- Fixes to "Real time signals to comm" description.

- Added "Ethernet port" parameter description to IEC61850, IEC104 and Modbus TCP descriptions.
Changes
- Removed "Measurement update interval" settings from Modbus description. No longer in use.

- Renamed "System integration" chapter to "Communication" and restructured the chapters to be closer
to how they are in the menus.

- Added "Event logger" chapter.

1.2 Version 1 revision notes

Table. 1.2 - 2. Version 1 revision notes

Revision 1.00

Date 8.4.2013

Changes - The first revision for AQ-P215.

Revision 1.01

Date 26.1.2015

- Added RTD&mA input module, Double LC 100Mb Ethernet card module and Serial RS232 & serial
Changes fiber module hardware descriptions
- Order code updated

Revision 1.02

Date 30.5.2015

Changes - Added PCB and Terminal options to order code table.

Revision 1.03

Date 30.8.2016

Changes - Added password set up guide (previously only in AQtivate user guide)

Revision 1.04

Date 9.2.2017

- Order code updated

Changes
- Added Programmable stage description

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Revision 1.05

Date 20.12.2017

- Measurement value recorder description

- ZCT connection added to current measurement description
- Event lists revised on several functions
Changes
- RTD&mA card description improvements
- Ring-lug CT card option description added
- Order code revised

Revision 1.06

Date 29.5.2018

Changes - Added Fast ModbusTCP setup description

Revision 1.07

Date 14.8.2018

Changes - Added mA output option card description and ordercode

Revision 1.08

Date 12.12.2018

- Added running hour counter function description

Changes
- HMI display technical data added

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2 Abbreviations
AI – Analog input

AR – Auto-recloser

ASDU – Application service data unit

AVR – Automatic voltage regulator

BCD – Binary-coded decimal

CB – Circuit breaker

CBFP – Circuit breaker failure protection

CLPU – Cold load pick-up

CPU – Central processing unit

CT – Current transformer

CTM – Current transformer module

CTS – Current transformer supervision

DG – Distributed generation

DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DI – Digital input

DO – Digital output

DOL – Direct-on-line

DR – Disturbance recorder

DT – Definite time

FF – Fundamental frequency

FFT – Fast Fourier transform

FTP – File Transfer Protocol

GI – General interrogation

HMI – Human-machine interface

HR – Holding register

HV – High voltage

HW – Hardware

IDMT– Inverse definite minimum time

IED – Intelligent electronic device

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IGBT – Insulated-gate bipolar transistor

I/O – Input and output

IRIG-B – Inter-range instruction group, timecode B

LCD – Liquid-crystal display

LED – Light emitting diode

LV – Low voltage

NC – Normally closed

NO – Normally open

NTP – Network Time Protocol

RMS – Root mean square

RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RTD – Resistance temperature detector

RTU – Remote terminal unit

SCADA – Supervisory control and data acquisition

SG – Setting group

SOTF – Switch-on-to-fault

SW – Software

THD – Total harmonic distortion

TRMS – True root mean square

VT – Voltage transformer

VTM – Voltage transformer module

VTS – Voltage transformer supervision

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3 General
The AQ-P215 power monitoring unit is a member of the AQ-200 product line. The hardware and
software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the
application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions. This manual
describes the specific application of the AQ-P215 power monitoring unit. For other AQ-200 series
products please consult their respective device manuals.

AQ-P215 is a novel power monitoring unit for any demanding metering and power monitoring
applications. AQ-P215 offers a unique combination of high accuracy power and energy measurement
of 0.2% down to 1 A RMS with dynamic measurement range up to 250 A secondary current. Freely
configurable data logging, programmable logic and disturbance recorder features allow for a variety of
power quality monitoring applications.There are up to three (3) option card slots available for additional
I/O or communication cards for more comprehensive monitoring and control applications. AQ-P215
communicates using various protocols including the IEC 61850 substation communication standard.

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4 IED user interface

4.1 Panel structure
The user interface section of an AQ-200 series device is divided into two user interface sections: one
for the hardware and the other for the software. You can access the software interface either through
the front panel or through the AQtivate freeware software suite.

4.1.1 Local panel structure

The front panel of AQ-200 series devices have multiple LEDs, control buttons and a local RJ-45
Ethernet port for configuration. Each unit is also equipped with an RS-485 serial interface and an RJ-45
Ethernet interface on the back of the device. See the image and list below.

Figure. 4.1.1 - 1. Local panel structure.

1. Four (4) default LEDs: "Power", "Error", "Start" (configurable) and "Trip" (configurable).
2. Sixteen (16) freely configurable LEDs with programmable legend texts.
3. Three (3) object control buttons: Choose the controllable object with the Ctrl
button and control the breaker or other object with the I and O buttons.
4. The L/R button switches between the local and the remote control modes.
5. Eight (8) buttons for IED local programming: the four navigation arrows and the Ent nter
er button
in the middle, as well as the Home
Home, the Back and the password activation buttons.
6. One (1) RJ-45 Ethernet port for IED configuration.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

The object control buttons are not in use in AQ-P215.

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When the unit is powered on, the green "Power" LED is lit. When the red "Error" LED is lit, the device
has an internal (hardware or software) error that affects the operation of the unit. The activation of the
yellow "Start" LED and the red "Trip" LED are based on the setting the user has put in place in the
software.

The sixteen freely configurable LEDs are located on the right side of the display. Their activation and
color (green or yellow) are based on the settings the user has put in place in the software.

Holding the I (object control) button down for five seconds brings up the button test menu. It displays
all the physical buttons on the front panel. Pressing any of the listed buttons marks them as tested.
When all buttons are marked as having been tested, the device will return back to the default view.

4.2 Mimic and main menu

4.2.1 Basic configuration

The user interface is divided into five (5) quick displays: "Measurements", "Events", "Favorites", "LEDs"
and "Clock". The default quick display (as presented in the image below) is the mimic view; you can
move through these menus by pressing the left and right arrow buttons. Please note that the available
quick display carousel view might be different if you have changed the view with AQtivate's Carousel
Designer tool.

Figure. 4.2.1 - 2. Basic navigation for AQ-P215.

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The Home button switches between the quick display carousel and the main display with the six (6)
main configuration menus. The AQ-P215 power monitoring IED has the following six configuration
menus: General, PMU functions, Control, Communication, Measurements and Monitoring. You can
switch between these menus by using the four navigational arrow keys and confirming your selection
with the Ent
nter
er button in the middle. Please note that the the menu's name appears at the bottom of the
display when selected. The Back button takes you back one step. If you hold it down for three seconds,
it takes you back to the main menu. You can also use it to reset latched LEDs in "LEDs" and "Favorites"
displays. The password activation button (with the padlock icon ) takes you to the password menu
where you can enter the passwords for the various user levels (User, Operator, Configurator, and
Super-user).

4.2.2 Navigation in the main configuration menus

All the settings in this device have been divided into the following six (6) main configuration menus:

• General
• PMU functions
• Control
• Communication
• Measurement
• Monitoring.

They are presented in the image below.

Figure. 4.2.2 - 3. Main configuration menus.

4.3 General menu

The General main menu is divided into two submenus: the Device info tab presents the information of
the device, while the Function comments tab allows you to view all comments you have added to the
functions.

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Figure. 4.3 - 4. General menu structure

Device info
Figure. 4.3 - 5. Device info.

Table. 4.3 - 3. Parameters and indications in the General menu.

Name Range Step Default Description

Device name - - Unitname

The file name uses these fields when loading the .aqs
configuration file from the AQ-200 unit.
Device location - - Unitlocation

Displays the unit's unique serial number. The serial number is

Serial number - - -
also printed on the sticker located on the side of the unit.

Displays the software version (firmware) used by the unit.

SW version - - -
Upgradable by the user if a newer version is available.

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Name Range Step Default Description

Displays the hardware configuration of the unit. The hardware

HW conf. - - - configuration is also printed on the sticker located on the
side of the unit.

0: Internal If an external clock time synchronization source is available,

1: External NTP the type is defined with this parameter. In the internal mode
Timesync. source - 0: Internal
2: External Serial there is no external Timesync source. IRIG-B requires a serial
3: IRIG-B fiber communication option card.

When this parameter is enabled it is possible for the user to

Enable stage 0: Disabled force the protection, control and monitoring functions to
- 0: Disabled
forcing 1: Enabled different statuses like START and TRIP. This is done in the
function’s Info page with the Status force to parameter.

System phase 0: A-B-C Allows the user to switch the expected order in which the
- 0: A-B-C
rotating order 1: A-C-B phase measurements are wired to the unit.

0: User defined
1: English
2: Finnish
Changes the language of the parameter descriptions in the
3: Swedish
HMI. If the language has been set to "Other" in the settings of
Language 4: Spanish - 1: English
the AQtivate setting tool, AQtivate follows the value set into
5: French
this parameter.
6: German
7: Russian
8: Ukrainian

Displays the UTC time used by the unit without time zone
UTC time - - -
corrections.

0: -
Clear events - 0: - Clears the event history recorded in the AQ-200 device.
1: Clear

LCD Contrast 0…255 1 120 Changes the contrast of the LCD display.

If the user navigates to a menu and gives no input after a

Return to default period of time defined with this parameter, the unit
0…3600 s 10 s 0s
view automatically returns to the default view. If set to 0 s, this
feature is not in use.

0: - When activated, all LEDs are lit up. LEDs with multiple
LED test - 0: -
1: Activated possible colors blink each color.

Resets the latched signals in the logic and the matrix. When a
0: -
Reset latches - 0: - reset command is given, the parameter automatically returns
1: Reset
back to "-".

Measurement 0: Disabled Enables the measurement recorder tool, further configured in

- 0: Disabled
recorder 1: Enabled Tools → Misc → Measurement recorder.

0: -
Mimic reconfigure - 0: - Reloads the mimic to the unit.
1: Reconfigure

Reset last fault Activation of input selected here resets the values in "Fault
- - -
registers registers" view in carousel.

Function comments
Function comments displays notes of each function that has been activated in the Protection, Control
and Monitoring menu. Function notes can be edited by the user.

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Figure. 4.3 - 6. Function comments.

4.4 Control menu

Main menu

The Control main menu includes submenus (see the image above) for enabling the various control
functions and objects (Controls enabled), for enabling and controlling the setting groups (Setting
groups), for configuring the objects (Objects), for setting the various control functions (Control
functions), and for configuring the inputs and outputs (Device I/O). The available control functions
depend on the model of the device in use.

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Controls enabled
Figure. 4.4 - 7. Controls enabled submenu.

You can activate the selected control functions in the Controls enabled submenu. By default all the
control functions are disabled. All activated functions can be viewed in the Control functions submenu
(see the section "Control functions" below for more information).

In this submenu you can also activate and disable controllable objects. As with control functions, all
objects are disabled by default. All activated objects can be viewed in the Objects submenu (see the
section "Objects" below for more information).

Setting groups
Figure. 4.4 - 8. Setting groups submenu.

The Setting groups submenu displays all the information related to setting group changing, such as the
following:

• Activ
ctivee se
settting gr
group
oup: displays the current active setting group (SG1…SG8).
• For
orce
ce se
settting gr
group
oup change
change: this setting allows the activation of a setting group at will (please
note that Force SG change enable must be "Enabled").
• Used sesettting gr
groups
oups: this setting allows the activation of setting groups SG1...SG8 (only one
group is active by default).

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• SG loc
local
al select
select: selects the local control for the different setting groups (can use digital
inputs, logical inputs or outputs, RTDs, object status information as well as stage starts, trips
or blocks).
• Remo
emotte se
settting gr
group
oup change
change: When enabled it is possible to change the setting group
manually through SCADA.
• SG eevvents
ents: event masking for setting groups (masks are OFF by default; please note that only
masked events are recorded into the event history).

Setting group 1 (SG1) has the highest priority, while Setting group 8 (SG8) has the lowest priority.
Setting groups can be controlled with pulses or with both pulses and static signals (see the image
below).

Figure. 4.4 - 9. Example of setting group (SG) changing.

Objects
Figure. 4.4 - 10. Objects submenu.

Each activated object is visible in the Objects submenu. By default all objects are disabled unless
specifically activated in the Controls → Controls enabled submenu. Each active object has four
sections in their submenus: "Settings", "Application control" ("App contr"), "Registers" and "Events".
These are described in further detail below.

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Figure. 4.4 - 11. Settings section.

OBJECT SET AND STATUS

• Loc
ocal/R
al/Remo
emotte sta
stattus
us: control access may be set to Local or Remote (Local by default; please
note that when local control is enabled, the object cannot be controlled through the bus and
vice versa).
• Ob
Object
ject name
name: the name of the object (objects are named "ObjectX" by default).
• Ob
Object
ject ttype
ype: selects the type of the object from Grounding disconnector, Motor-controlled
disconnector, Circuit breaker and Withdrawable circuit breaker (Circuit breaker by default).
• Ob
Object
ject x sta
stattus
us: the status can be Bad, Closed, Open and Intermittent. The status
"Intermittent" is the phase between "Open" and "Closed" where both status inputs are 0. The
status "Bad" occurs when both status inputs of the object/cart are 1.
• Additional stastattus inf
informa
ormation
tion: gives feedback from the object on whether the opening and
closing are allowed or blocked, whether the object is ready, and whether the synchronization
status is ok.
• Use synchr
synchrocheck
ocheck and Use Ob Object
ject rread
eadyy: closing the object is forbidden when the sides are
not synchronized or when the object is not ready to be closed.
• Open rrequests
equests and Close rrequests
equests: displays the statistics, i.e. the number of Open and Close
requests.
• Open rrequests
equests failed and Close rrequests
equests failed
failed: displays the statistics of Open and Close
request failures. A request is considered to have failed when the object does not change its
status as a result of that request.
• Clear sta
statistics
tistics: statistics can be cleared by choosing "Clear statistics" and then "Clear".

I/O

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• An object has both Open input and Close input signals which are used for indicating the
status of the breaker on the HMI and in SCADA. Status can be indicated by any of the
following: digital inputs, logical inputs or outputs.
• A withdrawable object has both In and Out inputs. The status can be indicated by any of the
following: digital inputs, logical inputs or outputs.
• Both Ob
Object
ject rread
eadyy and Synchr
ynchrocheck
ocheck permission have status inputs. If either one is used,
the input(s) must be active for the device to be able to give the "Object Close" command.
• Ob
Object
ject open and Ob Object
ject close signals define which digital output is controlled.

OPERATION SETTINGS

• Br
Break
eaker
er tra
travverse time
time: determines how long a gap there can be between a status change
from "Open" to "Closed" before an intermittent status is reported by the function.
• Ma
Maxx close/open command pulse length length: defines the maximum length of "Open" and "Close"
commands. If the status has changed before the maximum pulse length has elapsed, the
pulse is cut short.
• Contr
Control
ol ttermina
ermination
tion timeout
timeout: If the status of the object does not change during the set time,
an "Open/Close request failed" event is recorded.
• After the set delay, if the controlled object does not respond accordingly, the procedure is
terminated and a fail message is issued.

CONTROL SETTINGS (APPLICATION)

• Ob
Object
ject applic
applicaation close and Ob
Object
ject applic
applicaation open
open: a signal set to these points can be
used to open and close the object. Controlling the object through this point does not follow
the local/remote status of the device.

CONTROL SETTINGS (DI)

• Access le
levvel ffor
or MIMIC contr
control
ol: determines the access level required to control the
MIMIC (each level has its own password). By default, the access level is set to "Configurator".
• You can use digital inputs to control the object locally or remotely. Remote controlling via the
bus is configured on the protocol level.

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Figure. 4.4 - 12. Application control section.

You can connect object statuses directly to specific physical outputs in the "Signal connections"
subsection (Control → Application control). A status can be connected to output relays, as well as to
user-configurable LEDs. A connection to an output can be either latched ("|x|") or non-latched ("x").

Object blocking is done in the "Blocking input control" subsection. It can be done by any of the
following: digital inputs, logical inputs or outputs, object status information as well as stage starts, trips
or blocks.

Figure. 4.4 - 13. Registers section.

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The "Registers"section stores the function's specific fault data. There are twelve (12) registers, and
each of them includes data such as opening and closing times, command types and request failures.
The data included in the register depend on the protection function. You can clear the the operation
register by choosing "Clear registers" → "Clear".

Please note that the content of the Registers section is not available in the HMI. It can only be
accessed via the AQtivate setting tool.

Figure. 4.4 - 14. Events section.

You can mask on and mask off events related to an object's stage in "Event mask". By default all events
are masked off. You can activate the desired events by masking them ("x"). Please remember to save
your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon. If you want to cancel the changes,
select the strike-through circle to do so. Only masked events are recorded to the event history (which
can be accessed in the "Events" view in the user view section).

Control functions
Once a control function has been activated in the Controls → Controls enabled submenu, its own
submenu can be opened. In the image series below, the user has activated three control functions. The
user accesses the list of activated control stages through the "Control functions" module, and selects
the control function for further inspection.

Figure. 4.4 - 15. Control functions submenu.

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Each control function that has been activated is listed in the Control functions submenu (see the middle
image above). This submenu includes the following sections: "Info", "Settings", "Registers", "I/O" and
"Events". The text below describes these in further detail.

Figure. 4.4 - 16. Info section.

The "Info" section offers many details concerning the function and its status:

• Function condition
condition: indicates the stage's condition which can be Normal, Start, Trip, or
Blocked.
• Mea
Measursured
ed ma
magnit
gnitude
ude: In some functions it is possible to choose the monitored magnitude
between Peak-to-peak, TRMS, or RMS (the default is RMS; the available magnitudes depend
on the function).
• Sta
Statistics
tistics: indicates the number of function starts, trips and blocks (can be cleared through
"Clear statistics" → "Clear").
• Mea
Measursurements
ements: displays the measurements carried out by the function.
• Activ
ctive
e se
setttings
tings: displays the setting group that is currently in use and its settings (other
setting groups can be set in the "Settings" section).

While the function is activated and disabled in the Control → Controls enabled submenu, you can
disable the function through the "Info" section (the [function name] mode at the top of the section).

Figure. 4.4 - 17. Settings section.

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The stage settings vary depending on which control function they are a part of. By default only one
setting group of the eight available setting groups is activated. You can enable more groups in the
Control → Setting groups menu, although they are set here in the "Settings" section.

Figure. 4.4 - 18. Registers section.

Please note that the content of the "Registers" section is not available in the HMI. It can only be
accessed via the AQtivate setting tool. Stored in the "Registers" section you can find both "Operation
event register" and "General event register".

"Operation event register" stores the function's specific operation data. There are twelve (12) registers,
and each of them includes data like the pre-fault value, the fault value, the time stamp and the active
group during the trigger. Data included in the register depend on the control function. You can clear the
the operation register by choosing "Clear registers" → "Clear".

"General event register" stores the event generated by the stage. These general event registers cannot
be cleared.

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Figure. 4.4 - 19. I/O section.

The "I/O" section is divided into two subsections: "Direct output control" and "Blocking input control".

In "Direct output control" you can connect the stage's signals to physical outputs, either to an output
relay or an LED (START or TRIP LEDs or one of the 16 user configurable LEDs). If the stage is blocked
internally (by a digital input or another signal), you can configure an output to indicate the stage that is
blocked. A connection to an output can be either latched ("|x|") or non-latched ("x").

"Blocking input control" allows you to block stages. The blocking can be done by using any of the
following:

• digital inputs.
• logical inputs or outputs.
• the START, TRIP or BLOCKED information of another protection stage.
• object status information.

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Figure. 4.4 - 20. Events section.

You can mask on and mask off events related to an object's stage in "Event mask". By default all events
are masked off. You can activate the desired events by masking them ("x"). Please remember to save
your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon. If you want to cancel the changes,
select the strike-through circle to do so. Only masked events are recorded to the event history (which
can be accessed in the "Events" view in the user view section).

Device I/O
Figure. 4.4 - 21. Device I/O submenu.

The Device I/O submenu is divided into the following nine sections: "Digital inputs", "Digital outputs",
"mA Outputs", "LED settings", "Device I/O matrix", "Programmable control switch", "Programmable
Mimic Indicator", "Logic signals" and "GOOSE matrix". Please note that digital inputs, logic outputs,
protection stage status signals (START, TRIP, BLOCKED, etc.) as well as object status signals can be
connected to an output relay or to LEDs in the "Device I/O matrix" section.

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Figure. 4.4 - 22. Digital input section.

All settings related to digital inputs can be found in the "Digital inputs" section.

The "Digital inputs settings" subsection includes various settings for the inputs: the polarity selection
determines whether the input is Normal Open (NO) or Normal Closed (NC) as well as the activation
threshold voltage (16…200 V AC/DC, step 0.1 V) and release threshold voltage (10…200 V AC/DC,
step 0.1 V) for each available input. There is also a setting to determine the wanted activation and
release delay (0…1800 s, step 1 ms). Digital input activation and release threshold follow the
measured peak value. The activation time of an input is 5…10 ms. The release time with DC is 5…10
ms, while with AC it is less than 25 ms. The first three digital inputs don't have activation and release
threshold voltage settings as these have already been defined when the unit was ordered.

Digital input statuses can be checked from the corresponding subsection ("Digital input status"). The
"Digital input descriptions" subsection displays the texts the user has written for each digital input. In
the "Event masks" subsection you can determine which events are masked –and therefore recorded
into the event history– and which are not.

Figure. 4.4 - 23. Digital outputs section.

All settings related to digital outputs can be found in the "Digital outputs" section.

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The "Digital outputs settings" subsection lets you select the polarity for each output; they can be either
Normal Open (NO) or Normal Closed (NC). The default polarity is Normal Open. The operational delay
of an output contact is approximately 5 ms. You can view the digital output statuses in the
corresponding subsection ("Digital output status"). The "Digital output descriptions" subsection allows
you to configure the description text for each output. All name changes affect the matrices as well as
input–output selection lists.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

An NC signal goes to the default position (NO) if the device loses the auxiliary voltage or if the
system is fully reset. However, an NC signal does not open during voltage or during System
full reset. An NC output signal does not open during a Communication or Protection reset.

Figure. 4.4 - 24. LED settings section.

The "LED settings" section allows you to modify the individual label text attached to an LED ("LED
description settings"); that label is visible in the LED quick displays and the matrices. You can also
modify the color of the LED ("LED color settings") between green and yellow; by default all LEDs are
green.

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Figure. 4.4 - 25. Device I/O matrix section.

Through the "Device I/O matrix" section you can connect digital inputs, logical outputs, protection stage
status signals (START, TRIP, BLOCKED, etc.), object status signals and many other binary signals to
output relays, or to LEDs configured by the used. A connection can be latched ("|x|") or non-latched
("x"). Please note that a non-latched output is deactivated immediately when the triggering signal is
disabled, while a latched signal stays active until the triggering signal deactivates and the latched
function is manually cleared.

You can clear latched signals by entering the mimic display and the pressing the Back button on the
panel.

Figure. 4.4 - 26. Programmable control switch section.

Programmable control switches (PCSs) are switches that can be used to control signals while in the
mimic view. These signals can be used in a variety of situations, such as for controlling the logic
program, for function blocking, etc. You can name each switch and set the access level to determine
who can control the switch.

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Figure. 4.4 - 27. Programmable mimic indicators section

Programmable mimic indicators can be placed into the mimic to display a text based on the status of a
given binary signal (digital input, logical signal, status of function start/tripped/blocked signals etc.).
When configuring the mimic with the AQtivate setting tool, it is possible to set a text to be shown when
an input signal is ON and a separate text for when the signal is OFF.

Figure. 4.4 - 28. Logical signals section.

All AQ-200 series units have three different types of logical signals:

• 32 logical input signal status bits; the status of a bit is either 0 or 1.

• 32 logical output signal status bits; the status of a bit is either 0 or 1.
• 64 GOOSE input signal status bits; the status of a bit is either 0 or 1.
• 64 quality bits for GOOSE input signals; the status of a bit is either 0 or 1.

Logical input signals can be used when building a logic with the AQtivate setting tool. The status of a
logical input signal can be changed either from the mimic or through SCADA. By default logical inputs
use "Hold" mode in which the status changes from 0 to 1 and from 1 to 0 only through user input. The
mode of each input can be changed to "Pulse" in which a logical input's status changes from 0 to 1
through user input and then immediately back to 0.

Logical output signals can be used as the end result of a logic that has been built in the AQtivate
setting tool. The end result can then be connected to a digital output or a LED in the matrix, block
functions and much more.

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GOOSE inputs are mainly used for controlling purposes and in conjunction with the IEC 61850
communication protocol. There are 64 GOOSE inputs signal status bits, and their status can be either
0 or 1. "GOOSE IN quality" checks the quality of a GOOSE input message. There are 64 GOOSE input
quality signals, and their status can be either 0 ("Good" or "Valid") or 1 ("Bad" or "Invalid"). Logical
outputs can be used when building a programmable logic. Activating a logic gate does not create an
event but when a logical output is connected to a logic gate it is possible to create an event
from the gate's activation. All logical inputs and outputs have both ON and OFF events, and they can
be masked on when necessary (they are masked off by default).

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Please refer to the "System integration" chapter for a more detailed description of the use of
logical signals.

4.5 Communication menu

The Communication main menu includes four submenus: Connections, Protocols, General IO and
Realtime signals to Comm. All devices can be configured through the Ethernet connection in the back
panel with the AQtivate setting tool software. Connecting to the AQtivate software requires knowing
the IP address of your device (can be found in the Communication →Connections submenu). As a
standard, the devices support the following communication protocols: NTP, IEC 61850, Modbus/TCP,
Modbus/RTU, IEC 103, IEC 101/104, SPA, DNP3 and Modbus/IO.

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Connections
Figure. 4.5 - 29. View of the Connections submenu.

The Connections submenu offers the following bits of information and settings:

ETHERNET

This section defines the IP settings for the ethernet port in the back panel of the unit.

• IP address: the IP address of the device which can be set by the user (the default IP address
depends on the device).
• Network: the network subnet mask is entered here.
• Gateway: the gateway is configured only when communicating with the devices in a separate
subnet.
• MAC-Address: Unique MAC address of the device. Not configurable by user.

SERIAL COM

This section defines the basic settings of RS-485 port in the back panel of the unit.

• Bitrate: displays the bitrate of the RS-485 serial communication interface (9600 bps as
standard, although can be changed to 19 200 bps or 38 400 bps if an external device
supports the faster speed).
• Databits, Parity and Stopbits: these can be set according the connected external devices.
• Protocol: by default the device does not have any serial protocol activated, although IEC
103, Modbus I/O and Modbus/RTU can be used for communication.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

When communicating with a device through a front Ethernet port connection, the IP address
is always 192.168.66.9.

SERIAL COM1 & COM2

SERIAL COM1 and SERIAL COM2 are reserved for serial communication option cards. They have the
same settings as RS-485 port.

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Protocols
Figure. 4.5 - 30. View of the Protocols submenu.

The Protocols submenu offers access to the various communication protocol configuration menus.
Some of the communication protocols use serial communication and some use Ethernet
communication. Serial communication protocols can be used either with the RS-485 port that is always
equipped in AQ-200 series units or with serial communication option card. Ethernet communication
protocols can be used either with the RJ-45 port in the back of the unit or with an ethernet
communication option card.

The communication protocols are:

• NTP: this protocol is used for time synchronization over Ethernet, and can be used
simultaneously with the ethernet based communication protocols.
• IEC 61850: Ethernet based communication protocol.
• Modbus/TCP: Ethernet communication protocol.
• Modbus/RTU: Serial communication protocol.
• IEC103: Serial communication protocol.
• IEC101/104: The standards IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 are closely related. On
the physical layer the IEC 101 protocol uses serial communication whereas the IEC 104
protocol uses Ethernet communication.
• SPA: Serial communication protocol.
• DNP3: Supports serial and Ethernet communication.
• ModbusIO: Used for connecting external devices like ADAM RTD measurement units.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Please refer to the "System integration" chapter for a more detailed text on the various
communication options.

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4.6 Measurement menu

Figure. 4.6 - 31. Measurement section.

The Measurement menu includes the following submenus: Transformers, Frequency, Current
measurement, Voltage measurement, Power and energy measurement, Impedance calculations, and
Phasors. The available measurement submenus depends on the type of IED in use. The ratio used by
the current and voltage transformers is defined in the Transformers submenu, while the system nominal
frequency is specified in the Frequency submenu. Other submenus are mainly for monitoring purposes.

Transformers
Figure. 4.6 - 32. Transformers section.

Transformers menu is used for setting up the measurement settings of available current transformer
modules or voltage transformer modules. Some unit types have more than one CT or VT module.
Some unit types like AQ-S214 do not have current or voltage transformers at all.

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CT module
Figure. 4.6 - 33. CT module section.

The three main sections ("Phase CT scaling", "Residual I01 CT scaling" and "Residual I02 CT scaling")
determine the ratio of the used transformers. Additionally, the nominal values are also determined in
the CT module submenu. Sometimes a mistake in the wiring can cause the polarity to be changed; in
such cases, you can invert the polarity of each phase current individually. The CT module submenu
also displays additional information such as CT scaling factors and per-unit scaling factors.

VT module
Figure. 4.6 - 34. VT module section.

Voltage transformer settings include voltage measurement mode selection, voltage transformer
nominal settings and voltage channel polarity switching. Voltage transformer setting defines what kind
of voltages are connected to the VT module card. The voltages are: three line-to-line voltages, three
line-to-neutral voltages, two line-to-line voltages leaving the third one free as additional voltage channel
for neutral voltage or synchrochecking. U4 channel can be set to work as residual voltage mode or
"SS" (system set) mode, which can be used for synchrochecking, synchronizing and other uses.

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VT primary and secondary voltages must match with the connected voltage transformer in addition to
the voltage measurement mode. These settings are then used for scaling the voltage channel input
voltages to primary and per unit values as well as power and energy measurement values if current
measurements are also available.

Frequency
Figure. 4.6 - 35. Frequency submenu.

Frequency measurements use the fixed sampling mode as the default, and "System nominal
frequency" should be set to the desired level. When "Sampling mode" is set to "Tracking", the device
uses the measured frequency value as the system nominal frequency. There are three frequency
reference channels: f Ref1, fRef2 and fRef3. With these parameters it is possible to set up three voltage
or current channels to be used for frequency sampling. Parameter "f.meas in use" indicates which of
the three channels are used for sampling if any.

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Current measurement
Figure. 4.6 - 36. Current measurement submenu.

Current measurement submenu includes various individual measurements for each phase or phase-to-
phase measurement.

The Current measurement submenu has been divided into four sections: "Phase currents", "Residual
currents", "Sequence currents", and "Harmonics".

• "Phase currents" and "Residual currents" have been further divided into four subsections
("Per-unit currents", "Primary currents", "Secondary currents" and "Phase angle"), and they
display the RMS, TRMS and peak-to-peak values, amplitude and power THD values as well
as the angle of each measured component.
• "Sequence currents" has also been further divided into the four above-mentioned sections,
and it calculates the positive, negative and neutral sequence currents.
• "Harmonics" displays current harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for the three phase
current (IL1, IL2, IL3) as well as the two residual currents (I01, I02); each component can be
displayed as absolute or percentage values, and as primary or secondary amperages or in
per-unit values.

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Voltage measurement
Figure. 4.6 - 37. Voltage measurement submenu and System Voltages menu.

