Name: Date:

Ethology
1. Which of the following is not a factor that influence foraging behavior?
A. Predators and parasites
B. Genetics
C. Anatomy
D. Learning

2. What is ethology?
A. the scientific study of animal behavior — particularly when that behavior occurs in the context of
an animal’s natural environment.
B. the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
C. the study of biodiversity and its origins
D. the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical
environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world
around
3. them.
A marine biologist conducted a series of time-lapsed photographs that recorded the
schooling behavior of the fish Pagrus major. Food was added to water at two different
locations via a time released mechanism. The data is shown graphically below.

Graphs A and B: Fish behavior before the stimuli was added.

Graphs C and D: After the food was added at two different locations (shown in dark grey
hexagons) of the test area.

A. Short-term habituation.
B. Collective cognition.
C. Operant conditioning.
D. Redirected behavior.
Ethology

4. What are the two different types of foraging?

A. Overt and Cognitive
B. Classical and Operant
C. Solitary and Group
D. Innate and Learned

5. In a particular bird species, all individuals attempt to breed independently at the

beginning of each breeding season. However, some individuals fail to breed and end up
becoming “helpers” for other breeders by helping them raise their offspring. You
hypothesize that this “helper” behavior evolved due to kin selection. All of the following
observations would support your hypothesis EXCEPT:

A. This bird species exhibits a monogamous system of mating.

B. Offspring survival rate for a given nest increases as the number of helpers raising the chicks in
that nest increases.
C. Birds can distinguish between the calls of its relatives and those of other individuals.
D. Female birds who become helpers gain the ability to lay some of their own eggs in the nest at
which they are helping.
6. What is Innate behavior?
A. inborn behavior and do not require learning or prior experience to be performed.
B. behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment.
C. animals communicate by sending and receiving signals.
D. involuntary behavior with a stimulus

7. Which of the following is an example of a negative punishment in operant conditioning?

A. A lion being taught to jump through a flaming hoop is given a painful electric shock for each failed
jump attempt.
B. A mother temporarily takes away her child’s favorite gaming console each time her child receives
a failing grade in school.
C. A prairie dog bites its offspring each time they make a sound loud enough for a predator to hear.
D. A blue jay vomits after ingesting the poisonous monarch butterfly, learning to avoid butterflies with
bright, orange coloration.
8. Which of the following are not functions of pheromones?
A. for finding mates for sex
B. produced by mother rabbits that prompts suckling by their pups
C. ant's queen signals affecting worker reproduction
D. regulation of plant's growth
Ethology

9. Flatworms respond to an electric shock by contracting their body muscles. If the worms
are exposed to 50 or 100 electric shocks and a beam of light as the same time, the worms
will learn to contract immediately upon presentation of the light bean even if no shock is
present. This is an example of:

A. Classical conditioning
B. Cultural learning
C. Habituation
D. Imprinting

10. If mice are kept in a cage for several weeks and replaced by another set of mice, the
new mice become temporarily sterile and gain weight. What type of communication is
involved?

A. Hormones
B. Litter composition
C. Pheromones
D. Releasers

11. Certain species of dung beetles dig burrows under piles of dung and take the dung into
the burrows to fee their larvae. When a female dung beetle finishes digging and stops to
bring up soil from the underground burrow, the male seizes a piece of dung with his front
legs and bears down into the burrow. When the tip of abdomen strikes the females’ head,
he drops his load and returns to the surface for more. In this case, the striking of the
female’s head by the male’s abdomen is most like an example of a(n):

A. Kinesis
B. Sexual selection
C. Sign stimulus
D. Supernormal stimulus

12. A female guppy has a choice of three mates: (1) an unpaired, dull-colored guppy; (2) an
unpaired, brightly-colored guppy; (3) a paired, dull-colored guppy. Which of the mates
would the guppy prefer?

