Hay dos tiempos verbales en Inglés: pasado y presente

Hay 4 variaciones del tiempo presente:

Present simple I work

Present continuous I am working
Present perfect I have worked
Present perfect continuous I have been working

Podemos usar estas formas:

Para hablar del presente

London is the capital of Britain.
He works at McDonald’s.
He is working at McDonald's.
He has worked there for three months now.
He has been working there for three months now.

Para hablar del futuro

The next train leaves this evening at 17.00.
I'll phone you when I get home.
He is meeting Peter in town this afternoon.
I'll come home as soon as I have finished work.
You will be tired out after you have been working all night.

PRESENT SIMPLE
- El tiempo presente es la forma base del verbo

I work in London.

- Pero con la tercera persona del singular (she/he/it), agregamos una —s

She work​s​ in London.

Utilizamos present simple para hablar de:

- Algo que es verdad en el presente

I'm nineteen years old.
I'm a student.
He lives in London.
 - Algo que sucede regularmente en el presente
I play football every weekend.

- Hechos
The human body contains 206 bones.
Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second.

Solemos utilizar adverbios de frecuencia (adverbs of frequency) como sometimes (a

veces) always (siempre) y never (nunca):

I sometimes go to the cinema.

She never plays football.
I always sing in the shower

PRACTICE

- Complete the answers to the questions about Jack

Recuerda: ​Jack es la tercera persona del singular:​ he (él), ​entonces a

los verbos se le agrega una​ s

1. How old is he?

He is nineteen years old.

2. What does he do?

_____ _____ a student.

3. Which university does he go to?

_____ _____ to London University.

4. Where does he come from?

_____ _____ from Manchester.

5. Where does he live?

_____ ________ in London.

6. What does he think about football?

_____ ________ it!

7. How often does he play?

_____ ________ every weekend.

8. Does he have any brothers or sisters?

Yes. _____ ________ two brothers and a sister.

-Use the correct verbs to complete the paragraph about Angela

watches - likes - goes - goes - gets - stays- works - reads - is -

works

Angela _____ a nurse. She __________ at Liverpool City Hospital. Every morning

she _________to work on the bus. She _________ from nine in the morning until

five in the evening. She usually _________ home at about six o'clock. Most evenings

she _________ at home and

television or _________ a book, but sometimes she _________ out with her friends

to the cinema or to a café. At the weekend she _________ to go for a walk in the

country or to go swimming in the pool near her home.

-Complete with the correct verb

have - beats - lives - speak - has - live - travels - sleep

1. About 375 million people____________ English as their first language.

2. An adult human skeleton ____________ about 200 bones.

3. Giant tortoises____________ for about 150 years.

4. Most spiders____________ eight eyes.

5. Sound___________at about 340 metres per second.

6. The human heart usually____________ about 80 times a minute.

7. On average, cats ____________ about 15 hours every day.

8. The Prime Minister of Great Britain ____________at Number 10, Downing Street,
London.

Present simple questions

Look at these questions:

Do​ you play the piano?

Where ​do​ you live?
Does​ Jack play football?
Where ​does​ he come from?
Do​ Rita and Angela live in Manchester?
Where ​do​ they work?

Utilizamos ​do​ y ​does​ para realizar preguntas con el present simple.

- Utilizamos does para la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) y
- Utilizamos do para el resto.

Utilizamos do y does con question words como ​where​, ​what​ y ​when

Where ​do​ Angela and Rita live?

What ​does​ Angela do?
When ​does​ Rita usually get up?

Pero preguntas con ​who​ no suelen utilizar do y does

Who lives in London?

Who plays football at the weekend?
Who works at Liverpool City Hospital?

PRACTICE

- Complete with Do - Does

1. A: ____ you live in a house or a flat?

B: I live in a flat in London, near my college.
2. A: ____ you live alone?
B: No, I don't. I share the flat with my brother.

3. A: ____ he go to the same college as you?

B: No, he's a bit older than me. He's got a job.

4. A: ____ you work at the weekend?

B: Yes, I work in a café on Saturday and Sunday mornings.

5. A: ____ you have a girlfriend at the moment?

B: I do! Her name's Adele.

6. A: ____ she come from London?

B: No. She's from Scotland but she came here to study.

- Write in the correct order

1. Where/ live?/ do/ you

Where do you live?

2. you/ do/ What time/ start/ work?

_________________________________________

3. do/ from?/ come/ Where/ you

_________________________________________

4. How often/ your/ you/ home town/ visit?

_________________________________________

5. you/ have?/ and sisters/ brothers/ How many/ do

_________________________________________

6. How/ spend/ your/ do/ free time?

_________________________________________

Present simple negatives

Look at these sentences:

I like tennis but I don't like football. (​don't = do not​)

I don't live in London now.
I don't play the piano but I play the guitar.
They don't work at the weekend.
John doesn't live in Manchester. (​doesn't = does not​)
Angela doesn't drive to work. She goes by bus.

- Utilizamos do and does para realizar negaciones con el presente simple.

- Utilizamos doesn’t para la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it)
- Utilizamos don’t para el resto

PRACTICE

- Complete with doesn’t - don’t

1. Tony ____________ play tennis any more. He says he's too old.

2. I_____________ eat meat. Are there any vegetarian restaurants near here?

3. Mark ____________live with his parents anymore. He has his own flat.

4. My brother lives 500 miles away, so we ____________ see each other very often.

5. I'm sure my new boss ____________ like me!

6. I ___________ think you should buy those shoes. They're too expensive.

Present simple and future time

Tambien utilizamos present simple para hablar de:

- algo que tiene lugar en el futuro

The school term starts next week.
The train leaves at 19.45 this evening.
We fly to Paris next week.