Voltage measurement submenu includes various individual measurements for each phase or phase-to-
phase measurement.

The Voltage measurement submenu has been also divided into four sections: "Voltage inputs",
"Sequence voltages", "System voltages", and "Harmonics".

• "Voltage inputs" displays the values of per-unit and secondary voltages as well as phase
angles.
• "Sequence voltages" displays the per-unit, primary and secondary voltages as well as phase
angles, and it calculates the positive, negative and neutral sequence voltages.
• "System voltages" displays primary voltage magnitudes and primary voltage angles.
• "Harmonics" displays harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for all four voltages (U1, U2, U3,
U4); each component can be displayed as absolute or percentage values, and as primary or
secondary voltages or in per-unit values.

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Power and energy measurement

Figure. 4.6 - 38. Power and Energy measurement submenu.

The Power and energy measurement submenu includes three sections: "Power and energy
measurement settings", "Power measurements" and "Energy measurements". As the name suggests,
the first section determines the settings by which the power and energy calculations are made. In the
settings you can also activate (and then set the parameters) for the Energy dose counter mode. "Power
measurements" displays all three-phase powers as well as the powers of individual phases. "Energy
measurements" displays the three-phase energy as well as the energies of the individual phases.

Impedance calculations
Figure. 4.6 - 39. Impedance calculations submenu.

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The Impedance calculations submenu is divided into four sections: "Impedance calculation settings",
"Phase-to-phase impedances", "Phase-to-earth impedances" and "Positive sequence impedance". You
can activate impedance calculations in the first section. "Phase-to-phase impedances" display the
resistances and reactances of the three phase-to-phase connections, both primary and secondary, as
well as the primary and secondary impedances and impedance angles. "Phase-to-earth impedances"
displays the resistances and reactances of the three phases as well the primary and secondary
impedances and impedance angles. "Positive sequence impedance" displays the resistances and
reactances (both primary and secondary) of the positive sequence as well as its primary and
secondary impedances and the impedance angle.

Phasors
Figure. 4.6 - 40. Phasors submenu.

The Phasors submenu holds the vector displays for voltages and currents, as well as the various
calculated components the IED may have (e.g. power, impedance). Phasors are helpful when solving
incorrect wiring issues.

4.7 Monitoring menu

The Monitoring main menu includes submenus (see the image below) for enabling the various
monitoring functions (Monitors enabled), setting the various monitoring functions (Monitor functions),
controlling the disturbance recorder (Disturbance REC) and accessing the device diagnostics (Device
diagnostics). The available monitoring functions depend on the type of the device in use.

Figure. 4.7 - 41. Monitoring menu view.

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Monitors enabled
Figure. 4.7 - 42. Monitors enabled submenu.

You can activate the selected monitor functions in the Monitors enabled submenu. By default all the
control functions are disabled. All activated functions can be viewed in the Monitor functions submenu
(see the section "Monitor functions" below for more information).

Monitor functions
Figure. 4.7 - 43. Monitor function view.

Configuring monitor functions is very similar to configuring protection and control stages. They, too,
have the five sections that display information ("Info"), set the parameters ("Settings"), show the inputs
and outputs ("I/O") and present the events and registers ("Events" and "Registers").

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Disturbance recorder
Figure. 4.7 - 44. Disturbance recorder settings.

The Disturbance recorder submenu has the following settings:

• "Recorder enabled" enables or disables the recorder.

• "Recorder status" indicates the status of the recorder.
• "Clear record" records the chosen record in the memory.
• "Manual trigger" triggers the recorder when set to "Clear". Goes back to "-" when afterwards.
• "Clear all records", "Clear newest record" and "Clear oldest record" allows the clearing of all,
the latest, or the oldest recording.
• "Max. amount of recordings" displays the maximum number of recordings; depends on the
number of channels, the sample rate and the legnth of the file.
• "Max. length of recording" displays the maximum length of a single recording; depends on the
number of chosen channels and the sample rate.
• "Recordings in memory" displays the number of recordings currently in the disturbance
recorder's memory.
• "Recorder trigger" shows which signals or other states has been selected to trigger the
recording (digital input, logical input or output, signals of a stage, object position, etc.); by
default nothing triggers the recorder.
• "Recording length" displays the length of a single recording and can be set
between 0.1…1800 seconds.
• "Recording mode" can be selected to replace the oldest recording ("FIFO") or to keep the old
recordings ("FILO").
• "Analog channel samples" determines the sample rate of analog channels, and it can be
selected to be 8/16/32/62 samples per cycle.
• "Digital channel samples" displays the sample rate in a digital channel; this is a fixed 5 ms.
• "Pretriggering time" can be selected between 0.1…15.0 s.
• The IED can record up to 20 (20) analog channels that can be selected from the twenty (20)
available channels. Every measured current or voltage signal can be selected to be recorded.

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• Enabling "Auto. get recordings" allows the device to automatically upload recordings to the
designated FTP folder (which, in turn, allows any FTP client to read the recordings from the
IED's memory).
• "Rec. digital channels" is a long list of the possible digital channels that can be recorded
(including primary and secondary amplitudes and currents, calculated signals, TRMS values,
sequence components, inputs and outputs, etc.).

Device diagnostics
Figure. 4.7 - 45. Device diagnostics submenu.

The Device Diagnostics submenu gives a detailed feedback of the device's current condition. It also
shows whether option cards have been installed correctly without problems. If you see something out
of the ordinary in the Device diagnostics submenu and cannot reset it, please contact the closest
representative of the manufacturer or the manufacturer of the device itself.

4.8 Configuring user levels and their passwords

As a factory default, no user level is locked with a password in an IED. In order to activate the different
user levels, click the Lock button in the device's HMI and set the desired passwords for the different
user levels.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Passwords can only be set locally in an HMI.

A number of stars are displayed in the upper right corner of the HMI; these indicate the current user
level. The different user levels and their star indicators are as follows (also, see the image below for the
HMI view):
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• Super user (***)

• Configurator (**)
• Operator (*)
• User ( - )

You can set a new password for a user level by selecting the key icon next to the user level's name.
After this you can lock the user level by pressing the Return key while the lock is selected. If you need
to change the password, you can select the key icon again and give a new password. Please note that
in order to do this the user level whose password is being changed must be unlocked.

As mentioned above, the access level of the different user levels is indicated by the number of stars.
The required access level to change a parameter is indicated with a star (*) symbol if such is required.
As a general rule the access levels are divided as follows:

• User: Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings, nor operate
breakers or other equipment.
• Operator: Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings BUT can
operate breakers and other equipment.

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• Configurator: Can change most settings such as basic protection pick-up levels or time
delays, breaker control functions, signal descriptions etc. and can operate breakers
and other equipment.
• Super user: Can change any setting and can operate breakers and other equipment.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour (30 minutes) of
inactivity.

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5 Functions
5.1 Functions included in AQ-P215
The AQ-P215 power monitoring IED includes the following functions as well as the number of stages in
those functions.

Table. 5.1 - 4. Measurement functions of AQ-P215.

Name Description

ILx
ILx TRMS Phase currents
ILx peak-to-peak

Phase angle
Current phase angle
ILx

I01, I02 Residual currents

Phase angle
Residual current angle
I01, I02

Sequence currents Positive, negative and zero sequence currents

Phase-to-neutral voltages

U1, U2, U3, U12, U23, U31 Ux TRMS Phase-to-phase voltages

Voltage TRMS values

U0 Residual voltage

Sequence voltages Positive, negative and zero sequence voltages

f Frequency

P, Q, S Active, reactive and apparent power

S Total three-phase and per-phase apparent power

P Total three-phase and per-phase active power

Q Total three-phase and per-phase reactive power

Tan (phi) Three-phase and per-phase active power direction

Cos (phi) Three-phase and per-phase reactive power direction

E+ Total and per-phase exported active energy

E- Total and per-phase imported active energy

Eq+ Total and per-phase imported reactive capacitive energy

Eq- Total and per-phase imported reactive inductive energy

E+/E- Sum of imported and exported active energy

Sum of imported and exported reactive capacitive energy

Eq+/Eq-
Sum of imported and exported reactive inductive energy

E+, E, Eq+, Eq- Energy measurements

U1.-31.harm.,
I1.-31.harm. Voltage and current harmonics up to 31st

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Table. 5.1 - 5. Protection, control and monitoring functions of AQ-P215.

Name IEC ANSI Description

VMEM - - Voltage memory

RTD (16) - - Resistance temperature detectors

PGS (10) PGx>/< 99 Programmable stage

SGS - - Setting group selection

RHC - - Running hour counter

PCS - - Programmable control switch

mA output - - Milliampere output control

DR - - Disturbance recorder

5.2 Measurements

5.2.1 Current measurement and scaling

The current measurement module (CT module, or CTM) is used for measuring the currents from
current transformers. The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they
are used by measurement and protection functions. It is essential to understand the concept of current
measurements to be able to get correct measurements.

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Figure. 5.2.1 - 46. Current measurement terminology

PRI: The primary current, i.e. the current which flows in the primary circuit and through the primary side
of the current transformer.

SEC: The secondary current, i.e. the current which the current transformer transforms according to its
ratios. This current is measured by the device.

NOM: The nominal primary current of the protected object.

For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are
connected to the correct inputs, that the current direction is connected to the correct polarity, and that
the scaling is set according to the nominal values of the current transformer.

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The device calculates the scaling factors based on the set values of the CT primary, the CT secondary
and the nominal current settings. The device measures the secondary current, the current output from
the current transformer installed into application's primary circuit. The rated primary and secondary
currents of the CT need to be set for the device to "know" the primary and per-unit values. With motors
and other specific electrical apparatus protections, the motor's nominal current should be set for the
values to be in per unit with regards to the apparatus nominal instead of the CT nominal. This is not
always mandatory as some devices still require manual calculations for the correct settings; however,
setting the motors nominal current makes motor protection much easier and more straightforward. In
modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer's
primary current, secondary current and motor nominal current are set.

Normally, the primary current ratings for phase current transformers are 10 A, 12.5 A, 15 A, 20 A, 25
A, 30 A, 40 A, 50 A, 60 A and 75 A as well as their decimal multiples, while the secondary current
ratings are 1 A and 5 A. Other, non-standard ratings can be directly connected as the scaling settings
are flexible and have large ranges. For example, the ring core current transformer ratings may vary.
Ring core current transformers are commonly used for sensitive earth fault protection and their rated
secondary current may be as low as 0.2 A in some cases.

The following chapter is an example on how to set the scaling of the current measurements for the
selected current transformer and system load.

Example of CT scaling
The following figure presents how CTs are connected to the device's measurement inputs. It also shows
example CT ratings and nominal current of the load.

Figure. 5.2.1 - 47. Connections.

The following table presents the initial data of the connection.

Table. 5.2.1 - 6. Initial data.

Pha
hase
se curr
current
ent C
CTT Ring cor
coreeC
CTT in Input I02
Load ((nominal)
nominal)
- CT primary: 100 A - I0CT primary: 10 A
36 A
- CT secondary: 5 A - I0CT secondary: 1 A

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- the phase currents are connected to the I01 residual via a Holmgren connection

- the starpoint of the phase current CT's secondary current is towards the line

Phase CT scaling

Next, to scale the current to per-unit values, we have to select whether the basis of the phase CT
scaling is the protected object's nominal current or the CT primary value.

If the CT values are chosen to be the basis for the per-unit scaling, the option "CT nom. p.u." is selected
for the "Scale meas to In" setting (see the image below).

Figure. 5.2.1 - 48. Setting the phase current transformer scalings to CT nominal.

Once the setting have been sent to the device, device calculates the scaling factors and displays them
for the user. The "CT scaling factor P/S" describes the ratio between the primary current and the
secondary current. The per-unit scaling factors ("Ipu scaling") for both primary and secondary
values are also displayed (in this case they are the set primary and secondary currents of the CT).

If the protected object's nominal current is chosen to be the basis for the per-unit scaling, the option
"Object in p.u." is selected for the "Scale meas to In" setting (see the image below).

Figure. 5.2.1 - 49. Setting the phase current transformer scalings to the protected object's nominal current.

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Once the measurement scaling is tied to the protected object's nominal current, the user must set the
appropriate input for the "Nominal current In" setting. One can now see the differences between
the two scaling options (CT nominal vs. object nominal). The "CT scaling factor P/S" is the direct ratio
between the set CT current values, and the "CT scaling factor NOM" is now the ratio between the set
CT primary and the nominal current. The "Ipu scaling primary" is now equal to the set nominal current,
and the "Ipu scaling secondary" is the ratio between the nominal current and the "CT scaling factor P/
S".

Residual I0 CT scaling

Next, we set the residual IO CT scalings according to how the phase current CTs and the ring core CT
are connected to the module (see the Connections image at the beginning of this chapter).

The phase current CTs are connected to the module via a Holmgren (summing) connection, which
requires the use of coarse residual current measurement settings: the "I01 CT" settings are set
according to the phase current CTs' ratings (100/5 A).

Figure. 5.2.1 - 50. Residual I01 CT scaling (coarse).

The ring core CT is connected to the CTM directly, which requires the use of sensitive residual current
measurement settings: the "I02 CT" settings are set according to the ring core CT's ratings (10/1 A).

Figure. 5.2.1 - 51. Residual I02 CT scaling (sensitive).

Displaying the scaling

Depending on whether the scaling was done based on the CT primary values or the protected object's
nominal current, the measurements are displayed slightly differently. The first of the two images shows
how the measurements are displayed when the CT primary values are the basis for the scaling; the
second shows them when the protected object's nominal current is the basis for the scaling.

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Figure. 5.2.1 - 52. Scalings display (based on the CT nominal).

Figure. 5.2.1 - 53. Scalings display (based on the protected object's nominal current).

As the images above show, the scaling selection does not affect how primary and secondary currents
are displayed (as actual values). The only effect is that the per-unit system in the device is scaled either
to the CT nominal or to the object nominal, making the settings input straightforward.

Example of zero sequence CT scaling

Zero sequence CT scaling (ZCT scaling) is done when a zero sequence CT instead of a ring core CT is
part of the measurement connection. In such a case the zero sequence CT should be connected to the
I02 channel which has lower CT scaling ranges (see the image below).

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Figure. 5.2.1 - 54. Connections of ZCT scaling.

Troubleshooting
When the measured current values differ from the expected current values, the following table offers
possible solutions for the problems.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

If you work with energized CTs, extreme caution needs to be taken when checking the
connections! An opened CT secondary circuit may generate dangerously high voltages. A
"buzzing" sound from the connector can indicate an open circuit.

Problem Solution

The measured current The scaling settings may be wrong, check that the settings match with the connected current
amplitude in all phases transformer (Measurement → Transformers → Phase CT scaling). Also check that the "Scale meas.
does not match the to In" is set accordingly. If possible, check the actual CTs and their ratings as there may have been a
injected current. need to change the original plan.

The measured current

amplitude does not
match one of the
measured phases./
Check the wiring connections between the injection device or the CTs and the device.
The calculated I0 is
measured even though
it should not.

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Problem Solution

The phase currents are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all
phases is incorrect. In device settings, go to Measurement → Phasors and check the "Phase
current vectors" diagram. When all connections are correct, the diagram (symmetric feeding) should
look like this:
The measured current
amplitudes are OK but
the angles are strange./

The phase unbalance

protection trips
immediately after
activation./

The earth fault

protection trips
immediately after
activation.

See the following tables for the most common problems with phase polarity and network rotation
(mixed phases).

The following image presents the most common problems with phase polarity. Problems with phase
polarity are easy to find because the vector diagram points towards the opposite polarity when a phase
has been incorrectly connected.

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Figure. 5.2.1 - 55. Common phase polarity problems.

The following image presents the most common problems with network rotation (mix phases). These
problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the device. If
two phases are mixed together, the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1-IL3-IL2 and the
measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1.00 (in. p.u.).

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Figure. 5.2.1 - 56. Common network rotation (mixed phases) problems.

Settings
Table. 5.2.1 - 7. Settings of the Phase CT scaling.

Name Unit Range Step Default Description

0: CT
Scale 0: CT The selection of the reference used in the device's per-unit system
nom p.u.
measurement to - - nom scaling. Either the set phase current CT primary or the protected
1: Object
In p.u. object's nominal current.
In p.u.

Phase CT
A 1…25000 0.001 100 The rated primary current of the current transformer.
primary

Phase CT
A 0.2…10 0.001 5 The rated secondary current of the current transformer.
secondary

The nominal current of the protected object. This setting is only

Nominal current
A 1…25000 0.001 100 visible if the option "Object In p.u." has been selected in the "Scale
In
measurement to In" setting.

The selection of the first current measurement channel's (IL1)

0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive current to
IL1 Polarity - - 0: -
1: Invert flow from connector 1 to connector 2, with the secondary currents'
starpoint pointing towards the line.

The selection of the second current measurement channel's (IL2)

0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive current to
IL2 Polarity - - 0: -
1: Invert flow from connector 3 to connector 4, with the secondary currents'
starpoint pointing towards the line.

The selection of the third current measurement channel's (IL3)

0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive current to
IL3 Polarity - - 0: -
1: Invert flow from connector 5 to connector 6, with the secondary currents'
starpoint pointing towards the line.

CT scaling A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio
- - - -
factor P/S between the primary current and the secondary current.

A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio

CT scaling between the set primary current and the set nominal current. This
- - - -
factor NOM parameter is only visible if the option "Object In p.u." has been
selected in the "Scale measurement to In" setting.

Ipu scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the primary current's per-
- - - -
primary unit value.

Ipu scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the secondary current's per-
- - - -
secondary unit value.

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Table. 5.2.1 - 8. Settings of the Residual I01 CT scaling.

Name Unit Range Step Default Description

I01 CT
A 0.2…25000 0.00001 100 The rated primary current of the current transformer.
primary

I01 CT
A 0.1…10.000 0.00001 1 The rated secondary current of the current transformer.
secondary

The selection of the coarse residual measurement channel's (I01)

I01 0: -
- - 0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive current to
Polarity 1: Invert
flow from connector 7 to connector 8.

CT
A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio
scaling - - - -
between the primary current and the secondary current.
factor P/S

Table. 5.2.1 - 9. Settings of the Residual I02 CT scaling.

Name Unit Range Step Default Description

I02 CT
A 0.2…25000 0.00001 100 The rated primary current of the current transformer.
primary

I02 CT
A 0.001…10 0.00001 0.2 The rated secondary current of the current transformer.
secondary

The selection of the sensitive residual measurement channel's (I02)

I02 0: -
- - 0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive current to
Polarity 1: Invert
flow from connector 9 to connector 10.

CT
A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio
scaling - - - -
between the primary current and the secondary current.
factor P/S

Measurements
The following measurements are available in the measured current channels.

Table. 5.2.1 - 10. Per-unit phase current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Phase current
The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from each of the phase current
ILx × In 0.000…1250.000 0.001
channels.
("Pha.curr.ILx")

Phase current
ILx TRMS
× In 0.00…1250.00 0.01 The TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement (in p.u.)
("Pha.curr.ILx from each of the phase current channels.
TRMS")

Peak-to-peak
The peak-to-peak current measurement (in p.u.) from each of the phase
current ILx × In 0.00…500.00 0.01
current channels.
("P-P curr.ILx")

Table. 5.2.1 - 11. Primary phase current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Primary phase
The primary RMS current measurement from each of the phase
current ILx A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
current channels.
("Pri.Pha.curr.ILx")

Primary phase
current ILx TRMS
A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 The primary TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st)
("Pha.curr.ILx measurement from each of the phase current channels.
TRMS Pri")

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Table. 5.2.1 - 12. Secondary phase current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary phase
The primary RMS current measurement from each of the phase
current ILx A 0.00…300.00 0.01
current channels.
("Sec.Pha.curr.ILx")

Secondary phase
current ILx TRMS
A 0.00…300.00 0.01 The primary TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement
("Pha.curr.ILx TRMS from each of the phase current channels.
Sec")

Table. 5.2.1 - 13. Phase angle measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Phase angle ILx

deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The phase angle measurement from each of the three phase current inputs.
("Pha.angle ILx")

Table. 5.2.1 - 14. Per-unit residual current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Residual current I0x The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the residual current
× In 0.00…1250.00 0.01
("Res.curr.I0x") channel I01 or I02.

The RMS current measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated I0

Calculated I0 × In 0.00…1250.00 0.01
current channel.

Phase current
I0x TRMS × In 0.00…1250.00 0.01 The TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement (in p.u.)
("Res.curr.I0x TRMS") from the residual current channel I01 or I02.

Peak-to-peak current
The peak-to-peak current measurement (in p.u.) from the residual
I0x × In 0.00…500.00 0.01
current channel I01 or I02.
("P-P curr.I0x")

Table. 5.2.1 - 15. Primary residual current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Primary residual
The primary RMS current measurement from the residual current
current I0x A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
channel I01 or I02.
("Pri.Res.curr.I0x")

Primary calculated
The primary RMS current measurement from the calculated
I0 A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
current channel I0.
("Pri.calc.I0")

Primary residual
current I0x TRMS
A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 The TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement from
("Res.curr.I0x TRMS the primary residual current channel I01 or I02.
Pri")

Table. 5.2.1 - 16. Secondary residual current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary residual
The secondary RMS current measurement from the residual current
current I0x A 0.00…300.00 0.01
channel I01 or I02.
("Sec.Res.curr.I0x")

Secondary
The secondary RMS current measurement from the calculated current
calculated I0 A 0.00…300.00 0.01
channel I0.
("Sec.calc.I0")

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Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary residual
current I0x TRMS
A 0.00…300.00 0.01 The secondary TRMS current (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement
(Res.curr.I0x TRMS from the secondary residual current channel I01 or I02.
Sec")

Table. 5.2.1 - 17. Residual phase angle measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Residual current angle

The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or I02 current
I0x deg 0.00…360.00 0.01
input.
("Res.curr.angle I0x")

calc.I0 Pha.angle deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The calculated residual current angle measurement.

Table. 5.2.1 - 18. Per-unit sequence current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Positive sequence The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated positive sequence
× In 0.00…1250.00 0.01
current current.

Negative sequence The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated negative sequence
× In 0.00…1250.00 0.01
current current.

The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated zero sequence

Zero sequence current × In 0.00…1250.00 0.01
current.

Table. 5.2.1 - 19. Primary sequence current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Primary positive sequence

current The primary measurement from the calculated positive
A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
("Pri.Positivesequence sequence current.
curr.")

Primary negative sequence

current The primary measurement from the calculated negative
A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
("Pri.Negative sequence sequence current.
curr.")

Primary zero sequence

The primary measurement from the calculated zero
current A 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
sequence current.
("Pri.Zero sequence curr.")

Table. 5.2.1 - 20. Secondary sequence current measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary positive sequence

current The secondary measurement from the calculated positive
A 0.00…300.00 0.01
("Sec.Positive sequence sequence current.
curr.")

Secondary negative sequence

current The secondary measurement from the calculated negative
A 0.00…300.00 0.01
("Sec.Negative sequence sequence current.
curr")

Secondary zero sequence

The secondary measurement from the calculated zero
current A 0.00…300.00 0.01
sequence current.
("Sec.Zero sequence curr.")

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Table. 5.2.1 - 21. Sequence phase angle measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Positive sequence current angle

deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The calculated positive sequence current angle.
("Positive sequence curr.angle")

Negative sequence current angle

deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The calculated negative sequence current angle.
("Negative sequence curr.angle")

Zero sequence current angle

deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The calculated zero sequence current angle.
("Zero sequence curr.angle")

Table. 5.2.1 - 22. Harmonic current measurements.

Name Range Step Description

Harmonics
calculation values 0: Percent Defines whether the harmonics are calculated as percentage or
- -
("Harm Abs.or 1: Absolute absolute values.
Perc.")

0: Per unit
Defines how the harmonics are displayed: in p.u values, as primary
Harmonics display - 1: Primary A -
current values, or as secondary current values.
2: Secondary A

Maximum harmonics
value Displays the maximum harmonics value of the selected current input
A 0.00...100000.00 0.01
("Ixx maximum ILx or I0x.
harmonic")

Fundamental
0.01 Displays the current value of the fundamental frequency (RMS) from
frequency A 0.00...100000.00
the selected current input ILx or I0x.
("Ixx fundamental")

Ixx harmonics
A 0.00…100000.00 0.01 Displays the selected harmonic from the current input ILx or I0x.
(2nd...31st harmonic)

Ixx Amplitude THD % 0.000...100.000 0.001 Amplitude ratio THD voltage. Recognized by IEC.

Ixx Power THD % 0.000...100.000 0.001 Power ratio THD voltage. Recognized by the IEEE.

5.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling

The voltage measurement module (VT module, or VTM) is used for measuring the voltages from
voltage transformers. The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they
are used by measurement and protection functions (the protection function availability depends of the
device type). It is essential to understand the concept of voltage measurements to be able to get
correct measurements.

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Figure. 5.2.2 - 57. Voltage measurement terminology

PRI: The primary voltage, i.e. the voltage in the primary circuit which is connected to the primary side of
the voltage transformer.

SEC: The secondary voltage, i.e. the voltage which the voltage transformer transforms according to the
ratio. This voltage is measured by the device.

For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are
connected to the correct inputs, that the voltage direction correct, and that the scaling is set correctly.

The device calculates the scaling factors based on the set VT primary, and secondary voltage values.
The device measures secondary voltages, which are the voltage outputs from the VT installed into the
application's primary circuit. The voltage can be measured directly from the system as well (up to 400 V
nominal line to neutral voltage). When connecting voltage directly, measuring mode must be set to
3LN+U4 mode. The rated primary and secondary voltages of the VT need to be set for the device to
"know" the primary and per-unit values. In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done
internally after the voltage transformer's primary and secondary voltages are set.

Normally, the primary line-to-line voltage rating for VTs is 400 V...60 kV, while the secondary voltage
ratings are 100 V...210 V. Non-standard ratings can also be directly connected as the scaling settings
are flexible and have large ranges.

Example of VT scaling
The following figure presents how VTs are connected to the device's measurement inputs. It also shows
the VT ratings. In the figure below, three line-to-neutral voltages are connected along with the zero
sequence voltage; therefore, the 3LN+U4 mode must be selected and the U4 channel must be set as
U0. Other possible connections are presented later in this chapter.

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Figure. 5.2.2 - 58. Connections.

The following table presents the initial data of the connection.

Table. 5.2.2 - 23. Initial data.

Pha
hase
se vvolta
oltage
ge V
VTT Zer
eroo sequence vvolta
oltage
ge V
VTT

- VT primary: 20 000 V - U4 VT primary: 20 000 V

- VT secondary: 100 V - U4 VT secondary: 100 V

- the zero sequence voltage is connected similarly to line-to-neutral voltages (+U0).

- in case wiring is incorrect, all polarities can be individually switched by 180 degrees in the device.

If the protection is voltage-based, the supervised voltage can be based either on line-to-line voltages or
on line-to-earth voltages. This selection is defined in the "Measured magnitude" of each protection
stage menu separately (Protection → Voltage → [protection stage menu] → INFO; see the image
below). The number of available protection functions depends on the device type.

Figure. 5.2.2 - 59. Selecting the measured magnitude.

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Voltage protection itself is based on the nominal voltage. A 20 000 V nominal voltage equals a 100 %
setting in voltage-based protection functions. A 120 % trip setting in the overvoltage stage equals to
24 000 V on the primary level (in this case a 20 % increase equals 4000 V).

Once the settings have been sent to the device, device calculates the scaling factors and displays
them for the user. The "VT scaling factor P/S" describes the ratio between the primary voltage and the
secondary voltage. The per-unit scaling factors ("VT scaling factor p.u.") for both primary and
secondary values are also displayed.

The triggering of a voltage protection stage can be based on one, two, or three voltages (the "Pick-up
terms" setting at Protection → Voltage → [protection stage menu] → Settings). Fault loops are either
line-to-line or line-to-neutral according to the "Measured magnitude" setting. As a default, the activation
of any one voltage trips the voltage protection stage.

Figure. 5.2.2 - 60. Selecting the operating mode.

There are several different ways to use all four voltage channels. The voltage measurement modes are
the following:

• 3LN+U4 (three line-to-neutral voltages and U4 can be used for either zero sequence voltage
or synchrochecking)
• 3LL+U4 (three line-to-line voltages and U4 can be used either for zero sequence voltage or
synchrochecking)
• 2LL+U3+U4 (two line-to-line voltages and the U3 and the U4 channels can be used for
synchrochecking, zero sequence voltage, or for both)

The 3LN+U0 is the most common voltage measurement mode. See below for example connections of
voltage line-to-line measurement (3LL on the left, 2LL on the right).

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Figure. 5.2.2 - 61. Example connections for voltage line-to-line measurement.

If only two line-to-line voltages are measured, the third one (UL31) is calculated based on the UL12 and
UL23 vectors. When measuring line-to-line voltages, the line-to-neutral voltages can also be calculated
as long as the value of U0 is measured and known.

The voltage measurement channel U4 can also be used to measure either the zero sequence voltage
(U0) or the side 2 voltage of the circuit breaker (Synchrocheck). If the 2LL+U3+U4 mode is selected,
the third channel (U3) can be used for this purpose. Please note that U0 can only be measured by
using a single channel.

In the image below is an example of 2LL+U0+SS, that is, two line-to-line measurements with the zero
sequence voltage and voltage from side 2 for Synchrocheck. Since U0 is available, line-to-neutral
voltages can be calculated.

Figure. 5.2.2 - 62. 2LL+U0+SS settings and connections.

The image collection below presents the device's behavior when nominal voltage is injected into the
device via secondary test equipment. The measurement mode is 3LN+U4 which means that the device
is measuring line-to-neutral voltages. The VT scaling has been set to 20 000 : 100 V. The U4 channel
measures the zero sequence voltage which has the same ratio (20 000 : 100 V).

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Figure. 5.2.2 - 63. Measurement behavior when nominal voltage injected.

The image collection below presents the device's behavior when voltage is injected into the device via
secondary test equipment during an earth fault. The measurement mode is 3LN+U4 which means that
the device is measuring line-to-neutral voltages. The VT scaling has been set to 20 000 : 100 V. The
U4 channel measures the zero sequence voltage which has the same ratio (20 000 : 100 V).

Figure. 5.2.2 - 64. Device behavior when voltage injected during an earth fault.

Troubleshooting
When the measured voltage values differ from the expected voltage values, the following table offers
possible solutions for the problems.

Problem Check / Resolution

The measured
voltage amplitude in all The scaling settings or the voltage measurement mode may be wrong, check that the settings
phases does not match match with the connected voltage transformer (Measurement → Transformers → VT Module).
the injected voltage.

The measured
voltage amplitude does
not match one of the
measured phases./
Check the wiring connections between the injection device or the VTs and the device.
The calculated U0 is
measured even though it
should not.

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Problem Check / Resolution

The voltages are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all
phases is incorrect. In device settings, go to Measurement → Phasors and check the "System
The measured voltage vectors" diagram. When all connections are correct, the diagram (symmetric feeding)
voltage amplitudes are should look like this:
OK but the angles are
strange./

The voltage unbalance

protection trips
immediately after
activation./

The earth fault protection

trips immediately after it is
activated and voltage
calculated.

Settings
Table. 5.2.2 - 24. Settings of the VT scaling.

