T/S.I.

Sheriff

English Pronunciation Work Class Paper

By T/S.I.Sheriff

The main aim of this work class paper is to help you, the student, to
pronounce English better than you do now. Many students learning English
as a second language might face issues in English Pronunciation more than
any other skills; therefore, this book was designed and prepared to teach you
the basics and the standards of having a clear and correct pronunciation of
the English letters, words and sentences. The book is designed to be affective
for students who are wishing to develop their skills at pronunciation and gain
almost a native tongue. The book is supported with examples, explanations,
audios, activities in both standard accents of English which are the American
and the British. The book is also supported with pictures and vocabularies in
both accents to make you differentiate if the word belongs to the American
accent or the British accent.

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The Consonant Sounds

Consonant Definition:
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated
with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are [p],
pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k],
pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f] and
[s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and [m]
and [n], which have air flowing through the nose (nasals). Contrasting with
consonants are vowels.

/b/ bee, banana,

boat__________,_____________,_______________,_____________,_____
/k/ cat, car,
coat,_________,_____________,_______________,__ ___________,______
/d/ dancing, doctor,
deer_________,_____________,______________,______________,______
/f/ fat, fan,
Fun__________,_____________,_____________,_______________,______
/g/ game, gun,
ghost_________,____________,_____________,_______________,______
/h/ hello, hen,
hut____________,________________,____________,__ _____________,__
/l/ lamb, lemon,
lose____________,_______________,_______________,_______________
/m/ monkey, moon,
mouse____________,______________,______________,__________,____
/n/ noon, nurse,
now,_____________,_______________,_______________,____________,
/p/ people, place,
pants,_________,___________,______________,_______________,______
/r/ rat, rice,
rest,___________,___________,______________ __,_______________,___
/s/ sweets, sun,
sell,___________,______________,______________ _,_______________,_

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/t/ tiger, tall,

ten,__________,_______________,________________,________________,
/v/ van, vice,
vehicle,__________,_____________,_____________ _,_______________,__
/w/ window,
wonder__________,______________,_____________,_______________,__
/z/ zoo, zip,
zealous,__________,_____________,______________,______________,__
/j/ Yemen, yet,
yellow,_________,______________,________________,______________
/ʃ/ shake, shelf,
shy_____________,______________,________________ ,______________
/θ/ thumb,
thirsty,_________,______________,_______________,_____________,___
/ʒ/ confusion,
version,___________,_______________,_________________,__________
/ŋ/ ring, king,
sing____________,_______________,________________,_____________,
/ð/ mother,
father__________,_______________,______________,________________,
/tʃ/ chips,
chock,___________,_____________,________________ ,______________,
/dʒ/ jungle,
juice____________,_____________,_________________ ,_____________,_
/ŋk/ think,
sink,___________,_______________,________________ ,______________,

Look at the chart below and learn how to pronounce every consonant along
with the writing of the symbols.

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Exercise 3
Write the symbol of the consonant sound in red that belong to each word,
then check with your classmates.

Pen / en/ shake / eik/ cat / æt/ jungle/ ʌŋil/

Pleasure /ple r/ chips / ips/ zoo / u:/ lung /lʌ /
That / æt/ drink /dri / thick / ik/ young /jʌ /
Creature /cri: r/ dog / ɑg/ fan / æ / monkey /mʌ i/
Die / ai/ think / i k/ chin / in/ pie / ai/
Vine / ain/

The Vowel Sounds

The definition of a vowel sound
A vowel sound is a sound which could form a syllable and is produced without
an audible friction as the consonants. The vowels are all voiced sounds and
they are differentiated by the shape of the lips and the position of the tongue.
Vowel sounds are of three main categories which are the long vowels, the
short vowels and the diphthong vowels.

Long Vowels
These vowels are mainly six vowels which are [i: , æ , a: , ɔ: , ʊ: , 3: ]. Every
symbol of these six vowel sounds is pronounced differently, and English
Language students must learn how to differentiate between them as well as
pronounce them correctly. Any Vowel symbol with the [:] is a bit longer sound
than those without the [:]. Every long vowel of these six vowels have a
counterpart which is a short vowel. For example, the /i:/ vowel has a
counterpart vowel which is the /ɪ/ vowel, which has the same pronunciation,
but is pronounced shorter. Pronounce the word ''sheep'' and the word ''ship''
you will find that the two vowel sounds in both words are typically the same,
but in ''sheep'' the vowel sound is longer than the vowel sound in the word
''ship''

Short vowels
Short vowels are also six vowel sounds which are typically the counterparts of
the long vowels. They are pronounced the same as the long vowels, but the
air flow must be shorter than the long vowels. Every short vowel has a long
version vowel and every long vowel has a short version vowel. Therefore, if
you could pronounce the long vowel correctly, you will be able to pronounce
the short correctly, and the opposite is true. The short vowels are

