**Biomechanics and Gait:**

1. What is the primary function of biomechanics in the study of human movement?

A) Understanding the chemical reactions in the body

B) Analyzing the physiological responses to exercise

C) Examining the forces and motions of the body during motion

D) Evaluating the impact of emotions on physical activity

Answer: C) Examining the forces and motions of the body during motion

2. Gait analysis primarily focuses on the study of:

A) Running mechanics

B) Walking mechanics

C) Swimming mechanics

D) Jumping mechanics

Answer: B) Walking mechanics

3. Which joint plays a significant role in absorbing shock during the gait cycle?

A) Hip joint

B) Ankle joint

C) Knee joint

D) Elbow joint

Answer: B) Ankle joint

4. The stance phase of gait refers to:

B) The time when one foot is in contact with the ground

C) The time when both feet are in contact with the ground

D) The time when one foot is off the ground

Answer: C) The time when both feet are in contact with the ground

5. During normal gait, which phase accounts for the majority of the gait cycle?

A) Swing phase

B) Initial contact

C) Mid-stance

D) Terminal stance

Answer: C) Mid-stance

**Biomechanics of the Spine and Low Back Pain:**

6. What is the primary function of the intervertebral discs in the spine?

A) To provide stability to the spine

B) To facilitate rotation of the spine

C) To absorb shock and distribute load

D) To connect the vertebrae directly

Answer: C) To absorb shock and distribute load

7. Which of the following is a common cause of low back pain?

A) Strong core muscles

B) Proper lifting techniques

C) Herniated disc
 D) Adequate rest

Answer: C) Herniated disc

8. What is the term for the abnormal forward curvature of the lumbar spine, often leading to low back
pain?

A) Lordosis

B) Scoliosis

C) Kyphosis

D) Osteoporosis

Answer: A) Lordosis

9. Which spinal condition is characterized by the compression of spinal nerve roots in the lumbar region?

A) Sciatica

B) Scoliosis

C) Lordosis

D) Kyphosis

Answer: A) Sciatica

**Knee and Hip Arthroplasty:**

10. Knee arthroplasty is commonly referred to as:

A) Hip replacement

B) Knee replacement

C) Shoulder reconstruction

D) Ankle fusion
 Answer: B) Knee replacement

11. Which of the following materials is often used in hip joint arthroplasty?

A) Titanium

B) Wood

C) Glass

D) Rubber

Answer: A) Titanium

12. What is the primary goal of knee arthroplasty?

A) To improve hip mobility

B) To correct scoliosis

C) To relieve pain and restore knee function

D) To treat shoulder injuries

Answer: C) To relieve pain and restore knee function

13. Hip arthroplasty is commonly used to treat:

A) Tennis elbow

B) Osteoarthritis of the hip

C) Plantar fasciitis

D) Rotator cuff tear

Answer: B) Osteoarthritis of the hip

**Biomechanics of Fracture Healing:**

A) Inflammatory phase

B) Remodeling phase

C) Proliferative phase

D) Repair phase

Answer: A) Inflammatory phase

15. Which type of fracture healing occurs when bone fragments are brought back together with the use
of surgical hardware?

A) Primary bone healing

B) Secondary bone healing

C) Tertiary bone healing

D) Non-union healing

Answer: A) Primary bone healing

**Linear and Angular Kinematics and Kinetics:**

16. Linear kinematics deals with the study of:

A) Forces and torques

B) Angular motion and rotation

C) Motion in straight lines without regard to forces

D) The interaction of muscles with bones

Answer: C) Motion in straight lines without regard to forces

17. Which of the following is a unit of force in the International System of Units (SI)?
 A) Kilogram

B) Newton

C) Meter

D) Joule

Answer: B) Newton

18. Angular kinematics focuses on the study of:

A) Linear motion

B) Force and pressure

C) Motion along curved paths

D) Angular motion and rotation

Answer: D) Angular motion and rotation

19. In biomechanics, the study of the causes of motion is known as:

A) Kinematics

B) Kinetics

C) Dynamics

D) Statics

Answer: B) Kinetics

20. Which law of motion states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon
by an external force?

A) Newton’s First Law

B) Newton’s Second Law

C) Newton’s Third Law

D) Einstein’s Law of Relativity