Name Range Step Default Description

Voltage 0: 3LN+U4
0: The device's voltage wiring method. The voltages are scaled
measurement 1: 3LL+U4 -
3LN+U4 according the set voltage measurement mode.
mode 2: 2LL+U3+U4

The voltage channel U3 can be used to measure zero sequence

0: Not Used 0: Not
U3 mode U0 voltage (U0) or the Synchrocheck voltage (SS). If neither is needed,
1: U0 - Used
or SS the (default) option "Not Used" should be active. This setting is only
2: SS
valid if the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected.

Defines how the secondary voltage is scaled to the primary. Does not
U0 (U3) 0: Broken Delta
0: Broken affect how protection operates, it only affects the displayed primary
Measured 1: Neutral point -
delta voltages. This parameter is visible when the "U3 mode U0 or SS" has
from 2: Open delta
been set to the "U0" mode.

0: Not Used 0: Not The voltage channel U4 can be used to measure zero sequence
U4 mode U0
1: U0 - Used voltage (U0) or the Synchrocheck voltage (SS). If neither is needed,
or SS
2: SS the (default) option "Not Used" should be active.

Defines how the secondary voltage is scaled to the primary. Does not
U0 (U4) 0: Broken Delta
0: Broken affect how protection operates, it only affects the displayed primary
Measured 1: Neutral point -
delta voltages. This parameter is visible when the "U4 mode U0 or SS" has
from 2: Open delta
been set to the "U0" mode.

Voltage 0: Disabled 0: Activates the voltage memory. The "Voltage memory" chapter
-
memory 1: Activated Disabled describes the function in more detail.

0: No P-E
voltages
Indicates whether or not phase-to-earth voltages are available. Also
available
P-E Voltage indicates whether P-E voltages are measured from the voltage
1: P-E Voltages - -
measurements channels directly or if they are calculated from measured line-to-line
calculated
and zero sequence voltages.
2: P-E Voltages
measured

VT primary 1…1000000.0V 0.1V 20000.0V The rated primary voltage of the voltage transformer.

VT secondary 0.2…400.0V 0.1V 100.0V The rated secondary voltage of the voltage transformer.

U3 Res/SS VT The primary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT. This

1…1000000V 0.1V 20000.0V
primary setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected.

U3 Res/SS VT The secondary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT. This

0.2…400V 0.1V 100.0V
secondary setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected.

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Name Range Step Default Description

U4 Res/SS VT
1…1000000V 0.1V 20000.0V The primary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT.
primary

U4 Res/SS VT
0.2…400V 0.1V 100.0V The secondary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT.
secondary

The selection of the first voltage measurement channel's (U1) polarity

0: - (direction). The default setting is for the positive voltage to flow from
U1 Polarity - 0: -
1: Invert connector 1 to connector 2, with the secondary voltage's starpoint
pointing towards the line.

The selection of the second voltage measurement channel's (U2)

0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive voltage to
U2 Polarity - 0: -
1: Invert flow from connector 1 to connector 2, with the secondary voltage's
starpoint pointing towards the line.

The selection of the third voltage measurement channel's (U3) polarity

0: - (direction). The default setting is for the positive voltage to flow from
U3 Polarity - 0: -
1: Invert connector 1 to connector 2, with the secondary voltage's starpoint
pointing towards the line.

The selection of the fourth voltage measurement channel's (U4)

0: - polarity (direction). The default setting is for the positive voltage to
U4 Polarity - 0: -
1: Invert flow from connector 1 to connector 2, with the secondary voltage's
starpoint pointing towards the line.

VT scaling A feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio
- - -
factor P/S between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage.

VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the primary voltage's per-
- - -
factor p.u. Pri unit value.

VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor for the secondary voltage's per-
- - -
factor p.u. Sec unit value.

U3 VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor that is the ratio between the U3
factor P/S U0/ - - - channel's primary and secondary voltages. This setting is only valid if
SS the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected.

A feedback value for channel U3; the scaling factor for the primary
U3 scaling
- - - voltage's per-unit value. This setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4"
factor p.u. Pri
mode is selected.

A feedback value for channel U3; the scaling factor for the secondary
U3 scaling
- - - voltage's per-unit value. This setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4"
factor p.u. Sec
mode is selected.

U4 VT scaling A feedback value; the scaling factor that is the ration between the U4
factor P/S U0/ - - - channel's primary and secondary voltages. This setting is only valid is
SS the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected.

A feedback value for channel U4; the scaling factor for the primary
U4 scaling
- - - voltage's per-unit value. This setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4"
factor p.u. Pri
mode is selected.

A feedback value for channel U4; the scaling factor for the secondary
U4 scaling
- - - voltage's per-unit value. This setting is only valid if the "2LL+U3+U4"
factor p.u. Sec
mode is selected.

Measurements
The following measurements are available in the measured voltage channels.

Table. 5.2.2 - 25. Per-unit voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Voltage Ux
× Un 0.00…500.0 0.01 The RMS voltage measurement (in p.u.) from each of the voltage channels.
("UxVolt p.u.")

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Name Unit Range Step Description

Voltage Ux
TRMS
× Un 0.00…500.0 0.01 The TRMS voltage (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement (in p.u.)
("UxVolt TRMS from each of the voltage channels.
p.u.")

Table. 5.2.2 - 26. Secondary voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary voltage
The secondary RMS voltage measurement from each of the voltage
Ux V 0.00…500.0 0.01
channels.
("Ux Volt sec")

Secondary voltage
Ux TRMS
V 0.00…500.0 0.01 The secondary TRMS voltage (inc. harmonics up to 31st) measurement
("UxVolt TRMS from each of the voltage channels.
sec")

Table. 5.2.2 - 27. Voltage phase angle measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Ux Angle deg 0.00…360.00 0.01 The phase angle measurement from each of the four voltage inputs.

Table. 5.2.2 - 28. Per-unit sequence voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Positive sequence
The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated positive sequence
voltage × Un 0.00…500.0 0.01
voltage.
("Pos.seq.Volt.p.u.")

Negative sequence
The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated negative sequence
voltage × Un 0.00…500.0 0.01
voltage.
("Neg.seq.Volt.p.u.")

Zero sequence voltage The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated zero sequence
× Un 0.00…500.0 0.01
("Zero.seq.Volt.p.u.") voltage.

Table. 5.2.2 - 29. Primary sequence voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Primary positive sequence

The primary measurement from the calculated positive
voltage V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Pos.seq.Volt.pri")

Primary negative sequence

The primary measurement from the calculated negative
voltage V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Neg.seq.Volt.pri")

Primary zero sequence

The primary measurement from the calculated zero
voltage V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Zero.seq.Volt.pri")

Table. 5.2.2 - 30. Secondary sequence voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary positive sequence

The secondary measurement from the calculated positive
voltage V 0.00…4800.0 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Pos.seq.Volt.sec")

Secondary negative sequence

The secondary measurement from the calculated negative
voltage V 0.00…4800.0 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Neg.seq.Volt.sec")

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Name Unit Range Step Description

Secondary zero sequence

The secondary measurement from the calculated zero
voltage V 0.00…4800.0 0.01
sequence voltage.
("Zero.seq.Volt.sec")

Table. 5.2.2 - 31. Sequence voltage angle measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Positive sequence voltage angle

deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The calculated positive sequence voltage angle.
("Pos.seq.Volt.Angle")

Negative sequence voltage angle

deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The calculated negative sequence voltage angle.
("Neg.seq.Volt.Angle")

Zero sequence voltage angle

deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The calculated zero sequence voltage angle.
("Zero.seq.Volt.Angle")

Table. 5.2.2 - 32. System primary voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-line UL12 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL12 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL12
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-line UL23 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL23 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL23
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-line UL31 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL31 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL31
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-neutral UL1 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL1 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL1
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-neutral UL2 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL2 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL2
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude
The primary RMS line-to-neutral UL3 voltage (measured or calculated). You
UL3 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01
can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
("System
volt UL3
mag")

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Name Unit Range Step Description

System
voltage
magnitude The primary RMS zero sequence U0 voltage (measured or calculated). You
U0 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 can also select the row where the unit for this is kV. There is also a row
("System where the unit is %.
volt U0
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude The primary measured RMS Synchrocheck voltage (SS). This magnitude is
U3 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 displayed only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and
("System U4 are in use. You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
volt U3
mag")

System
voltage
magnitude The primary measured RMS Synchrocheck voltage (SS). This magnitude is
U4 V 0.00…1000000.00 0.01 displayed only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and
("System U4 are in use. You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV.
volt U4
mag")

Table. 5.2.2 - 33. Primary system voltage angles.

Name Unit Range Step Description

System
voltage angle
UL12 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-line angle UL12 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL12 ang")

System
voltage angle
UL23 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL23 ang")

System
voltage angle
UL31 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-line angle UL23 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL31 ang")

System
voltage angle
UL1 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-neutral angle UL1 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL1 ang")

System
voltage angle
UL2 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-neutral angle UL2 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL2 ang")

System
voltage angle
UL3 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary line-to-neutral angle UL3 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
UL3 ang")

System
voltage angle
U0 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01 The primary zero sequence angle U0 (measured or calculated).
("System volt
U0 ang")

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Name Unit Range Step Description

System
voltage angle
The primary measured Synchrocheck angle SS. This magnitude is only valid
U3 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01
when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and U4 are in use.
("System volt
U3 ang")

System
voltage angle
The primary measured Synchrocheck angle SS. This magnitude is displayed
U4 deg 0.00…360.0 0.01
only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and U4 are in use.
("System volt
U4 ang")

Table. 5.2.2 - 34. Harmonic voltage measurements.

Name Unit Range Step Description

Harmonics
calculation values 0: Percent Defines whether the harmonics are calculated as percentages or
- -
("Harm Abs.or 1: Absolute absolute values.
Perc.")

0: Per unit
Defines how the harmonics are displayed: in p.u. values, as primary
Harmonics display - 1: Primary V -
voltage values, or as secondary voltage values.
2: Secondary V

Maximum
Displays the maximum harmonics value of the selected voltage
harmonics value V 0.00…100000.00 0.01
input Ux.
("UxMaxH")

Fundamental
Displays the voltage value of the fundamental frequency value
frequency V 0.00…100000.00 0.01
(RMS) of the selected voltage input Ux.
("Ux Fund")

Ux harmonics
(2nd...31st V 0.00...100000.00 0.01 Displays the selected harmonic from the voltage input Ux.
harmonic)

Ux Amplitude THD % 0.000...100.000 0.001 Amplitude ratio THD voltage. Recognized by IEC.

Ux Power THD % 0.000...100.000 0.001 Power ratio THD voltage. Recognized by the IEEE.

5.2.3 Power and energy calculation

The devices that are equipped with both a voltage and a current measurement card can calculate
power, and can therefore have power-based protection and monitoring functions (the number of
available functions depends of the device type). In addition to power calculations, energy magnitudes
are also calculated.

Power is divided into three magnitudes: apparent power (S), active power (P) and reactive power (Q).
Energy measurement calculates magnitudes for active and reactive energy. Energy can flow to the
forward direction (exported) or to the reverse direction (imported).

If a unit has more than one CT measurement module, the user can choose which module's current
measurement is used by the power calculation.

Line
Line-t
-to-ne
o-neutral
utral vvolta
oltages
ges a
avvailable

Power is calculated from line-to-neutral voltages and phase currents. If line-to-line voltages are
connected, the device can calculate line-to-neutral voltages based on the measured zero sequence
voltage. The following equations apply for power calculations with the line-to-neutral mode and the line-
to-line voltage mode (with U0 connected and measured):

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Figure. 5.2.3 - 65. Three-phase power (S) calculation.

Figure. 5.2.3 - 66. Three-phase active power (P) calculation.

In these equations, phi (φ) is the angle difference between voltage and current.

Figure. 5.2.3 - 67. Three-phase reactive power (Q) calculation.

Active power can be to the forward or the reverse direction. The direction of active power can be
indicated with the power factor (Cos (φ), or Cosine phi), which is calculated according the following
formula:

The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants. Reactive power may be inductive or
capacitive on both forward and reverse directions. Reactive power quadrant can be indicated with Tan
(φ) (tangent phi), which is calculated according the following formula:

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Power factor calculation is done similarly to the Cosine phi calculation but the polarity is defined by the
reactive power direction. Therefore, the power factor is calculated with the following formula:

Onl
Onlyy line
line-t
-to-line
o-line vvolta
oltages
ges a
avvailable

If the line-to-line voltages are measured but the zero sequence voltage is not measured or is not
otherwise known, the three-phase power calculation is based on Aron’s theorem:

Both cos(φ) and tan(φ) are calculated in the same way as in the line-to-neutral mode.

Troubleshooting
Check the "Troubleshooting" section in chapters “Current measurement and scaling” and “Voltage
measurement and scaling” for more information. Most power and energy measurement problems are
usually related to the same issues (i.e. wiring errors, wrong measurement modes, faulty frequency
settings, etc.).

Settings
Table. 5.2.3 - 35. Power and energy measurement settings

Name Range Step Default Description

3ph active
0: Disabled 0:
energy - Enables/disables the active energy measurement.
1: Enabled Disabled
measurement

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Name Range Step Default Description

3ph reactive
0: Disabled 0: Enables/disables the reactive and apparent energy
energy -
1: Enabled Disabled measurement.
measurement

3ph energy 0: Mega 0: Mega Defines whether energy is measured with the prefix 'kilo'
-
megas or kilos 1: Kilo (103) or 'mega' (106).

When this parameter is enabled it is possible to manually

edit exported and imported active energy values.
Edit energy 0: Disabled 0:
-
values 1: Enabled Disabled
NOTE: "E 3ph M or k" parameter has to be set to "kilo" for
this feature to function.

Invert imp/exp
0: Not inverted 0: Not Inverts the direction of imported and exported energy
energy -
1: Inverted inverted without affecting the direction of power calculation.
directions

Nominal power
0.10...500000.00kVA 0.01kVA 100kVA Defines the nominal power of the protected object.
kVA

0: Undefined
1: Q1 Fwd Ind
0:
PQ Quadrant 2: Q2 Rev Cap - Indicates what the power PQ quadrant is at that moment.
Undefined
3: Q3 Rev Ind
4: Q4 Fwd Cap

0: Undefined
1: Q1 Fwd Cap AV
0:
VA Quadrant 2: Q2 Rev Ind AV - Indicates what the power VA quadrant is at that moment.
Undefined
3: Q3 Rev Cap VA
4: Q4 Fwd Ind VA

Reset energy
Resets the memory of the three-phase energy calculators.
calculators 0: - 0: -
- Goes automatically back to the "-" state after the reset is
("Reset 3ph 1: Reset
finished.
Energies")

Phase active 0:
0: Disabled Enables/disables the active energy per phase
energy - Disabled
1: Enabled measurement.
measurement

Phase reactive 0:
0: Disabled Enables/disables the reactive energy per phase
energy - Disabled
1: Enabled measurement.
measurement

Phase energies 0: Mega 0: Mega Defines whether energy (per phase) is measured with the
-
megas or kilos 1: Kilo prefix 'kilo' (103) or 'mega' (106).

Reset energy
calculators (per Resets the memory of the indivisual phase energy
0: - 0: -
phase) - calculator. Goes automatically back to the "-" state after the
1: Reset
("Reset E per reset is finished.
phase")

Table. 5.2.3 - 36. Energy Dose Counter 1 settings

Name Range Step Default Description

Energy
dose 0: Disabled 0: Disabled
- Enables/disables energy dose counters generally.
counter 1: Activated
mode

Clear pulse 0: - Resets the "DC 1…4 Pulses sent" counters back to
- 0: -
counter 1: Clear zero.

DC 1…4 0: Disabled 0: Disabled Enables/disables the energy dose counter 1…4

-
enable 1: Enabled individually.

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Name Range Step Default Description

0: 3PH.Fwd.Act.EP
1: 3PH.Rev.Avt.EP
DC 1…4 2: Selects whether the energy is active or reactive,
0:
Input 3PH.Fwd.React.EQ.CAP whether the direction of the energy is forward of
- 3PH.Fwd.Act.EP
signal 3: 3PH.Fwd.React.EQ.IND reverse, and whether reactive energy is inductive or
select 4: capacitive.
3PH.Rev.React.EQ.CAP
5: 3PH.Rev.React.EQ.IND

DC 1…4
Input -1 × 106…1 × 106 0.01 - The total amount of energy consumed.
signal

DC 1…4
0.005kW/ The set pulse size. An energy pulse is given every
Pulse 0…1800kW/var 1kW/Var
var time the set magnitude is exceeded.
magnitude

DC 1…4
Pulse 0…1800s 0.005s 1s The total length of a control pulse.
length

DC1…4
Pulses 0…4 294 967 295 1 - Indicates the total number of pulses sent.
sent

Table. 5.2.3 - 37. DC 1…4 Pulse out settings

Name Range Step Default Description

None selected
DC 1…4 Pulse out OUT1…OUTx - The selection of the controlled physical outputs.

Power measurements
The following power calculations are available when the voltage and the current cards are available.

Table. 5.2.3 - 38. Three-phase power calculations.

Name Unit Range Step Description

3PH Apparent power (S) kVA -1x106…1x106 0.01 The total three-phase apparent power in kilo-volt-ampere

3PH Active power (P) kW -1x106…1x106 0.01 The total three-phase active power in kilowatts

3PH Reactive power (Q) kVar -1x106…1x106 0.01 The total three-phase reactive power in kilovars

3PH Apparent power (S MVA) MVA -1x105…1x105 0.01 The total three-phase apparent power in megawatts

3PH Active power (P MW) MW -1x105…1x105 0.01 The total three-phase active power in mewatts

3PH Reactive power (QMVar) MVar -1x105…1x105 0.01 The total three-phase active power in megavars

3PH Tan(phi) - -1x106…1x106 0.01 The direction of three-phase active power

3PH Cos(phi) - -1x106…1x106 0.01 The direction of three-phase reactive power

3PH Power factor - -1x106…1x106 0.0001 The three-phase power factor

Table. 5.2.3 - 39. Single-phase power calculations (L1...L3).

Name Unit Range Step Description

Lx Apparent power (S) kVA -1x106…1x106 0.01 The apparent power of Phase Lx in kilo-volt-amperes

Lx Active power (P) kW -1x106…1x106 0.01 The active power of Phase Lx in kilowatts

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Name Unit Range Step Description

Lx Reactive power (Q) kVar -1x106…1x106 0.01 The reactive power of Phase Lx kilovars

Lx Tan(phi) - -1x106…1x106 0.01 The direction of Phase Lx's active power

Lx Cos(phi) - -1x106…1x106 0.01 The direction of Phase Lx's reactive power

Lx Power factor - -1x106…1x106 0.0001 The power factor of Phase Lx

Energy measurements
The following energy calculations are available when the voltage and the current cards are available.
Please note that the unit prefix is determined by the user's selection between 'kilo' and 'mega' in "Three-
phase energy prefix ("E 3ph M or k")" under the general "Power and energy measurement settings".

Table. 5.2.3 - 40. Three-phase energy calculations.

Name Range Step Description

-999 999 995

Exported Active Energy (P) (kWh
904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The total amount of exported active energy.
or MWh)
904.00

-999 999 995

Imported Active Energy (P) (kWh or
904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The total amount of imported active energy.
MWh)
904.00

-999 999 995

Active Energy (P) Export/Import
904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The sum of imported and exported active energy.
balance (kWh or MWh)
904.00

-999 999 995

Exported (Q) while Export (P) The total amount of exported reactive energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(kVarh or MVarh) active power is exported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Imported (Q) while Export Total amount of imported reactive energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(P). (kVarh or MVarh) active energy is exported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Reactive energy (Q) balance while The sum of imported and exported reactive
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
export (P) (kVarh or MVarh) capacitive energy while active power is exported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Exported (Q) while Import (P) The total amount of exported reactive energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(kVarh or MVarh) active energy is imported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Imported (Q) while Import (P) The total amount of imported reactive energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(kVarh or MVarh) active energy is imported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Reactive energy (Q) balance while The sum of imported and exported reactive energy
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
Import (P) (kVarh or MVarh) while active energy is imported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Apparent Energy (S) while Export The total amount of exported apparent energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(P) (kVAh or MVAh) active energy is exported.
904.00

-999 999 995

Apparent Energy (S) while Import The total amount of exported apparent energy while
904.00…999 999 995 0.01
(P) (kVAh or MVAh) active energy is imported.
904.00

Table. 5.2.3 - 41. Single-phase energy calculations (L1...L3).

Name Range Step Description

Export Active Energy Lx (kWh or MWh) -1x109…1x109 0.01 The exported active energy of the phase.

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Name Range Step Description

Import Active Energy (kWh or MWh) -1x109…1x109 0.01 The imported active energy of the phase.

Active Energy (P) Export/Import The sum of the phase's imported and exported active
balance (kWh or MWh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy.

Exported (Q) while Export (P) Lx (kVarh The exported reactive energy of the phase while active
or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy is exported.

Imported (Q) while Export (P) Lx (kVarh The imported reactive energy of the phase while active
or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy is exported.

Reactive Energy (Q) balance while The sum of the phase's imported and exported
Export (P) Lx (kVarh or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
reactive energy while active energy is exported.

Exported (Q) while Import (P) Lx (kVarh The exported reactive energy of the phase while active
or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy is imported.

Imported (Q) while Import (P) Lx (kVarh The imported reactive energy of the phase while active
or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy is imported.

Reactive energy (Q) balance while The sum of the phase's imported and exported reactive
Import (P) Lx (kVarh or MVarh) -1x109…1x109 0.01
energy while active energy is imported.

The apparent energy of the phase while active energy is

Apparent Energy (S) while Export (P) Lx -1x109…1x109 0.01
exported.

The apparent energy of the phase while active energy is

Apparent Energy (S) while Import (P) Lx -1x109…1x109 0.01
imported.

Calculation examples
Here is an example of power calculation. Both wiring methods (line-to-line and line-to-neutral) are
checked with the same signal injection. The voltage scaling is set to 20 000 : 100 V and the current
scaling is set to 1000 : 5 A.

Voltages (line-to-neutral): Currents:

UL1 = 40.825 V, 45.00° IL1 = 2.5 A, 0.00°

UL2 = 61.481 V, -159.90° IL2 = 2.5 A, -120.00°

UL3 = 97.742 V, 126.21° IL3 = 2.5 A, 120.00°

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Name Value Name Value Name Value Name Value

L1 (S) 4.08 MVA L2 (S) 6.15 MVA L3 (S) 9.77 MVA 3P

3PHH (S) 20.00 MVA

L1 (P) 2.89 MW L2 (P) 4.72 MW L3 (P) 9.71 MW 3P

3PHH (P) 17.32 MW

L1 (Q) 2.89 Mvar L2 (Q) -3.94 Mvar L3 (Q) 1.06 Mvar 3P

3PHH (Q) 0.01 Mvar

L1 T
Tan
an 1.00 L2 T
Tan
an -0.83 L3 T
Tan
an 0.11 3P
3PHHT
Tan
an 0.00

L1 Cos 0.71 L2 Cos 0.77 L3 Cos 0.99 3P

3PHH Cos 0.87

Voltages (line-to-line): Currents:

UL12 = 100.00 V, 30.00° IL1 = 2.5 A, 0.00°

UL23 = 100.00 V, -90.00° IL2 = 2.5 A, -120.00°

IL3= 2.5 A, 120.00°

Name Values

3PH (S) 20.00 MVA

3PH (P) 17.32 MW

3PH (Q) 0.00 Mvar

3PH Tan 0.00

3PH Cos 0.87

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5.2.4 Frequency tracking and scaling

Measurement sampling can be set to the frequency tracking mode or to the fixed user-
defined frequency sampling mode. The benefit of frequency tracking is that the measurements are
within a pre-defined accuracy range even when the fundamental frequency of the power system
changes.

Table. 5.2.4 - 42. Frequency tracking effect (FF changes from 6 Hz to 75 Hz).

The measurement error with a fixed 50 Hz sampling frequency The measurement error with frequency tracking when the
when the frequency changes. The constant current is 5 A, the frequency changes. The constant current is 5 A, the
frequency sweep is from 6 Hz to 75 Hz. frequency sweep is from 6 Hz to 75 Hz.

As the figures above show, the sampling frequency has a major effect on the device's measurement
accuracy. If the sampling is not tracked to the system frequency, for example a 10 Hz difference
between the measured and the set system frequency can give a measurement error of over 5 %. The
figures also show that when the frequency is tracked and the sampling is adjusted according to the
detected system frequency, the measurement accuracy has an approximate error of 0.1...- 0.2 % error
in the whole frequency range.

AQ -200 series devices have a measurement accuracy that is independent of the system frequency.
This has been achieved by adjusting the sample rate of the measurement channels according to the
measured system frequency; this way the FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer.
The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq's patented calibration algorithms
that calibrate the analog channels against eight (8) system frequency points for both magnitude and
angle. This frequency-dependent correction compensates the frequency dependencies in the used,
non-linear measurement hardware and improves the measurement accuracy significantly. Combined,
these two methods give an accurate measurement result that is independent of the system frequency.

Troubleshooting
When the measured current, voltage or frequency values differ from the expected values, the following
table offers possible solutions for the problems.

Problem Check / Resolution

The measured current or

voltage amplitude is lower
The set system frequency may be wrong. Please check that the frequency settings match the
than it should be./
local system frequency, or change the measurement mode to "Tracking" (Measurement →
The values are
Frequency → "Smpl mode") so the device adjusts the frequency itself.
"jumping" and are not
stable.

In Tracking mode the device may interpret the frequency incorrectly if no current is injected into
The frequency readings
the CT (or voltage into the VT). Please check the frequency measurement settings
are wrong.
(Measurement → Frequency).

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Settings
Table. 5.2.4 - 43. Settings of the frequency tracking.

Name Range Step Default Description

Sampling 0: Fixed Defines which measurement sampling mode is in use: the

- 0: Fixed
mode 1: Tracking fixed user-defined frequency, or the tracked system frequency.

System
The user-defined system nominal frequency that is used when
nominal 7.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz 50Hz
the "Sampling mode" setting has been set to "Fixed".
frequency

Tracked
-
system 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz Displays the rough measured system frequency.
frequency

Sampling
frequency in 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - Displays the tracking frequency that is in use at that moment.
use

0: None
1: CT1IL1
Frequency
2: CT2IL1 - 1: CT1IL1 The first reference source for frequency tracking.
reference 1
3: VT1U1
4: VT2U1

0: None
1: CT1IL2
Frequency
2: CT2IL2 - 1: CT1IL2 The second reference source for frequency tracking.
reference 2
3: VT1U2
4: VT2U2

0: None
1: CT1IL3
Frequency
2: CT2IL3 - 1: CT1IL3 The third reference source for frequency tracking.
reference 3
3: VT1U3
4: VT2U3

0: No trackable
channels
1: Reference 1
trackable
2: Reference 2
trackable
Defines the frequency tracker quality. If the measured current
3: References 1 &
Frequency (or voltage) amplitude is below the threshold, the channel
2 trackable
tracking - - tracking quality is 0 and cannot be used for frequency tracking.
4: Reference 3
quality If all channels' magnitudes are below the threshold, there are
trackable
no trackable channels.
5: Reference 1 &
3 trackable
6: References 2 &
3 trackable
7: All references
trackable

0: No track ch
Frequency
1: Ref1 Indicates which reference is used at the moment for frequency
measurement - -
2: Ref2 tracking.
in use
3: Ref3

0: Start tracking Defines the how the tracking starts. Tracking can start
0: Start
immediately immediately, or there can be a set delay time between the
Start behavior - tracking
1: First nominal or receiving of the first trackable channel and the start of the
immediately
tracked tracking.

0: Use track
0: Use Defines the start of the sampling. Sampling can begin with
Start sampling frequency
- track a previously tracked frequency, or with a user-set nominal
with 1: Use nom
frequency frequency.
frequency

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Name Range Step Default Description

Defines how long the nominal frequency is used after the

Use nominal
tracking has started. This setting is only valid when the
frequency 0…1800.000s 0.005s 0.100s
"Sampling mode" setting is set to "Tracking" and when the
until
"Start behavior" is set to "First nominal or tracked".

Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel

0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
channel A A.

Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel

0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
channel B B.

Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel

0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
channel C C.

Frequency measurement built from tracked frequencies and

Alg f fast 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
U4 voltage channel samples.

Averaged frequency measurement built from tracked

Alg f avg 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
frequencies and U4 voltage channel samples.

0: One f
measured
System
1: Two f
measured - - Displays the amount of frequencies that are measured.
measured
frequency
2: Three f
measured

Frequency measurement value used by protection functions.

f.atm.
0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - When frequency is not measurable this value returns to value
Protections
set to "System nominal frequency" parameter.

Frequency measurement value used in display. When

f.atm. Display 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz -
frequency is not measurable this value is "0 Hz".

0: Not
measurable
1: Avg Ref 1
2: Avg Ref 2
f 3: Avg Ref 3
measurement 4: Track Ref 1 - - Displays which reference is used for frequency measurement.
from 5: Track Ref 2
6: Track Ref 3
7: Fast Ref 1
8: Fast Ref 2
9: Fast Ref 3

SS1.meas.frqs
0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - Displays frequency used by "system set" channel 1 and 2.
SS2.meas.frqs

0: Not
SS1f measurable Displays which voltage channel frequency reference is used by
- -
meas.from 1: Fast Ref U3 "system set" voltage channel.
2: Fast Ref U4

0: Not
SS2f Displays if U4 channel frequency reference is measurable or
measurable - -
meas.from not when the channel has been set to "system set" mode.
1: Fast Ref U4

5.3 General menu

The General menu consists of basic settings and indications of the device. Additionally, the all activated
functions and their status are displayed in the Protection, Control and Monitor profiles.

Table. 5.3 - 44. The General menu read-only parameters

Name Description

Serial number The unique serial number identification of the unit.

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Name Description

Firmware version The firmware software version of the unit.

Hardware configuration The order code identification of the unit.

System phase rotating order at the The selected system phase rotating order. Can be changed with parameter "System
moment phase rotating order".

UTC time The UTC time value which the device's clock uses.

Table. 5.3 - 45. Parameters and indications in the General menu.

Name Range Default Description

Device name - Unitname

The file name uses these fields when loading the .aqs configuration file
from the AQ-200 unit.
Device location - Unitlocation

0: Internal
1: External If an external clock time synchronization source is available, the type is
Time NTP defined with this parameter. In the internal mode there is no external
0: Internal
synchronization source 2: External Timesync source. IRIG-B requires a serial fiber communication option
Serial card.
3: IRIG-B

When this parameter is enabled it is possible for the user to force the
0: Disabled protection, control and monitoring functions to different statuses like
Enable stage forcing 0: Disabled
1: Enabled START and TRIP. This is done in the function’s Info page with the Force
status to parameter.

System phase rotating 0: A-B-C Allows the user to switch the expected order in which the phase
0: A-B-C
order 1: A-C-B measurements are wired to the unit.

0: User
defined
1: English
2: Finnish
3: Swedish Changes the language of the parameter descriptions in the HMI. If the
Language 4: Spanish 1: English language has been set to "Other" in the settings of the AQtivate setting
5: French tool, AQtivate follows the value set into this parameter.
6: German
7: Russian
8:
Ukrainian

1: All
2: COM A
If the device has a double Ethernet option card it is possible to choose
AQtivate ethernet port 3: Double 1: All
which ports are available for connecting with AQtivate software.
Ethernet
card

0: -
Clear events 0: - Clears the event history recorded in the AQ-200 device.
1: Clear

LCD Contrast 0…255 120 Changes the contrast of the LCD display.