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[ ɪ, e, ʌ, ɔ, ʊ, ə]. If we put all the long vowels and the short vowels in couple,
they would be like [i:, ɪ] [æ, e] [a:, ʌ] [ɔ:, ɔ] [ʊ:, ʊ] [3:, ə]

The /i:/ vowel sound

In this lesson, we will talk about
the /i:/ vowel sound as in words
like [be, each, see, key, ski].
The /i:/ is the third most
frequently used vowel sound in
American English, so
pronouncing it correctly in
important for your American
accent. The [ee] sound could be represented in phonology as /i:/ or /i/. both
phonological symbols represent the same [ee] sound. To make the /i:/ sound,
you should pay attention to the position of your lips, tongue and jaw. Open
your mouth little, then stretch your lips as wide as you can and make them
tense. After that, raise your tongue very high and push it to the front of your
mouth and say [eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee]
Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks
GA BBC
1_______________________ /bi:d/
2_______________________ /bi:m/
3_______________________ /bi:n/
4_______________________ /bi:t/
5_______________________ /tʃi:p/
6_______________________ /tʃi:z/
7_______________________ /kli:n/
8_______________________ /kri:m/
9_______________________ /i:tʃ/
10______________________ /i:v/
11______________________ /fi:l/
12______________________ /fi:t/
13______________________ /fli:/
14______________________ /fri:/
15______________________ /mi:l/
16______________________ /mi:t/
17______________________ /pi:k/
18______________________ /pi:pl/
19______________________ /pi:s/
20______________________ /pli:z/
Practice these words with your teacher

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Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /i:/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /ɪ/ sound

In this lesson, we are going to
talk about the short vowel
sound /ɪ/ as in the words [ it,
big, gym, English, image].
The /ɪ/ is the second most
frequently used sound in the
American English, but exists
in less than 20% of world's
languages. The /ɪ/ is the short version of the long /i:/ vowel.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks
GA BBC
1____________________ /bɪg/
2____________________ /bɪt/
3____________________ /tʃɪn/
4____________________ /tʃɪp/
5____________________ /klɪk/
6____________________ /klɪp/
7____________________ /drɪŋk/
8__________________ /drɪp/
9__________________ /fɪlm/
10_________________ /fɪʃ/
11_________________ /fɪt/
12_________________ /fɪks/
13_________________ /hɪd/

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14_________________ /hɪm/
15_________________ /hɪnt/
16_________________ /hɪt/
17_________________ /kɪk/
18_________________ /kɪd/
19_________________ /kɪŋ/
20_________________ /kɪs/

Practice these words with your teacher

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / ɪ/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

Exercise 5
Read this group of words and in pairs decide which one is the long /i:/ and
which one is the short /ɪ/

Fit feet pin been leak sick till

eel ill ship sheep fill feel

clean sin seen is jeep will

The /æ/ vowel

In this lesson, we are
going to talk about the
American vowel /æ/ as
in words like [cat, hat,
man, sat]. The /æ/ vowel
is an English vowel that
many other languages
do not have this sound.
Therefore, non-native
speakers distort it. The /æ/ is a long front vowel.

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Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1____________________ /æbstrækt/
2____________________ /ækt/
3____________________ /æd/
4____________________ /ælps/
5____________________ /æm/
6____________________ /æn/
7____________________ /ænd/
8____________________ /æŋgl/
9____________________ /æŋkl/
10___________________ /ænt/
11___________________ /æpl/
12___________________ /æs/
13___________________ /æʃ/
14___________________ /æsk/ /a:sk/
15___________________ /æsks/
16___________________ /æt/
17___________________ /bæbl/
18___________________ /bæk/
19___________________ /bækt/
20___________________ /bækpæk/

Practice these words with your teacher

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / æ / sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

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Exercise 2
Read this tongue twister with the /æ/ vowel and practice saying it with your
classmate.
''A fat black cat in a hat had a nap''

The /e/ sound

In this lesson we are going
to talk about the American
vowel /e/ as in words like
[bed, get, head, many,
friend] The /e/ sound could
be written as /e/ or
sometimes represented as
/ɛ/. However, both symbols
represent the same vowel.
Read these two words and
tell the difference [bed/bad] are they the same or not?

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks
GA BBC
1__________________ /bed/
2__________________ /beg/
3__________________ /bel/
4__________________ /belt/
5__________________ /bentʃ/
6__________________ /bend/
7__________________ /bent/
8__________________ /best/
9__________________ /bet/
10_________________ /blend/
11_________________ /bles/
12_________________ /bred/
13_________________ /bredθ/
14_________________ /brest/
15_________________ /breθ/
16_________________ /sel/
17_________________ /sent/
18_________________ /tʃek/
19_________________ /ʃef/
20________________ /tʃest/

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Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / e/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /a:/ sound