A. Mate 1, because its dull coloration confers on it a selective advantage against predation.
B. Mate 2, because its bright coloration indicates robust health and ready access to nutrition.
C. Mate 2, because its bright coloration reflects increased genetic variation.
D. Mate 3, because its current courtship will induce mate choice copying.
Ethology

13. What are circadian rhythms?

A. organisms’ natural timing devices composed of specific molecules (proteins) that interact with
cells throughout the body.
B. a group of about 20,000 nerve cells (neurons) that coordinates all the biological clocks in a living
thing.
C. physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle.

14. Which of the following factors cannot change circadian rhythms?

A. Mutations or changes in certain genes
B. Jet lag or shift work
C. Light from electronic devices at night
D. Communication

15. When male mice reach sexual maturity, they avoid mating with close relatives. What
causes this to happen?

A. Imprinting
B. Sensitization
C. Habituation
D. The Conditioned Response (CR)

16. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov found that placing meat powder in a dog's mouth
would cause it to salivate. What type of learned behavior is this?

A. Habituation
B. Sensitization
C. Imprinting
D. The Conditioned Response (CR)

17. A larger bird being harassed by one or more smaller birds. For instance, a group of
small birds attacking Turkey Vultures, even though they are a bird that would not prey on
eggs or chicks. What type of behavior is shown?

A. Instrumental conditioning
B. Mobbing
C. Imprinting
D. Habituation
Ethology

18. What is a biorhythm?

A. organisms’ natural timing devices composed of specific molecules (proteins) that interact with
cells throughout the body.
B. a group of about 20,000 nerve cells (neurons) that coordinates all the biological clocks in a living
thing.
C. a biological cycle that every human is thought to experience.
D. physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle.

19. Why do sunflowers grow following the sun?

A. genes that respond to light and the plant's circadian rhythm
B. warmer temperatures
C. more biomass in the plants
D. pollinators

20. Which of the following is NOT a type of animal behavior?

A. Instinctive behavior
B. Learned behavior
C. Social behavior
D. Economic behavior

21. Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?

A. A bird building a nest
B. A dog learning to fetch a ball
C. A lion hunting for food
D. A monkey grooming its fur

22. What type of behavior is influenced by an animal's environment and experiences?

A. Instinctive behavior
B. Learned behavior
C. Social behavior
D. Economic behavior

23. Which is not true about classical conditioning?

A. An enviromental stimulus is followed predictably by some other occurrence
B. The animal learns a new behaviour to obtain a reward
C. After repeated pairing of the conditioned stimulus with an enviromental event, that event becomes
a conditioned stimulus evoking the unconditioned response
D. It allows animals to predict events, but it gives them virtually no influence over the actual timing,
quality or duration of the following events
Ethology

24. What are the ethological needs?

A. Behavioural traits that are performed by farm animals in relation with training and learning
B. A strategy that on average confers the largest benefit to the individuals of a population
C. natural behaviours that are needed to be performed
D. behavioural answers to several enviromental stressors

25. Which is not true about sleeping?

A. Sleeping has two phases - rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
B. Each sleep cycle consists of ten REM and NREM phases
C. The length of the sleep cycle is short on farm animals and usually in prey animal species
D. Younger animals tend to sleep more

26. What is true about operant conditioning?

A. an environmental stimulus is followed predictably by some other occurrence
B. the animals are able to predict what happens next and have some control over the timing and
delivery of its own reward
C. after repeated pairing of the unconditional stimulus with an environmental event, that event
becomes a conditioned stimulus evok unconditioned response
D. it allows animals to predict events, but it gives them virtually no influence over the actual timing,
quality or duration of the following....
27. Which bedding is preferred by the cows?
A. rubber mat
B. sawdust
C. sandbag
D. any type of soft and dry material

28. Which of the following behavioural traits of the cows does not belong the most typical
innate ones?

A. grazing
B. resting
C. rumination
D. nest building
Ethology

29. What does desensitization mean?

A. reducing the existing sensitivity by the constant presence of a mild stimulus
B. rewarding wanted behaviour
C. calming
D. increasing the sensitivity

30. Abnormal behavior of poultry

A. aggressive behaviour
B. cannibalism
C. litter-eating
D. all of three