If the user navigates to a menu and gives no input after a period of time
Return to default view 0…3600s 0s defined with this parameter, the unit automatically returns to the default
view. If set to 0 s, this feature is not in use.

0: - When activated, all LEDs are lit up. LEDs with multiple possible colors
LED test 0: -
1: Activated blink each color.

0: - Resets the latched signals in the logic and the matrix. When a reset
Reset latches 0: -
1: Reset command is given, the parameter automatically returns back to "-".

0: Disabled Enables the measurement recorder tool, further configured in Tools →

Measurement recorder 0: Disabled
1: Enabled Misc → Measurement recorder.

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Name Range Default Description

0: OBJ1
1: OBJ2
2: OBJ3
3: OBJ4
"I" and "0" push buttons on the front panel of the device have an
I/0 default object 4: OBJ5
0: OBJ1 indication LED. This parameter defines which objects' status push
selection 5: OBJ6
buttons follow when lighting up the LEDs.
6: OBJ7
7: OBJ8
8: OBJ9
9: OBJ10

0: -
Reconfigure mimic 1: 0: - Reloads the mimic to the unit.
Reconfigure

Table. 5.3 - 46. General menu logical inputs.

Name Description

Reset last fault registers Signal set to this point can be used for resetting latest recorded fault register.

5.4 Protection functions

5.4.1 Resistance temperature detectors (RTD)

Resistance temperature detectors (or RTDs) can be used to measure both temperatures of motors/
generators and ambient temperatures. Typically an RTD is a thermocouple or of type PT100. Up to
three (3) separate RTD modules based on an external Modbus are supported; each can hold up to
eight (8) measurement elements. Up to two (2) separate RTD option cards are supported by this
function. Sixteen (16) individual element monitors can be set for this alarm function, and each of those
can be set to alarm two (2) separate alarms from one selected input. The user can set alarms and
measurements to be either in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.

The following figure shows the principal structure of the resistance temperature detection function.

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Setting up an RTD measurement, the user first needs to set the measurement module to scan the
wanted RTD elements. A multitude of Modbus-based modules are supported. Communication requires
bitrate, databits, parity, stopbits and Modbus I/O protocol to be set; this is done at Communication →
Connections. Once communication is set, the wanted channels are selected at Communication →
Protocols → ModbusIO. Then the user selects the measurement module from the three (3) available
modules (A, B and C), as well as the poll address. Additionally, both the module type and the
polled channels need to be set. When using a thermocouple module, the thermo element type also
needs to be set for each of the measurement channels. Once these settings are done the RTDs are
ready for other functions.

Figure. 5.4.1 - 68. RTD alarm setup.

Function can be set to monitor the measurement data from previously set RTD channels. A single
channel can be set to have several alarms if the user sets the channel to multiple sensor inputs. In
each sensor setting the user can select the monitored module and channel, as well as the monitoring
and alarm setting units (°C or °F). The alarms can be enabled, given a setting value (in degrees), and
be set to trigger either above or below the setting value. There are sixteen (16) available sensor inputs
in the function. An active alarm requires a valid channel measurement. It can be invalid if
communication is not working or if a sensor is broken.

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Settings
Table. 5.4.1 - 47. Function settings for Channel x (Sx).

Name Range Step Default Description

0: No Enables/disables the selecion of sensor

S1...S16 enable - 0: No
1: Yes measurements and alarms.

0: InternalRTD1
Selects the measurement module. Internal RTD
1: InternalRTD2
0: modules are option cards installed to the relay.
S1...S16 module 2: ExtModuleA -
InternalRTD1 External modules are Modbus based external
3: ExtModuleB
devices.
4: ExtModuleC

0: Channel 0
1: Channel 1
3: Channel 2
4: Channel 3 Selects the measurement channel in the selected
S1...S16 channel - 0: Channel 0
5: Channel 4 module.
6: Channel 5
7: Channel 6
8: Channel 7

0: Deg C Selects the measurement temperature scale (Celsius

S1...S16 Deg C/Dec F - 0: Deg C
1: Deg F or Fahrenheit).

Displays the measurement value in the selected

S1...S16 Measurement - - -
temperature scale.

Displays the measured sensor's data validity. If the

0: Ok
S1...S16 Sensor - - sensor reading has any problems, the sensor data is
1: Invalid
set to "Invalid" and the alarms are not activated.

S1...S16 Enable alarm 0: Disable Enables/disables the selection of Alarm 1 for the
- 0: Disable
1 1: Enable measurement channel x.

Selects whether the alarm activates when

0: >
S1...S16 Alarm1 >/< - 0: > measurement is above or below the pick-up setting
1: <
value.

Sets the pick-up value for Alarm 1. The alarm is

activated if the measurement goes above or below
S1...S16 Alarm1 -101.0…2000.0deg 0.1deg 0.0deg
this setting mode (depends on the selected mode in
"Sx Alarm1 >/<").

Displays the measured sensor's data validity. If the

0: Ok
S1...S16 sensor - - sensor reading has any problems, the sensor data is
1: Invalid
set to "Invalid" and the alarms are not activated.

S1...S16 Enable alarm 0: Disable Enables/disables the selection of Alarm 2 for the
- 0: Disable
2 1: Enable measurement channel x.

0: > Selects whether the measurement is above or

S1...S16 Alarm2 >/< - 0: >
1: < below the setting value.

Sets the value for Alarm 2. The alarm is activated if

the measurement goes above or below this setting
S1...S16 Alarm2 -101.0…2000.0deg 0.1deg 0.0deg
mode (depends on the selected mode in "Sx
Alarm2 >/<").

When the RTDs have been set, the values can be read to SCADA (or some other control system). The
alarms can also be used for direct output control as well as in logics.

Events
The resistance temperature detector function (abbreviated "RTD" in event block names) generates
events and registers from the status changes in ALARM and MEAS INVALID. The user can select
which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The function offers
sixteen (16) independent stages; the events are segregated for each stage operation.

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The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values. The
function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers.

Table. 5.4.1 - 48. Event messages.

Event block name Event names

RTD1 S1 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S1 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S1 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S1 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S2 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S2 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S2 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S2 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S3 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S3 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S3 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S3 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S4 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S4 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S4 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S4 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S5 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S5 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S5 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S5 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S6 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S6 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S6 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S6 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S7 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S7 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S7 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S7 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S8 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S8 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S8 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S8 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S9 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S9 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S9 Alarm2 ON

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Event block name Event names

RTD1 S9 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S10 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S10 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S10 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S10 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S11 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S11 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S11 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S11 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S12 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S12 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S12 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S12 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S13 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S13 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S13 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S13 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S14 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S14 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S14 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S14 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S15 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S15 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S15 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S15 Alarm2 OFF

RTD1 S16 Alarm1 ON

RTD1 S16 Alarm1 OFF

RTD1 S16 Alarm2 ON

RTD1 S16 Alarm2 OFF

RTD2 S1 Meas Ok

RTD2 S1 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S2 Meas Ok

RTD2 S2 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S3 Meas Ok

RTD2 S3 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S4 Meas Ok

RTD2 S4 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S5 Meas Ok

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Event block name Event names

RTD2 S5 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S6 Meas Ok

RTD2 S6 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S7 Meas Ok

RTD2 S7 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S8 Meas Ok

RTD2 S8 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S9 Meas Ok

RTD2 S9 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S10 Meas Ok

RTD2 S10 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S11 Meas Ok

RTD2 S11 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S12 Meas Ok

RTD2 S12 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S13 Meas Ok

RTD2 S13 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S14 Meas Ok

RTD2 S14 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S15 Meas Ok

RTD2 S15 Meas Invalid

RTD2 S16 Meas Ok

RTD2 S16 Meas Invalid

5.5 Control functions

5.5.1 Setting group selection

All relay types support up to eight (8) separate setting groups. The Setting group selection function
block controls the availability and selection of the setting groups. By default, only Setting group 1
(SG1) is active and therefore the selection logic is idle. When more than one setting group is enabled,
the setting group selector logic takes control of the setting group activations based on the logic and
conditions the user has programmed.

The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the setting group selection function.

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Figure. 5.5.1 - 69. Simplified function block diagram of the setting group selection function.

Setting group selection can be applied to each of the setting groups individually by activating one
of the various internal logic inputs and connected digital inputs. The user can also force any of the
setting groups on when the "Force SG change" setting is enabled by giving the wanted quantity of
setting groups as a number in the communication bus or in the local HMI, or by selecting the wanted
setting group from Control → Setting groups. When the forcing parameter is enabled, the automatic
control of the local device is overridden and the full control of the setting groups is given to the user
until the "Force SG change" is disabled again.

Setting groups can be controlled either by pulses or by signal levels. The setting group controller block
gives setting groups priority values for situations when more than one setting group is controlled at the
same time: the request from a higher-priority setting group is taken into use.

Setting groups follow a hierarchy in which setting group 1 has the highest priority, setting group 2 has
second highest priority etc. If a static activation signal is given for two setting groups, the setting
group with higher priority will be active. If setting groups are controlled by pulses, the setting group
activated by pulse will stay active until another setting groups receives and activation signal.

Figure. 5.5.1 - 70. Example sequences of group changing (control with pulse only, or with both pulses and static signals).

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Settings and signals

The settings of the setting group control function include the active setting group selection, the forced
setting group selection, the enabling (or disabling) of the forced change, the selection of the number of
active setting groups in the application, as well as the selection of the setting group changed remotely.
If the setting group is forced to change, the corresponding setting group must be enabled and the
force change must be enabled. Then, the setting group can be set from communications or from HMI
to any available group. If the setting group control is applied with static signals right after the "Force
SG" parameter is released, the application takes control of the setting group selection.

Table. 5.5.1 - 49. Settings of the setting group selection function.

Name Range Step Default Description

Active setting
SG1 Displays which setting group is active.
group

0: None
1: SG1
The selection of the overriding setting group. After "Force SG change" is
2: SG2
enabled, any of the configured setting groups in the relay can be overriden.
3: SG3
Force setting This control is always based on the pulse operating mode. It also requires that
4: SG4 - 0: None
group the selected setting group is specifically controlled to ON after "Force SG" is
5: SG5
disabled. If there are no other controls, the last set setting group remains
6: SG6
active.
7: SG7
8: SG8

0: The selection of whether the setting group forcing is enabled or disabled. This
Force setting Disabled 0: setting has to be active before the setting group can be changed remotely or
-
group change 1: Disabled from a local HMI. This parameter overrides the local control of the setting
Enabled groups and it remains on until the user disables it.

0: SG1
1:
SG1...2
2:
SG1...3
3:
SG1...4
Used setting The selection of the activated setting groups in the application. Newly-enabled
4: - 0: SG1
groups setting groups use default parameter values.
SG1...5
5:
SG1...6
6:
SG1...7
7:
SG1...8

0: None
1: SG1
2: SG2
Remote 3: SG3 This parameter can be controlled through SCADA to change the setting group
setting 4: SG4 - 0: None remotely. Please note that if a higher priority setting group is being controlled by
group change 5: SG5 a signal, a lower priority setting group cannot be activated with this parameter.
6: SG6
7: SG7
8: SG8

Table. 5.5.1 - 50. Signals of the setting group selection function.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: Not
Setting The selection of Setting group 1 ("SG1"). Has the highest priority input in setting group
active 0: Not
group - control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal control is applied,
1: active
1 no other SG requests will be processed.
Active

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Name Range Step Default Description

0: Not
Setting The selection of Setting group 2 ("SG2"). Has the second highest priority input in setting
active 0: Not
group - group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
1: active
2 control is applied, no requests with a lower priority than SG1 will be processed.
Active

0: Not The selection of Setting group 3 ("SG3"). Has the third highest priority input in setting
Setting
active 0: Not group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
group -
1: active control is applied, no requests with a lower priority than SG1 and SG2 will be
3
Active processed.

0: Not The selection of Setting group 4 ("SG4"). Has the fourth highest priority input in setting
Setting
active 0: Not group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
group -
1: active control is applied, no requests with a lower priority than SG1, SG2 and SG3 will be
4
Active processed.

0: Not
Setting The selection of Setting group 5 ("SG5"). Has the fourth lowest priority input in setting
active 0: Not
group - group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
1: active
5 control is applied, SG6, SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed.
Active

Setting 0:Not The selection of Setting group 6 ("SG6"). Has the third lowest priority input in setting
0:Not
group active - group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
active
6 1:Active control is applied, SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed.

0: Not
Setting The selection of Setting group 7 ("SG7"). Has the second lowest priority input in setting
active 0: Not
group - group control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal
1: active
7 control is applied, only SG8 requests will not be processed.
Active

0: Not The selection of Setting group 8 ("SG8"). Has the lowest priority input in setting group
Setting
active 0: Not control. Can be controlled with pulses or static signals. If static signal control is applied,
group -
1: active all other SG requests will be processed regardless of the signal status of this setting
8
Active group.

Example applications for setting group control

This chapter presents some of the most common applications for setting group changing requirements.

A Petersen coil compensated network usually uses directional sensitive earth fault protection. The user
needs to control its characteristics between varmetric and wattmetric; the selection is based on
whether the Petersen coil is connected when the network is compensated, or whether it is open when
the network is unearthed.

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Figure. 5.5.1 - 71. Setting group control – one-wire connection from Petersen coil status.

Depending on the application's requirements, the setting group control can be applied either with a
one-wire connection or with a two-wire connection by monitoring the state of the Petersen coil
connection.

When the connection is done with one wire, the setting group change logic can be applied as shown in
the figure above. The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active. If the coil is
disconnected, Setting group 2 is active. This way, if the wire is broken for some reason, the setting
group is always controlled to SG2.

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Figure. 5.5.1 - 72. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status.

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Figure. 5.5.1 - 73. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status with additional logic.

The images above depict a two-wire connection from the Petersen coil: the two images at the top
show a direct connection, while the two images on the bottom include additional logic. With a two-wire
connection the state of the Petersen coil can be monitored more securely. The additional logic ensures
that a single wire loss will not affect the correct setting group selection.

The application-controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay's internal
logics. For example, the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick-up function (see the
image below).

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Figure. 5.5.1 - 74. Entirely application-controlled setting group change with the cold load pick-up function.

In these examples the cold load pick-up function's output is used for the automatic setting group
change. Similarly to this application, any combination of the signals available in the relay's database
can be programmed to be used in the setting group selection logic.

As all these examples show, setting group selection with application control has to be built fully before
they can be used for setting group control. The setting group does not change back to SG1 unless it is
controlled back to SG1 by this application; this explains the inverted signal NOT as well as the use of
logics in setting group control. One could also have SG2 be the primary SG, while the ON signal would
be controlled by the higher priority SG1; this way the setting group would automatically return to SG2
after the automatic control is over.

Events
The setting group selection function block (abbreviated "SGS" in event block names) generates events
from its controlling status, its applied input signals, enabling and disabling of setting groups, as well as
unsuccessful control changes. The function does not have a register.

Table. 5.5.1 - 51. Event messages.

Event block name Event names

SGS SG2 Enabled

SGS SG2 Disabled

SGS SG3 Enabled

SGS SG3 Disabled

SGS SG4 Enabled

SGS SG4 Disabled

SGS SG5 Enabled

SGS SG5 Disabled

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Event block name Event names

SGS SG6 Enabled

SGS SG6 Disabled

SGS SG7 Enabled

SGS SG7 Disabled

SGS SG8 Enabled

SGS SG8 Disabled

SGS SG1 Request ON

SGS SG1 Request OFF

SGS SG2 Request ON

SGS SG2 Request OFF

SGS SG3 Request ON

SGS SG3 Request OFF

SGS SG4 Request ON

SGS SG4 Request OFF

SGS SG5 Request ON

SGS SG5 Request OFF

SGS SG6 Request ON

SGS SG6 Request OFF

SGS SG7 Request ON

SGS SG7 Request OFF

SGS SG8 Request ON

SGS SG8 Request OFF

SGS Remote Change SG Request ON

SGS Remote Change SG Request OFF

SGS Local Change SG Request ON

SGS Local Change SG Request OFF

SGS Force Change SG ON

SGS Force Change SG OFF

SGS SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON

SGS SG Request Fail Not configured SG OFF

SGS Force Request Fail Force ON

SGS Force Request Fail Force OFF

SGS SG Req. Fail Lower priority Request ON

SGS SG Req. Fail Lower priority Request OFF

SGS SG1 Active ON

SGS SG1 Active OFF

SGS SG2 Active ON

SGS SG2 Active OFF

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Event block name Event names

SGS SG3 Active ON

SGS SG3 Active OFF

SGS SG4 Active ON

SGS SG4 Active OFF

SGS SG5 Active ON

SGS SG5 Active OFF

SGS SG6 Active ON

SGS SG6 Active OFF

SGS SG7 Active ON

SGS SG7 Active OFF

SGS SG8 Active ON

SGS SG8 Active OFF

5.5.2 Milliampere output control

The milliamp current loop is the prevailing process control signal in many industries. It is an ideal
method of transferring process information because a current does not change as it travels from a
transmitter to a receiver. It is also much more simple and cost-effective.

The benefits of 4...20 mA loops:

• the dominant standard in many industries

• the simplest option to connect and configure
• uses less wiring and connections than other signals, thus greatly reducing initial setup costs
• good for travelling long distances, as current does not degrade over long connections like
voltage does
• less sensitive to background electrical noise
• detects a fault in the system incredibly easily since 4 mA is equal to 0 % output.

Milliampere (mA) outputs

AQ-200 series supports up to two (2) independent mA option cards. Each card has four (4) mA output
channels and one (1) mA input channel. If the device has an mA option card, enable mA outputs at
Control → Device IO → mA outputs. The outputs are activated in groups of two: channels 1 and 2 are
activated together, as are channels 3 and 4.

Table. 5.5.2 - 52. Main settings (output channels).

Name Range Default Description

Enable mA output channels 1

and 2 0:
mA option 0: Enables and disables the outputs of the mA output
Disabled
card 1 Disabled card 1.
Enable mA output channels 3 1: Enabled
and 4

Enable mA output channels 5

and 6 0:
mA option 0: Enables and disables the outputs of the mA output
Disabled
card 2 Disabled card 2.
Enable mA output channels 7 1: Enabled
and 8

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Table. 5.5.2 - 53. Settings for mA output channels.

Name Range Step Default Description

Enable mA
0: Disabled Enables and disables the selected mA output channel. If
output - 0: Disabled
1: Enabled the channel is disabled, the channel settings are hidden.
channel

0: Currents
Magnitude 1: Voltages
selection for 2: Powers Defines the measurement category that is used for mA
- 0: Currents
mA output 3: Impedance and output control.
channel admittance
4: Other

(dependent on
Magnitude Defines the measurement magnitude used for mA output
(dependent on the the
of mA control. The available measurements depend on the
measurement - measurement
output selection of the "Magnitude selection for mA output
category selection) category
channel channel" parameter.
selection)

Input value
1 -107…107 0.001 0 The first input point in the mA output control curve.

Scaled mA
The mA output value when the measured value is equal
output 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA 0mA
to or less than Input value 1.
value 1

Input value
2 -107…107 0.001 1 The second input point in the mA output control curve.

Scaled mA
The mA output value when the measured value is equal
output 0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA 0mA
to or greater than Input value 2.
value 2

Figure. 5.5.2 - 75. Example of the effects of mA output channel settings.

Table. 5.5.2 - 54. Hardware indications.

Name Range Step Description

Hardware in mA output channels 1...4 0: None

1: Slot A
2: Slot B
3: Slot C - Indicates the option card slot where the mA output card is located.
Hardware in mA output channels 5...8 4: Slot D
5: Slot E
6: Slot F

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Table. 5.5.2 - 55. Measurement values reported by mA output cards.

Name Range Step Description

mA in Channel 1
Displays the measured mA value of the selected input
0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA
channel.
mA in Channel 2

mA Out Channel Input Displays the input value of the selected mA output
Magnitude now -107…107 0.001
channel at that moment.

mA Out Channel Outputs Displays the output value of the selected mA output
0.0000…24.0000mA 0.0001mA
now channel at that moment.

5.5.3 Programmable control switch

The programmable control switch is a control function that controls its binary output signal. This output
signal can be controlled locally from the relay's mimic (displayed as a box in the mimic) or remotely
from the RTU. The main purpose of programmable control switches is to block or enable function and
to change function properties by changing the setting group. However, this binary signal can also be
used for any number of other purposes, just like all other binary signals. Once a programmable control
switch has been activated or disabled, it remains in that state until given a new command to switch to
the opposite state (see the image below). The switch cannot be controlled by an auxiliary input, such
as digital inputs or logic signals; it can only be controlled locally (mimic) or remotely (RTU).

Settings.
These settings can be accessed at Control → Device I/O → Programmable control switch.

Table. 5.5.3 - 56. Settings.

Name Range Default Description

The user-settable name of the selected switch. The name can be up to

Switch name - Switchx
32 characters long.

0: User
1: Operator
Access level for 2: 2: Determines which access level is required to be able to control the
Mimic control Configurator Configurator programmable control switch via the Mimic.
3: Super
user

Events
The programmable control switch function (abbreviated "PCS" in event block names) generates events
from status changes. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer:
ON, OFF, or both. The function offers five (5) independent switches.

Table. 5.5.3 - 57. Event messages.

Event block name Event names

PCS Switch 1 ON

PCS Switch 1 OFF

PCS Switch 2 ON

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Event block name Event names

PCS Switch 2 OFF

PCS Switch 3 ON

PCS Switch 3 OFF

PCS Switch 4 ON

PCS Switch 4 OFF

PCS Switch 5 ON

PCS Switch 5 OFF

5.5.4 Analog input scaling curves

Sometimes when measuring with RTD inputs, milliampere inputs and digital inputs the measurement
might be inaccurate because the signal coming from the source is inaccurate. One common example
of this is tap changer location indication signal not changing linearly from step to step. If the output
difference between the steps are not equal to each other, measuring the incoming signal accurately is
not enough. "Analog input scaling curves" menu can be used to take these inaccuracies into account.

Analog input scaling curve settings can be found at Measurement → AI(mA, DI volt) scaling menu.

Currently following measurements can be scaled with analog input scaling curves:

• RTD inputs and mA inputs in "RTD & mA input" option cards

• mA inputs in "mA output & mA input" option cards
• Digital input voltages

Table. 5.5.4 - 58. Main settings (input channel).

Name Range Step Default Description

Analog input 0: Disabled 0:

- Enables and disables the input.
scaling 1: Activated Disabled

0: Disabled 0: Enables and disables the scaling curve and the input
Scaling curve 1...4 -
1: Activated Disabled measurement.

0: S7 mA Input
1: S8 mA Input
2: S15 mA Input
3: S16 mA Input
4: DI1 Voltage
...
23: DI20 Voltage
0: S7
Curve 1...4 input 24: RTD S1
- mA Defines the measurement used by scaling curve.
signal select Resistance
Input
...
39: RTD S16
Resistance
40: mA In 1 (I
card 1)
41: mA In 2 (I
card 2)

Curve 1...4 input 0: No

- 0: No Enables calculation of the average of received signal.
signal filtering 1: Yes

Time constant for input signal filtering.

Curve 1...4 input
0.005...3800.000
signal filter time 0.005 s 1s
s This parameter is visible when "Curve 1...4 input signal
constant
filtering" has been set to "Yes".

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Name Range Step Default Description

Curve 1...4 input Enables out of range signals. If input signal is out of minimum
0: No
signal out of range - 0: No and maximum limits, "ASC1...4 input out of range" signal is
1: Yes
set activated.

-1 000
Curve1...4 input Defines the minimum input of the curve. If input is below the
000.00...1 000 0.00001 0
minimum set limit, "ASC1...4 input out of range" is activated.
000.00

-1 000
000.00...1 000 0.00001
Curve 1...4 input - Displays the input measurement received by the curve.
000.00

-1 000
Curve1...4 input Defines the maximum input of the curve. If input is above the
000.00...1 000 0.00001 0
maximum set limit, "ASC1...4 input out of range" is activated.
000.00

-1 000
000.00...1 000 0.00001
Curve1...4 output - Displays the output of the curve.
000.00

The input signal filtering parameter calculates the average of received signals according to the set time
constant. This is why rapid changes and disturbances (such as fast spikes) are smothered. The Nyquist
rate states that the filter time constant must be at least double the period time of the disturbance
process signal. For example, the value for the filter time constant is 2 seconds for a 1 second period
time of a disturbance oscillation.

When the curve signal is out of range, it activates the "ASC1...4 input out of range" signal, which can
be used inside logic or with other relay functions. The signal can be assigned directly to an output relay
or to an LED in the I/O matrix. The "Out of range" signal is activated, when the measured signal falls
below the set input minimum limit, or when it exceeds the input maximum limit.

If for some reason the input signal is lost, the value is fixed to the last actual measured cycle value. The
value does not go down to the minimum if it has been something else at the time of the signal breaking.

Table. 5.5.4 - 59. Output settings and indications.

Name Range Step Default Description

Curve 1...4 5...10 Defines the length of the input measurement update cycle. If the user wants
5ms 150ms
update cycle 000ms a fast operation, this setting should be fairly low.

0: Floating
point
1: Integer
0:
Scaled value out (Floor)
- Floating Rounds the milliampere signal output as selected.
handling 2: Integer
point
(Ceiling)
3: Integer
(Nearest)

0.000
Input value 1 0...4000 0 The measured input value at Curve Point 1.
01

Scaled output 0.000

value 1 -107...107 01
0 Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 1.

0.000
Input value 2 0...4000 1 The measured input value at Curve Point 2.
01

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Name Range Step Default Description

Scaled output 0.000

value 1 -107...107 01
0 Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 2.

Add 0: Not
0: Not Allows the user to create their own curve with up to twenty (20) curve
curvepoint used -
used points, instead of using a linear curve between two points.
3...20 1: Used

5.5.5 Logical outputs

Logical outputs are used for sending binary signals out from a logic that has been built in the logic
editor. Logical signals can be used for blocking functions, changing setting groups, controlling digital
outputs, activating LEDs, etc. The status of logical outputs can also be reported to a SCADA system.
32 logical outputs are available. The figure below presents a logic output example where a signal from
the circuit breaker failure protection function controls the digital output relay number 5 ("OUT5") when
the circuit breaker's cart status is "In".

Figure. 5.5.5 - 76. Logic output example. Logical output is connected to an output relay in matrix.

Logical output descriptions

Logical outputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the
menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•
• etc.

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Table. 5.5.5 - 60. Logical output user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable 1...31 Logical Description of the logical output. This description is used in several menu
description LOx characters output x types for easier identification.

5.5.6 Logical inputs

Logical inputs are binary signals that a user can control manually to change the behavior of the
AQ-200 unit or to give direct control commands. Logical inputs can be controlled with a virtual switch
built in the mimic and from a SCADA system (IEC 61850, Modbus, IEC 101, etc.). Logical inputs are
volatile signals: their status will always return to "0" when the AQ-200 device is rebooted. 32 logical
inputs are available.

Logical inputs have two modes available: Hold and Pulse. When a logical input which has been set to
"Hold" mode is controlled to "1", the input will switch to status "1" and it stays in that status until it is
given a control command to go to status "0" or until the device is rebooted. When a logical input which
has been set to "Pulse" mode is controlled to "1", the input will switch to status "1" and return back to "0"
after 5 ms.

The figure below presents the operation of a logical input in Hold mode and in Pulse mode.

Figure. 5.5.6 - 77. Operation of logical input in "Hold" and "Pulse" modes.

A logical input pulse can also be extended by connecting a DELAY-low gate to a logical output, as has
been done in the example figure below.

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Figure. 5.5.6 - 78. Extending a logical input pulse.

Logical input descriptions

Logical inputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of the
menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•
• etc.

Table. 5.5.6 - 61. Logical input user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable 1...31 Logical Description of the logical input. This description is used in several menu
description LIx characters input x types for easier identification.

5.6 Monitoring functions

5.6.1 Disturbance recorder (DR)

The disturbance recorder is a high-capacity (64 MB permanent flash memory) and fully digital recorder
integrated to the protection relay. The maximum sample rate of the recorder's analog channels is 64
samples per cycle. The recorder also supports 95 digital channels simultaneously with the twenty (20)
measured analog channels. Maximum capacity of recordings is 100.

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The recorder provides a great tool to analyze the performance of the power system during network
disturbance situations. The recorder's output is in general COMTRADE format and it is compatible with
most viewers and injection devices. The files are based on the IEEE standard C37.111-1999. Captured
recordings can be injected as playback with secondary testing tools that support the COMTRADE file
format. Playback of files might help to analyze the fault, or can be simply used for educational
purposes.

Analog and digital recording channels

Up to 20 analog recording channels and 95 digital channels are supported. The available analog
channels vary according to the device type.

Table. 5.6.1 - 62. Analog recording channels.

Signal Description

IL1 Phase current IL1

IL2 Phase current IL2

IL3 Phase current IL3

I01c Residual current I01 coarse*

I01f Residual current I01 fine*

I02c Residual current I02 coarse*

I02f Residual current I02 fine*

IL1” Phase current IL1 (CT card 2)

IL2” Phase current IL2 (CT card 2)

IL3” Phase current IL3 (CT card 2)

I01”c Residual current I01 coarse* (CT card 2)

I01”f Residual current I01 fine* (CT card 2)

I02”c Residual current I02 coarse* (CT card 2)

I02”f Residual current I02 fine* (CT card 2)

U1(2)VT1 Line-to-neutral UL1 or line-to-line voltage U12 (VT card 1)

U2(3)VT1 Line-to-neutral UL2 or line-to-line voltage U23 (VT card 1)

U3(1)VT1 Line-to-neutral UL3 or line-to-line voltage U31 (VT card 1)

U0(ss)VT1 Zero sequence voltage U0 or synchrocheck voltage USS (VT card 1)

F tracked 1 Tracked frequency of reference 1

F tracked 2 Tracked frequency of reference 2

F tracked 3 Tracked frequency of reference 3

ISup Current measurement module voltage supply supervision (CT card 1)

ISup'' Current measurement module voltage supply supervision (CT card 2)

USup Voltage measurement module voltage supply supervision (VT card 2)

IL1''' Phase current IL1 (CT card 3)

IL2''' Phase current IL2 (CT card 3)

IL3''' Phase current IL3 (CT card 3)

I01'''c Residual current I01 coarse* (CT card 3)

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Signal Description

I01'''f Residual current I01 fine* (CT card 3)

I02'''c Residual current I02 coarse* (CT card 3)

I02'''f Residual current I02 fine* (CT card 3)

ISup_3 Current measurement module voltage supply supervision (CT card 3)

UL1(2)VT2 Line-to-neutral UL1 or line-to-line voltage U12 (VT card 2)

UL2(3)VT2 Line-to-neutral UL2 or line-to-line voltage U23 (VT card 2)

UL3(1)VT2 Line-to-neutral UL3 or line-to-line voltage U31 (VT card 2)

U0(SS)VT2 Zero sequence voltage U0 or synchrocheck voltage USS (VT card 2)

USup_2 Voltage measurement module voltage supply supervision (VT card 2)

*NO
*NOTETE: There are two signals for each residual current channel in the disturbance recorder: coarse
and fine. A coarse signal is capable of sampling in the full range of the current channel but suffers a
loss of accuracy at very low currents. A fine signal is capable of sampling at very low currents and with
high accuracy but cuts off at higher currents. Table below lists performance of both channels with fine
and coarse gain.