In this lesson we are going
to talk about the English
vowel /a:/ as in words like
[after, last, dance, ask]. It is
a vowel sound, and its
technical name is the
''Open Back Unrounded
Vowel''. To pronounce this
vowel correct, your tongue
must be low and goes to the back of your mouth. Your lips must be relaxed
and not rounded. All vowels are voiced sounds, so you must vibrate your
vocal cords when pronouncing this vowel. The [:] in the picture refers that the
/a:/ vowel is a long vowel.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1________________ /sta:rt/ /sta:t/
2________________ /pa:rt/ /pa:t/
3________________ /la:rdʒ/ /la:dʒ/
4________________ /pa:rti:/ /pa:ti:/
5________________ /a:rt/ /a:t/
6________________ /a:rm/ /a:m/
7________________ /ænsɚ/ /a:nsə/
8________________ /a:rgjʊ:/ /a:gjʊ:/
9________________ /fa:ðɚ/ /fa:ðə/
10_______________ /ma:rket/ /ma:ket/

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11_______________ /klæs/ /kla:s/

12_______________ /ha:rd/ /ha:d/
13_______________ /fa:r/ /fa:/
14_______________ /ka:r/ /ka:/
15_______________ /sta:r/ /sta:/
16_______________ /ba:r/ /ba:/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / a:/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________

The /ʌ/ vowel

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
American vowel sound
/ʌ/ as in words like [us,
but, come, young,
flood]. The
/ʌ/ vowel exists only in
5% of the world's
languages, that is why
non-native speakers of the English distort this vowel or replace it with more
familiar vowels. The /ʌ/ vowel is the short version of the /a:/ vowel which we
talked about in the previous lesson. The /ʌ/ vowel has the same sound and
place of pronunciation as the /a:/ sound, the only difference is that the /a:/ is a
long vowel, but the /ʌ/ is a short vowel.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1______________________ /blʌd/
2______________________ /blʌʃ/
3______________________ /brʌʃ/
4______________________ /bʌbl/

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5______________________ /bʌkl/
6______________________ /bʌd/
7______________________ /bʌg/
8______________________ /bʌlb/
9______________________ /bʌlk/
10_____________________ /bʌm/
11_____________________ /bʌmp/
12_____________________ /bʌn/
13_____________________ /bʌntʃ/
14_____________________ /bʌndl/
15_____________________ /bʌŋgl/
16____________________ /bʌs/
17____________________ /bʌt/
18____________________ /bʌt/
19____________________ /bʌʔn/
20____________________ /bʌz/

Exercise 5
Read this group of words and in pairs decide which one is the long /a:/ and
which one is the short / ʌ/

Hut heart curt cut part

Sun son dark duck dance

Laugh luck lark hug harm

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / ʌ/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________

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The /ɔ:/ sound

In this lesson we are going to talk
about the English vowel /ɔ:/ as in
words like [all, wall, tall, short].
The /ɔ:/ vowel is a long vowel. Its
name is the ''Open Mid-Back
Rounded Vowel''. This vowel is
originally British vowel. However,
in the American English, this
vowel is pronounced as /ɔr/, which
means that that deleted the [:] and
replaced it with the /r/ sound. To
pronounce this vowel correctly,
slightly open your lips and make them as a circle. Then, lower your front part
of your tongue as you push the back of your tongue to the back of your
mouth. [ooooooo]

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1________________________ /fɔr/ /fɔ:/
2________________________ /mɔr/ /mɔ:/
3________________________ /ɔ:lsoʊ/ /ɔ:lsəʊ/
5________________________ /ta:k/ /tɔ:k/
6________________________ /ɔ:lmoʊst/ /ɔ:lməʊst/
7________________________ /ɔ:lðoʊ/ /ɔ:lðəʊ/
8________________________ /ɔ:lredi:/
9________________________ /ɔ:rgənaɪzeɪʃən/
10______________________ /kɔ:l/
11______________________ /wʌt̬ ɚ/ /wɔ:tə/
12______________________ /ɪmpɔrt̬ ənt/ /ɪmpɔ:tənt/
13______________________ /smɔ:l/
14______________________ /dɔr/ /dɔ:/
15______________________ /ʃɔr/ /ʃɔ:/
16______________________ /wɔr/ /wɔ:/
17______________________ /fɔr/ /fɔ:/
Practice saying these words with your classmate.

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / ɔ:/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________

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3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /ɔ/ sound

In this lesson we are going
to talk about the English
vowel /ɔ/ as in words like [
on, pot, caught, lot]. The
/ɔ/ sound is short and it is
the counterpart of the /ɔ:/
long vowel. The /ɔ/ doesn’t
exist in the American
English because it is
replaced by the /ʌ/ or /a:/ vowel sounds. For example, Americans would tend
to pronounce the word [on] as /ʌn/ while in British English it would be with the
sound /ɔ/, so it would be /ɔn/ . Usually, the /ɔ/ sound would be represented
by the letter [o] like in [of, on, from].

