Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St.

SCIENCE 9 CONSUMER CHEMISTRY

Go-Go with the Periodic Trends!!!

Most Essential Learning Competency

Describe some properties of the groups in the periodic table and their economic
properties.

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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below
to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of

this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop
and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know

after completing the lessons in the module.

• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure

what learnings and skills did you understand from the
previous lesson.

• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

• Check your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.

• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned

from the entire module.

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LESSON 1. Atomic Size, Metallic and Non-metallic
Properties of an Element
Expectations:
You will investigate the relationships between atomic size and the position of the element in
the periodic table according to group no. and period no. The metallic and non-metallic properties.

Specifically, this module will help you:

 Identify the size of the atom knowing its position along the periodic table;

 Explain how an atom becomes big/small according to its position in the periodic table;

 Classify an element/group of elements according to its metallic /non-metallic properties;

Let us start your journey in learning more on atoms’ atomic size, metallic and
non-metallic properties. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the
Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet
1. Which of the following statements best explains why magnesium atom is bigger than sodium
atom even though it has more electrons than protons?

A) Magnesium has a higher main energy level than sodium.

B) Magnesium has a greater shielding effect than sodium.

C) Magnesium tends to attract electrons more than sodium.

D) Magnesium has a lesser nuclear charge.

2. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

A) Helium b) Neon c) Hydrogen d) Argon

3. Which of the following is the least metallic group of elements?

A) Group 1A elements c) Group 8A elements

B) Group 2A elements d) Group 7A elements

4. Which of the following has a smallest size?

A) An atom with 1 energy level.

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 B) An atom with 7 energy levels

C) An atom with 2 energy levels

D) An atom with 4 energy levels.

5. Which of the following is a more metallic group of elements?

A) Group 1A B) Group 2A c) Group 3A d) Group 4A

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator
to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Visual Thinking Approach.
Direction: Using the Periodic Table below, identify an element given its location according to its
period no. And group number:
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1. __________ Group 1A and Period 3 Suggestion: Identify group number

2. __________ Group 3A and Period 6 on top of the table and period number

3. __________ Halogen Group and Period 2 period number on the left side.

4. __________ Group 5A and Period 5

5. __________ Inert Gas and Period

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The chemical behavior of a particular element depends on its periodic properties such as atomic
size, metallic/non-metallic properties, ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity. Let
us see how each of these properties affects the group of elements in the periodic table.

Atoms are considered as spheres and its radius is in terms of angstroms (1A = 10-10m)

The atomic size depends on the following:

1. The number of main energy levels and energy sublevels that are occupied by the
electrons. The greater the number of energy levels, the larger the size of an atom.

Try to look at the figure 1 below, it shows that ,Lithium(Li) atom has 2 energy levels; Flourine(F)
has 2 energy levels while Aluminum (Al) has 3. Therefore Aluminum atom is the biggest considering
that it has more energy levels than Flourine and Lithium that has only 2.

Figure 1.0

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2. The positive nuclear charge tends to attract the negatively charged electrons towards the
nucleus. The greater the nuclear charge, the smaller is the atomic size.

We know from the previous discussions of the periodic table that in moving across a period, the
atomic number increases. Therefore each successive element has an additional proton in the
nucleus and additional electrons outside the nucleus.

We also know that the elements belongs to the same period have the same main energy level.
Hence, the additional electrons go to the orbitals in the same energy level. Since these orbitals have
the same average radius, the increases nuclear charge has a greater effect than the increase in the
number of electrons. As a result, atomic size decrease across a period.

Look at the figure below, Chlorine and magnesium belongs to the same period, they both have
3 main energy levels, magnesium is bigger than chlorine, nuclear charge took effect in here.

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Note: Smaller is used in describing the size of radius of both Cl and Mg.

Metallic and Non-metallic Property

Metallic property is the ability of the atom to donate an electrons. The lesser the number of
valence electrons and the further the valence electrons from the nucleus, the greater is the metallic
property. Going from top to bottom of the periodic table, there is an increase in metallic property
within the same group and from right to left within the same period.

Non-metallic Property is the ability of the atom to accept an electrons. Therefore, Going from
left to right of the periodic table, there is an increase in the non-metallic property within the same
period and from bottom to top within the same group.