Table. 5.6.1 - 63. Residual current channel performance with coarse or residual gain.

Channel Coarse gain range Fine gain range Fine gain peak

I01 0...150 A 0...10 A 15 A

I02 0...75 A 0...5 A 8A

Table. 5.6.1 - 64. Digital recording channels – Measurements.

Signal Description Signal Description

Currents

Primary phase current ILx Primary phase current TRMS (IL1, IL2,
Pri.Pha.curr.ILx Pha.curr.ILx TRMS Pri
(IL1, IL2, IL3) IL3)

Phase angle ILx (IL1, IL2,

Pha.angle ILx Pos./Neg./Zero seq.curr. Positive/Negative/Zero sequence current
IL3)

Phase current ILx (IL1, IL2, Secondary positive/negative/zero

Pha.curr.ILx Sec.Pos./Neg./Zero seq.curr.
IL3) sequence current

Secondary phase current Primary positive/negative/zero sequence

Sec.Pha.curr.ILx Pri.Pos./Neg./Zero seq.curr.
ILx (IL1, IL2, IL3) current

Primary residual current I0x Pos./Neg./Zero Positive/Negative/Zero sequence current

Pri.Res.curr.I0x
(I01, I02) seq.curr.angle angle

Residual current angle I0x

Res.curr.angle I0x Res.curr.I0x TRMS Residual current TRMS I0x (I01, I02)
(I01, I02)

Residual current I0x (I01, Secondary residual current TRMS I0x (I01,
Res.curr.I0x Res.curr.I0x TRMS Sec
I02) I02)

Secondary residual current Primary residual current TRMS I0x (I01,

Sec.Res.curr.I0x Res.curr.I0x TRMS Pri
I0x (I01, I02) I02)

Pri.cal.I0 Primary calculated I0 Pha.Lx ampl. THD Phase Lx amplitude THD (L1, L2, L3)

Sec.calc.I0 Secondary calculated I0 Pha.Lx pow. THD Phase Lx power THD (L1, L2, L3)

calc.I0 Calculated I0 Res.I0x ampl. THD Residual I0x amplitude THD (I01, I02)

calc.I0 Pha.angle Calculated I0 phase angle Res.I0x pow. THD Residual I0x power THD (I01, I02)

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Signal Description Signal Description

Phase current TRMS

Pha.curr.ILx TRMS P-P curr.ILx Phase-to-phase current ILx (IL1, IL2, IL3)
ILx (IL1, IL2, IL3)

Pha.curr.ILx TRMS Secondary phase current

P-P curr.I0x Phase-to-phase current I0x (I01, I02)
Sec TRMS (IL1, IL2, IL3)

Voltages

Ux voltage in per-unit values Magnitude of the system voltage ULxx

Ux Volt p.u. System volt ULxx mag
(U1, U2, U3, U4) (UL12, UL23, UL31)

Primary Ux voltage (U1, U2, Magnitude of the system voltage ULxx in

Ux Volt pri System volt ULxx mag(kV)
U3, U4) kilovolts (UL12, UL23, UL31)

Secondary Ux voltage (U1, Angle of the system voltage ULxx (UL12,

Ux Volt sec System volt ULxx ang
U2, U3, U4) UL23, UL31)

Ux voltage TRMS in per-unit Magnitude of the system voltage ULx (U1,

Ux Volt TRMS p.u. System volt ULx mag
values (U1, U2, U3, U4) U2, U3, U4)

Primary Ux voltage Magnitude of the system voltage ULx in

Ux Volt TRMS pri System volt ULx mag(kV)
TRMS (U1, U2, U3, U4) kilovolts (U1, U2, U3, U4)

Secondary Ux voltage Angle of the system voltage ULx (U1, U2,

Ux Volt TRMS sec System volt ULx ang
TRMS (U1, U2, U3, U4) U3, U4)

Positive/Negative/
Pos/Neg./Zero
Zero sequence voltage in System volt U0 mag Magnitude of the system voltage U0
seq.Volt.p.u.
per-unit values

Pos./Neg./Zero Primary positive/negative/ Magnitude of the system voltage U0 in

System volt U0 mag(kV)
seq.Volt.pri zero sequence voltage kilovolts

Secondary positive/
Pos./Neg./Zero Magnitude of the system voltage U0 in
negative/zero sequence System volt U0 mag(%)
seq.Volt.sec percentages
voltage

Ux Angle Ux angle (U1, U2, U3, U4) System volt U0 ang Angle of the system voltage U0

Pos./Neg./Zero Positive/Negative/Zero
Ux Angle difference Ux angle difference (U1, U2, U3)
Seq volt.Angle sequence voltage angle

Resistive and
reactive currents

ILx resistive current in per-

ILx Resistive Pos.seq. Resistive Current Primary positive sequence resistive
unit values (IL1, IL2, IL3)
Current p.u. Pri. current

ILx Reactive ILx reactive current in per- Pos.seq. Reactive Current

Primary positive sequence reactive current
Current p.u. unit values (IL1, IL2, IL3) Pri.

Pos.Seq. Resistive Positive sequence resistive I0x Residual Resistive Primary residual resistive current I0x (I01,
Current p.u. current in per-unit values Current Pri. I02)

Pos.Seq. Reactive Positive sequence reactive I0x Residual Reactive Primary residual reactive current I0x (I01,
Current p.u. current in per-unit values Current Pri. I02)

I0x Residual
I0x residual resistive current Secondary resistive current ILx (IL1, IL2,
Resistive Current ILx Resistive Current Sec.
in per-unit values (I01, I02) IL3)
p.u.

I0x Residual
I0x residual ractive current Secondary reactive current ILx (IL1, IL2,
Reactive Current ILx Reactive Current Sec.
in per-unit values (I01, I02) IL3)
p.u.

ILx Resistive Primary resistive current ILx I0x Residual Resistive Secondary residual resistive current I0x
Current Pri. (IL1, IL2, IL3) Current Sec. (I01, I02)

ILx Reactive Primary reactive current ILx I0x Residual Reactive Secondary residual reactive current I0x
Current Pri. (IL1, IL2, IL3) Current Sec. (I01, I02)

Power, GYB,
frequency

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Signal Description Signal Description

Lx PF Lx power factor (L1, L2, L3) Curve x Input Input of Curve x (1, 2, 3, 4)

POW1 3PH
Three-phase apparent
Apparent power Curve x Output Output of Curve x (1, 2, 3, 4)
power
(S)

POW1 3PH
Three-phase apparent
Apparent power Enablefbasedfunctions(VT1) Enable frequency-based functions
power in megavolt-amperes
(S MVA)

POW1 3PH Active

Three-phase active power Track.sys.f. Tracked system frequency
power (P)

POW1 3PH Active Three-phase active power

Sampl.f. used Used sample frequency
power (P MW) in megawatts

POW1 3PH
Reactive power Three-phase reactive power Tr f CH x Tracked frequency (channels A, B, C)
(Q)

POW1 3PH
Three-phase reactive power
Reactive power (Q Alg f Fast Fast frequency algorithm
in megavars
MVar)

POW1 3PH
Three-phase tangent phi Alg f avg Average frequency algorithm
Tan(phi)

POW1 3PH Frequency based When true ("1"), all frequency-based

Three-phase cosine phi
Cos(phi) protections blocked protections are blocked.

f atm. Protections (when not Frequency at the moment. If the system

3PH PF Three-phase power factor measurable returns to nominal is set to 50 Hz, this will show "50
nominal) Hz".

Neutral
Primary neutral f atm. Display (when not Frequency at the moment. If the frequency
conductance G
conductance measurable is 0 Hz) is not measurable, this will show "0 Hz".
(Pri)

Neutral
Primary neutral
susceptance B f meas qlty Quality of tracked frequency
susceptance
(Pri)

Indicates which of the three voltage or

Neutral
Primary neutral admittance f meas from current channel frequencies is used by the
admittance Y (Pri)
relay.

Neutral Synchrocheck – the measured frequency

admittance Y Neutral admittace angle SS1.meas.frqs from voltage channel 1
(Ang)

I01 Resistive Primary resistive Synchrocheck – the measured frequency

SS2.meas.frqs
component (Pri) component I01 from voltage channel 2

Status of this signal is active when

I01 Capacitive Primary capacitive
Enable f based functions frequency-based protection functions are
component (Pri) component I01
enabled.

Table. 5.6.1 - 65. Digital recording channels – Binary signals.

Signal Description Signal Description

DIx Digital input 1...11 Timer x Output Output of Timer 1...10

Open/close
Active if buttons I or 0 in the unit's If the unit has an internal fault, this signal
control Internal Relay Fault active
front panel are pressed. is active.
buttons

Status
(Protection, control and (see the individual function description for
PushButton x Status of Push Button 1...12 is ON
monitoring event signals) the specific outputs)
On

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Signal Description Signal Description

Status
Status of Push Button 1...12 is "Always false" is always "0". Always true is
PushButton x Always True/False
OFF always "1".
Off

Forced SG in
Stage forcing in use OUTx Output contact statuses
use

SGx Active Setting group 1...8 active GOOSE INx GOOSE input 1...64

Double
Double ethernet communication
Ethernet LinkA GOOSE INx quality Quality of GOOSE input 1...64
card link A connection is down.
down

Double
Double ethernet communication
Ethernet LinkB Logical Input x Logical input 1...32
card link B connection is down.
down

MBIO ModA Channel 1...8 of MBIO Mod A is

Logical Output x Logical output 1...64
Ch x Invalid invalid

MBIO ModB Channel 1...8 of MBIO Mod B is If NTP time synchronization is lost, this
NTP sync alarm
Ch x Invalid invalid signal will be active.

MBIO ModB Channel 1...8 of MBIO Mod C is Ph.Rotating Logic control Phase rotating order at the moment. If
Ch x Invalid invalid 0=A-B-C, 1=A-C-B true ("1") the phase order is reversed.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Digital channels are measured every 5 ms.

Recording settings and triggering

Disturbance recorder can be triggered manually or automatically by using the dedicated triggers. Every
signal listed in "Digital recording channels" can be selected to trigger the recorder.

The device has a maximum limit of 100 for the number of recordings. Even when the recordings are
very small, their number cannot exceed 100. The number of analog and digital channels together with
the sample rate and the time setting affect the recording size. See calculation examples below in the
section titled "Estimating the maximum length of total recording time".

Table. 5.6.1 - 66. Recorder control settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Recorder 0: Enabled 0:
- Enables and disables the disturbance recorder function.
enabled 1: Disabled Enabled

0: Recorder ready
1: Recording
triggered
2: Recording and
Recorder
storing - - Indicates the status of recorder.
status
3: Storing
recording
4: Recorder full
5: Wrong config

Clears selected recording. If "1" is inserted, first recording will be

Clear 32 cleared from memory. If "10" is inserted, tenth (10th) recording will be
0…2 -1 1 -
record+ cleared from memory.

Manual 0: - Triggers disturbance recording manually. This parameter will return

- 0: -
trigger 1: Trig back to "-" automatically.

Clear all 0: -
- 0: - Clears all disturbance recordings.
records 1: Clear

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Name Range Step Default Description

Clear
0: -
newest - 0: - Clears the newest stored disturbance recording.
1: Clear
record

Clear
0: -
oldest - 0: - Clears the oldest stored disturbance recording.
1: Clear
record

Max. Displays the maximum number of recordings that can be stored in the
number of 0…100 1 - device's memory with settings currently in use. The maximum number
recordings of recordings can go up to 100.

Max.
length of a 0.000...1800.000s 0.001s - Displays the maximum length of a single recording.
recording

Max.
location of Displays the highest pre-triggering time that can be set with the
0.000...1800.000s 0.001s -
the pre- settings currently in use.
trigger

Recordings
0…100 1 - Displays how many recordings are stored in the memory.
in memory

Table. 5.6.1 - 67. Recorder trigger setting.

Name Description

Recorder Selects the trigger input(s). Clicking the "Edit" button brings up a pop-up window, and checking the boxes
trigger enable the selected triggers.

Table. 5.6.1 - 68. Recorder settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Recording length 0.100...1800.000s 0.01s 1s Sets the length of a recording.

Selects what happens when the memory is full.

0: FIFO
Recording mode - 0: FIFO
1: Keep olds "FIFO" (= first in, first out) replaces the oldest stored recording
with the latest one. "Keep olds" does not accept new recordings.

0: 64s/c
Selects the sample rate of the disturbance recorder in samples
Analog channel 1: 32s/c
- 0: 64s/c per cycle. The samples are saved from the measured wave
samples 2: 16s/c
according to this setting.
3: 8s/c

Digital channel 5
5ms (fixed) - The fixed sample rate of the recorded digital channels.
samples ms(fixed)

Pretriggering
0.2…15.0s 0.1s 0.2s Sets the recording length before the trigger.
time

0…8 freely Selects the analog channel for recording. Please see the list of all
Analog recording
selectable - - available analog channels in the section titled "Analog and digital
CH1...CH20
channels recording channels".

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Name Range Step Default Description

Enables and disables the automatic transfer of recordings. The

recordings are taken from the relay's protection CPU and
transferred to the relay's FTP directory in the communication
CPU; the FTP client then automatically loads the recordings from
the relay and transfers them further to the SCADA system.

Please note that when this setting is enabled, all new disturbance
Automatically get 0: Disabled 0:
- recordings will be pushed to the FTP server of the relay. Up to six
recordings 1: Enabled Disabled
(6) recordings can be stored in the FTP at once. Once those six
recordings have been retrieved and removed, more recordings
will then be pushed to the FTP.

When a recording has been sent to the FTP server of the relay, it
is no longer accessible through setting tools Disturbance
recorder → Get DR files command.

0…95 freely Selects the digital channel for recording. Please see the list of all
Recorder digital
selectable - - available digital channels in the section titled "Analog and digital
channels
channels recording channels".

NO
NOTE!
TE!

The disturbance recorder is not ready unless the "Max. length of a recording" parameter is
showing some value other than zero. At least one trigger input has to be selected in the
"Recorder Trigger" setting to fulfill this term.

Estimating the maximum length of total recording time

Once the disturbance recorder's settings have been made and loaded to the relay, the device
automatically calculates and displays the total length of recordings. However, if the user wishes to
confirm this calculation, they can do so with the following formula. Please note that the formula
assumes there are no other files in the FTP that share the 64 MB space.

Where:

• total sample reserve = the number of samples available in the FTP when no other files are
saved; calculated by dividing the total number of available bytes by 4 bytes (=the size of one
sample); e.g. 64 306 588 bytes/4 bytes = 16 076 647 samples.
• fn = the nominal frequency (Hz).
• Chan = the number of analog channels recorded; "+ 1" stands for the time stamp for each
recorded sample.
• SR = the selected sample rate (s/c).
• 200 Hz = the rate at which digital channels are always recorded, i.e. 5 ms.
• Chdig = the number of digital channels recorded.

For example, let us say the nominal frequency is 50 Hz, the selected sample rate is 64 s/c, nine (9)
analog channels and two (2) digital channels record. The calculation is as follows:

Therefore, the maximum recording length in our example is approximately 496 seconds.

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Application example
This chapter presents an application example of how to set the disturbance recorder and analyze its
output. The recorder is configured by using the setting tool software or relay HMI, and the results are
analyzed with the AQviewer software (is automatically downloaded and installed with
AQtivate). Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website
(arcteq.fi./downloads/).

In this example, we want the recordings to be made according to the following specifications:

• the recording length is 6.0 s

• the sample rate is 64 s/c (therefore, with a 50 Hz system frequency a sample is taken every
312.5 µs)
• the analog channels 1...8 are used
• digital channels are tracked every 5 ms
• the first activation of the overcurrent stage trip (I> TRIP) triggers the recorder
• the pre-triggering time is 5 (ie. how long is recorded before the I> TRIP signal) and the post-
triggering time is 1 s

The image below shows how these settings are placed in the setting tool.

Figure. 5.6.1 - 79. Disturbance recorder settings.

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Figure. 5.6.1 - 80. Effects of recording length and pre-triggering time signals. This example is based on the settings shown
above.

When there is at least one recording in the device's memory, that recording can be analyzed by using
the AQviewer software (see the image below). However, the recording must first be made accessible to
AQViewer. The user can read it from the device's memory (Disturbance recorder → Get DR-
files). Alternatively, the user can load the recordings individually (Disturbance recorder → DR List) from
a folder in the PC's hard disk drive; the exact location of the folder is described in Tools → Settings
→ DR path.

The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer
software instructions can be found in AQtivate 200 Instruction manual (arcteq.fi./downloads/).

Events
The disturbance recorder function (abbreviated "DR" in event block names) generates events and
registers from the status changes of the function: the recorder generates an event each time it is
triggered (manually or by dedicated signals). Events cannot be masked off. The user can select which
event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.

Table. 5.6.1 - 69. Event messages.

Event block name Event names

DR1 Recorder triggered ON

DR1 Recorder triggered OFF

DR1 Recorder memory cleared

DR1 Oldest record cleared

DR1 Recorder memory full ON

DR1 Recorder memory full OFF

DR1 Recording ON

DR1 Recording OFF

DR1 Storing recording ON

DR1 Storing recording OFF

DR1 Newest record cleared

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5.6.2 Event logger

Event logger records status changes of protection functions, digital inputs, logical signals etc. Events
are recorded with a timestamp. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. Up to 15 000 events can be stored
at once. When 15 000 events have been recorded, the event history will begin to remove the oldest
events to make room for new events. You can find more information about event masks in the
selected function's "Events" tab. Event masks determine what is recorded into the event history; they
are configured in each function's individual settings in the Protection, Control and Monitoring menu.
Event history is accessible with PC setting tool (Tools → Events and Logs → Event history) and from
the device HMI if "Events" view has been configured with Carousel designer in PC setting tool.

5.6.3 Measurement recorder

Measurements can be recorded to a file with the measurement recorder. The chosen measurements
are recorded at selected intervals. In the "Measurement recorder" window, the measurements the user
wants to be recorded can be selected by checking their respective check boxes. In order for the
measurement recorder to activate, a connection to a relay must be established via the setting tool
software and its Live Edit mode must be enabled (see the AQtivate 200 manual for more information).
Navigate to the measurement recorder through Tools → Miscellaneous tools → Measurement
recorder. The recording interval can be changed from the "Interval" drop-down menu. From the
"Record in" drop-down menu the user can also choose whether the measurements are recorded in the
setting tool or in the relay.

If the recording is done in the setting tool, both the setting tool software and its Live Edit mode have to
be activated. The user can change the recording file location by editing the "Path" field. File names can
also be changed with the "File name" field. Hitting the "Record" button (the big red circle) starts the
recorder. Please note that closing the "Measurement recorder" window does not stop the recording;
that can only be done by hitting the "Stop" button (the big blue circle).

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If the recording is done in the relay, only the recording interval needs to be set before recording can be
started. The setting tool estimates the maximum recording time, which depends on the recording
interval. When the measurement recorder is running, the measurements can be viewed in graph form
with the AQtivate PRO software (see the image below).

Figure. 5.6.3 - 81. Measurement recorder values viewed with AQtivate PRO.

Table. 5.6.3 - 70. Available analog signals.

Curr
Current
ent mea
measur
surements
ements P-P Curr.I”L3 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

Pri.Pha.Curr.IL1 P-P Curr.I”01 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

Pri.Pha.Curr.IL2 P-P Curr.I”02 L1 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh

Pri.Pha.Curr.IL3 Pha.angle I”L1 L1 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh

Pri.Res.Curr.I01 Pha.angle I”L2 L2 Exp.Active Energy MWh

Pri.Res.Curr.I02 Pha.angle I”L3 L2 Exp.Active Energy kWh

Pri.Calc.I0 Res.Curr.angle I”01 L2 Imp.Active Energy MWh

Pha.Curr.IL1 TRMS Pri Res.Curr.angle I”02 L2 Imp.Active Energy kWh

Pha.Curr.IL2 TRMS Pri Calc.I”0.angle L2 Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh

Pha.Curr.IL3 TRMS Pri I” Pos.Seq.Curr.angle L2 Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh

Pri.Pos.Seq.Curr. I” Neg.Seq.Curr.angle L2 Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Pri.Neg.Seq.Curr. I” Zero.Seq.Curr.angle L2 Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Pri.Zero.Seq.Curr. Volta
oltage
ge mea
measur
surements
ements L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Res.Curr.I01 TRMS Pri U1Volt Pri L2 Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Res.Curr.I02 TRMS Pri U2Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh

Sec.Pha.Curr.IL1 U3Volt Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh

Sec.Pha.Curr.IL2 U4Volt Pri L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

Sec.Pha.Curr.IL3 U1Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

Sec.Res.Curr.I01 U2Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

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Sec.Res.Curr.I02 U3Volt Pri TRMS L2 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

Sec.Calc.I0 U4Volt Pri TRMS L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh

Pha.Curr.IL1 TRMS Sec Pos.Seq.Volt.Pri L2 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh

Pha.Curr.IL2 TRMS Sec Neg.Seq.Volt.Pri L3 Exp.Active Energy MWh

Pha.Curr.IL3 TRMS Sec Zero.Seq.Volt.Pri L3 Exp.Active Energy kWh

Sec.Pos.Seq.Curr. U1Volt Sec L3 Imp.Active Energy MWh

Sec.Neg.Seq.Curr. U2Volt Sec L3 Imp.Active Energy kWh

Sec.Zero.Seq.Curr. U3Volt Sec L3 Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh

Res.Curr.I01 TRMS Sec U4Volt Sec L3 Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh

Res.Curr.I02 TRMS Sec U1Volt Sec TRMS L3 Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Pha.Curr.IL1 U2Volt Sec TRMS L3 Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Pha.Curr.IL2 U3Volt Sec TRMS L3 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Pha.Curr.IL3 U4Volt Sec TRMS L3 Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Res.Curr.I01 Pos.Seq.Volt.Sec L3 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh

Res.Curr.I02 Neg.Seq.Volt.Sec L3 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh

Calc.I0 Zero.Seq.Volt.Sec L3 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

Pha.Curr.IL1 TRMS U1Volt p.u. L3 Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

Pha.Curr.IL2 TRMS U2Volt p.u. L3 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

Pha.Curr.IL3 TRMS U3Volt p.u. L3 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

Pos.Seq.Curr. U4Volt p.u. L3 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh

Neg.Seq.Curr. U1Volt TRMS p.u. L3 Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh

Zero.Seq.Curr. U2Volt TRMS p.u. Exp.Active Energy MWh

Res.Curr.I01 TRMS U3Volt p.u. Exp.Active Energy kWh

Res.Curr.I02 TRMS U4Volt p.u. Imp.Active Energy MWh

Pha.L1 ampl. THD Pos.Seq.Volt. p.u. Imp.Active Energy kWh

Pha.L2 ampl. THD Neg.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh

Pha.L3 ampl. THD Zero.Seq.Volt. p.u. Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh

Pha.L1 pow. THD U1Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Pha.L2 pow. THD U2Volt Angle Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Pha.L3 pow. THD U3Volt Angle Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh

Res.I01 ampl. THD U4Volt Angle Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh

Res.I01 pow. THD Pos.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh

Res.I02 ampl. THD Neg.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh

Res.I02 pow. THD Zero.Seq.Volt. Angle Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

P-P Curr.IL1 System Volt UL12 mag Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

P-P Curr.IL2 System Volt UL12 mag (kV) Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

P-P Curr.IL3 System Volt UL23 mag Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

P-P Curr.I01 System Volt UL23 mag (kV) Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.Mvarh

P-P Curr.I02 System Volt UL31 mag Exp/Imp React.Ind.E.bal.kvarh

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Pha.angle IL1 System Volt UL31 mag (kV) Other mea

measur
surements
ements

Pha.angle IL2 System Volt UL1 mag TM> Trip expect mode

Pha.angle IL3 System Volt UL1 mag (kV) TM> Time to 100% T

Res.Curr.angle I01 System Volt UL2 mag TM> Reference T curr.

Res.Curr.angle I02 System Volt UL2 mag (kV) TM> Active meas curr.

Calc.I0.angle System Volt UL3 mag TM> T est.with act. curr.

Pos.Seq.Curr.angle System Volt UL3 mag (kV) TM> T at the moment

Neg.Seq.Curr.angle System Volt U0 mag TM> Max.Temp.Rise All.

Zero.Seq.Curr.angle System Volt U0 mag (kV) TM> Temp.Rise atm.

Pri.Pha.Curr.I”L1 System Volt U1 mag TM> Hot Spot estimate

Pri.Pha.Curr.I”L2 System Volt U1 mag (kV) TM> Hot Spot Max. All

Pri.Pha.Curr.I”L3 System Volt U2 mag TM> Used k for amb.temp

Pri.Res.Curr.I”01 System Volt U2 mag (kV) TM> Trip delay remaining

Pri.Res.Curr.I”02 System Volt U3 mag TM> Alarm 1 time to rel.

Pri.Calc.I”0 System Volt U3 mag (kV) TM> Alarm 2 time to rel.

Pha.Curr.I”L1 TRMS Pri System Volt U4 mag TM> Inhibit time to rel.

Pha.Curr.I”L2 TRMS Pri System Volt U4 mag (kV) TM> Trip time to rel.

Pha.Curr.I”L3 TRMS Pri System Volt UL12 ang S1 Measurement

I” Pri.Pos.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL23 ang S2 Measurement

I” Pri.Neg.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL31 ang S3 Measurement

I” Pri.Zero.Seq.Curr. System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement

Res.Curr.I”01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement

Res.Curr.I”02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement

Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement

Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement

Sec.Pha.Curr.I”L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement

Sec.Res.Curr.I”01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measurement

Sec.Res.Curr.I”02 System Volt U4 ang S11 Measurement

Sec.Calc.I”0 Power mea

measur
surements
ements S12 Measurement

Pha.Curr.I”L1 TRMS Sec L1 Apparent Power (S) Sys.meas.frqs

Pha.Curr.I”L2 TRMS Sec L1 Active Power (P) f atm.

Pha.Curr.I”L3 TRMS Sec L1 Reactive Power (Q) f meas from

I” Sec.Pos.Seq.Curr. L1 Tan(phi) SS1.meas.frqs

I” Sec.Neg.Seq.Curr. L1 Cos(phi) SS1f meas from

I” Sec.Zero.Seq.Curr. L2 Apparent Power (S) SS2 meas.frqs

Res.Curr.I”01 TRMS Sec L2 Active Power (P) SS2f meas from

Res.Curr.I”02 TRMS Sec L2 Reactive Power (Q) L1 Bias current

Pha.Curr.I”L1 L2 Tan(phi) L1 Diff current

Pha.Curr.I”L2 L2 Cos(phi) L1 Char current

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Pha.Curr.I”L3 L3 Apparent Power (S) L2 Bias current

Res.Curr.I”01 L3 Active Power (P) L2 Diff current

Res.Curr.I”02 L3 Reactive Power (Q) L2 Char current

Calc.I”0 L3 Tan(phi) L3 Bias current

Pha.Curr.I”L1 TRMS L3 Cos(phi) L3 Diff current

Pha.Curr.I”L2 TRMS 3PH Apparent Power (S) L3 Char current

Pha.Curr.I”L3 TRMS 3PH Active Power (P) HV I0d> Bias current

I” Pos.Seq.Curr. 3PH Reactive Power (Q) HV I0d> Diff current

I” Neg.Seq.Curr. 3PH Tan(phi) HV I0d> Char current

I” Zero.Seq.Curr. 3PH Cos(phi) LV I0d> Bias current

Res.Curr.I”01 TRMS Ener

nerggy mea
measur
surements
ements LV I0d> Diff current

Res.Curr.I”02 TRMS L1 Exp.Active Energy MWh LV I0d> Char current

Pha.IL”1 ampl. THD L1 Exp.Active Energy kWh Curve1 Input

Pha.IL”2 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy MWh Curve1 Output

Pha.IL”3 ampl. THD L1 Imp.Active Energy kWh Curve2 Input

Pha.IL”1 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp Act. E balance MWh Curve2 Output

Pha.IL”2 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp Act. E balance kWh Curve3 Input

Pha.IL”3 pow. THD L1 Exp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Curve3 Output

Res.I”01 ampl. THD L1 Exp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Curve4 Input

Res.I”01 pow. THD L1 Imp.React.Cap.E.Mvarh Curve4 Output

Res.I”02 ampl. THD L1 Imp.React.Cap.E.kvarh Control mode

Res.I”02 pow. THD L1 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.Mvarh Motor status

P-P Curr.I”L1 L1 Exp/Imp React.Cap.E.bal.kvarh Active setting group

P-P Curr.I”L2 L1 Exp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh

L1 Exp.React.Ind.E.kvarh

5.6.4 Measurement value recorder

The measurement value recorder function records the value of the selected magnitudes at the time of a
pre-defined trigger signal. A typical application is the recording of fault currents or voltages at the time
of the breaker trips; it can also be used to record the values from any trigger signal set by the user. The
user can select whether the function records per-unit values or primary values. Additionally, the user
can set the function to record overcurrent fault types or voltage fault types. The function operates
instantly from the trigger signal.

The measurement value recorder function has an integrated fault display which shows the current fault
values when the tripped by one of the following functions:

• I> (non-directional overcurrent)

• I2> (current unbalance)
• Idir> (directional overcurrent)
• I0> (non-directional earth fault)
• I0dir> (directional earth fault)
• f<(underfrequency)
• f> (overfrequency)
• U< (undervoltage)

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• U> (overvoltage)
• U1/U2 >/< (sequence voltage)
• U0> (residual voltage)
• P> (over power)
• P< (under power)
• Prev> (reverse power)
• T> (thermal overload)

When any of these functions trip, the fault values and the fault type are displayed in the Mimic view. The
view can be enabled by activating the "VREC Trigger on"setting (Tools → Events and logs → Set alarm
events). The resetting of the fault values is done by the input selected in the General menu.

Function keeps 12 latest recordings in memory. Recordings can be viewed in the HMI if "Fault registers"
view has been added with "Carousel designer" tool.

Figure. 5.6.4 - 82. 12 latest recordings can be accessed from HMI if "Fault registers" view has been enabled in "Carousel
designer" tool.

Measured input
The function block uses analog current and voltage measurement values. Based on these values, the
relay calculates the primary and secondary values of currents, voltages, powers, and impedances as
well as other values.

The user can set up to eight (8) magnitudes to be recorded when the function is triggered. An
overcurrent fault type, a voltage fault type, and a tripped stage can be recorded and reported straight
to SCADA.

NO
NOTE!
TE!

The available measurement values depend on the relay type. If only current analog
measurements are available, the recorder can solely use signals which only use current. The
same applies, if only voltage analog measurements are available.

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Currents Description

IL1 (ff), IL2 (ff), IL3 (ff), I01 (ff), I02 The fundamental frequency current measurement values (RMS) of phase currents and
(ff) of residual currents.