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1____________________ /nʌt/ /nɔt/
2____________________ /prʌbləm/ /prɔbləm/
3____________________ /wʌt/ /wɔt/
4____________________ /bɪka:z/ /bɪkɔz/
5____________________ /wʌnt/ /wɔnt/
6____________________ /af/ /ɔf/
7____________________ /la:t/ /lɔt/
8____________________ /dʒa:b/ /dʒɔb/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / ɔ/ sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________

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5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________

The /ʊ:/ sound

In this lesson we are going

to talk about the long /ʊ:/
as in words like [ blue,
too, rule, do, new]. The
/ʊ:/ sound is not unique to
the American English, but
non-native English
speakers usually make
this sound too relaxed.
The /ʊ:/ sound is a long
sound, which means that you out to stretch it when pronouncing it. To
produce the /ʊ:/ correctly, you must shape your lips as a small circle and then
say [uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu]. The /ʊ:/ sound could be written with [:] or could
written as /u/ both of them are correct phonetic symbols of the sound /ʊ:/

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1______________________ /blʊ:/
2______________________ /blʊ:m/
3______________________ /blʊ:/
4______________________ /bʊ:m/
5______________________ /bʊ:ts/
6______________________ /brʊ:m/
7______________________ /tʃʊ:/
8______________________ /tʃʊ:z/
9______________________ /kʊ:l/
10_____________________ /krʊ:/
11_____________________ /dʊ:/
12_____________________ /dʊ:/
13_____________________ /dʊ:m/
14_____________________ /dʊ:/
16_____________________ /flʊ:/
17_____________________ /flʊ:/
18_____________________ /fʊ:d/

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19_____________________ /fʊ:l/
20_____________________ /frʊ:t/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / u:/ sound.
1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

''Cute troops in blue boots''

The /ʊ/ sound

In this lesson we are going
to talk about the short
counterpart of the /ʊ:/
sound, the /ʊ/ sound as in
words like [put, push, book,
wolf, could] the /ʊ/ exists
only in 20% of world's
languages. To make the /ʊ/
sound correct, you must
tense you lips in a shape of a small circle than say [uuh]. The air flow must be
short not like [uuuuuuuuuuu] in the preious lesson. The /ʊ/ is a short vowel or
the shorter version of the /ʊ:/ sound.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1______________________ /bʊk/
2______________________ /brʊk/
3______________________ /bʊl/
4______________________ /bʊʃ/
5______________________ /kʊk/
6______________________ /kʊd/
7______________________ /krʊk/

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8______________________ /fʊt/
9______________________ /fʊl/
10_____________________ /gʊd/
11_____________________ /hʊd/
12_____________________ /hʊf/
13_____________________ /hʊk/
14_____________________ /lʊk/
15_____________________ /lʊkt/
16_____________________ /lʊks/
17_____________________ /pʊr/ /pʊə/
18_____________________ /pʊl/
19_____________________ /pʊlz/
20_____________________ /pʊʃ/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / ʊ / sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

Exercise 5
Try to repeat this phrase correct as you pronounce the /ʊ/ sound
''A cook stood in a brook''

Exercise 6
Look at the group of words below and decide which words have the long /ʊ:/
and which words have the short /ʊ/ sound.

Pool put pull fool look

Tool dull cool cook wool

Room foot shoes push full

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The /3:/ vowel

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
/ɜ:/ vowel as in words
like [girl, turn, burn,
sir]. The /ɜ:/ vowel is a
long vowel. This vowel
is presented by
different letters or
combination of letters
as [ir] or [ur]. In the British English, the /ɜ:/ sound is not followed by the /r/
sound, but in the American English the /ɜ:/ vowel is followed by the /r/ letter
and is written phonetically /ɜr/ and is called an R-coloured vowel. To
pronounce this vowel, you need to put your lips in neutral position as your
tongue goes low with a relaxed mouth position. The /ɜ:/ sound could be
represented by the letters [er] as in ''person'' or [or] as in ''word'' or [ur] as
''turn'' or [ir] as in ''first''

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1___________________ /pɜrsən/ /pɜ:sən/
2___________________ /wɜrd/ /wɜ:d/
3___________________ /tɜrn/ /tɜ:n/
4___________________ /fɜrst/ /fɜ:st/
5___________________ /ɜrli:/ /ɜ:li:/
6___________________ /sɜrvɪs/ /sɜ:vɪs/
7___________________ /wɜrld/ /wɜ:ld/
8___________________ /gɜrl/ /gɜ:l/
9___________________ /rɪsɜrtʃ/ /rɪsɜ:tʃ/
10__________________ /əkɜr/ /əkɜ:/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the / 3:/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________

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9___________________
10__________________

