OCR

IGCSE
CHEMISTRY
Physical Chemistry
Reversible Reactions and Equilibria

Time allowed
16 minutes

QUESTION PAPER

Score Percentage

/14 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
1 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a brown gas.

Dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) is a colourless gas.

The two gases can exist together in dynamic equilibrium according to the equation

2NO2(g) U N2O4(g) ǻH = –58kJ/mol

A mixture of nitrogen dioxide gas and dinitrogen tetraoxide gas is allowed to reach
equilibrium in a sealed container at 20°C. This equilibrium mixture is brown in colour.
(a) The sealed container is immersed in hot water at 60 °C.
As the temperature of the gas mixture increases, the pressure of the gas mixture
also increases.
(i) Predict the effect of the increase in temperature on the position of
equilibrium.
(1)

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(ii) Predict the effect of the increase in pressure on the position of equilibrium.
(1)

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(iii) Suggest why it is difficult to predict which way the equilibrium will shift.
(1)

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 (b) Suggest why the equilibrium mixture is a darker shade of brown at 60 °C than the
equilibrium mixture at 20°C.
(2)

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(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

2 The hydrogen needed for the manufacture of ammonia is made by a process called
steam reforming.
In this process, a mixture of methane and steam is passed over a nickel catalyst.
The equation for the reaction is
CH4(g) + H2O(g) U CO(g) + 3H2(g) ǻH = + 210 kJ/mol
(a) In this part of the question, assume that the reaction reaches a position of equilibrium.
(i) Predict whether a high or low temperature would produce the highest yield of hydrogen.
Give a reason for your choice.
(1)

prediction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

reason .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Predict whether a high or low pressure would produce the highest yield of hydrogen.
Give a reason for your choice.
(1)

prediction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

reason .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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(b) Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.

(2)

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 (c) Some of the carbon monoxide produced is removed in another reaction.
In this reaction, carbon monoxide is mixed with steam and passed over a heated catalyst.
The reaction is reversible and the carbon monoxide is oxidised to carbon dioxide.
(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why the carbon in carbon monoxide is oxidised in this reaction.
(1)

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(iii) The carbon dioxide produced can be removed by passing the gas through a
solution of potassium carbonate, K2CO3
The potassium carbonate reacts with carbon dioxide and water to form
potassium hydrogencarbonate, KHCO3
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
(2)

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(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

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