Group 1A from the periodic table are the most metallic elements, while Group 7A are the most
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non-metallic elements. Do not forget to use justify, to distribute evenly your texts

ACTIVITY 1. “YOU ARE SMALL (SEXY…?) AND I AM BIG BUT,

WHO IS MORE METALLIC!!!”

Table 1.0 Radaii and the No. Of Occupied Energy Level

Group 1A Alkali Metals Atomic Radius (nm) Number of occupied Energy
Levels

Li 0-123 2

Na 0.157 3

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 K 0.203 4

Rb 0.216 5

Cesium 0.235 6

Group 7A Halogens identify identify

F 0.072 2

Cl 0.099 3

Br 0.114 4

I 0.133 5

Procedure:
1. In a graphing paper, graph the relationship between the Atomic Radius(X-axis) and

The number of occupied energy levels (Y-axis).

2. Analyze the graph and table 1.0 and to answer the (CTQ) Crictical Thinking Questions.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What is the resulting shape of your graph?

2. Therefore, What can you say about the relationship between the no. Of occupied energy levels
of an atom and its atomic radius?

3. Which is the biggest element in group 1A?,

4. Which is the most metallic element in Group 1A?

5. Which is the smallest element in Group 7A?

6. Which is the most non-metallic element in Group 7A?

7. Therefore, What can you say about the relationship between the size of the atom and its
metallic/non-metallic property?

Note: Avoid the use of /, state if it is or or and.

Avoid abbreviations: instead of no. , it should be number

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REMEMBER
Metallic Property is the ability of the atom to donate electrons. The lesser the number of
valence electrons and the further the valence electrons are from the nucleus, the greater is the
metallic property.

Nuclear Charge is the force of attraction of the nucleus towards electrons. The greater the
number of electrons, the greater is the pull of the nucleus on the electrons.

The metallic behavior and the atomic size of an element increases from top to bottom of the
periodic table. However going from left to right of the periodic table, the elements exhibit a
decreasing metallic behavior and atomic size.

Non-metallic Property is the ability of an atom to accept electrons. The greater is the number
of valence electrons and the nearer the valence electrons from the nucleus, the greater is the
non-metallic property.

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Gold Au Silver Ag Bronze (Cu & Sn)

Gold has an alluring attraction for man throughout the ages, factors might be that gold does not tarnish,
rust or deteriorate in any way, but remains shiny and golden at all times. It keeps its value even when the
economy is taking a dive, it never lost its valueboth economically and culturally.

A major use of silver has been monetary, in the form of reserves of silver bullion and in coins.
There’s a demand for silver for industrial purposes, in photographic industry, digital cameras
supplanted those that used film, for sterling and plated silverware, ornaments, jewelry, coinage,
electronic components, and photovoltaic cells—continued to be important.

The entire economy of the brass industry is dependent on the economic recycling of any surplus
products. There is a wide range of brass materials made for a large variety of applications. To use the
most suitable and low cost feedstock for making components gives the most economic value

Note: Do not copy paste, rephrase the ideas from your source.

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Critical Thinking Questions:
1. Which of the 3 metals is considered as the most precious metal?_________________

2. Which of the 3 metals is good in recycling process?_________________________

3. Which of the 3 metals is considered as the best electrical conductor?___________

4. Which of the 3 metals easily decomposed ?_______________________________

5. Which of the 3 elements does not easily decomposed?______________________

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POST TEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet
1. Which of the following statements best explains why magnesium atom is bigger than sodium
atom even though it has more electrons than protons?

E) Magnesium has a higher main energy level than sodium.

F) Magnesium has a greater shielding effect than sodium.

G) Magnesium tends to attract electrons more than sodium.

H) Magnesium has a lesser nuclear charge.

2. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

B) Helium b) Neon c) Hydrogen d) Argon

3. Which of the following is the least metallic group of elements?

C) Group 1A elements c) Group 8A elements

D) Group 2A elements d) Group 7A elements

4. Which of the following has a smallest size?

A) An atom with 1 energy level.

B) An atom with 7 energy levels

C) An atom with 2 energy levels

D) An atom with 4 energy levels.

5. Which of the following is a most metallic group of elements?

A) Group 1A B) Group 2A c) Group 3A d) Group 4A

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 Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator
to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

LESSON 2. Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and Electronegativity

Expectations:
You will investigate the relationships between ionization energy and atomic number of each
atom of an element.