- algo en el futuro después de time words como when (cuando), after

(después), before (antes), if (si), unless (si no)

I'll talk to John ​when​ I see him.

You must finish your work ​before​ you go home.
If​ it rains we'll get wet.
He won't come ​unless​ you ask him.

PRACTICE

- Mark with a cross ( ❌) why the present simple is used in

these sentences

1. I do yoga twice a week.

❌
___ True in the present. ​Verdadero en el presente
Happens regularly. ​Sucede regularmente
___ Always true. ​Siempre es verdad (hechos científicos)
___Fixed in the future. ​Previsto para el futuro

2. Our plane leaves at half past seven tomorrow morning.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

3. My parents usually phone me at least once a week.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

4. Swallows fly south in the winter.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future
 5. The school holidays start on 21 June.
___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

6. My brother-in-law works for the tax office.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

7. The sun is just under 150 million kilometres from the Earth.
___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

8. Jack's a medical student.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

9. Tomorrow we go on holiday to Australia.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

10. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

11. I see Brenda in the town quite often.

___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future
 12. My husband doesn't like spicy food.
___True in the present
___Happens regularly
___Always true
___Fixed in the future

PAST SIMPLE

With most verbs, the past tense is formed by adding –ed:

call​ed -​ lik​ed - want​ed - ​work​ed

But there are a lot of irregular past tense forms in English. Here are the most
common irregular verbs in English, with their past tense forms:

Base form Past tense Significado en español

be was/were ser

begin began empezar

break broke romper

bring brought traer

buy bought comprar

build bulit construir

choose chose elegir

come came venir

cost cost costar

cut cut cortar

do did hacer

draw drew dibujar

drink drank beber

drive drove manejar

eat ate comer

feel felt sentir

find found encontrar

get got obtener

give gave dar

go went ir

have had tener

hear heard escuchar

hold held sostener

keep kept mantener

know knew saber

leave left salir

lead led liderar

let let dejar

lie lay yacer

loose lose perder

make made hacer

mean meant significar

meet met conocer

pay paid pagar

put put poner

run ran correr

say said decir

sell sold vender

send sent enviar

 set set establecer

sit sat sentar

speak spoke hablar

spend spent gastar

stand stood estar de pie / tolerar

take took llevar / tomar

teach tought enseñar

tell told contar

think thought pensar

understand understood entender

wear wore vestir

win won ganar

write wrote escribir

Utilizamos el tiempo pasado simple para hablar de:

- algo que pasó una vez en el pasado

I met my best friend in 2012 .
We went to Spain for our holidays.
They got home very late last night.

- algo que pasó más de una vez en el pasado

When I was a boy, I walked a mile to school every day.
We swam a lot while we were on holiday.
They always enjoyed visiting their friends.

- algo que fue verdad durante un tiempo en el pasado

I lived abroad for ten years.
He enjoyed being a student.
She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
 - Solemos utilizar expresiones con ​ago​ en el past simple
I met my best friend a long time ago.

PRACTICE

-Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets()

1. ​The young man_____________ (take) out his wallet and ______________(pay)

the bill.

2. When Lucy _____________ (go) to the interview, she _____________(wear)

her best suit.

3. We ____________ (leave) the motorway and_____________ (drive) for an hour

on quiet country roads.

4. I _____________ (think) I_____________ (know) my irregular verbs, but now I'm

not so sure!

5. As soon as I_________ (meet) Doris, I ____________(know) she

___________(be) someone special.

6. Tolstoy ______________ (write) some great novels, but he never ____________

(win) a Nobel Prize.

7. The nurse ___________ (put) the little boy to bed and ______________(speak)
to him softly.

8. When they ______________(hear) the fire alarm, everybody ____________(run)

out of the building.

9. Last year, the company _____________(build) a new factory,

which______________ (cost) millions of dollars.

10. When Jose _____________ (break) his arm, the doctor ______________(give)
him two weeks off work.

Past simple questions and negatives

 - Utilizamos ​did​ para realizar preguntas con past simple:

Did​ she play tennis when she was younger?

Did​ you live abroad?
When ​did​ you meet your best friend?
Where ​did​ you go for your holidays?

Pero las preguntas con ​who​ no utilizan did:

Who discovered penicillin?

Who wrote Don Quixote?

- Utilizamos ​didn't (did not)​ para negar con el past simple:

They ​didn't go​ to Spain this year.

We ​didn't get ​home until very late last night.
I ​didn't see​ you yesterday.

PRACTICE

- Put in the correct order

1. you / Did / salt? / buy / remember / some / to

2. something / wrong? / I / say / I’m sorry, / did

3. English? / you / start / When / learning / did

4. you / Where / best friend? / did / meet / your

5. you / What / get / did / time / last / home / night?

6. did / your / How / for / you / pay / much / taxi?

7. today / at school / What / happened?

- Write the past simple form of the verbs in brackets ()

- Use the correct word to complete the sentences ⬇

didn’t like - didn’t pay - didn’t open - didn’t leave - didn’t buy - didn’t
feel - didn’t talk- ​didn’t answer

1. Dean ​called​ (call) his mum, but she ​didn’t answer

2. When I __________(be) a young child, I really ____________________

chocolate.

3. I____________ (see) Sonia in the supermarket but we

________________________

4. Chrissie____________(go) home because she ____________________ well.

5. They _________(cut) off our telephone because we

___________________________ our bill.

6. We_________________(arrive) at the airport at six, but our flight

___________________________ until twelve!

7. Alex _____________(spend) all morning in the mall, but in the end

he_________________________ anything.

8. I_________________________ the door until I __________(know) I was safe