ELECTRICAL UTILITY ENGINEERING (20EE54I)

Scheme of Evaluation for SEE 2

ELECTRICAL UTILITY ENGUINEERING

1 Demonstrate routine checks on DG set/ trouble shoot DG set electrical problems/transformer substation/Earthing
system- 10Marks

Demonstrate routine checks on DG set

A-Check (Daily routine Check) is done on daily basis

1. Check cleanliness of DG
2. Check oil level.
3. Check whole lubrication system foe any oil leakage
4.check fuel level
5. Check whole fuel system for any fuel leakage
6. Check Battery Voltage
7. Check any Leakage
8. Check all filter condition
9. Check coolant Level
10. Check whole cooling system for any coolant leakage
11. Check Radiator Fan Belt condition
12. Check foe any strange noise when the engine is running

B-Check (Every 300- 350 Hrs. or 6mth whichever is earlier. .)

1. Repeat all steps of A- check
2. Change oil.
3. Change oil filter, fuel filter, bypass filter & gas cut.
4. Change Air Filter.
5. Remove water from water Separator
6. Change gas cut for piston Head.
7. Check whole air system for any leakage (hose, clamp)
8. Check whole exhaust system for any leakage(pipe)
9. Check the color of exhaust smoke
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10. Check the battery and charge level
11. Check the battery charger and charging alternator
12. Check all pressure and temperature sensor and gauges
13. Check screws and bolt tightness
14. Check vibration insulators

.C-Check (Every1500 Hrs. or 1yr whichever is earlier .)

1. Repeat all steps of A & B -check
2. Change oil.
3. Change oil filter, fuel filter, bypass filter & gas cut.
4. Change Air Filter.
5. Remove water from water Separator
6. Radiator cleaning with chemical
7. Check All Electrical terminal & thimbles
8. Check pollution level
9. Engine Injector setting
10. Change gas cut for piston Head.
11. Check the turbocharger
12. Change the radiator coolant
13. Check the injector nozzle

D-check (Every 3000 Hrs or 2yr.)

1. Repeat A&B&C- check

2. Turbo charger service
3. Injector Pin service
4. Cylinder Head service
5. PT Pump service &

If DG set running hours more than 10,000 then in D Check should need to be

1. Change Piston Bearing,

2. Change nozzles,
3. Piston Cylinder also needs to be change.
4. Change Canopy filter if require
5. Check pollution level

Trouble shoots DG set electrical problems

Checking methods when engine encounters malfunction

causes troubleshooting
Speed sometimes fast, sometimes slow Check the speed governing system
Abnormal noise Stop the engine and inspect each movable parts carefully
Exhaust with black suddenly check fuel system, especially the nozzle

Diesel engine stopping automatically

causes troubleshooting
Malfunction or run out of the fuel system Fill fuel

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Obstruction in fuel pipe or air filter Check or clean

Air exists in fuel system Emit the air
Obstruction in air filter Check,clean,brush off or change the filter element
Sudden increase of load Lighten the load
Engine is not being started

causes troubleshooting
Engine oil is viscous Remove the belt and start the engine &stop it
failure of fuel system, water mixed in oil Clean fuel tank,fuel filter &fuel pipe then change the fuel
The fuel get thickening and cannot flow easily
Use prescribed brand fuel
Check the position of governing handle or check and clean
The injection fuel is little or the spray is not
excellent the fuel nozzle ,change the nozzle if necessary
Carbon deposit in nozzle hole Clean the nozzle
Incomplete combustion Leakage in gasket of cylinder head, deficiency of pressure in
combustion
Interruption in diesel fuel Lack of fuel ,should fill fuel or remove the obstruction in pipe
Oil switch is not on the position of "ON' Turn oil switch to the position of "ON"
The governor handle is not on "RUN' position Turn the governer handle to the 'RUN ' position
Lack of diesel fuel Add diesel fuel
Exhaust with black smoke and white smoke

causes troubleshooting
Lack of air or leakage clean the air filter ,check the cause of leakage and remedy
oil mixed in cylinder Check the oil level,drain off the redundant oil
Water mixed diesel fuel Clean the fuel tank &change the diesel fuel

Generator is not generating electricity

causes Troubleshooting
Power switch is on the position of "OFF" Turn the switch to the position of "OFF"
Bad contact of the socket Correct the socket pins
No rated voltage adjust the AVR
Improper excitation Check the exciter

Transformer substation maintenance- Do various periodic checks on transformer substation.