The /ə/ sound

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
/ə/ sound as in words
like [ago, above, person,
parent, action]. The /ə/
sound is the second
most used vowel in
American English. One
in every five words have
the /ə/ sound. If you want to pronounce the /ə/ as an American, you should
focus on relaxing your tongue and lips. Slightly open your mouth, relax your
lips as you put them in neutral position. Place your tongue in the middle of
your mouth and relax it. The /ə/ sound is the shorter version of the /3:/ sound.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1______________________ /əbɪlɪt̬ i:/ /əbɪlɪti:/
2______________________ /əbʌv/
3_______________________ /əbrʌpt/
4_______________________ /æbsəns/
5_______________________ /æbsənt/
6_______________________ /əbɪs/
7_______________________ /ækədemɪk/
8_______________________ /æksədənt/
9_______________________ /ækjərət/
10______________________ /əkjʊ:zəl/
11______________________ /ətʃi:v/
12______________________ /əkrɔs/
13______________________ /ækʃən/
14______________________ /æktʃʊəl/
15______________________ /ədæpt/
16______________________ /ədɪʃən/
17______________________ /ədres/
18______________________ /ædɪkwət/
19______________________ /ədʒʌst/
20______________________ /ədmɪnəstreɪʃən/

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Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /ə/sound.
1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The Diphthongs
Diphthongs are combination of two
pure vowel sounds to create a mixed
vowel sound. In American English
we have only five diphthong vowels.
However, in British English they are
eight diphthong vowels. To
pronounce a diphthong correct, your
lips must move its position from one
shape to another as quickly as
possible to produce the diphthong
correctly. The diphthongs are of
three catagories. The first kind are
these diphthongs that end with the
/ɪ/ sound but starts with different
vowels as the /eɪ/, /aɪ/ and /ɔɪ/.
Another pair of diphthongs are
those that start with different vowel sounds, but end with the same vowel
which is the /ʊ/ as the /əʊ/ and the /aʊ/. The last group of diphthongs are
those that start with a different vowel sounds, but end with a similar sound
which is the schwa sound /ə/ and they are /ɪə/, /eə/ and /ʊə/.

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The /eɪ/ diphthong

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
American vowel sound
/eɪ/ as in words like
[make, take, day, wait
or eight] To pronounce
the /eɪ/ vowel, you
should focus on the
correct position of your
lips and tongue. Parshely open your mouth, spread your lips wide and make
them tense, raise the middle part of your tongue to the roof of your mouth abd
push it to the front. The tip of your tongue should be down, just behind you
bottom front teeth. Remember that the /eɪ/ is a tense sound, so your lips must
be very tense. Your jaw should be lowered.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1_______________________ /eɪbl/
2_______________________ /eɪs/
3_______________________ /eɪk/
4_______________________ /eɪdʒ/
5_______________________ /eɪd/
6_______________________ /eɪm/
7_______________________ /eɪt/
8_______________________ /beɪb/
9_______________________ /beɪt̬ ɪd/ /beɪtɪd/
10______________________ /beɪk/
11______________________ /beɪkt/
12______________________ /beɪs/
13______________________ /beɪsɪk/
14______________________ /beɪsɪs/
15______________________ /beɪð/
16______________________ /beɪ/
17______________________ /bɪheɪv/
18______________________ /beɪʒ/
19______________________ /bleɪd/
20______________________ /bleɪm/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /eɪ/sound.

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1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10________________

The /aɪ/ sound

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
American vowel sound
/aɪ/ as in words like
[like, child, sky, hight].
The /aɪ/ is one of the
most frequently used
mixed vowel in the
American English. To
make the /aɪ/ diphthong correctly, you need to pronounce two sound and
make a smooth connection between them. Start by making the /a:/ sound by
opening your mouth vertically as possible, relax your lips, and allow them to
rest in a neutral position. Flatten your tongue and place it very low in your
mouth. The tip of your tongue should be touching the bottom front teeth.
Next, connect the /a:/ to the /ɪ/ that it becomes an /aɪ/.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1_______________________ /aɪ/
2________________________ /aɪs/
3________________________ /aɪdɪə/
4________________________ /aɪrən/ /aɪən/
5________________________ /aɪt̬ əm/ /aɪtəm/
6________________________ /aɪvi/
7________________________ /əraɪv/
8________________________ /əsaɪn/
9________________________ /kaɪnd/
10______________________ /kaɪt/
11______________________ /naɪf/

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12______________________ /laɪf/
13______________________ /laɪt/
14______________________ /maɪt/
15______________________ /maɪnd/
16______________________ /naɪs/
17______________________ /naɪn/
18______________________ /paɪlət/
19______________________ /pəlaɪt/
20______________________ /praɪz/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /aɪ/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /ɔɪ/ sound

In this video we are
going to talk about
the third diphthong
vowel sound which is
the /ɔɪ/. We can find
the /ɔɪ/ sound in
words like [ boy, oil,
toy, coin, joy]. To
make the /ɔɪ/
correctly, you need to
focus on pronouncing two sounds as you make a smooth connection between
them. Start by making the /ɔ/ sound alone, open your mouth as wide as
possible, and round your lips. Next, flatten your tongue and pull it far back to
your throat. The tip of your tongue should be touching the bottom front teeth.
Then connect the /ɔ/ to the /ɪ/ sound that it becomes something like /ɔɪ/.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

