KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA AHMEDABAD

CANTT

PREPARATION OF UREA FROMALDEHYDE PLASTIC

NAME: Deepesh pal

CLASS: 12TH A
YEAR: 2023-24 ROLL NO.- 28
SUBJECT TEACHER: MR. DEEPAK PANDYA
1.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. INTRODUCTION
4. OBJECTIVE 5. APPARATUS REQUIRED
6. THEORY 7. PROCEDURE 8. VATION
9. RESULT 10. PRECAUTIONS 11.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This is to certify that Deepesh Pal a student of class
12 A has successfully completed her chemistry
investigatory project entitled
Preparation of urea formaldehyde plastic under the
guidance of MR. DEEPAK PANDYA (PGT CHEMISTRY)
during the academic year 2023-24

MR. DEEPAK PANDYA EXTERNAL EXAMINER

(Internal Examiner)

PRINCIPAL
The successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the names of those
people who helped to make it possible. I take this
opportunity to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my chemistry teacher MR. DEEPAK
PANDYA for his valuable support, constant help
and guidance at every stage without which this
project would not have come forth.

I also register my sense of gratitude to my parents

for their immense encouragement and support. I
would also like to thank my friends for encouraging
me during the course of this project.

In the past decade there has been a tremendous

increase in the yields of various crops to meet the
demand of overgrowing population, achieved by using
pesticides and insecticides. Pesticides are classified
according to the pests they control. The four main types of
pesticides are
1. Herbicides: kills or inhibits the growth of weeds.
2. Fungicides: kills or inhibits the growth of fungi
3. Rodenticides: kills or inhibits the growth of rodents.

4. Insecticides: kills or inhibits the growth of insects.

For example, DDT, BHC, zinc phosphide, Mercuric

chloride, dinitrophenol, etc. Most of the pesticides are
non-biodegradable and remain penetrated as such into
plants, fruits and vegetables. From plants they transfer to
animals, birds and human beings who eat these polluted
fruits and vegetables. Inside the body they get
accumulated and cause serious health problems. The
presence of Insecticides residues in even raw samples
have aroused the concern of agricultural administrators,
scientists and health officials all over the world to put a
check over the use of insecticides and to search for non
insecticidal means of pest control.

An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. They

include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs
and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in
agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers.
Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the
increase in agricultural 20th century's productivity. Nearly
all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter
ecosystems; many are toxic to humans; some concentrate
along the food chain.
Insecticides can be classified in two major groups:
systemic insecticides, which have residual or long term
activity; and contact insecticides, which have no residual
activity.
Furthermore, one can distinguish three types of
insecticide. 1. Natural insecticides, such
as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts, made by plants
as defenses against insects. 2. Inorganic insecticides,
which are metals. 3. Organic insecticides, which are
organic chemical compounds, mostly working by contact.

HEALTH EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES AND

PESTICIDES
Effects may be acute or delayed in those who are
exposed. A 2007 review found that "most studies on
nonHodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive
associations with pesticide exposure" and thus concluded
that cosmetic use of pesticides should be
decreased. Strong evidence also exists for other negative
outcomes from insecticide exposure including neurological
problems, birth defects, fetal death and neurodevelopment.
According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and
persistent chemicals are pesticides.
 Acute health problems may occur in workers that handle
insecticides, such as abdominal pain, dizziness,
headaches, nausea, vomiting, as well as skin and eye
problems. Pyrethrins, insecticides commonly used in
common bug killers, can cause a potentially deadly
condition if breathed in.

USE OF INSECTICIDES IN FARMS CAN BE REPLACED

BY THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES
• Crop rotation.
• Polyculture.
• Trap crops, which attract pests away from the valuable crops.
• Reduced use of chemical pesticides.
• Organic farming.  Biological pest control,
• Genetic engineering practices, such as insect breeding
interference.
AIM
To study the presence of insecticides or pesticides
(nitrogen containing) in various fruits and vegetables.

THEORY

Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by

LASSAIGNE’S TEST. The elements present in the
compound are converted from covalent form into the ionic
form by fusing the compound with sodium metal.
Following reaction takes place:
 Na + C + N NaCN

(Sodium cyanide)

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Mortar and pestle, beakers, funnel, glass rod, filter paper
china dish, water bath, tripod stand, fusion tube, knife,
test tube. Samples of various fruits and vegetables,
alcohol, sodium metal, ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate
crystals, distilled water and dil. sulphuric acid.

PROCEDURE

1. Take different types of fruits and vegetables and cut

them into small pieces separately.

2. Take different beakers for each kind of fruits and

vegetables and place the crushed fruits and vegetables
in these beakers and add 100 ml of alcohol to each of
these. Stir well and filter.

3. Collect the filtrate in separate china dishes, Evaporate

the alcohol by heating the china dishes one by one
over a water bath and let the residue dry in the oven.

4. Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it

melts.
5. Then add one of the above residues from the china
dish to this fusion tube and heat it till red hot.

6. Drop the hot fusion tube in a china dish containing

about 10 ml of distilled water.

7. Break the tube and boil the contents of the china dish
for about 5 minutes.

8. Cool and filter the solution. Collect the filtrate.

9. To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous

sulphate solution and warm the contents. Then add 2-
3 drops of ferric chloride solution and acidify with
dilute HCl.

10. If a blue or green ppt. or colouration is obtained it

indicates the presence of nitrogen containing
insecticides. 11. Repeat the test of nitrogen for
residues obtained from other fruits and vegetables and
record the observation.

OBSERVATION

S.No Name of the Test for the Presence of

fruit or presence of insecticide or
vegetable nitrogen pesticide
residues
1. Apple positive yes
 2. Brinjal positive yes
3. Tomato positive yes
4. Potato negative no

5. Capsicum positive yes

RESULT
As observed, most of the fruits and vegetables contain residues of
insecticides and pesticides.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Cut the fruits and vegetables with a sharp knife carefully.

2. Use fresh vegetables and fruits to get quick results
3. Do not overheat the contents
1. NCERT Class 12
2. Comprehensive practical manual
3. www.scribd.com
4. www.docslide.us
5. www.wikipedia.com