Specifically, this module will help you:

* Define ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity and relate it to the atomic
number of a particular atom of an element.

* Analyze tabulated data to identify the group of the elements

* Appreciate the value of LOVE & GIVING. “You can GIVE without LOVE, but you

Cannot LOVE without giving”

Let us start your journey in learning more on Ionization Energy, electron

affinity and electronegativity. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer
the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following group of elements are noble gases?

A) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2 c) He 2 , Ne 2 , Ar 2 , Xe 2

B) H 2, O 2, N 2, F 2 d) Ag, Au,Pt, Pd

2. Which of the following group of elements has the lowest ionization energy in the periodic table?

A) He 2 , Ne 2 , Ar 2 , Xe 2 c) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2

B) Na, K, Rb, Cs d) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2

3. Which of the following best describes an ionization energy?

A) Tendency to lose an extra electron in an atom.

B) Tendency to gain an extra electron from another atom.

C) Energy needed to gain an electron

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 D) Energy needed to lose an electron in an atom.

4. Which of the following has the higher ionization energy?

A) Group I elements c) Group V elements

B) Group III elements d) Group VII elements

5. Which of the following has the higher ionization energy? Note: Question in number 5 is

A) An atom with lower atomic number the same with number 4.

B) An atom with higher atomic number

C) metals

D) non-metals

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator
to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Critical Thinking Questions:

Direction: Using the periodic Table above, identify what is being ask in the following questions.
1. Which is a bigger/smaller atom, Na_________________ and Mg_________________

2. Which is more/less metallic atom, Au __________________ and Ag __________________

3. Which is the most metallic element in the periodic table? ________ ___________________

4. Which is smaller/bigger atom, Mg _____________________ and Sc ___________________

5. Which is the Smallest atom in the periodic table?__________________________________

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Ionization Energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom depends on how strongly it is
attracted to the nucleus. Going across a period of the periodic table, there is an increase in the
ionization energy. This is due to the fact that the electron being removed in each case is at the same
level but there is an increasing nuclear charge holding the electron. Going across a group from top
to bottom, the ionization energy decreases.
Electron Affinity is the energy required to gain an electron to form negative ions. It should be
noted that non-metals gains electrons more easily than metals, hence they have the highest electron
affinity. Going from left to right across a period, the electron affinity increases.
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself. The smaller the atom is,
the greater is its ability to attract an electron. Going across the same period, from left to right, the
electronegativity increases. Going across the same group from top to bottom, the
electronegativity decreases. The bigger the atom is, the lesser is its ability to attract electrons.

Note: You will be perform all the activities with a partner. A partner
may also perform all activities so both of you could exchange findings
and ideas through constant collaboration and clear communication.

Activity 1. “GOGO-UP AND GOGO-DOWN”

Look at the graph below, the recurrence of high or low Ionization Energy values in the elements
arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

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 Figure 1.1 Plot of Ionization Energy vs. Atomic Number

PROCEDURE;
1. Copy the Figure 1.1 on a graphing paper.

2. Study the position of each element in the graph.

3. Copy Table 1 in your notebook and fill in the table with your data.

Table 2.0 Data for Activity 1

Elements at the highest Atomic number of Difference in atomic number
points elements at the highest between elements of two
points successive highest points
1
2
3
4
5
Elements at the lowest Atomic number of Difference in atomic number
points elements at the lowest between elements of two
points successive lowest points
1
2
3
4
5

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Critical Thinking Questions:
1. Enumerate the elements at the highest points, what Group do they belong from the periodic table
of elements?

2. Enumerate the elements at the lowest points, what Group do they belong from the periodic
table?

3. Does ionization energy vary regularly with atomic number? Describe the variation.

4. In the periodic table, if you go from left to right what happens to the ionization energy of an
atom/element?

5. If you go from top to bottom of the periodic table, what happens to the ionization energy of an
atom/element?

ACTIVITY 2. “THE PULLING POWER”

Table 3.0 Electronegativity and Electron Affinity Values
of Some Elements
Atomic Elements in Group Electronegativity Electron Affinity( Kmol-1)
Number 1A

3 Li 0.98 60

11 Na 093 53

19 K 0.82 48

37 Rb 0.82 47

55 Cs 0.79 46

Atomic Elements Period 4 Electronegativity Electron Affinity( Kmol-1)

Number

20 Ca 1.00 2.37

22 Ti 1.54 7.6

23 V 1.63 50.6

24 Cr 1.66 64.3

27 Co 1.88 63.7

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Procedure:
1. Copy Table 2 on your notebook.