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GA BBC
1_____________________ /ənɔɪ/
2_____________________ /əpɔɪntmənt/
3______________________ /əvɔɪd/
4_____________________ /bɔɪl/
5_____________________ /bɔɪ/
6_____________________ /brɔɪl/
7_____________________ /tʃɔɪs/
8_____________________ /kɔɪn/
9_____________________ /dɪplɔɪ/
10____________________ /emplɔɪ/
11____________________ /emplɔɪi:/
12____________________ /endʒɔɪ/
13____________________ /dʒɔɪn/
14____________________ /dʒɔɪ/
15____________________ /lɔɪjɚ/ /lɔɪjə/
16____________________ /lɔɪəl/
17____________________ /mɔɪst/
18____________________ /nɔɪz/
19____________________ /ɔɪstɚ/ /ɔɪstə/
20____________________ /pɔɪnt/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /ɔɪ/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

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The /aʊ/ Sound

In this lesson we are

going to talk about the
American /aʊ/ sound
as in words like [
cloud, how, now, out,
town]. The /aʊ/ sound
is presented by
different combinations
of letters as [ow] or
[ou]. To make the /aʊ/
correctly, you need to
pronounce two sounds and make a smooth connection between them. Start
with making the /a/ sound by opening your mouth as wide as possible, relax
your lips andallow them to rest in a neutral position. Flatten your tongue and
place it very low in your mouth. The tip of your tongue should be touching the
bottom front teeth. Next, connect the /a/ to the /ʊ/ sound. you will have a
sound like /aʊ/.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1________________________ /əbaʊt/
2________________________ /əlaʊ/
3________________________ /baʊ/
4________________________ /klaʊd/
5________________________ /kaʊtʃ/
6________________________ /kaʊ/
7________________________ /kraʊd/
8________________________ /daʊt/
9________________________ /aɪbraʊ/
10______________________ /flaʊɚ/ /flaʊə/
11______________________ /haʊs/
12______________________ /haʊ/
13______________________ /laʊd/
14______________________ /maʊs/
15______________________ /maʊθ/
16______________________ /naʊ/
17______________________ /paʊdɚ/ /paʊdə/
18______________________ /ʃaʊt/
19______________________ /saʊθ/
20______________________ /θaʊzənd/

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Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /aʊ/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /əʊ/ sound

In the lesson we are

going to talk about
the English
diphthong vowel
sound the /əʊ/ as in
words like [go, no,
so, low]. In American
English the /ə/ sound
in /əʊ/ becomes /o/
which means that the /əʊ/ is /oʊ/ in American English. Both symbols represent
the same sound. The /əʊ/ is a diphthong sound which means that it is a
combination of two vowel sound that are pronounced within the same syllable.
The /əʊ/ sound is a combination of the /ə/+/ʊ/.

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1________________________ /noʊ/ /nəʊ/
2________________________ /ðoʊz/ /ðəʊz/
3________________________ /oʊn/ /əʊn/
4________________________ /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/
5________________________ /oʊpən/ /əʊpən/
6________________________ /oʊnli:/ /əʊnli:/
7________________________ /oʊvɚ/ /əʊvə/
8________________________ /oʊld/ /əʊld/

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9________________________ /moʊst/ /məʊst/

10______________________ /proʊgræm/ /prəʊgræm/
11______________________ /hoʊld/ /həʊld/
12_____________________ /hoʊm/ /həʊm/
13_____________________ /ʌlsoʊ/ /ɔ:lsəʊ/
14_____________________ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/
15_____________________ /əgoʊ/ /əgəʊ/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /əʊ/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /ɪə/ sound

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
British diphthong
sound /ɪə/ as in words
like [here, tear, fear,
clear]. The /ɪə/ sound
is available in the
American vowel
sounds, but not when
the spelling of a word ends with [er] or [or] because they have replaced it with
the R-coloured vowel/ɪr/ or /ər/. However, if you want to seem more British in
your pronunciation, you must master pronouncing the /ɪə/ at the end of words
that end with [er]or [or]. The /ɪə/ is a diphthong sound which mean that it is a
combination of two vowel sound pronounced together within the same
syllable. The /ɪə/ sound is a combination of the /ɪ/+/ə/ that it becomes /ɪə/

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

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GA BBC
1________________________ /eərɪə/
2________________________ /kli:r/ /klɪə/
3________________________ /mətɪərɪɪəl/
4________________________ /hi:r/ /hɪə/
5________________________ /ɪər/ /ɪə/
6________________________ /rɪəl/
7________________________ /ɪkspɪərɪəns/
8________________________ /nɪərli:/ /nɪəli:/
9________________________ /pɪərɪəd/
10______________________ /aɪdɪə/
11______________________ /əpi:r/ /əpɪə/
12______________________ /ni:r/ /nɪə/
13______________________ /kəri:r/ /kərɪə/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /ɪə/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /eə/ sound