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A.DAILY
1. Cleaning of control & Relay panels, LT-AC, DC panels, Battery Charger & Equipments in Control Room.
2. Battery Charger for Healthy Charging of Batteries, Electrolyte level in Batteries etc.
3. Oil Level in HV-Bushing, Main and OLTC Conservator, Silica gel in Breathers.
4. Recording the No. of OLTC Operations in the Day and recording cumulative No. of operations.
5. Observing any abnormal change in transformer humming.
6. Cleaning of Out Door Yard, Earth Electrode Pits etc..
7. Operation of D.G. Set if provided & to run for 10 minutes for its Battery charging.
B.WEEKLY
1. Electrolyte in Batteries & Top - up with Distilled Water if necessary.
2. Level & Condition of Oil in Air Compressors.
3. Draining of condensed water in the Air receiver tanks of breakers as and when required.
4. Checking of Auto Start/ Stop of Compressors/Pumps of breakers.
5. Checking of Alarm & Lock Out for Air/Gas in breakers.

C.MONTHLY: Cleaning & Applying Petroleum Jelly for battery terminals.

D.QUARTERLY

A.TRANSFORMERS

1. Cleaning of all HP/LV Bushing, Checking Bushing Oil Level .

2. Checking of Cooling Fans, Pumps, and Oil Coolers .
3. Checking of Oil Leaks if any and rectification.
4. Checking of OLTC and its drive mechanism for Local Remote Operation and lubrication.
5. Checking of Transformer Alarm Circuits/Trip circuit.
6. Transformer Neutral Earth Connections at both ends & Tightening of Connectors.
7. Check for pressure in Nitrogen Injection fire protection system.

B) BREAKERS
1. Check Compressed Air and SF6 Gas Pressures,if any Leaks, Rectify
2.Checking of Oil Leaks & Rectification. In case of BOCB, MOCB's.
3. Lubrication of Operating & Linkage mechanisms and Check for loose connection in control wiring.
4. Replacing of oil in MOCBs as per manufacturers recommendation.
5. Tightening of clamps, jump connections, breakerassembly frame, foundation and structural bolts.
6. Check closing and tripping of breaker through local/remote switch and relays.

C. CT's PT's & CVT's

1. Cleaning and Measurement of Voltages in PT & CVT.

2. Checking & Tightning of Secondary Wiring & Vermin proof of Marshalling Box.
3. Check Earth Connection of Secondary Circuit.

D.ISOLATORS

1. Check Linkages for Simultaneous Operation, Operating Mechanism, Stopper Bolts, dash pot etc.
2. Checking of Earth Switch Copper flexible.
3. Earth Connections of Earth Blade & 5. Checking of Interlocks.
4. Cleaning of Insulators & Checking for Cracks in the Insulators.
5. Cleaning of Main Contacts, Earth Blade and Spring Assembly.
6. Applying Petroleum Jelly to contacts and lubrication of Moving Parts
7. Checking and Tightening of Jumps, Clamps.

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E.CAPACITOR BANK
1. Checking of blown out external fuses.
2. Checking leakage of Oil / Bulging of Capacitors.
3. Capacitance Measurement and Balancing.
4. Checking of Earth Connections.

E. Half YEARLY - transformers

1. Measurement of IR Value's and Polarization Index for condition monitoring.

2. Testing of bottom oil of Main Tank for BDV
.
Breakers
1.Changing of Compressor Oil.
2. Measuring IR values of breaker between contacts with breaker in open condition and between contacts
and ground.
3. Tightening of Control Circuit terminals

F. YEARLY (TRANSFORMERS)
1.Testing of Main Tank Oil, Replace OLTC oil for every 5000 operations/once in a year
2. Check for Transformer Alarms, Trip Circuit for Buchholz Relays, OLTC, and Diverter eté.
3. Check Operation of Buchholz Relay for Alarm & Trip.
4. Check the Contactors for OLTC, Fan, and Pump Control & Tightening of terminals
5. Checking Arcing Horn Gaps of Bushings
LIGHTENING ARRESTOR

1. Observe any Cracks.

2. Check earth connections at L.A. & Electrode, Line Jump connections.
3. Determine IR Values for comparison with earlier values.