2. Get your Periodic Table of Elements, Refer to the table2 and look for the location of the given
elements, trace the direction of flow whether the electronegativity values are increasing or
decreasing.

3. Follow procedure 1. but this time trace the direction of flow of the electron affinity values
whether _ increasing order or decreasing one.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What Group from the Periodic table has the lowest electronegativity values? What is the
direction of the flow?

2. Therefore, which is more electronegative, metals or no-metals? Which is less electronegative?

3. What value increases going from left to right of the periodic table?

4. What is the size of the atom(big/small) that has greater electronegativity?

REMEMBER
 Ionization Energy is the energy required/needed to remove an electron from an atom or ion.
Metals tend to lose electron to form +ions

 Electron Affinity is the amount of energy released when an atom gain or attract electron from
another atom to form negative ions. Non-metals tend to gain or accept electrons to form -ions.

 Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to accept/attract electron/s to itself.

 The electron affinity, electronegativity and ionization energy decrease from top to bottom,
while they increase from left to right in the periodic table.

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

A B

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8A 1B 2B

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 F

C D

Periodic Table Analysis

Critical Thinking Questions:
Directions: Given the periodic table above and the hypothetical elements as positioned, answer the
following:

1. The element classified as halogen (Change the word halogen it is not mentioned in the lesson) _______

2. The element with biggest atomic size ________________________________________

3. The most metallic element_________________________________________________

4. The most non-metallic element_____________________________________________

5. The lightest element______________________________________________________

Note: Ask about element with highest or lowest electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity

POST TEST
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following group of elements are noble gases?

C) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2 c) He 2 , Ne 2 , Ar 2 , Xe 2

D) H 2, O 2, N 2, F 2 d) Ag, Au,Pt, Pd

2. Which of the following group of elements has the lowest ionization energy in the periodic table?

C) He 2 , Ne 2 , Ar 2 , Xe 2 c) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2

D) Na, K, Rb, Cs d) F 2, Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2

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3. Which of the following best describes an ionization energy?

E) Tendency to lose an extra electron in an atom.

F) Tendency to gain an extra electron from another atom.

G) Energy needed to gain an electron

H) Energy needed to lose an electron in an atom.

4. Which of the following has the higher ionization energy?

C) Group I elements c) Group V elements

D) Group III elements d) Group VII elements

5. Which of the following has the higher ionization energy? (Change the question)

A) An atom with lower atomic number

B) An atom with higher atomic number

C) Metals

D) Non-metals

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator
to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Directions:
16
1. Prepare a blank periodic table just like the figure above. Be able to draw an arrow along the
periodic table to show the following trends:

A) Atomic size

B) Metallic Property

C) Non-metallic Property

D) Ionization Energy

E) Electro Affinity

F) Electronegativity

Reminders/suggestions
1. Follow the prescribed font & size (use either times new roman, arial or bookman old style,
size 11 or 12.

2. Do not forget to use justify, to distribute evenly your texts

3. Avoid abbreviations

3. Make parallel questions for the posttest, not exactly the same.

4. Provide key to correction on the last page of this SLeM

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REFERENCES:
Science and Technology III Textbook p. 243
Catris, Leticia V., and Salandanan ,Gloria G., Science and Technology p.82

Retrieved from

https://sciencenotes.org/list-of-electronegativity-values-of-the-elements/

https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+of+the+periodic+table&oq=pictures+
of+the+periodic+table&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.8440j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF
-8

https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=pictures+of+economic+p
roperties+of+metals&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidwK3o1pXqAhUPfXAKHT4pARAQsAR6BAgFEAE&b
iw=1366&bih=657

Acknowledgements
Writer: Rebecca M. Casin TIII

Editors: Rosanna N. Nilo HT-VI

Maria Clarissa G. Bergado The image part with relationship ID rId12 was not found in the file.

Reviewers: Rebecca M. Roxas-EPS

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Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim

Schools Division Superintendent

Aida H. Rondilla

Chief Education Supervisor

Lucky S. Carpio

Education Program Supervisor

Lady Hannah C Gillo

Librarian II-LRMS

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