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
British diphthong
sound /eə/ as in
words like [there,
their, fair, bear]. The
/eə/ sound is
available in the
American vowel
sounds, but not when
the spelling of a word ends with [ere] or [ir] or [ar] because they have replaced
it with the R-coloured vowel/ər/. However, if you want to seem more British in
your pronunciation, you must master pronouncing the /eə/ at the end of words

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that end with [ere]or [ir] or [ar]. The /eə/ is a diphthong sound which mean that
it is a combination of two vowel sound pronounced together within the same
syllable. The /eə/ sound is a combination of the /e/+/ə/ that it becomes /eə/

Exercise 1
Read the description of the words and write them in the blanks

GA BBC
1______________________ /ðer/ /ðeə/
2______________________ /wer/ /weə/
3______________________ /eərɪə/
4______________________ /ðer/ /ðeə/
5______________________ /peərənt/
6______________________ /jeə/
7______________________ /veərɪəs/
8______________________ /ker/ /keə/
9______________________ /wer/ /weə/
10_____________________ /her/ /heə/
11_____________________ /ʃer/ /ʃeə/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down ten words with the /eə/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________
6___________________
7___________________
8___________________
9___________________
10__________________

The /ʊə/ sound

In this lesson we are
going to talk about the
British diphthong sound
/ʊə/ as in words like
[poor, pure, cure,
sour]. The /ʊə/ sound is
available in the
American vowel

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sounds, but not when the spelling of a word ends with [or] or [ure] or [ur]
because they have replaced it with the R-coloured vowel/ ʊr/. However, if you
want to seem more British in your pronunciation, you must master
pronouncing the /ʊə/ at the end of words that end with [ure]or [ur]. The /ʊə/ is
a diphthong sound which mean that it is a combination of two vowel sound
pronounced together within the same syllable. The /eə/ sound is a
combination of the /ʊ/+/ə/ that it becomes /ʊə/. There aren’t many words with
the /ʊə/ sound because it is a rear sound.

GA BBC
1____________________ /djʊərɪŋ/
2____________________ /sɪkjʊərəti:/
3____________________ /pʊr/ /pʊə/

Free Exercise
Work in pairs and write down five words with the /ʊə/sound.

1___________________
2___________________
3___________________
4___________________
5___________________

Unit Exercises
Exercise 1
Write these words in their Phonological description

Life / / path / / sweet / /

Look / / know / / full / /
Art / / cat / / talk / /
Doctor / / fear / / shell / /
Ethics / / over / / real / /
Balloon / / hollow / / not / /
Zoo / / queen / / jail / /
Mall / / Ox / / castle / /
ill / / yellow / / You / /
fuel / / nail / / money / /

Exercise 2
Read the phonological description and write the words in the blanks beside
them.
/eərɪə/ _____________ /ti:tʃ/ ______________ /bəheɪv/ ___________

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/deɪtə/ _____________ /sæləd/ _____________ /ənʌðɚ/ ____________

/bri:f/ _____________ /pʊə/ _____________ /jeə/ ____________
/məsa:ʒ/ ____________ /kəmɪtɪ/ _____________ /bʌlb/ ____________
/daʊn/ _____________ /ədʒʌst/ _______________
/əpɔɪntmənt/________________ /erpɔrt/_________________
/aɪsɪkl/_______________ /dʒʊ:s/ _________________

Exercise 3
Try to read these sentences in there phonological description and then write
down the sentences in the blanks below each sentence.
1. /aɪ red ðæt bʊk jestədeɪ/
_________________________________________________
2 /wɔt dəs ðæt wɜ:d mi:n ɪn ɪŋglɪʃ?/
_________________________________________________
3 / Wi: i:t tə lɪv nɔt i:t tə lɪv/
_________________________________________________
4 /ʃi: wɔnts tə pleɪ fʊtbɔ:l təmɔrəʊ/
_________________________________________________
5 /gʊd plæns meɪk gʊd fɔ:tʃʊnz/
_________________________________________________
6 / ði:z tʊ:lz a:r jʊzfʊl fɔr məni: dɪfrɪnt wɜ:ks/
_________________________________________________
7 /stʌdi: ha:d fɔ: jɔ: faɪnəl əgza:mɪneɪʃənz/
_________________________________________________

American Vs British Pronunciation

In this lesson we
are going to talk
about the main
differences
between
American
pronunciation
and the British
pronunciation.
There are some
remarkable
differences in
pronunciation
between both
accents. There

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are some vowel sounds that are pronounced in American English different
than the way they are pronounced in the British English. Sounds like /a:/, /ɔ/,
/æ/, /ə/, /j/, /h/, /ɜ:/.

Difference 1 : The /ɔ/ vowel

In many words with the [o] letter, British speakers would tend to use a
roundered vowel here which is the /ɔ/ sound, but American would use a more
opened vowel as the /ʌ/ sound. Write the phonologican prescription of both
accents in the blanks below.