2 Test and Identify faults in electrical wiring system (conduct OC, SC and Insulation resistance test on the
electrical installations) -10Marks

Types of Faults: Electrical faults in three-phase power system mainly classified into two types namely open
and short circuit faults

1. Open Circuit Faults: These faults occur due to the failure of one or more conductors. The figure below
illustrates the open circuit faults for single, two and three phases (or conductors) open condition. The
most common causes of these faults include joint failures of wire.
2. Switch off the circuit breaker for the first circuit you are testing. Touch one test probe from the
multimeter to the hot wire terminal on the circuit breaker that leads to the appliance in the house.
Place the other probe on the respective neutral wire that leads back to the circuit breaker panel from
the appliance. The multimeter will read infinity or "OL" if the circuit is broken or open, on the other
hand, it will read zero if continuous.
3. Maintain the first test probe at the hot wire terminal of the circuit. Remove the second probe from
the neutral terminal then place it on the ground terminal for the circuit. Once more the multimeter
will read "OL" or infinity if the circuit is open or zero if the circuit is functioning.
4. Repeat Steps for each circuit on each wiring.

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2. Short Circuit Faults: A short circuit can be defined as an abnormal connection of very low impedance
between two points of different potential, whether made intentionally or accidentally.

Steps to find the short circuit

These faults are caused due to the insulation failure between phase conductors or between earth and phase
conductors or both. The various possible short circuit fault conditions include three phases to earth, three
phases to earth, phase to phase, single phase to earth, two phases to earth and phase to phase plus single phase
to earth as shown in figure.

1. First, need a multimeter, it can also check for continuity. By checking both ends of the wire for power,
you can find a short. Before testing, set your multimeter function to continuity mode.
2. Take the negative probe (the black one) and place it on the end of the wire to check for continuity. Use
the positive probe (the red one) on the other end of the wire and wait for a beep which signals
continuity.
3. If no beep occurs, the wire does not have power flowing all the way through it. If a beep does occur,
check the screen on your multimeter for at least .3 ohms. If the number is smaller, you probably have a
short.
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Identification of short circuit fault

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Insulation Resistance Test

1. The completed installation shall be tested by applying resistance between the earth and the whole
system of conductors, with all fuses in place and all switches closed.
2. The insulation resistance shall also be tested between all the conductors connected to one pole and all
the conductors connected to the neutral or phase conductors of the supply with all the lamps in
position and switches in the "off" position.
3. The insulation resistance measured in megaohms for the conductors in the above step shall not be less
than 12.5 megaohms for the wiring with PVC insulated wire, subject to a minimum of 1 megaohm
variation.
4. A similar test may be carried out before the lamps, bulbs, etc., are installed, and in this event, the
insulation resistance to earth should not be less than 25 megaohms for the wiring with PVC insulated
wire subject to a minimum of 2 megaohms.

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Insulation Resistance Test

Insulation Resistance Test between Conductors:
Put all the switches in the ‘ON’-position, but take off lamps and disconnect fans from the points. Open the lid
of the main switch (which is also placed at the OFF-position) and connect up its upper terminals, i.e. outgoing
terminals with the two terminals L & E of the megger. Now, if the handle of the megger is turned, its pointer
will be stable in a position on the scale showing the insulation resistance between conductors of the wiring.

If in a particular circuit or in the entire house there are 20 load points, the insulation resistance indicated in
this test should not be less than, 50/20 = 2.5 megohms.

It should be noted that at the time of testing, all the switches (except the main switch) must be placed at the
ON-position and all the loads must remain disconnected from the points.

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3 Reading of control wiring drawing and identifying control panel components/Demonstrate ferrule
numbering as per standards -10marks

1. Familiarize with Standardized Electrical Symbols

Knowing the meanings of basic electrical symbols in your electrical drawing will help you quickly
understand and troubleshooting the circuit.

A fuse is represented by a slight zigzag in the line. Motors are displayed by bumps along the line. It looks like
an "M" with 5 or 6 humps.

The ground is represented by either a triangle pointing down or a set of parallel lines that become shorter
as they appear below each other, in effect representing the inner area of the triangle pointing down

Wires are used to link the devices together. All points along the wire are identical and connected. Wires
may cross each other on an electrical drawing,.

2. Learn Reading Pattern: Read schematics in the pattern that you would read the text. With rare exceptions,
schematics should be read left to right and top to bottom. The signal generated or used by the circuit will flow
in this direction. The user can follow the same path that the signal uses to understand what the signal does or
how it is being modified.

3. Identify Polarity: Some components to a circuit board are polarized, meaning that one side is positive and the
other negative. It means that you have to attach it in a specified way. For most symbols, polarity is included in the
symbol. To identify the polarity of the physical part, a general rule of thumb is to find out which metal lead wire is
longer. The longer part is the + side.