IL1TRMS, IL2TRMS, IL3TRMS,

The TRMS current measurement values of phase currents and of residual currents.
I01TRMS, I02TRMS

IL1,2,3 & I01/I02 2nd h., 3rd h., 4th The magnitudes of phase current components: Fundamental, 2nd harmonic, 3rd
h., 5th h., 7th h., 9th h., 11th h., 13th harmonic, 4th harmonic, 5th harmonic 7th, harmonic 9th, harmonic 11th, harmonic 13th,
th th th
h., 15 h., 17 h., 19 h. harmonic 15th, harmonic 17th, harmonic 19th harmonic current.

The positive sequence current, the negative sequence current and the zero sequence
I1, I2, I0Z
current.

I0CalcMag The residual current calculated from phase currents.

IL1Ang, IL2Ang, IL3Ang,

I01Ang, I02Ang, I0CalcAng,
The angles of each measured current.
I1Ang, I2Ang

Volta
oltages
ges Descrip
Description
tion

UL1Mag, UL2Mag, UL3Mag,

UL12Mag, UL23Mag, UL31Mag The magnitudes of phase voltages, of phase-to-phase voltages, and of residual
voltages.
U0Mag, U0CalcMag

U1 Pos.seq V mag, U2 Neg.seq V

The positive sequence voltage and the negative sequence voltage.
mag

UL1Ang, UL2Ang, UL3Ang,

UL12Ang, UL23Ang, UL31Ang
The angles of phase voltages, of phase-to-phase voltages, and of residual voltages.
U0Ang, U0CalcAng

U1 Pos.seq V Ang, U2 Neg.seq V

The positive sequence angle and the negative sequence angle.
Ang

Powers Descrip
Description
tion

S3PH, P3PH, Q3PH The three-phase apparent, active and reactive powers.

SL1, SL2, SL3, PL1, PL2, PL3,

The phase apparent, active and reactive powers.
QL1, QL2, QL3

tanfi3PH, tanfiL1, tanfiL2, tanfiL3 The tan (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers.

cosfi3PH, cosfiL1, cosfiL2, cosfiL3 The cos (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers.

Impedances and admit

admittances
tances Descrip
Description
tion

RL12, RL23, RL31

XL12, XL23, XL31,
RL1, RL2, RL3
The phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral resistances, reactances and impedances.
XL1, XL2, XL3
Z12, Z23, Z31
ZL1, ZL2, ZL3

Z12Ang, Z23Ang, Z31Ang,

The phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral impedance angles.
ZL1Ang, ZL2Ang, ZL3Ang

Rseq, Xseq, Zseq

The positive sequence resistance, reactance and impedance values and angles.
RseqAng, XseqAng, ZseqAng

GL1, GL2, GL3, G0

BL1, BL2, BL3, B0 The conductances, susceptances and admittances.
YL1, YL2, YL3, Y0

YL1angle, YL2angle, YL3angle

The admittance angles.
Y0angle

Others Descrip
Description
tion

System f. The tracking frequency in use at that moment.

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Currents Description

Ref f1 The reference frequency 1.

Ref f2 The reference frequency 2.

M thermal T The motor thermal temperature.

F thermal T The feeder thermal temperature.

T thermal T The transformer thermal temperature.

RTD meas 1…16 The RTD measurement channels 1…16.

Ext RTD meas 1…8 The external RTD measurement channels 1…8 (ADAM module).

Reported values
When triggered, the function holds the recorded values of up to eight channels, as set. In addition to
this tripped stage, the overcurrent fault type and the voltage fault types are reported to SCADA.

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Table. 5.6.4 - 71. Reported values.

Name Range Step Description

0: -
1: I> Trip
2: I>> Trip
3: I>>> Trip
4: I>>>> Trip
5: IDir> Trip
6: IDir>> Trip
7: IDir>>> Trip
8: IDir>>>> Trip
9: U> Trip
10: U>> Trip
11: U>>> Trip
12: U>>>> Trip
13: U< Trip
14: U<< Trip
15: U<<< Trip
16: U<<<< Trip
17: I0> TRIP
18: I0>> Trip
19: I0>>> Trip
20: I0>>>> Trip
21: I0Dir> Trip
22: I0Dir>> Trip
23: I0Dir>>> Trip
Tripped stage 24: I0Dir>>>> Trip - The tripped stage.
25: f> Trip
26: f>> Trip
27: f>>> Trip
28: f>>>> Trip
29: f< Trip
30: f<< Trip
31: f<<< Trip
32: f<<<< Trip
33: P> Trip
34: P< Trip
35: Prev> Trip
36: T> Trip
37: I2> Trip
38: I2>> Trip
39: I2>>> Trip
40: I2>>>> Trip
41: U1/2 > Trip
42: U1/2 >> Trip
43: U1/2 >>> Trip
44: U1/2 >>>> Trip
45: U0> Trip
46: U0>> Trip
47: U0>>> Trip
48: U0>>>> Trip

0: -
1: A-G
2: B-G
3: A-B
Overcurrent fault type - The overcurrent fault type.
4: C-G
5: A-C
6: B-C
7: A-B-C

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Name Range Step Description

0: -
1: A(AB)
2: B(BC)
3: A-B(AB-BC)
4: C(CA)
5: A-C(AB-CA)
6: B-C(BC-CA)
7: A-B-C
8: -
Voltage fault type - The voltage fault type.
9: Overfrequency
10: Underfrequency
11: Overpower
12: Underpower
13: Reversepower
14: Thermal overload
15: Unbalance
16: Harmonic overcurrent
17: Residual overvoltage

Magnitude 1…8 0.000…1800.000 A/V/p.u. 0.001 A/V/p.u. The recorded value in one of the eight channels.

Events
The measurement value recorder function (abbreviated "VREC" in event block names) generates
events from the function triggers. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main
event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.

Table. 5.6.4 - 72. Event messages.

Event block name Event name

VREC1 Recorder triggered ON

VREC1 Recorder triggered OFF

5.6.5 Running hour counter

The running hour counter (abbreviated "RHC" in event block names) is capable of counting the running
time of a motor, a generator, or a similar application.

The counter value can be added to the mimic view and read to SCADA.

Table. 5.6.5 - 73. Parameter descriptions

Name Range Step Description

Activate
counter Any binary input - Counter runs whenever input set here is active.
input

Indicates running hours counted so far.

Running
hh:mm:ss -
hours This value can be edited by the user. The user input must be set in seconds, which is
then converted by the device to hours, minutes and seconds (hh:mm:ss).

Start 0...4294967295 1
Start counter.
count Starts Start

Clear 0: -
- Clears "Running hours" and "Start count".
hours 1: Clear

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Table. 5.6.5 - 74. Event messages.

Event block name Event name

RHC1 Running hour counter ON

RHC1 Running hour counter OFF

RHC1 Running hour counter cleared ON

RHC1 Running hour counter cleared OFF

5.7 Programmable stage (PGx>/<; 99)

The programmable stage is a stage that the user can program to create more advanced applications,
either as an individual stage or together with programmable logic. The relay has ten programmable
stages, and each can be set to follow one to three analog measurements. The programmable stages
have three available pick up terms options: overX, underX and rate-of-change of the selected signal.
Each stage includes a definite time delay to trip after a pick-up has been triggered.

The programmable stage cycle time is 5 ms. The pick-up delay depends on which analog signal is
used as well as its refresh rate (typically under a cycle in a 50 Hz system).

The number of programmable stages to be used is set in the INFO tab. When this function has been
set as "Activated", the number of programmable stages can be set anywhere between one (1) and ten
(10) depending on how many the application needs. In the image below, the number of programmable
stages have been set to two which makes PS1 and PS2 to appear. Inactive stages are hidden until they
are activated.

Please note that setting the number of available stages does not activate those stages, as they also
need to be enabled individually with the PSx >/< Enabled parameter. When enabled an active
stage shows its current state (condition), the expected operating time and the time remaining to trip
under the activation parameters. If a stage is not active the PSx>/< condition parameter will merely
display “Disabled”.

The function's outputs are START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals. The programmable stage function
uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source.

The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. Definite time (DT) delay can be selected in
the In time-delayed mode.

The inputs for the function are the following:

• operating mode selections

• setting parameters
• digital inputs and logic signals
• measured and pre-processed magnitudes.

The function's outputs are START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O
controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events
to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the
function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp. The time stamp
resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START, TRIP and
BLOCKED events.

Analog values
The numerous analog signals have been divided into categories to help the user find the desired value.

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Table. 5.7 - 75. Phase and residual current measurements (IL1, IL2, IL3, Io1 and Io2)

Name Description

ILx ff (p.u.) Fundamental frequency RMS value (in p.u.)

ILx 2nd h. ILx 2nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 3rd h. ILx 3nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 4th h. ILx 4nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 5th h. ILx 5nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 7th h. ILx 7nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 9th h. ILx 9nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 11th h. ILx 11nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 13th h. ILx 13nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 15th h. ILx 15nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 17th h. ILx 17nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx 19th h. ILx 19nd harmonic value (in p.u.)

ILx TRMS ILx TRMS value (in p.u.)

ILx Ang ILx Angle (degrees)

Table. 5.7 - 76. Other current measurements

Name Description

I0Z Mag Zero sequence current value (in p.u.)

I0CALC Mag Calculated I0 value (in p.u.)

I1 Mag Positive sequence current value (in p.u.)

I2 Mag Negative sequence current value (in p.u.)

I0CALC Ang Angle of calculated residual current (degrees)

I1 Ang Angle of positive sequence current (degrees)

I2 Ang Angle of negative sequence current (degrees)

I01ResP I01 primary current of a current-resistive component

I01CapP I01 primary current of a current-capacitive component

I01ResS I01 secondary current of a current-resistive component

I01CapS I01 secondary current of a current-capacitive component

I02ResP I02 primary current of a current-resistive component

I02CapP I02 primary current of a current-capacitive component

I02ResS I02 secondary current of a current-resistive component

I02CapS I02 secondary current of a current-capacitive component

Table. 5.7 - 77. Voltage measurements

Name Description

UL12Mag UL12 Primary voltage V

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Name Description

UL23Mag UL23 Primary voltage V

UL31Mag UL31 Primary voltage V

UL1Mag UL1 Primary voltage V

UL2Mag UL2 Primary voltage V

UL3Mag UL3 Primary voltage V

UL12Ang UL12 angle (degrees)

UL23Ang UL23 angle (degrees)

UL31Ang UL31 angle (degrees)

UL1Ang UL1 angle (degrees)

UL2Ang UL2 angle (degrees)

UL3Ang UL3 angle (degrees)

U0Ang UL0 angle (degrees)

U0CalcMag Calculated residual voltage

U1 pos.seq.V Mag Positive sequence voltage

U2 neg.seq.V Mag Negative sequence voltage

U0CalcAng Calculated residual voltage angle (degrees)

U1 pos.seq.V Ang Positive sequence voltage angle (degrees)

U2 neg.seq.V Ang Negative sequence voltage angle (degrees)

Table. 5.7 - 78. Power measurements

Name Description

S3PH Three-phase apparent power S (kVA)

P3PH Three-phase active power P (kW)

Q3PH Three-phase reactive power Q (kvar)

tanfi3PH Three-phase active power direction

cosfi3PH Three-phase reactive power direction

SLx Phase apparent power L1 / L2 / L3 S (kVA)

PLx Phase active power L1 / L2 / L3 P (kW)

QLx Phase reactive power L1 / L2 / L3 Q (kVar)

tanfiLx Phase active power direction L1 / L2 / L3

cosfiLx Phase reactive power direction L1 / L2 / L3

Table. 5.7 - 79. Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral impedances, resistances and reactances

Name Description

RLxPri Resistance R L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 primary (Ω)

XLxPri Reactance X L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 primary (Ω)

ZLxPri Impedance Z L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 primary (Ω)

RLxSec Resistance R L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 secondary (Ω)

XLxSec Reactance X L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 secondary (Ω)

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Name Description

ZLxSec Impedance Z L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 secondary (Ω)

ZLxAngle Impedance Z L12, L23, L31, L1, L2, L3 angle

Table. 5.7 - 80. Other impedances, resistances and reactances

Name Description

RSeqPri Positive Resistance R primary (Ω)

XSeqPri Positive Reactance X primary (Ω)

RSeqSec Positive Resistance R secondary (Ω)

XSeqSec Positive Reactance X secondary (Ω)

ZSeqPri Positive Impedance Z primary (Ω)

ZSeqSec Positive Impedance Z secondary (Ω)

ZSeqAngle Positive Impedance Z angle

Table. 5.7 - 81. Conductances, susceptances and admittances (L1, L2, L3)

Name Description

GLxPri Conductance G L1, L2, L3 primary (mS)

BLxPri Susceptance B L1, L2, L3 primary (mS)

YLxPriMag Admittance Y L1, L2, L3 primary (mS)

GLxSec Conductance G L1, L2, L3 secondary (mS)

BLxSec Susceptance B L1, L2, L3 secondary (mS)

YLxSecMag Admittance Y L1, L2, L3 secondary (mS)

YLxAngle Admittance Y L1, L2, L3 angle (degrees)

Table. 5.7 - 82. Other conductances, susceptances and admittances

Name Description

G0Pri Conductance G0 primary (mS)

B0Pri Susceptance B0 primary (mS)

G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary (mS)

B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary (mS)

Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary (mS)

Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary (mS)

Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle

Table. 5.7 - 83. Other measurements

Name Description

System f. System frequency

Ref f1 Reference frequency 1

Ref f2 Reference frequency 2

M Thermal T Motor thermal temperature

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Name Description

F Thermal T Feeder thermal temperature

T Thermal T Transformer thermal temperature

RTD meas 1…16 RTD measurement channels 1…16

Ext RTD meas 1…8 External RTD measurement channels 1…8 (ADAM)

mA input 7,8,15,16 mA input channels 7, 8, 15, 16

ASC 1…4 Analog scaled curves 1…4

Magnitude multiplier
Programmable stages can be set to follow one, two or three analog measurements with the PSx >/<
Measurement setting parameter. The user must choose a measurement signal value to be compared
to the set value, and possibly also set a scaling for the signal. The image below is an example
of scaling: a primary neutral voltage has been scaled to a percentage value for easier handling when
setting up the comparator.

The scaling factor was calculated by taking the inverse value of a 20 kV system:

When this multiplier is in use, the full earth fault neutral voltage is 11 547 V primary which is
then multiplied with the above-calculated scaling factor, inversing the final result to 100%. This way a
pre-processed signal is easier to set, although it is also possible to just use the scaling factor of 1.0 and
set the desired pick-up limit as the primary voltage. Similarly, any chosen measurement value can be
scaled to the desired form.

Read-only parameters
The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is
accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is
connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.

Table. 5.7 - 84. Information displayed by the function.

Name Range Description

0: Normal
1: Start
Condition Displays status of the function.
2: Trip
3: Blocked

Expected operating time -1800.000...1800.000s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs.

When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a
Time remaining to trip 0.000...1800.000s
trip, this displays how much time is left before tripping occurs.

-5 000 000...5 000 Displays measurement value after multiplying it the value set to PSx
PSx Scaled magnitude X
000 Magnitude multiplier.

PSx >/< MeasMag1/ -5 000 000...5 000

The ratio between measured magnitude and the pick-up setting.
MagSet1 at the moment 000

PSx >/< MeasMag2/ -5 000 000...5 000

The ratio between measured magnitude and the pick-up setting.
MagSet2 at the moment 000

PSx >/< MeasMag3/ -5 000 000...5 000

The ratio between measured magnitude and the pick-up setting.
MagSet3 at the moment 000

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Name Range Description

PSx >/< CalcMeasMag/ -5 000 000...5 000

The ratio between calculated magnitude and the pick-up setting.
MagSet at the moment 000

Pick-up
The Pick-up setting Mag setting parameter controls the pick-up of the PGx>/< function. This defines
the maximum or minimum allowed measured magnitude before action from the function. The function
constantly calculates the ratio between the set and the measured magnitudes. The user can set the
reset hysteresis in the function (by default 3 %). It is always relative to the Pick-up setting Mag value.

Table. 5.7 - 85. Pick-up settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: Over >
1: Over (abs) >
2: Under <
3: Under (abs) <
Comparator mode for the magnitude. See "Comparator
PS# Pick-up term 4: Delta set (%) +/-
- 0: Over modes" section below for more information.
Mag# >
5: Delta abs (%) >
6: Delta +/- measval
7: Delta abs
measval

-5 000
PS# Pick-up setting Pick-up magnitude
000.0000…5 000 0.0001 0.01
Mag#/calc >/<
000.0000

PS# Setting Setting hysteresis

0.0000…50.0000% 0.0001% 3%
hysteresis Mag#

Definite operating Delay setting

0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.04s
time delay

Pick-up release delay

Release time delays 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.06s

The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the
function. The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active.

Comparator modes
When setting the comparators, the user must first choose a comparator mode.

Table. 5.7 - 86. Comparator modes

Mode Description

Grea
eatter than
than. If the measured signal is greater than the set pick-up level, the comparison
0: Over >
condition is fulfilled.

Grea
eatter than ((absol
absolut
ute
e). If the absolute value of the measured signal is greater than the set
1: Over (abs) >
pick-up level, the comparison condition is fulfilled.

Less than
than. If the measured signal is less than the set pick-up level, the comparison condition
2: Under < is fulfilled. The user can also set a blocking limit: the comparison is not active when the
measured value is less than the set blocking limit.

Less than ((absol

absolut
ute
e). If the absolute value of the measured signal is less than the set pick-up
3: Under (abs) < level, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The user can also set a blocking limit: the
comparison is not active when the measured value is less than the set blocking limit.

Rela
elativ
tive
e change o
ovver time
time. If the measured signal changes more than the set relative pick-up
4: Delta set (%) +/- >
value in 20 ms, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The condition is dependent on direction.

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Mode Description

Rela
elativ
tivee change o
ovver time ((absol
absolut
ute
e). If the measured signal changes more than the set
5: Delta abs (%) > relative pick-up value in 20 ms in either direction, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The
condition is not dependent on direction.

Change o
ovver time
time. If the measured signal changes more than the set pick-up value in 20 ms,
6: Delta +/- measval
the comparison condition is fulfilled. The condition is dependent on direction.

Change oovver time ((absol

absolut
ute
e). If the measured signal changes more than the set pick-up value
7: Delta abs measval in 20 ms in either direction, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The condition is not
dependent on direction.

The pick-up level is set individually for each comparison. When setting up the pick-up level, the user
needs to take into account the modes in use as well as the desired action. The pick-up limit can be
set either as positive or as negative. Each pick-up level has a separate hysteresis setting which is 3 %
by default.

The user can set the operating and releasing time delays for each stage.

Function blocking
The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received
from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when
the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time
characteristics calculation.

If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and
the function does not process the situation further. If the START function has been activated before the
blocking signal, it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick-
up signal is reset.

The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time-stamped blocking event with
information of the startup values of the selected signal and its fault type to be issued.

The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach
the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to
activate in time.

Events and registers

The programmable stage function (abbreviated "PGS" in event block names) generates events and
registers from the status changes in START, TRIP, and BLOCKED. The user can select which event
messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.

The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values.

Table. 5.7 - 87. Event messages.

Event block name Event names

PGS1 PS1 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS1 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS1 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS1 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS1 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS1 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS2 >/< Start ON

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Event block name Event names

PGS1 PS2 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS2 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS2 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS2 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS2 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS3 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS3 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS3 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS3 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS3 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS3 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS4 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS4 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS4 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS4 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS4 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS4 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS5 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS5 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS5 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS5 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS5 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS5 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 reserved

PGS1 reserved

PGS1 PS6 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS6 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS6 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS6 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS6 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS6 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS7 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS7 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS7 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS7 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS7 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS7 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS8 >/< Start ON

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Event block name Event names

PGS1 PS8 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS8 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS8 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS8 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS8 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS9 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS9 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS9 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS9 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS9 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS9 >/< Block OFF

PGS1 PS10 >/< Start ON

PGS1 PS10 >/< Start OFF

PGS1 PS10 >/< Trip ON

PGS1 PS10 >/< Trip OFF

PGS1 PS10 >/< Block ON

PGS1 PS10 >/< Block OFF

The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the
function records the ON event process data for START, TRIP or BLOCKED. The table below
presents the structure of the function's register content.

Table. 5.7 - 88. Register content.

Trip time
Date and time Event >/< Mag# Mag#/Set# Used SG
remaining

dd.mm.yyyy Event The numerical value of Ratio between the measured Setting group
0 ms...1800s
hh:mm:ss.mss name the magnitude magnitude and the pick-up setting 1...8 active

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6 Communication
6.1 Connections menu
"Connections" menu is found under "Communication" menu. It contains all basic settings of ethernet
port and RS-485 serial port included with every AQ-200 device as well as settings of communication
option cards.

Table. 6.1 - 89. Ethernet settings.

Name Range Description

Set IP address of the ethernet port in the back of the AQ-200 series
IP address 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255
device.

Set netmask of the ethernet port in the back of the AQ-200 series
Netmask 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255
device.

Set gateway of the ethernet port in the back of the AQ-200 series
Gateway 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255
device.

00-00-00-00-00-00...FF-
MAC-Address Indication of MAC address of the AQ-200 series device.
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

1: Switch
Double Ethernet card If the device has a double ethernet option card it is possible to
2: HSR
mode choose its mode.
3: PRP

1: Block all
2: Allow both directions
COM A and Ethernet 3: Allow COM A to option If the device has ethernet option card it is possible to determine the
option card connection card allowed direction of data.
4: Allow option card to
COM A

Double Ethernet link 1: Disable Disables or enables "Double Ethernet Link A down" and "Double
events 2: Enable Ethernet Link B down" logic signals and events.

Virtual Ethernet enables the device to be connected to multiple different networks simultaneously via
one physical Ethernet connection. Virtual Ethernet has its own separate IP address and network
configurations. All Ethernet-based protocol servers listen for client connections on the IP addresses of
both the physical Ethernet and the Virtual Ethernet.

Table. 6.1 - 90. Virtual Ethernet settings.

Name Description

Enable virtual adapter (No / Yes) Enable virtual adapter. Off by default.

IP address Set IP address of the virtual adapter.

Netmask Set netmask of the virtual adapter.

Gateway Set gateway of the virtual adapter.

AQ-200 series devices are always equipped with an RS-485 serial port. In the software it is identified
as "Serial COM1" port.

Table. 6.1 - 91. Serial COM1 settings.

Name Range Description

0: 9600bps
Bitrate 1: 19200bps Bitrate used by RS-485 port.
2: 38400bps

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Name Range Description

Databits 7...8 Databits used by RS-485 port.

0: None
Parity 1: Even Paritybits used by RS-485 port.
2: Odd

Stopbits 1...2 Stopbits used by RS-485 port.

0: None
1: ModbutRTU
2: ModbusIO
Protocol 3: IEC103 Communication protocol used by RS-485 port.
4: SPA
5: DNP3
6: IEC101

AQ-200 series supports communication option card type that has serial fiber ports (Serial COM2) an
RS-232 port (Serial COM3).

Table. 6.1 - 92. Serial COM2 settings.

Name Range Description

0: 9600bps
Bitrate 1: 19200bps Bitrate used by serial fiber channels.
2: 38400bps

Databits 7...8 Databits used by serial fiber channels.

0: None
Parity 1: Even Paritybits used by serial fiber channels.
2: Odd

Stopbits 1...2 Stopbits used by serial fiber channels.

0: None
1: ModbutRTU
2: ModbusIO
Protocol 3: IEC103 Communication protocol used by serial fiber channels.
4: SPA
5: DNP3
6: IEC101

0: Off
Echo Enable or disable echo.
1: On

0: Off
Idle Light Idle light behaviour.
1: On

Table. 6.1 - 93. Serial COM3 settings.

Name Range Description

0: 9600bps
Bitrate 1: 19200bps Bitrate used by RS-232 port.
2: 38400bps

Databits 7...8 Databits used by RS-232 port.

0: None
Parity 1: Even Paritybits used by RS-232 port.
2: Odd

Stopbits 1...2 Stopbits used by RS-232 port.

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Name Range Description

0: None
1: ModbutRTU
2: ModbusIO
Protocol 3: IEC103 Communication protocol used by RS-232 port.
4: SPA
5: DNP3
6: IEC101

6.2 Time synchronization

Time synchronization source can be selected with "Time synchronization" parameter in the "General"
menu.

Table. 6.2 - 94. General time synchronization source settings.

Name Range Description

0: Internal

1: External NTP

Time synchronization source 2: External serial Selection of time synchronization source.

3: IRIG-B

4: PTP

6.2.1 Internal
If no external time synchronization source is available the mode should be set to "internal". This means
that the AQ-200 device clock runs completely on its own. Time can be set to the device with AQtivate
setting tool with Commands → Sync Time command or in the clock view from the HMI. When
using Sync time command AQtivate sets the time to device the connected computer is currently
using. Please note that the clock doesn't run when the device is powered off.

6.2.2 NTP
When enabled, the NTP (Network Time Protocol) service can use external time sources to synchronize
the device's system time. The NTP client service uses an Ethernet connection to connect to the NTP
time server. NTP can be enabled by setting the primary time server and the secondary time server
parameters to the address of the system's NTP time source(s).

Table. 6.2.2 - 95. Server settings.

Name Range Description

Primary time Defines the address of the primary NTP server. Setting this parameter at
0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255
server address "0.0.0.0" means that the server is not in use.

Secondary time Defines the address of the secondary (or backup) NTP server. Setting this
0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255
server address parameter at "0.0.0.0" means that the server is not in use.

Table. 6.2.2 - 96. Client settings.

Name Range Description

Defines the address of the NTP client.

IP address 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255 NO
NOTE
TE:: This address must be different than the general IP address of
the device.

Netmask 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255 Defines the client's netmask.

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Name Range Description

Gateway 0.0.0.0...255.255.255.255 Defines the client's gateway.

MAC 00-00-00-00-00-00...FF-FF-FF-FF-
Displays the MAC address of the client.
address FF-FF

0: Running
Network 1: IP error
Displays the status or possible errors of the NTP (client) settings.
status 2: NM error
3: GW error

Table. 6.2.2 - 97. Status.

Name Range Description

Displays the status of the NTP time synchronization at the moment.

0: No sync
NTP quality for events NO
NOTE
TE:: This indication is not valid if another time synchronization method is
1: Synchronized
used (external serial).

NTP-processed message
0...4294967295 Displays the number of messages processed by the NTP protocol.
count

NO
NOTE!
TE!

A unique IP address must be reserved for the NTP client. The relay's IP address cannot be
used.

Additionally, the time zone of the relay can be set by connecting to the relay and the selecting the time
zone at Commands → Set time zone in AQtivate setting tool.

6.3 Communication protocols

6.3.1 Fast Modbus/TCP

The fast Modbus/TCP is available as a part of the PMU functionality in the AQ-P215 model. The fast
Modbus/TCP is designed to respond quickly to measured data, supporting only 64 configurable holding
registers. Only Function code 3 ("Read holding registers") is supported. Other restrictions are
described below.

Setting up the fast Modbus/TCP protocol

The fast Modbus/TCP protocol is set up at PMU Functions → Fast Modbus/TCP. The unit's fast
Modbus/TCP application is run on a different CPU (the protection CPU) than the ordinary Modbus/TCP
application (the communication CPU); therefore the user needs to configure another unique IP address
and other network settings for this processor. The same physical Ethernet port is still used.

Table. 6.3.1 - 98. Settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Fast Modbus/TCP 0: Disabled 0:

- Enabled and disables the fast Modbus/TCP protocol.
Enable 1: Enabled Disabled

IP port 0...65 535 1 502 Defines the TCP/IP port used by the server.

0: -
Fast Modbus/TCP Reconfigures the fast Modbus/TCP protocol after the Modbus map
1: - 0: -
Reconfigure has been changed.
Reconfigure

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Table. 6.3.1 - 99. CPU settings.

Name Range Default Description

IP address - 10.0.0.1 Defines the IP address of the fast Modbus/TCP interface.

Netmask - 255.255.255.0 Defines the netmask of fast Modbus/TCP interface.

Gateway - 10.0.0.254 Defines the gateway of fast Modbus/TCP interface.

MAC address - 00-01-02-03-04-05 Displays the MAC address of fast Modbus/TCP interface.

0: Running
1: IP error
Network status Indicates the status of the interface.
2: NM error
3: GW error

Please note that changing the Network settings for this interface requires a full system reset to be
performed after the change. This can be done at Monitoring → Device Diagnostics → "System full
reset".

Resctrictions of the fast Modbus/TCP protocol

• Only 64 holding registers (starting from HR8001) can be configured.

• Only Function code 3 ("Read holding registers") is supported. If other functions are required,
a normal Modbus/TCP application can be used.
• Only one client connection for the fast Modbus/TCP is allowed.
• Holding registers <HR26 of the static map cannot be mirrored to the fast Modbus/TCP
registers.
• Every item mapped to the fast Modbus/TCP registers uses 32 bits (= 2 holding registers/
item).

Configuration of the fast Modbus/TCP protocol

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The fast Modbus/TCP application uses the same configuration dialog as the regular Modbus/TCP
application. Holding registers (starting from HR8001) can be configured to the mirror registers of the
static Modbus map. To add configurable holding registers, right-click on the window and click "Add".

6.3.2 IEC 61850

The user can enable the IEC 61850 protocol in device models that support this protocol at
Communication → Protocols → IEC61850. AQ-21x frame units support Edition 1 of IEC 61850.
AQ-25x frame units support both Edition 1 and 2 of IEC 61850. The following services are supported
by IEC 61850 in Arcteq devices:

• Up to six data sets (predefined data sets can be edited with the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate)
• Report Control Blocks (both buffered and unbuffered reporting)
• Control ('Direct operate with normal security’, ’Select before operate with normal
security, ’Direct with enhanced security’ and ’Select before operate with enhanced
sequrity’ control sequences)
• Disturbance recording file transfer
• GOOSE
• Time synchronization

The device's current IEC 61850 setup can be viewed and edited with the IEC61850 tool (Tools →
Communication → IEC 61850).

Settings.
The general setting parameters for the IEC 61850 protocol are visible both in AQtivate and in the local
HMI. The settings are described in the table below.

Table. 6.3.2 - 100. General settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: Disabled 0:
Enable IEC 61850 - Enables and disables the IEC 61850 communication protocol.
1: Enabled Disabled

0: -
Reconfigure IEC 61850 - 0: - Reconfigures IEC 61850 settings.
1: Reconfigure

Defines the IP port used by the IEC 61850 protocol.

IP port 0…65 535 1 102
The standard (and default) port is 102.

The device can be set to allow object control via IEC 61850
0: Remote only from clients that are of category Station level control. This
0:
Control would mean that other Remote control clients would not be
Control Authority switch - Remote
1: Station allowed to control. In Remote control mode all IEC 61850
Control
Level Control clients of both remote and station level category are allowed
to control objects.

0: All
1: COM A Determines which ports use IEC61850. Parameter is visible if
Ethernet port - 0: All
2: Double double ethernet option card is found in the device.
ethernet card

0.1
General deadband 0.1…10.0 % 2% Determines the general data reporting deadband settings.
%

0.1…1000.0 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
Active energy deadband 2 kWh
kWh kWh measurement.

Reactive 0.1…1000.0 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
2 kVar
energy deadband kVar kVar measurement.

0.1…1000.0 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
Active power deadband 2 kW
kW kW measurement.

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Name Range Step Default Description

Reactive 0.1…1000.0 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
2 kVar
power deadband kVar kVar measurement.