GA BBC
1 Job / / / /
2 Politics / / / /
3 Not / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.
GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /
2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

Difference 2 : The /a:/ vowel

In words like [dance, laugh, past] British speakers would use a back vowel
which is the /a:/, but Americans would use a more front vowel sound which is
the /æ/. Listen to Donald Trump and Tearisa May pronouncing this sound.
Then write the description in the slashes below.

GA BBC

1 behalf / / / /

2 passed / / / /

3 Path / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.

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GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /
2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

Difference 3 : The ''T'' sound

British speakers would always pronounce the ''t'' letter as /t/, but most
American would use a tap /t̬ / which could be as the sound of a /d/.

GA BBC

1 Water / / / /

2 authority / / / /

3 Fighting / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.
GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /
2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

Difference 4 : The Yod /j/ sound

In many words like tuna, student or duty, British speakers would pronounce a
/j/ sound before the /u/, but most Americans don’t.

GA BBC

1 New / / / /

2 Duty / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.
GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /

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2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

Difference 5: The ''R'' consonant sound

In Britain, if the /r/ sound comes after a vowel, it is always dropped, but in
America, it is always pronounced.

GA BBC

1 Shared / / / /

2 Hard / / / /

3 Work / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.
GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /
2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

Difference 6: Dropping the /h/ sound

In many words that start with /h/ sound, Brits would tend to pronounce the /h/
sound, but in America, especially in New York, the /h/ sound would be
dropped.

NY BBC

1 Human / / / /

2 Huge / / / /

3 Humour / / / /

Free exercise
Write five other words with this sound. Then, write their phonological
description in both accents.
GA BBC
1__________________ / / / /

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2__________________ / / / /
3__________________ / / / /
4__________________ / / / /
5__________________ / / / /

AG BBC CE
1 I cought the cot
/ / / /
2 The tot was tought
/ / / /
3 I bought a bot
/ / / /
4 Borrow
/ / / /
5 Sorry
/ / / /
6 Tomorrow
/ / / /
7 A little bit of butter
/ / / /
8 It's wetter in Toronto
/ / / /
9 I know a lot about it
/ / / /
10 Again/ against
/ / / /
11 Avenue
/ / / /
12 Adult
/ / / /
13 Out and about
/ / / /
14 How's the house?
/ / / /
15 The sound is too loud
/ / / /
16 Process
/ / / /
17 Project [N/V]
/ / / /
18 Progress
/ / / /

Discuss these words again with your classmates.

Free Exercise

Write ten words you think are different in American pronunciation and British
pronunciation.

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GA BBC

1_________________ / / /

2_________________ / / /

3_________________ / / /

4_________________ / / /

5_________________ / / /

6_________________ / / /

7_________________ / / /

8_________________ / / /

9_________________ / / /

10________________ / / /

American Vs British Vocabulary

There are many
differences between
American and British
use of vocabulary. A
word in British Englis
can mean something
else in America, and
the opposite is true,
so you must be very
careful to use the
correct word in the
correct place to not
mis-communication or
to cause
misunderstandings.
Look at the picture at
the right side and
discuss the
differences with your
class mate.

Exercise 2

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Look at these different pictures that show differences in the use of vocabulary
and discuss them with your classmates.

Exercise 3

Look at this picture and discuss the differences between American and British
vocabularies.

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Exercise 5

Look at these pictures below and discuss the differences between American
and British Vocabulary.

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1 Pronunciation
Write the phonological description of the words in American, British and
Australian English.

GA BBC AE

1 Banana / / / /

2 Tomato / / / /

3 Water / / / /

4 Coffee / / / /

5 Dog / / / /

6 Shark / / / /

7 Zebra / / / /

8 Vase / / / /

9 Castle / / / /

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10 Missile / / / /

Stress

BBC GA
1 Adult adult
2 Ballet Ballet
3 Brochure brochure
4 Garage Garage
5 Vaccine Vaccine
6 Advertisement Advertisement
7 Hospitable Hospitable

Try to practice the differences in stress of these words again with your
classmate.

Pronunciation
Continue watching this video and notice how these words are pronounced
differently in British English and American English as you write the description
in the slashes.

BBC GA
1 Agile / / /
2 Fertile / / /
3 Hostile / / /
4 Mobile / / /
5 Versatile / / /
6 Bath / / /
7 Laugh / / /
8 Class / / /
9 Chance / / /
10 Ask / / /
11 After / / /
12 Can't / / /
13 Example / / /
14 Hard / / /
15 Were / / /
16 ear / / /
17 Pure / / /
18 More / / /
19 Chair / / /

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20 Bar / / /
21 Cililization / / /
22 Organization / / /
23 Authorization / / /
24 Globalization / / /
25 Better / / /
26 Water / / /
27 Hated / / /
28 Writing / / /
29 Bottom / / /
30 Native / / /
31 Artificial / / /
32 Notice / / /
Practice saying these words again in both American and British accents.

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