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4. Understand Names and Values: Values help define what a component is. For electrical components like
contactor, circuit breaker, fuse etc the value shows the rating
Component names usually consist of one or two letters and a number. The letter part of the name
represents the type of component circuits, etc. Each component name in an electrical drawing should be
unique. Components' names help us reference specific points in schematics. The prefixes of names are
pretty well standardized

The elctrical drawing consists of coloumn in numbers and rows in alphapetical letters.in a given diagram ,the tag
number is mentioned as C142 – M142F which means C represents coloumn,14 represents page number,2 represents
coloumn number ,M represents motor,F represents row.so this is the way to read electrical drawing.

in the diagram C142E is mentioned which means C represents column, 14 represents page number ,2 represents column
number and E represents row number so that we can identify the component as motor terminal at the meeting point of
column and row.

List the control panel components.

1. Enclosure
2. bus bar
3. incomer
4. cables
5. Terminal Blocks
6. Circuit Breaker
7. Isolators
8. Protective Devices

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9. Relays
10. Indication Lamps
11. Buzzer
12. Cooling Fan
13. Connectors
14. Contactors
15. Timers
16. Wire Duct
17. CT and PT
18. Measuring Instruments
19. Power Supply
Demonstrate ferrule numbering as per standards
Ferrules are identification labels provided for every wire terminations in an instrument, equipment, or
electrical/instrumentation control panels.
There are differnt types of ferrules are available depend on cable size. 0.75, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25,
35, 50, 70 sq mm.

Types of ferrule: There are three different types of Wire Ferrules: Insulated, non-Insulated and twin
These tube-shaped sleeves can be inserted easily on each individual wire in a multi-core cable. Each ferrule at
the terminations gives a clear idea of where the other end is connected.

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4 Tracing and testing control wiring of LT control panel/AMF panel/APFC panel. 10

Tracing and testing control wiring of LT control panel

To trace a wire with a multimeter, set multimeter to continuity; place your red probe on one wire ending and
then place the black probe on a suspected ending. If the multimeter reads “0” or beeps, then that is where the
wires traces to and use a multimeter to do a point-to-point continuity check on all wiring based on the
electrical drawings.

The insulation resistance shall be checked across earth and every control wiring in the panel. The insulation
resistance should be mega ohms.

Tracing Wires with Electrical Testers

Types of Electrical Testers and How to Use Them

1. Electrical Wire Testers

a. There are a many great testers that can be used to identify wiring .
2. Non-Contact Voltage Testers
a. One type of tester is the Non-Contact Voltage Detector which can be used to detect voltage in
wires and cables.
3. Testing for Broken Wires
a. This non contact tester can also find breaks in electric wires, and helps to identify the hot and
neutral conductors.

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Tracing and testing control wiring of AMF panel

1. CONTINUITY TESTING: All wiring system shall be tested for continuity of circuits, short circuits and earthing
after wiring is completed and before energizing.

2. INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING : The insulation resistance shall be measured across earth and the whole
system of conductors, or any section thereof, with all fuses in place and all switches closed and except in
concentric wiring all lamps in position of both poles of the installation otherwise electrically connected together.

The insulation resistance measured as above shall not be less than 50 mega ohms divided by the number of
points on the circuit provided that the whole installation shall not be required to have an insulation resistance
greater than one mega ohm.

Testing requirements

1. Test insulation resistance of bus with a 1-minute test (phase to phase and phase to ground).
2. Test insulation resistance of instrument transformers and control power with a 1 minute test at
appropriate voltage.
3. Test insulation resistance of contactor (closed position) with a 1-minute test (phase to phase and phase
to ground).
4. Test contactor contact resistance with micro-ohmmeter.
5. Test contactor drop out time if power disturbance ride through is indicated.
6. Test CT circuit by applying current to the CT primary circuit and verifying operation of all applicable
relays and metering devices.