Apparent 0.1…1000.0 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
2 kVA
power deadband kVA kVA measurement.

Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this

Power factor deadband 0.01…0.99 0.01 0.05
measurement.

0.01 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this

Frequency deadband 0.01…1.00 Hz 0.1 Hz
Hz measurement.

0.01 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this

Current deadband 0.01…50.00 A 5A
A measurement.

Residual 0.01 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
0.01…50.00 A 0.2 A
current deadband A measurement.

0.01…5000.00 0.01 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
Voltage deadband 200 V
V V measurement.

Residual 0.01…5000.00 0.01 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
200 V
voltage deadband V V measurement.

Angle 0.1 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
0.1…5.0 deg 1 deg
measurement deadband deg measurement.

Determines the integration time of the protocol. If this

Integration time 0…10 000 ms 1 ms 0 ms
parameter is set to "0 ms", no integration time is in use.

0: All
Determines which ports can use GOOSE
1: COM A
GOOSE Ethernet port - 0: All communication. Visible if double ethernet option card is found
2: Double
in the device.
ethernet card

For more information on the IEC 61850 communication protocol support, please refer to the
conformance statement documents (www.arcteq.fi/downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources).

6.3.2.1 GOOSE
Arcteq relays support both GOOSE publisher and GOOSE subscriber. GOOSE subscriber is enabled
with the "GOOSE subscriber enable" parameter at Communication → Protocols → IEC 61850/
GOOSE. The GOOSE inputs are configured using either the local HMI or the AQtivate software.

There are up to 64 GOOSE inputs available for use. Each of the GOOSE inputs also has a
corresponding input quality signal which can also be used in internal logic. The quality is good, when
the input quality status is "low" (that is, when the quality is marked as "0"). The value of the input quality
can switch on as a result of a GOOSE time-out or a configuration error, for example. The status and
quality of the various logical input signals can be viewed at the GOOSE IN status and GOOSE IN
quality tabs at Control → Device I/O → Logical signals.

GOOSE input settings

The table below presents the different settings available for all 64 GOOSE inputs.

These settings can be found from Communication → Protocols → IEC61850.

Table. 6.3.2.1 - 101. GOOSE input settings.

Name Range Description

0: No
In use (Default) Enables and disables the GOOSE input in question.
1: Yes

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Name Range Description

Application ID Defines the application ID that will be matched with the publisher's GOOSE control
0×0…0×3FFF
("AppID") block.

Configuration
Defines the configuration revision that will be matched with the publisher's GOOSE
revision 1…232-1 control block.
("ConfRev")

Data index Defines the data index of the value in the matched published frame. It is the status of the
0…99
("DataIdx") GOOSE input.

0: No
NextIdx is quality (Default) Selects whether or not the next received input is the quality bit of the GOOSE input.
1: Yes

GOOSE input descriptions

Each of the GOOSE inputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in
most of the menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•
• etc.

These settings can be found from Control → Device IO → Logical Signals → GOOSE IN Description.

Table. 6.3.2.1 - 102. GOOSE input user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable 1...31 GOOSE Description of the GOOSE input. This description is used in several menu
description GI x characters IN x types for easier identification.

GOOSE events
GOOSE signals generate events from status changes. The user can select which event messages are
stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both. The events triggered by the function are recorded
with a time stamp and with process data values. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms.

Table. 6.3.2.1 - 103. GOOSE event

Event block name Event name Description

GOOSE1...GOOSE2 GOOSE IN 1...64 ON/OFF Status change of GOOSE input.

GOOSE3...GOOSE4 GOOSE IN 1...64 quality Bad/Good Status change of GOOSE inputs quality.

Setting the publisher

The configuration of the GOOSE publisher is done using the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate (Tools →
Communication → IEC 61850). Refer to AQtivate-200 Instruction manual for more information on how
to set up GOOSE publisher.

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6.3.3 Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU

The device supports both Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU communication. Modbus/TCP uses the
Ethernet connection to communicate with Modbus/TCP clients. Modbus/RTU is a serial protocol that
can be selected for the available serial ports.

The following Modbus function types are supported:

• Read multiple holding registers (function code 3)

• Write single holding register (function code 6)
• Write multiple holding registers (function code 16)
• Read/Write multiple registers (function code 23)

The following data can be accessed using both Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU:

• Device measurements
• Device I/O
• Commands
• Events
• Time

Once the configuration file has been loaded, the user can access the Modbus map of the relay via the
AQtivate software (Tools → Communication → Modbus Map). Please note that holding registers start
from 1. Some masters might begin numbering holding register from 0 instead of 1; this will cause an
offset of 1 between the relay and the master. Modbus map can be edited with Modbus Configurator
(Tools → Communication → Modbus Configurator).

Table. 6.3.3 - 104. Modbus/TCP settings.

Parameter Range Description

Enable Modbus/ 0: Disabled

Enables and disables the Modbus/TCP on the Ethernet port.
TCP 1: Enabled

Defines the IP port used by Modbus/TCP. The standard port (and the default
IP port 0…65 535
setting) is 502.

0: Get oldest event possible (Default)

0: Get oldest available
1: Continue previous
Event read mode 1: Continue with the event idx from previous connection
connection
2: New events only
2: Get only new events from connection time and forward.

Table. 6.3.3 - 105. Modbus/RTU settings.

Parameter Range Description

Slave address 1…247 Defines the Modbus/RTU slave address for the unit.

Reading events
Modbus protocol does not support time-stamped events by standard definition. This means that every
vendor must come up with their own definition how to transfer events from the device to the client. In
AQ-200 series devices events can be read from HR17...HR22 holding registers. HR17 contains the
event-code, HR18...20 contains the time-stamp in UTC, HR21 contains a sequential index and HR22 is
reserved for future expansion. See the Modbus Map for more information. The event-codes and their
meaning can be found from Event list (Tools → Events ang Logs → Event list in setting tool). The event-
code in HR17 is 0 if no new events can be found in the device event-buffer. Every time HR17 is read
from client the event in event-buffer is consumed and on following read operation the next un-read
event information can be found from event registers. HR11…HR16 registers contains a back-up of last
read event. This is because some users want to double-check that no events were lost
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6.3.4 IEC 103

IEC 103 is the shortened form of the international standard IEC 60870-5-103. The AQ-200 series units
are able to run as a secondary (slave) station. The IEC 103 protocol can be selected for the serial ports
that are available in the device. A primary (master) station can then communicate with the
AQ-200 device and receive information by polling from the slave device. The transfer of disturbance
recordings is not supported.

NO
NOTE
TE: Once the configuration file has been loaded, the IEC 103 map of the relay can be found in the
AQtivate software (Tools → IEC 103 map).

The following table presents the setting parameters for the IEC 103 protocol.

Name Range Step Default Description

Slave address 1…254 1 1 Defines the IEC 103 slave address for the unit.

Measurement interval 0…60 000 ms 1 ms 2000 ms Defines the interval for the measurements update.

6.3.5 IEC 101/104

The standards IEC 60870-5-101 and IEC 60870-5-104 are closely related. Both are derived from the
IEC 60870-5 standard. On the physical layer the IEC 101 protocol uses serial communication whereas
the IEC 104 protocol uses Ethernet communication. The IEC 101/104 implementation works as a slave
in the unbalanced mode.

For detailed information please refer to the IEC 101/104 interoperability document (www.arcteq.fi/
downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources → "AQ-200 IEC101 & IEC104 interoperability").

IEC 101 settings

Table. 6.3.5 - 106. IEC 101 settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Common address Defines the common address of the application service data unit
0…65 534 1 1
of ASDU (ASDU) for the IEC 101 communication protocol.

Common address
1…2 1 2 Defines the size of the common address of ASDU.
of ASDU size

Link layer address 0…65 534 1 1 Defines the address for the link layer.

Link layer address

1…2 1 2 Defines the address size of the link layer.
size

Information object
2…3 1 3 Defines the address size of the information object.
address size

Cause of Defines the cause of transmission size.

1…2 1 2
transmission size

IEC 104 settings

Table. 6.3.5 - 107. IEC 104 settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0:
Disabled 0:
IEC 104 enable - Enables and disables the IEC 104 communication protocol.
1: Disabled
Enabled

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Name Range Step Default Description

0…65
IP port 1 2404 Defines the IP port used by the protocol.
535

Common 0…65 Defines the common address of the application service data unit (ASDU) for
1 1
address of ASDU 534 the IEC 104 communication protocol.

Measurement scaling coefficients

The measurement scaling coefficients are available for the following measurements, in addition to the
general measurement scaling coefficient:

Table. 6.3.5 - 108. Measurements with scaling coefficient settings.

Name Range

Active energy

Reactive energy

Active power
0: No scaling
Reactive power 1: 1/10
2: 1/100
Apparent power 3: 1/1000
4: 1/10 000
Power factor 5: 1/100 000
6: 1/1 000 000
Frequency 7: 10
8: 100
Current 9: 1000
10: 10 000
Residual current 11: 100 000
12: 1 000 000
Voltage

Residual voltage

Angle

Deadband settings.
Table. 6.3.5 - 109. Analog change deadband settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

General deadband 0.1…10.0% 0.1% 2% Determines the general data reporting deadband settings.

Active energy deadband 0.1…1000.0kWh 0.1kWh 2kWh

Reactive
0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar
energy deadband

Active power deadband 0.1…1000.0kW 0.1kW 2kW

Reactive
0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar
power deadband
Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
Apparent
0.1…1000.0kVA 0.1kVA 2kVA measurement.
power deadband

Power factor deadband 0.01…0.99 0.01 0.05

Frequency deadband 0.01…1.00Hz 0.01Hz 0.1Hz

Current deadband 0.01…50.00A 0.01A 5A

Residual
0.01…50.00A 0.01A 0.2A
current deadband

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Name Range Step Default Description

Voltage deadband 0.01…5000.00V 0.01V 200V

Residual
0.01…5000.00V 0.01V 200V
voltage deadband

Angle
0.1…5.0deg 0.1deg 1deg
measurement deadband

Determines the integration time of the protocol. If this

Integration time 0…10 000ms 1ms -
parameter is set to "0 ms", no integration time is in use.

6.3.6 SPA
The device can act as a SPA slave. SPA can be selected as the communication protocol for the
RS-485 port (Serial COM1). When the device has a serial option card, the SPA protocol can also be
selected as the communication protocol for the serial fiber (Serial COM2) ports or RS-232 (Serial
COM3) port. Please refer to the chapter "Construction and installation" in the device manual to see the
connections for these modules.

The data transfer rate of SPA is 9600 bps, but it can also be set to 19 200 bps or 38 400 bps. As a
slave the device sends data on demand or by sequenced polling. The available data can be
measurements, circuit breaker states, function starts, function trips, etc. The full SPA signal map can
be found in AQtivate (Tools → SPA map).

The SPA event addresses can be found at Tools → Events and logs → Event list.

Table. 6.3.6 - 110. SPA setting parameters.

Name Range Description

SPA
1...899 SPA slave address.
address

0:
UTC Determines if UTC time is used when synchronizing time. When disabled it is assumed time
Disabled
time synchronization uses local time. If enabled it is assumed that UTC time is used. When UTC time is used
1:
sync the timezone must be set at Commands → Set time zone.
Enabled

NO
NOTE!
TE!

To access SPA map and event list, an .aqs configuration file should be downloaded from the
relay.

6.3.7 DNP3
DNP3 is a protocol standard which is controlled by the DNP Users Group (www.dnp.org). The
implementation of a DNP3 slave is compliant with the DNP3 subset (level) 2, but it also contains some
functionalities of the higher levels. For detailed information please refer to the DNP3 Device Profile
document (www.arcteq.fi/downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources).

Settings
The following table describes the DNP3 setting parameters.

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Table. 6.3.7 - 111. Settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0:
Enables and disables the DNP3 TCP communication protocol when the
Enable Disabled 0:
- Ethernet port is used for DNP3. If a serial port is used, the DNP3 protocol can
DNP3 TCP 1: Disabled
be enabled from Communication → DNP3.
Enabled

0…65
IP port 1 20 000 Defines the IP port used by the protocol.
535

Slave 1…65
1 1 Defines the DNP3 slave address of the unit.
address 519

Master 1…65
1 2 Defines the address for the allowed master.
address 534

Link layer 0…60

1ms 0ms Defines the length of the time-out for the link layer.
time-out 000ms

Link layer
1…20 1 1 Defines the number of retries for the link layer.
retries

Diagnostic -
Error counter 0…232-1 1 - Counts the total number of errors in received and sent messages.

Diagnostic -
Transmitted 0…232-1 1 - Counts the total number of transmitted messages.
messages

Diagnostic -
Received 0…232-1 1 - Counts the total number of received messages.
messages

Default variations
Table. 6.3.7 - 112. Default variations.

Name Range Default Description

0: Var 1
Group 1 variation (BI) 0: Var 1 Selects the variation of the binary signal.
1: Var 2

0: Var 1
Group 2 variation (BI change) 1: Var 2 Selects the variation of the binary signal change.
1: Var 2

0: Var 1
Group 3 variation (DBI) 0: Var 1 Selects the variation of the double point signal.
1: Var 2

0: Var 1
Group 4 variation (DBI change) 1: Var 2 Selects the variation of the double point signal.
1: Var 2

0: Var 1
1: Var 2
Group 20 variation (CNTR) 0: Var 1 Selects the variation of the control signal.
2: Var 5
3: Var 6

0: Var 1
1: Var 2
Group 22 variation (CNTR change) 2: Var 5 Selects the variation of the control signal change.
2: Var 5
3: Var 6

0: Var 1
1: Var 2
Group 30 variation (AI) 2: Var 3 4: Var 5 Selects the variation of the analog signal.
3: Var 4
4: Var 5

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Name Range Default Description

0: Var 1
1: Var 2
2: Var 3
Group 32 variation (AI change) 4: Var 5 Selects the variation of the analog signal change.
3: Var 4
4: Var 5
5: Var 7

Setting the analog change deadbands

Table. 6.3.7 - 113. Analog change deadband settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

General deadband 0.1…10.0% 0.1% 2% Determines the general data reporting deadband settings.

Active energy deadband 0.1…1000.0kWh 0.1kWh 2kWh

Reactive
0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar
energy deadband

Active power deadband 0.1…1000.0kW 0.1kW 2kW

Reactive
0.1…1000.0kVar 0.1kVar 2kVar
power deadband

Apparent
0.1…1000.0kVA 0.1kVA 2kVA
power deadband

Power factor deadband 0.01…0.99 0.01 0.05

Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this
measurement.
Frequency deadband 0.01…1.00Hz 0.01Hz 0.1Hz

Current deadband 0.01…50.00A 0.01A 5A

Residual
0.01…50.00A 0.01A 0.2A
current deadband

Voltage deadband 0.01…5000.00V 0.01V 200V

Residual
0.01…5000.00V 0.01V 200V
voltage deadband

Angle
0.1…5.0deg 0.1deg 1deg
measurement deadband

Determines the integration time of the protocol. If this

Integration time 0…10 000ms 1ms 0ms
parameter is set to "0 ms", no integration time is in use.

6.3.8 Modbus I/O

The Modbus I/O protocol can be selected to communicate on the available serial ports. The Modbus I/
O is actually a Modbus/RTU master implementation that is dedicated to communicating with serial
Modbus/RTU slaves such as RTD input modules. Up to three (3) Modbus/RTU slaves can be
connected to the same bus polled by the Modbus I/O implementation. These are named I/O Module A,
I/O Module B and I/O Module C. Each of the modules can be configured using parameters in the
following two tables.

Table. 6.3.8 - 114. Module settings.

Name Range Description

I/O module X Defines the Modbus unit address for the selected I/O Module (A, B, or C). If this setting
0…247
address is set to "0", the selected module is not in use.

Module x 0: ADAM-4018+
Selects the module type.
type 1: ADAM-4015

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Name Range Description

Channel
Channels in
0…Channel 7 (or Selects the number of channels to be used by the module.
use
None)

Table. 6.3.8 - 115. Channel settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: +/- 20mA
1: 4…20mA
2: Type J Selects the thermocouple or the mA input connected to the I/O module.
Thermocouple 3: Type K 1:
-
type 4: Type T 4…20mA Types J, K, T and E are nickel-alloy thermocouples, while Types R and S
5: Type E are platinum/rhodium-alloy thermocouples.
6: Type R
7: Type S

-101.0…2
Input value 0.1 - Displays the input value of the selected channel.
000.0

0: Invalid
Input status - - Displays the input status of the selected channel.
1: OK

6.4 Analog fault registers

At Communication → General I/O → Analog fault registers the user can set up to twelve (12) channels
to record the measured value when a protection function starts or trips. These values can be read in
two ways: locally from this same menu, or through a communication protocol if one is in use.

The following table presents the setting parameters available for the 12 channels.

Table. 6.4 - 116. Fault register settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Not in use

I>, I>>, I>>>, I>>>> (IL1, IL2,

IL3)
Selects the protection function and its stage to be used as the
Id>, Id>>, Id>>>, Id>>>> (IL1, source for the fault register recording.
Select
IL2, IL3) Not in
record -
use The user can choose between non-directional overcurrent,
source
I0>, I0>>, I0>>>, I0>>>> (I0) directional overcurrent, non-directional earth fault, directional
earth fault, and fault locator functions.
I0d>, I0d>>, I0d>>>, I0d>>>>
(I0)

FLX (Fault locator)

TRIP signal
Select
0: TRIP Selects what triggers the fault register recording: the selected
record START signal -
signal function's TRIP signal, its START signal, or either one.
trigger
START and TRIP signals

Recorded
- 1000 000.00…1 000 Displays the recorded measurement value at the time of the
fault 0.01 -
000.00 selected fault register trigger.
value

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6.5 Real-time measurements to communication

With the Real-time signals to communication menu the user can report measurements to SCADA in a
faster interval. The real measurement update delay depends on the used communication protocol and
equipment used. Up to eight (8) magnitudes can be selected. The recorded value can be either a per-
unit value or a primary value (set by the user).

Measurable values
Function block uses analog current and voltage measurement values. The relay uses these values as
the basis when it calculates the primary and secondary values of currents, voltages, powers,
impedances and other values.

Table. 6.5 - 117. Available measured values.

Signals Description

Currents

Fundamental frequency (RMS) current measurement values of phase currents and

IL1 (ff), IL2 (ff), IL3 (ff), I01 (ff), I02 (ff)
residual currents.

IL1 (TRMS), IL2 (TRMS), IL3 (TRMS),

TRMS current measurement values of phase currents and residual currents.
I01 (TRMS), I02 (TRMS)

IL1, IL2, IL3, I01, I02 & 2nd h., 3rd h., Magnitudes of the phase current components: 2nd harmonic, 3rd harmonic, 4th
th th th th th th
4 h., 5 h., 7 h., 9 h., 11 h., 13 harmonic, 5th harmonic 7th, harmonic 9th, harmonic 11th, harmonic 13th, harmonic
th th th
h., 15 h., 17 h., 19 h. 15th, harmonic 17th, harmonic 19th harmonic current.

I1, I2, I0Z Positive sequence current, negative sequence current and zero sequence current.

I0CalcMag Residual current calculated from phase currents.

IL1Ang, IL2Ang, IL3Ang,

I01Ang, I02Ang, I0CalcAng Angles of each measured current.
I1Ang, I2Ang

Voltages

UL1Mag, UL2Mag, UL3Mag,

UL12Mag, UL23Mag, UL31Mag, Magnitudes of phase voltages, phase-to-phase voltages and residual voltages.
U0Mag, U0CalcMag

U1 Pos.seq V mag, U2 Neg.seq V mag Positive and negative sequence voltages.

UL1Ang, UL2Ang, UL3Ang,

UL12Ang, UL23Ang, UL31Ang, Angles of phase voltages, phase-to-phase voltages and residual voltages.
U0Ang, U0CalcAng

U1 Pos.seq V Ang, U2 Neg.seq V Ang Positive and negative sequence angles.

Powers

S3PH
P3PH Three-phase apparent, active and reactive power.
Q3PH

SL1, SL2, SL3,

PL1, PL2, PL3, Phase apparent, active and reactive powers.
QL1, QL2, QL3

tanfi3PH
tanfiL1
Tan (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers.
tanfiL2
tanfiL3

cosfi3PH
cosfiL1
Cos (φ) of three-phase powers and phase powers.
cosfiL2
cosfiL3

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Signals Description

Impedances and admittances

RL12, RL23, RL31

XL12, XL23, XL31
RL1, RL2, RL3
Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral resistances, reactances and impedances.
XL1, XL2, XL3
Z12, Z23, Z31
ZL1, ZL2, ZL3

Z12Ang, Z23Ang, Z31Ang,

Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral impedance angles.
ZL1Ang, ZL2Ang, ZL3Ang

Rseq, Xseq, Zseq

Positive sequence resistance, reactance and impedance values and angles.
RseqAng, XseqAng, ZseqAng

GL1, GL2, GL3, G0

BL1, BL2, BL3, B0 Conductances, susceptances and admittances.
YL1, YL2, YL3, Y0

YL1angle, YL2angle, YL3angle,

Admittance angles.
Y0angle

Others

System f. Used tracking frequency at the moment.

Ref f1 Reference frequency 1.

Ref f2 Reference frequency 2.

M thermal T Motor thermal temperature.

F thermal T Feeder thermal temperature.

T thermal T Transformer thermal temperature.

RTD meas 1…16 RTD measurement channels 1…16.

Ext RTD meas 1…8 External RTD measurement channels 1…8 (ADAM module).

Settings
Table. 6.5 - 118. Settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

Measurement value 0: Disabled 0: Activates and disables the real-time signals to

-
recorder mode 1: Activated Disabled communication.

Scale current 0: No Selects whether or not values are scaled to

- 0: No
values to primary 1: Yes primary.

0: Currents
1: Voltages
Slot X magnitude 2: Powers 0: Selects the measured magnitude catecory of the
-
selection 3: Impedance (ZRX) and Currents chosen slot.
admittance (YGB)
4: Others

Described in table above Selects the magnituge in the previously selected

Slot X magnitude - -
("Available measured values") category.

Displays the measured value of the selected

magnitude of the selected slot.
-10 000 000.000…10 000
Magnitude X 0.001 -
000.000
The unit depends on the selected magnitude
(either amperes, volts, or per-unit values).

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7 Connections and application examples

7.1 Connections of AQ-P215
Figure. 7.1 - 83. AQ-P215 variant without add-on modules.

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Figure. 7.1 - 84. AQ-P215 variant with digital input and output modules.

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Figure. 7.1 - 85. AQ-P215 application example with function block diagram.

AQ-P215
Device I/O
DI DO CT VT Add-on
1...3 5+1 3 (IL) 4 voltage 3 slots
2 (I0) channels

Measurements
- phase and residual currents
(IL1, IL2, IL3, IL01, IL02)
- phase and residual current angles
- phase and residual voltages
(U1, U2, U3, U12, U23, U31, U0)
- sequence currents and voltages
- frequency (f)
- power P, Q, S, pf
- power directions tan (φ) and cos (φ)
- energy E+, E-, Eq+, Eq-
- voltage and current harmonics (up to 31st)

Monitoring function
DR
Disturbance
recorder

7.2 Application example and its connections

This chapter presents an application example for the power monitoring IED. The example is of power
metering.

Since three line-to-neutral voltages and the zero sequence voltage (U4) are connected, this application
uses the voltage measurement mode "3LN+U0" (see the image below). Additionally, the three phase
currents and the residual current (I01) are also connected.

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Figure. 7.2 - 86. Application example and its connections.

7.3 Two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection

This chapter presents the two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection for any AQ-200 series IED
with a current transformer. The example is for applications with protection CTs for just two phases. The
connection is suitable for both motor and feeder applications.

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Figure. 7.3 - 87. ARON connection.

The ARON input connection can measure the load symmetrically despite the fact that one of the CTs is
missing from the installation. Normally, Phase 2 does not have a current transformer installed as an
external fault is much more likely to appear on Lines 1 or 3.

A fault between Line 2 and the earth cannot be detected when the ARON input connection is used. In
order to detect an earth fault in Phase 2, a cable core CT must be used.

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8 Construction and installation

8.1 Construction
AQ-X215 is a member of the modular and scalable AQ-200 series, and it includes three (3)
configurable and modular add-on card slots. As a standard configuration the device includes the CPU
module (which consists of the CPU, a number of inputs and outputs, and the power supply) as well as
one separate voltage measurement module and one separate current measurement module.

The images below present the modules of both the non-optioned model (AQ-X215-XXXXXXX-AAA
AAA, on
the left) and the fully optioned model (AQ-X215-XXXXXXX-BCD
BCD, on the right).

Figure. 8.1 - 88. Modular construction of AQ-X215.

The modular structure of AQ-X215 allows for scalable solutions for different application requirements.
In non-standard configurations Slots C, E and F accept all available add-on modules, such as digital I/O
modules, integrated arc protection and other special modules. The only difference between the slots
affecting device scalability is that Slots E and F also support communication options.

Start-up scan searches for modules according to their type designation code. If the module content is
not what the device expects, the IED issues a hardware configuration error message. In field upgrades,
therefore, add-on modules must be ordered from Arcteq Relays Ltd. or its representative who can then
provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once
the hardware configuration has been upgraded.

When an I/O module is inserted into the device, the module location affects the naming of the I/O. The
I/O scanning order in the start-up sequence is as follows: the CPU module I/O, Slot C, Slot E, and Slot
F. This means that the digital input channels DI1, DI2 and DI3 as well as the digital output channels
OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, OUT4 and OUT5 are always located in the CPU module. If additional I/O cards
are installed, their location and card type affect the I/O naming.

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The figure below presents the start-up hardware scan order of the device as well as the I/O naming
principles.

Figure. 8.1 - 89. AQ-X215 hardware scanning and I/O naming principles.

1. Scan
The start-up system; detects and self-tests the CPU module, voltages, communication and
the I/O; finds and assigns "DI1", "DI2", "DI3", "OUT1", "OUT2", "OUT3", "OUT4" and "OUT5".
2. Scan
Scans Slot A and finds the four channels of the VT module (fixed for AQ-X215). If the VTM is
not found, the device issues an alarm.
3. Scan
Scans Slot B, which should always remain empty in AQ-X215 devices. If it is not empty, the
device issues an alarm.
4. Scan
Scans Slot C, and moves to the next slot if Slot C is empty. If the scan finds an 8DI module
(that is, a module with eight digital inputs), it reserves the designations "DI4", "DI5", "DI6",
"DI7", "DI8", "DI9", "DI10" and "DI11" to this slot. If the scan finds a DO5 module (that is, a
module with five digital outputs), it reserves the designations "OUT6", "OUT7", "OUT8",
"OUT9" and "OUT10" to this slot. The I/O is then added if the type designation code (e.g. AQ-
P215-PH0AAAA-BBC) matches with the existing modules in the device. If the code and the
modules do not match, the device issues and alarm. An alarm is also issued if the device
expects to find a module here but does not find one.
5. Scan
Scans Slot D and finds the five channels of the CT module (fixed for AQ-X215). If the CTM is
not found, the device issues an alarm.

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6. Scan
Scans Slot E, and moves to the next slot if Slot E is empty. If the scan finds an 8DI module, it
reserves the designations "DI4", "DI5", "DI6", "DI7", "DI8", "DI9", "DI10" and "DI11" to this slot. If
Slot C also has an 8DI module (and therefore has already reserved these designations), the
device reserves the designations "DI12", "DI13", "DI14", "DI15", "DI16", "DI17", "DI18" and
"DI19" to this slot. If the scan finds a 5DO module, it reserves the designations "OUT6",
"OUT7", "OUT8", "OUT9" and "OUT10" to this slot. Again, if Slot C also has a 5DO and has
therefore already reserved these designations, the device reserves the designations
"OUT11", "OUT12", "OUT13", "OUT14" and "OUT15" to this slot. If the scan finds the arc
protection module, it reserves the sensor channels ("S1", "S2", "S3", "S4"), the high-speed
outputs ("HSO1", "HSO2"), and the digital input channel ("ArcBI") to this slot.
7. Scan
A similar operation to Scan 6 (checks which designations have been reserved by modules in
previous slots and numbers the new ones accordingly).

Thus far this chapter has only explained the installation of I/O add-on cards to the option module slots.
This is because all other module types are treated in a same way. For example, when an additional
communication port is installed into the upper port of the communication module, its designation is
Communication port 3 or higher, as Communication ports 1 and 2 already exist in the CPU module
(which is scanned, and thus designated, first). After a communication port is detected, it is added into
the device's communication space and its corresponding settings are enabled.

The fully optioned example case of AQ-X215-XXXXXXX-BCD BCD (the first image pair, on the right) has a
total of 11 digital input channels available: three (DI1…DI3) in the CPU module, and eight (DI4…DI11)
in Slot C. It also has a total of 10 digital output channels available: five (DO1…DO5) in the CPU
module, and five (DO6…DO10) in Slot E. These same principles apply to all non-standard
configurations in the AQ-X215 IED family.

8.2 CPU module

Figure. 8.2 - 90. CPU module.

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Module connectors
Table. 8.2 - 119. Module connector descriptions.

Connector Description

Communication port A, or the RJ-45 port. Used for the setting tool connection and for IEC 61850, Modbus/
COM A
TCP, IEC 104, DNP3 and station bus communications.

Communication port B, or the RS-485 port. Used for the SCADA communications for the following protocols:
COM B Modbus/RTU, Modbus I/O, SPA, DNP3, IEC 101 and IEC 103. The pins have the following designations: Pin 1 =
DATA +, Pin 2 = DATA –, Pin 3 = GND, Pins 4 & 5 = Terminator resistor enabled by shorting.

Model with 3 digital inputs Model with 2 digital inputs

Digital input 1, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V Digital input 1, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V
X1
or 220 V. or 220 V.

Digital input 2, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V

X2 GND for digital input 1.
or 220 V.

Digital input 3, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V Digital input 2, nominal threshold voltage 24 V, 110 V
X3
or 220 V. or 220 V.

X4 Common GND for digital inputs 1, 2 and 3. GND for digital input 2.

X 5:6 Output relay 1, with a normally open (NO) contact.

X 7:8 Output relay 2, with a normally open (NO) contact.

X 9:10 Output relay 3, with a normally open (NO) contact.

X 11:12 Output relay 4, with a normally open (NO) contact.

X 13:14:15 Output relay 5, with a changeover contact.

System fault's output relay, with a changeover contact. Pins 16 and 17 are closed when the unit has a system
X 16:17:18
fault or is powered OFF. Pins 16 and 18 are closed when the unit is powered ON and there is no system fault.

Power supply IN. Either 85…265 VAC/DC (model A; order code "H") or 18…75 DC (model B; order code
X 19:20
"L"). Positiv
ositivee side (+) to P
Pin
in 20.

GND The relay's earthing connector.

By default, the CPU module (combining the CPU, the I/O and the power supply) is included in all
AQ-2xx IEDs to provide two standard communication ports and the relay's basic digital I/O. The
module can be ordered to include 2 or 3 digital inputs.

The current consumption of the digital inputs is 2 mA when activated, while the range of the operating
voltage is 24 V/110 V/220 V depending on the ordered hardware. All digital inputs are scannced in 5
ms program cycles, and their pick-up and release delays as well as their NO/NC selection can be set
with software. The digital output controls are also set by the user with software. By default, the digital
outputs are controlled in 5 ms program cycles. All output contacts are mechanical. The rated voltage
of the NO/NC outputs is 250 VAC/DC.