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Necessary tools
1. Portable Hand tools
2. Step Ladder
3. HV Test kit
4. Secondary injection kit
5. Insulation resistance tester
6. Multimeter
Insulation Resistance Test
1. Isolate all incoming & outgoing cables.
2. Apply a voltage of 500 volts Dc between phases R to earth for 1 minute with phase Y, B & N shorted
& earthed & record the values.
3. Repeat the test for other phases as well

HIGH VOLTAGE TEST

1. Test should be carried on a dry place

2. Apply the voltage of a value which is sufficiently low
3. Gradually increase the voltage up to its rated insulation level
4. Maintain the rated insulation voltage to zero
5.12KV
6. HV Test kit
7. Rated insulation level for 12KV is 28KV

A control circuit is a special type of circuit used to control the operation of a completely separate the
power circuit.
First, all wiring and components are inspected for obvious non-conformities.
Next, all components are checked to ensure that they match the bill of materials. If lights are used, correct
voltage is checked. If relays with surge suppressors are used, the correct type is confirmed. Also, all contacts
on pushbuttons and switches are checked to make sure they’re the right ones.

Next, we check that the required component labels are present, correct, and easily visible.
After the component and wire labels are checked, we check all screw connections for tightness.

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Then, we pull on each wire to ensure that no connections are loose and that wires have the appropriate amount
of slack. You don’t want too much extra wire, but some is good to make sure that it’s not constantly under
stress.
After that, we use a multimeter to do a point-to-point continuity check on all wiring based on the electrical
drawings and we highlight the drawing as each connection is verified.

Tracing and testing control wiring of APFC panel.

Circuit Diagram

1. CONTINUITY TESTING

All wiring system shall be tested for continuity of circuits, short circuits and earthing after wiring is completed
and before energizing.

2. INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING

The insulation resistance shall be measured across earth and the whole system of conductors, or any section
thereof, with all fuses in place and all switches closed and except in concentric wiring all lamps in position of
both poles of the installation otherwise electrically connected together.

The insulation resistance measured as above shall not be less than 50 mega ohms divided by the number of
points on the circuit provided that the whole installation shall not be required to have an insulation resistance
greater than one mega ohm.

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3. Voltage test between terminals

4. Voltage test between terminals and case
Testing of kVAr compensation for a 500 kW installation to improve the PF from 0.75 to 0.96
CALCULATION OF CAPACITOR
kVAr required = kW (tan Φ1 - tan Φ2)
Where Φ1= cos-1 (PF1) and Φ2 = cos-1 (PF2).
PF1 =0.75
PF1= 0.96
Φ1= cos-1 (0.75)
Φ1= 41.4096
Φ2 = cos-1 (0.96)
Φ2 = 16.2602
kVAr required = kW (tan Φ1 - tan Φ2)
kVAr required = 500 (tan (41.4096) – tan(16.2602))
kVAr required = 295.1249 =295 KVAR

kW to kVA calculation
The apparent power S in kilovolt-amps (kVA) is equal to the real power P in kilowatts (kW),
divided by the power factor PF:
S(kVA) = P(kW) / PF
S(kVA) = 500(kW) / 0.75 S(kVA) = 500(kW) / 0.96
S(kVA) = 666.66 KVA S(kVA) = 520.88 KVA

Case 1:
Apparent power =666.66 kVA; connected load =500 kW; power factor= 0.75 Current drawn,
I1 =KVA/( √3*V*PF), √3=1.732
I1=666.66 x 1000/(1.732 x 415 x0.75)=1236.61 A
Case 2:
Apparent power =520.88 kVA; connected load =500 kW; power factor= 0.96 Current drawn,
I2 =KVA/( √3*V*PF) , √3=1.732
I2=520.88 x 1000/(1.732 x 415 x0.96)=754.84 A
5 Install and test – 3 phase Submersible pump starter with water level controller /UPS system/ CCTV/LAN/ fire
alarm/annunciation panel a. Circuit diagram and Procedure= 15 b. Connection =25 c. Testing =10 Marks

Note: the above experiment may be setup on table and demonstrated

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY UPS INSTALLATION AND TESTING

Aim: To Install and test UPS system

TOOLS USED IN UPS INSTALLATION

1. Electrical Hand Tools

2. Hydraulic Pallet Jack

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3. Spirit Level
4. Torque Wrench
5. Common Hand Tools
6. Measuring tape
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
1. Batteries
2. Rectifier
3. Inverter
4. Static Bypass Switch
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF UPS

PROCEDURE TO INSTALL UPS

1. Equipment, racks panels and its components shall be carefully installed considering all requirements.
2. Install Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) as per vendor’s procedure and data provided for the specific
equipment.
3. A work space of 1 meter shall be allowed in the front of the UPS cabinets. If rear access is required for
UPS maintenance, a clearance of 1 m shall be allowed as needed.
4. UPS System shall be located in a temperature controlled room in which the temperature is maintained at
<= 25°C.
5. Cables for the primary AC input, output and the alternate AC source shall be run separate raceways.
6. Assemble battery racks, batteries, and battery switch as per equipment vendor’s procedure and data
provided for the specific equipment.
7. Position the battery cells on the assembled rack and mount in accordance with vendor’s recommended
instruction. Battery cells shall be lifted by the bottom not by the terminals. Ensure that polarity are
properly oriented and connected as intended.
8. Install and arrange cable through conduit from battery bank to battery switch and from switch to battery
cabinet.