The auxiliary voltage is defined in the ordering code: the available power supply models available are
A (85…265 VAC/DC) and B (18…75 DC). For further details, please refer to the "Auxiliary voltage"
chapter in the "Technical data" section of this document.

Digital input settings

The settings described in the table below can be found at Control → Device I/O → Digital input
settings in the relay settings.

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Table. 8.2 - 120. Digital input settings.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: NO (Normally
open) Selects whether the status of the digital input is 1 or 0 when the input
DIx Polarity - 0: NO
1: NC (Normally is energized.
closed)

DIx Activation 0.000…1800.000 0.001

0.000 s Defines the delay for the status change from 0 to 1.
delay s s

DIx Drop-off 0.000…1800.000 0.001

0.000 s Defines the delay for the status change from 1 to 0.
time s s

0: Disabled - 0: Selects whether or not a 30-ms deactivation delay is added to

DIx AC mode
1: Enabled Disabled account for alternating current.

Digital input and output descriptions

CPU card digital inputs and outputs can be given a description. The user defined description
are displayed in most of the menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•
• etc.

Table. 8.2 - 121. Digital input and output user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable Description of the digital input. This description is used in several menu
DIx
description DIx 1...31 types for easier identification.
characters
User editable Description of the digital output. This description is used in several menu
OUTx
description OUTx types for easier identification.

Scanning cycle
All digital inputs are scanned in a 5 ms cycle, meaning that the state of an input is updated every 0…5
milliseconds. When an input is used internally in the device (either in setting group change or logic), it
takes additional 0…5 milliseconds to operate. Theoretically, therefore, it takes 0…10 milliseconds to
change the group when a digital input is used for group control or a similar function. In practice,
however, the delay is between 2…8 milliseconds about 95 % of the time. When a digital input is
connected directly to a digital output (T1…Tx), it takes an additional 5 ms round. Therefore, when a
digital input controls a digital output internally, it takes 0…15 milliseconds in theory and 2…13
milliseconds in practice.

Please note that the mechanical delay of the relay is no

nott included in these approximations.

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8.3 Current measurement module

Figure. 8.3 - 91. Module connections with standard and ring lug terminals.

Connector Description

CTM 1-2 Phase current measurement for phase L1 (A).

CTM 3-4 Phase current measurement for phase L2 (B).

CTM 5-6 Phase current measurement for phase L3 (C).

CTM 7-8 Coarse residual current measurement I01.

CTM 9-10 Fine residual current measurement I02.

A basic current measurement module with five channels includes three-phase current measurement
inputs as well as coarse and fine residual current inputs. The CT module is available with either
standard or ring lug connectors.

The current measurement module is connected to the secondary side of conventional current
transformers (CTs). The nominal current for the phase current inputs is 5 A. The input nominal current
can be scaled for secondary currents of 1…10 A. The secondary currents are calibrated to nominal
currents of 1 A and 5 A, which provide ±0.5 % inaccuracy when the range is 0.005…4 × In.

The measurement ranges are as follows:

• Phase currents 25 mA…250 A (RMS)

• Coarse residual current 5 mA…150 A (RMS)
• Fine residual current 1 mA…75 A (RMS)

The characteristics of phase current inputs are as follows:

• The angle measurement inaccuracy is less than ± 0.2 degrees with nominal current.
• The frequency measurement range of the phase current inputs is 6…1800 Hz with standard
hardware.
• The quantization of the measurement signal is applied with 18-bit AD converters, and the
sample rate of the signal is 64 samples/cycle when the system frequency ranges from 6 Hz to
75 Hz.

For further details please refer to the "Current measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of
this document.

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8.4 Voltage measurement module

Figure. 8.4 - 92. Voltage measurement module.

Connector Description

VTM 1-2 Configurable voltage measurement input U1.

VTM 3-4 Configurable voltage measurement input U2.

VTM 5-6 Configurable voltage measurement input U3.

VTM 7-8 Configurable voltage measurement input U4.

A basic voltage measurement module with four channels includes four voltage measurement inputs
that can be configured freely.

The voltage measurement module is connected to the secondary side of conventional

voltage transformers (VTs) or directly to low-voltage systems secured by fuses. The nominal voltage
can be set between 100…400 V. Voltages are calibrated in a range of 0…240 V, which provides ±
0.2 % inaccuracy in the same range.

The voltage input characteristics are as follows:

• The measurement range is 0.5…480.0 V per channel.

• The angle measurement inaccuracy is less than ± 0.5 degrees within the nominal range.
• The frequency measurement range of the voltage inputs is 6…1800 Hz with standard
hardware.
• The quantization of the measurement signal is applied with 18-bit AD converters, and the
sample rate of the signal is 64 samples/cycle when the system frequency ranges from 6 Hz to
75 Hz.

For further details please refer to the "Voltage measurement" chapter in the “Technical data” section of
this document.

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8.5 Digital input module (optional)

Figure. 8.5 - 93. Digital input module (DI8) with eight add-on digital inputs.

Description (x = the number of digital inputs in other modules that preceed this one in the
Connector
configuration)

X1 DIx + 1

X2 DIx + 2

X3 DIx + 3

X4 DIx + 4

X5 Common earthing for the first four digital inputs.

X6 DIx + 5

X7 DIx + 6

X8 DIx + 7

X9 DIx + 8

X 10 Common earthing for the other four digital inputs.

The DI8 module is an add-on module with eight (8) galvanically isolated digital inputs. This module can
be ordered directly to be installed into the device in the factory, or it can be upgraded in the field after
the device's original installation when required. The properties of the inputs in this module are the same
as those of the inputs in the main processor module. The current consumption of the digital inputs is 2
mA when activated, while the range of the operating voltage is from 0…265 VAC/DC. The activation
and release thresholds are set in the software and the resolution is 1 V. All digital inputs are scannced
in 5 ms program cycles, and their pick-up and release delays as well as their NO/NC selection can be
set with software.

For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled
"Construction and installation".

For technical details please refer to the chapter titled "Digital input module" in the "Technical data"
section of this document.

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Setting up the activation and release delays

The settings described in the table below can be found at Control → Device I/O → Digital input
settings in the relay settings.

Table. 8.5 - 122. Digital input settings of DI8 module.

Name Range Step Default Description

0: NO (Normally
DIx open) Selects whether the status of the digital input is 1 or 0 when the input is
- 0: NO
Polarity 1: NC (Normally energized.
closed)

Defines the activation threshold for the digital input.

DIx
Activation 16.0…200.0 V 0.1 V 88 V When "NO" is the selected polarity, the measured voltage exceeding this
threshold setting activates the input. When "NC" is the selected polarity,
the measured voltage exceeding this setting deactivates the input.

Defines the release threshold for the digital input.

DIx
Release 10.0…200.0 V 0.1 V 60V When "NO" is the selected polarity, the measured voltage below this
threshold setting deactivates the input. When "NC" is the selected polarity,
the measured voltage below this setting activates the input.

DIx
0.000…1800.000 0.001
Activation 0.000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 0 to 1.
s s
delay

DIx Drop- 0.000…1800.000 0.001

0.000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 1 to 0.
off time s s

Selects whether or not a 30-ms deactivation delay is added to take the

DIx AC 0: Disabled 0:
- alternating current into account. The "DIx Release threshold" parameter is
Mode 1: Enabled Disabled
hidden and forced to 10 % of the set "DIx Activation threshold" parameter.

DIx Displays the number of times the digital input has changed its status from
Counter 0…232–1 1 0
0 to 1.

DIx Clear 0: -
- 0: - Resets the DIx counter value to zero.
counter 1: Clear

The user can set the activation threshold individually for each digital input. When the activation and
release thresholds have been set properly, they will result in the digital input states to be activated and
released reliably. The selection of the normal state between normally open (NO) and normally closed
(NC) defines whether or not the digital input is considered activated when the digital input channel is
energized.

The diagram below depicts the digital input states when the input channels are energized and de-
energized.

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Figure. 8.5 - 94. Digital input state when energizing and de-energizing the digital input channels.

Digital input descriptions

Option card inputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of
the menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•
• etc.

Table. 8.5 - 123. Digital input user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable 1...31 Description of the digital input. This description is used in several menu
DIx
description DIx characters types for easier identification.

Digital input voltage measurements

Digital input option card channels measure voltage on each channel. The measured voltage can be
seen at Control → Device IO → Digital inputs → Digital input voltages.

Table. 8.5 - 124. Digital input channel voltage measurement.

Name Range Step Description

DIx Voltage now 0.000...275.000 V 0.001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel.

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8.6 Digital output module (optional)

Figure. 8.6 - 95. Digital output module (DO5) with five add-on digital outputs.

Connector Description

X 1–2 OUTx + 1 (1st and 2nd pole NO)

X 3–4 OUTx + 2 (1st and 2nd pole NO)

X 5–6 OUTx + 3 (1st and 2nd pole NO)

X 7–8 OUTx + 4 (1st and 2nd pole NO)

X 9–10 OUTx + 5 (1st and 2nd pole NO)

The DO5 module is an add-on module with five (5) digital outputs. This module can be ordered directly
to be installed into the device in the factory, or it can be upgraded in the field after the device's original
installation when required. The properties of the outputs in this module are the same as those of the
outputs in the main processor module. The user can set the digital output controls with software. All
digital outputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycles, and their contacts are mechanical in type. The
rated voltage of the NO/NC outputs is 250 VAC/DC.

For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled
"Construction and installation".

For technical details please refer to the chapter titled "Digital output module" in the "Technical data"
section of this document.

Digital output descriptions

Option card outputs can be given a description. The user defined description are displayed in most of
the menus:

• logic editor
• matrix
• block settings
•
•

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• etc.

Table. 8.6 - 125. Digital output user description.

Name Range Default Description

User editable 1...31 Description of the digital output. This description is used in several menu
OUTx
description OUTx characters types for easier identification.

8.7 RTD input module (optional)

Figure. 8.7 - 96. RTD input module connectors.

The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports
2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors. The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups,
four channels each. The card supports Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors

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Figure. 8.7 - 97. RTD sensor connection types.

8.8 Serial RS-232 communication module (optional)

Figure. 8.8 - 98. Serial RS-232 module connectors.

Connector Name Description

• Serial-based communications
• Wavelength 660 nm
Serial fiber (GG/
COM E
PP/GP/PG)
• Compatible with 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 100/140 μm, and
200 μm Plastic-Clad Silica (PCS) fiber
• Compatible with ST connectors

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Connector Name Description

COM F –
+24 V input Optional external auxiliary voltage for serial fiber
Pin 1

COM F –
GND Optional external auxiliary voltage for serial fiber
Pin 2

COM F –
- -
Pin 3

COM F –
- -
Pin 4

COM F –
RS-232 RTS Serial based communications
Pin 5

COM F –
RS-232 GND Serial based communications
Pin 6

COM F –
RS-232 TX Serial based communications
Pin 7

COM F –
RS-232 RX Serial based communications
Pin 8

COM F –
- -
Pin 9

COM F – +3.3 V output

Spare power source for external equipment (45 mA)
Pin 10 (spare)

COM F –
Clock sync input Clock synchronization input
Pin 11

COM F –
Clock sync GND Clock synchronization input
Pin 12

The option card includes two serial communication interfaces: COM E is a serial fiber interface with
glass/plastic option, COM F is an RS-232 interface.

8.9 LC or RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional)

Figure. 8.9 - 99. LC and RJ45 100 Mbps Ethernet module connectors.

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Connector Description (LC ports) Description (RJ45)

• Communication port C, 100 MbpsLC fiber

connector. • RJ-45 connectors
COM C: • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode • 10BASE-T and
(glass). 100BASE-TX
• Wavelength 1300 nm.

• Communication port D, 100 Mbps LC fiber

connector. • RJ-45 connectors
COM D: • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode • 10BASE-T and
(glass). 100BASE-TX
• Wavelength 1300 nm.

Both cards support both HSR and PRP protocols.

8.10 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional)

Figure. 8.10 - 100. Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module connectors.

Connector Description

Two-pin connector • IRIG-B input

• Duplex ST connectors
• 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode fiber
• Transmitter wavelength: 1260…1360 nm (nominal: 1310 nm)
ST connectors
• Receiver wavelength: 1100…1600 nm
• 100BASE-FX
• Up to 2 km

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This option cards supports redundant ring configuration and multidrop configurations. Please note that
each ring can only contain AQ-200 series devices, and any third party devices must be connected to a
separate ring.

For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication
module".

The images below present two example configurations: the first displays a ring configuration (note how
the third party devices are connected in a separate ring), while the second displays a multidrop
configuration.

Figure. 8.10 - 101. Example of a ring configuration.

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Figure. 8.10 - 102. Example of a multidrop configuration.

8.11 Double RJ45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module

(optional)
Figure. 8.11 - 103. Double RJ-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module.

Connector Description

Two-pin connector • IRIG-B input

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Connector Description

• Two Ethernet ports

RJ-45 connectors • RJ-45 connectors
• 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX

This option card supports multidrop configurations.

For other redundancy options, please refer to the option card "LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication
module".

Figure. 8.11 - 104. Example of a multidrop configuration.

8.12 Milliampere (mA) I/O module (optional)

Figure. 8.12 - 105. Milliampere (mA) I/O module connections.

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Connector Description

Pin 1 mA OUT 1 + connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 2 mA OUT 1 – connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 3 mA OUT 2 + connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 4 mA OUT 2 – connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 5 mA OUT 3 + connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 6 mA OUT 3 – connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 7 mA OUT 4 + connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 8 mA OUT 4 – connector (0…24 mA)

Pin 9 mA IN 1 + connector (0…33 mA)

Pin 10 mA IN 1 – connector (0…33 mA)

The milliampere (mA) I/O module is an add-on module with four (4) mA outputs and one (1) mA input.
Both the outputs and the input are in two galvanically isolated groups, with one pin for the positive (+)
connector and one pin for the negative (–) connector.

This module can be ordered directly to be installed into the device in the factory, or it can be upgraded
in the field after the device's original installation when required.

The user sets the mA I/O with the mA outputs control function. This can be done at Control → Device
I/O → mA outputs in the relay configuration settings.

8.13 Dimensions and installation

The device can be installed either to a standard 19” rack or to a switchgear panel with cutouts. The
desired installation type is defined in the order code. When installing to a rack, the device takes a
quarter (¼) of the rack's width, meaning that a total of four devices can be installed to the same rack
next to one another.

The figures below describe the device dimensions (first figure), the device installation (second), and the
panel cutout dimensions and device spacing (third).

Figure. 8.13 - 106. Device dimensions.

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Figure. 8.13 - 107. Device installation.

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Figure. 8.13 - 108. Panel cutout dimensions and device spacing.

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9 Technical data
9.1 Hardware

9.1.1 Measurements

9.1.1.1 Current measurement

Table. 9.1.1.1 - 126. Technical data for the current measurement module.

Connections

Three phase current inputs: IL1 (A), IL2 (B), IL3 (C)
Measurement channels/CT
inputs Two residual current inputs: Coarse residual current input I01, Fine residual current input
I02

Phase current inputs (A, B, C)

Sample rate 64 samples per cycle in frequency range 6...75Hz

Rated current IN 5 A (configurable 0.2…20 A)

20 A (continuous)

100 A (for 10 s)
Thermal withstand
500 A (for 1 s)

1250 A (for 0.01 s)

Frequency measurement range From 6…75Hz fundamental, up to the 31st harmonic current

Current measurement range 25 mA…250 A (RMS)

0.005…4.000 × IN < ±0.5 % or < ±15 mA

Current measurement
4…20 × IN < ±0.5 %
inaccuracy
20…50 × IN < ±1.0 %

< ±0.2° (I> 0.1 A)

Angle measurement inaccuracy
< ±1.0° (I≤ 0.1 A)

Burden (50/60 Hz) <0.1 VA

Transient overreach <8 %

Coarse residual current input (I01)

Rated current IN 1 A (configurable 0.1…10 A)

25 A (continuous)

100 A (for 10 s)
Thermal withstand
500 A (for 1 s)

1250 A (for 0.01 s)

Frequency measurement range From 6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31st harmonic current

Current measurement range 5 mA…150 A (RMS)

0.002…10.000 × IN < ±0.5 % or < ±3 mA

Current measurement
inaccuracy
10…150 × IN < ±0.5 %

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< ±0.2° (I> 0.05 A)

Angle measurement inaccuracy
< ±1.0° (I≤ 0.05 A)

Burden (50/60Hz) <0.1 VA

Transient overreach <5 %

Fine residual current input (I02)

Rated current IN 0.2 A (configurable 0.001…10 A)

25 A (continuous)

100 A (for 10 s)
Thermal withstand
500 A (for 1 s)

1250 A (for 0.01 s)

Frequency measurement range From 6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31st harmonic current

Current measurement range 1 mA…75 A (RMS)

0.002…25.000 × IN < ±0.5 % or < ±0.6 mA

Current measurement
inaccuracy
25…375 × IN < ±1.0 %

< ±0.2° (I> 0.01 A)

Angle measurement inaccuracy
< ±1.0° (I≤ 0.01 A)

Burden (50/60Hz) <0.1 VA

Transient overreach <5 %

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact FRONT 4-H-6,35

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 4 mm2

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50/60 Hz.

The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other
frequencies.

9.1.1.2 Voltage measurement

Table. 9.1.1.2 - 127. Technical data for the voltage measurement module.

Connection

Measurement channels/VT inputs 4 independent VT inputs (U1, U2, U3 and U4)

Measurement

Sample rate 64 samples per cycle in frequency range 6...75Hz

Voltage measuring range 0.50…480.00 V (RMS)

1…2 V ±1.5 %

Voltage measurement inaccuracy 2…10 V ±0.5 %

10…480 V ±0.35 %

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±0.2 degrees (15…300 V)

Angle measurement inaccuracy
±1.5 degrees (1…15 V)

Voltage measurement bandwidth (freq.) 7…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31st harmonic voltage

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact PC 5/8-STCL1-7.62

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 6 mm2

Input impedance 24.5…24.6 MΩ

Burden (50/60 Hz) <0.02 VA

Thermal withstand 630 VRMS (continuous)

NO
NOTE!
TE!

Voltage measurement accuracy has been verified with 50/60 Hz.

The amplitude difference is 0.2 % and the angle difference is 0.5 degrees higher at 16.67 Hz and other
frequencies.

9.1.1.3 Power and energy measurement

Table. 9.1.1.3 - 128. Power and energy measurement accuracy

Power measurement P, Q, S Frequency range 6…75 Hz

0.3 % <1.2 × IN or 3 VA secondary

Inaccuracy
1.0 % >1.2 × IN or 3 VA secondary

Energy measurement Frequency range 6…75 Hz

0.5% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) as standard

Energy and power metering inaccuracy
0.2% down to 1A RMS (50/60Hz) option available (see the order code for details)

9.1.1.4 Frequency measurement

Table. 9.1.1.4 - 129. Frequency measurement accuracy.

Frequency measurement performance

Frequency measuring range

6…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31st harmonic current or voltage

Inaccuracy 10 mHz

9.1.2 CPU & Power supply

9.1.2.1 Auxiliary voltage

Table. 9.1.2.1 - 130. Power supply model A

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 85…265 V (AC/DC)

<7W
Power consumption
< 15 W

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Maximum permitted interrupt time < 60 ms with 110 VDC

DC ripple < 15 %

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

Other

Minimum recommended fuse rating MCB C2

Table. 9.1.2.1 - 131. Power supply model B

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 18…72 VDC

<7W
Power consumption
< 15 W

Maximum permitted interrupt time < 90 ms with 24 VDC

DC ripple < 15 %

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

Other

Minimum recommended fuse rating MCB C2

9.1.2.2 CPU communication ports

Table. 9.1.2.2 - 132. Front panel local communication port.

Port

Port media Copper Ethernet RJ-45

Number of ports 1

PC-protocols

Port protocols FTP

Telnet

Features

Data transfer rate 100 MB

System integration Cannot be used for system protocols, only for local programming

Table. 9.1.2.2 - 133. Rear panel system communication port A.

Port

Port media Copper Ethernet RJ-45

Number of ports 1

Features

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IEC 61850

IEC 104

Modbus/TCP
Port protocols
DNP3

FTP

Telnet

Data transfer rate 100 MB

System integration Can be used for system protocols and for local programming

Table. 9.1.2.2 - 134. Rear panel system communication port B.

Port

Port media Copper RS-485

Number of ports 1

Features

Modbus/RTU

IEC 103

Port protocols IEC 101

DNP3

SPA

Data transfer rate 65 580 kB/s

System integration Can be used for system protocols

9.1.2.3 CPU digital inputs

Table. 9.1.2.3 - 135. CPU model-isolated digital inputs, with thresholds defined by order code.

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC)

Nominal voltage Order code defined: 24, 110, 220 V (AC/DC)

Pick-up threshold Order code defined: 19, 90,170 V

Release threshold Order code defined: 14, 65, 132 V

Scanning rate 5 ms

Settings

Pick-up delay Software settable: 0…1800 s

Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off

Current drain 2 mA

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

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9.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs

Table. 9.1.2.4 - 136. Digital outputs (Normally Open)

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC)

Continuous carry 5A

Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A

Make and carry 3 s 15 A

Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms)

at 48 VDC 1A
at 110 VDC 0.4 A
at 220 VDC 0.2 A

Control rate 5 ms

Settings

Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

Table. 9.1.2.4 - 137. Digital outputs (Change-Over)

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC)

Continuous carry 5A

Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A

Make and carry 3 s 15 A

Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms)

at 48 VDC 1A
at 110 VDC 0.4 A
at 220 VDC 0.2 A

Control rate 5 ms

Settings

Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

9.1.3 Option cards

9.1.3.1 Digital input module

Table. 9.1.3.1 - 138. Technical data for the digital input module.

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 5…265 V (AC/DC)

Current drain 2 mA

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Scanning rate 5 ms
Activation/release delay 5...11 ms

Settings

Pick-up threshold Software settable: 16…200 V, setting step 1 V

Release threshold Software settable: 10…200 V, setting step 1 V

Pick-up delay Software settable: 0…1800 s

Drop-off delay Software settable: 0…1800 s

Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

9.1.3.2 Digital output module

Table. 9.1.3.2 - 139. Technical data for the digital output module.

Rated values

Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC)

Continuous carry 5A

Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A

Make and carry 3 s 15 A

Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms)

at 48 VDC 1A
at 110 VDC 0.4 A
at 220 VDC 0.2 A

Control rate 5 ms

Settings

Polarity Software settable: Normally On/Normally Off

Terminal block connection

Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08

Solid or stranded wire

Maximum wire diameter 2.5 mm2

9.1.3.3 Milliampere module (mA out & mA in)

Table. 9.1.3.3 - 140. Technical data for the milliampere module.

Signals

Output magnitudes 4 × mA output signal (DC)

Input magnitudes 1 × mA input signal (DC)

mA input

Range (hardware) 0...33 mA

Range (measurement) 0...24 mA

Inaccuracy ±0.1 mA

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Update cycle 5...10 000 ms, setting step 5 ms

Response time @ 5 ms cycle ~ 15 ms (13...18 ms)

Update cycle time inaccuracy Max. +20 ms above the set cycle

mA input scaling range 0...4000 mA

Output scaling range -1 000 000.0000…1 000 000.0000, setting step 0.0001

mA output

Inaccuracy @ 0...24 mA ±0.01 mA

Response time @ 5 ms cycle [fixed] < 5 ms

mA output scaling range 0...24 mA, setting step 0.001 mA

Source signal scaling range -1 000 000.000…1 000 000.0000, setting step 0.0001

9.1.3.4 RTD input module

Table. 9.1.3.4 - 141. Technical data for the RTD input module.

Channels 1-8

2/3/4-wire RTD

Pt100 or Pt1000

9.1.3.5 RS-232 & serial fiber communication module

Table. 9.1.3.5 - 142. Technical data for the RS-232 & serial fiber communication module.

Ports

RS-232

Serial fiber (GG/PP/GP/PG)

Serial port wavelength

660 nm

Cable type

1 mm plastic fiber

9.1.3.6 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module

Table. 9.1.3.6 - 143. Technical data for the double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module.

Protocols

Protocols HSR and PRP

Ports

Quantity of fiber ports 2

LC fiber connector
Communication port C & D
Wavelength 1300 nm

Fiber cable 50/125 μm or 62.5/125 μm multimode (glass)

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9.1.3.7 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module

Table. 9.1.3.7 - 144. Technical data for the double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module.

General information

Ports ST connectors (2) and IRIG-B connector (1)

Protocols

Protocols IEC61850, DNP/TCP, Modbus/TCP, IEC104 & FTP

ST connectors

Duplex ST connectors

Connector type 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode fiber

100BASE-FX

Transmitter wavelength 1260…1360 nm (nominal: 1310 nm)

Receiver wavelength 1100…1600 nm

Maximum distance 2 km

IRIG-B Connector

Connector type Phoenix Contact MC 1,5/ 2-ST-3,5 BD:1-2

9.1.4 Display
Table. 9.1.4 - 145. Technical data for the HMI LCD display.

Dimensions and resolution

Number of dots/resolution 320 x 160

Size 84.78 × 49.90 mm (3.34 × 1.96 in)

Display

Type of display LCD

Color Monochrome

9.2 Functions

9.2.1 Control functions

9.2.1.1 Setting group selection

Table. 9.2.1.1 - 146. Technical data for the setting group selection function.

Settings and control modes

Setting groups 8 independent, control-prioritized setting groups

Control scale Common for all installed functions which support setting groups

Control mode

Local Any digital signal available in the device

Remote Force change overrule of local controls either from the setting tool, HMI or SCADA

Operation time

Reaction time <5 ms from receiving the control signal

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9.2.2 Monitoring functions

9.2.2.1 Total harmonic distortion

Table. 9.2.2.1 - 147. Technical data for the total harmonic distortion function.

Input signals

Phase current inputs: IL1 (A), IL2 (B), IL3 (C)

Current inputs Residual current channel I01 (Coarse)
Residual current channel I02 (Fine)

Current input magnitudes Current measurement channels (FFT result) up to the 31st harmonic
component.

Pick-up

Power THD
Operating modes
Amplitude THD

Pick-up setting for all comparators 0.10…200.00 % , setting step 0.01 %

±3 % of the set pick-up value > 0.5 × IN setting; 5 mA < 0.5

Inaccuracy
× IN setting.

Time delay

Definite time function operating time setting for all

0.00…1800.00 s, setting step 0.005 s
timers

Inaccuracy:
- Definite time operating time
- Instant operating time, when IM/ISET ratio > 3 ±0.5 % or ±10 ms
Typically <20ms
- Instant operating time, when IM/ISET ratio 1.05 <
Typically <25 ms
IM/ISET < 3

Reset

Reset time Typically <10 ms

Reset ratio 97 %

9.2.2.2 Disturbance recorder

Table. 9.2.2.2 - 148. Technical data for the disturbance recorder function.

Recorded values

Recorder 0…20 channels

analog channels Freely selectable

0…95 channels
Recorder digital
Freely selectable analog and binary signals
channels
5 ms sample rate (FFT)

Performance

Sample rate 8, 16, 32 or 64 samples/cycle

0.000…1800.000 s, setting step 0.001 s

Recording length
The maximum length is determined by the chosen signals.

0…100, 60 MB of shared flash memory reserved

Number of recordings The maximum number of recordings according to the chosen signals and operation time setting
combined

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9.2.2.3 Event logger

Table. 9.2.2.3 - 149. Technical data for the event logger function.

General information

Event history capacity

15 000 events

Event timestamp resolution

1 ms

9.3 Tests and environmental

Electrical environment compatibility

Table. 9.3 - 150. Disturbance tests.

All tests CE-approved and tested according to EN 60255-26

Emissions

Conducted emissions:
150 kHz…30 MHz
EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.2, CISPR 22

Radiated emissions:
30…1 000 MHz
EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.1, CISPR 11

Immunity

Electrostatic discharge (ESD): Air discharge 15 kV

EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-2 Contact discharge 8 kV

Electrical fast transients (EFT):

Power supply input 4 kV, 5/50 ns, 5 kHz
EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-4
Other inputs and outputs 4 kV, 5/50 ns, 5 kHz

Surge: Between wires 2 kV, 1.2/50 µs

EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-5 Between wire and earth 4 kV, 1.2/50 µs

Radiated RF electromagnetic field:

f = 80….1 000 MHz, 10 V/m
EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-3

Conducted RF field:
f = 150 kHz….80 MHz, 10 V (RMS)
EN 60255-26, IEC 61000-4-6

Table. 9.3 - 151. Voltage tests.

Dielectric voltage test

EN 60255-27, IEC 60255-5, EN 60255-1 2 kV (AC), 50 Hz, 1 min

Impulse voltage test

EN 60255-27, IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J

Physical environment compatibility

Table. 9.3 - 152. Mechanical tests.

Vibration test

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2…13.2 Hz, ± 3.5 mm

EN 60255-1, EN 60255-27, IEC 60255-21-1 Class 1
13.2…100 Hz, ± 1.0 g

Shock and bump test

EN 60255-1,EN 60255-27, IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1 20 g, 1 000 bumps/direction.

Table. 9.3 - 153. Environmental tests.

Damp heat (cyclic)

EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-30 Operational: +25…+55 °C, 93…97 % (RH), 12+12h

Dry heat

Storage: +70 °C, 16 h

EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-2
Operational: +55 °C, 16 h

Cold test

Storage: –40 °C, 16 h

EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-1
Operational: –20 °C, 16 h

Table. 9.3 - 154. Environmental conditions.

IP classes

IP54 (front)
Casing protection class
IP21 (rear)

Temperature ranges

Ambient service temperature range –35…+70 °C

Transport and storage temperature range –40…+70 °C

Other

Altitude <2000 m

Overvoltage category III

Pollution degree 2

Casing and package

Table. 9.3 - 155. Dimensions and weight.

Without packaging (net)

Height: 117 mm (4U)

Dimensions Width: 127 mm (¼ rack)
Depth: 174 mm (no cards & connectors)

Weight 1.5 kg

With packaging (gross)

Height: 170 mm
Dimensions Width: 242 mm
Depth: 219 mm

Weight 2 kg

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10 Ordering information

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Accessories

Or
Order
der code Descrip
Description
tion No
Notte Manufact
Manufactur
urer
er

External 6-channel 2 or 3 wires RTD Input module, pre- Requires an external power Advanced Co.
ADAM-4015-CE
configured module Ltd.

ADAM-4018+- External 8-ch Thermocouple mA Input module, pre- Requires an external power Advanced Co.
BE configured module Ltd.

AQX033 Raising frame 87 mm Arcteq Ltd.

AQX070 Raising frame 40 mm Arcteq Ltd.

AQX069 Combiflex frame Arcteq Ltd.

AQX097 Wall mounting bracket Arcteq Ltd.

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11 Contact and reference information

Manufacturer
Arcteq Relays Ltd.

Visiting and postal address

Kvartsikatu 2 A 1

65300 Vaasa, Finland

Contacts

Phone: +358 10 3221 370

Website: arcteq.fi

Technical support: support.arcteq.fi

+358 10 3221 388 (EET 9:00 – 17.00)

E-mail (sales): sales@arcteq.fi

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