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9. Functional test shall be conducted.

10. Proper terminal lugs shall be installed as per latest Issued for Construction (IFC) Drawings.
11. Connect all cabling and termination to the system as per Latest Single Line Diagram and latest Drawings.
Tighten all the bolted connection using appropriate tools and marked with visual indicator.
12. Connect all grounding connections to grounding system as per latest Issued for Construction drawings.
13. Final interconnection shall be checked to ensure tightness and polarity
14. Identifications, nameplates and warning signs shall be properly installed accordingly as per Drawings.

TESTING

1. UPS and battery shall be preliminary inspected. Dust and dirt shall be removed by using appropriate
vacuum. Make sure that the cells are clean and free from leakage.
2. UPS battery testing: Battery run-down evaluations to check connections and cells, and capacity testing to
ensure the size of the battery matches the output needed for the system.
3. Load-bank testing: Verify that load carrying characteristics meet specifications
4. Harmonics testing: Ensures distortion is not being fed back to the utility, which could affect nearby
equipment.
5. Continuity and insulation resistance testing shall be conducted prior to cable termination.
6. Testing of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Battery and Charger shall be complied with UPS and DC
Systems.

RESULT: The installation and testing of UPS is performed a per the requirement by using necessary tools and
components

Install and test CCTV

Aim: To Install and test CCTV

TOOLS REQUIRED FOR CCTV INSTALLATION

1. Ladder
2. Power drill & Drill bits – including masonry bits
3. Electric heavy-duty screwdriver, Small screwdrivers & Pencil and pen
4. Hammer
5. BNC crimp tool
6. Cable stripper
7. Cutter and Stanley knife, Pliers
8. Safety goggles, helmet, boots
9. Cable Rod Set & Fish Taps to feed cables in awkward places
10. Electrical tape to stick cables to rod ,Labels to mark cable
11. Raw plugs
12. Electrical meter to check electricity
13. Video test monitor to plug-in directly to camera, to adjust angle of camera

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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. power cameras
2. Cables.
3. A video recorder (DVR or NVR)
4. A storage unit, usually a hard drive.
5. A display unit, such as a monitor
6. BNC connector
CONNECTION DIAGRAM FOR CCTV

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PROCEDURE
INSTALLATION OF CCTV
1. The CCTV camera to cover the entrance of your property, a larger space or a particular area.
2. Choose a location and height for the camera.
3. Then mark with a pencil where the three screws go for the bracket that comes with the camera.
4. Then drill three holes for the screws and insert a raw plug, mount the bracket and then attach the camera.
5. CCTV camera connection:, connect the Cat 5 or Cat 6 to the camera and for analogue HD connect the video and
power cables to the camera. Then connect the other end of the camera cable to the DVR/NVR. Once the camera
is connected to the DVR, repeat the same procedure for the other cameras.

INSTALLATION OF DVR
1. Unpack the DVR or NVR from the box.
2. Remove the cover of the DVR by removing screws.
3. Connect the power and data cable from DVR/NVR to hard disk.
4. Close and secure the DVR case.
5. Connect the DVR to a power socket and then turn on the DVR.

CONNECTION BETWEEN CCTV MONITOR TO DVR

1. Then connect the CCTV monitor to the DVR and turn on the monitor.
2. it’s recommended to connect the monitor by HDMI for higher resolution and better quality.
Alternatively, use a VGA connection.
3. Now system is ready to connect a monitor to Surveillance System plug in VGA from the monitor to the
DVR.
4. Now connect the DVR mouse located on the panel of the DVR.
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5. Now turn on DVR by using the power on/off switch on the rear panel. Surveillance system is now ready
to use. To get full screen size of any display, double click the mouse after keeping cursor on that display.
Testing of CCTV
1. check all the cables are identified
2. check the continuity of the cable
3. check the field devices –cable identification and termination and check the power supply
4. Test permanent power supply connected to CCTV.
5. Check the sensitivity of motion detection.
6. Check the operation of control-station equipment.
7. Tests after the connection successfully completed.
8. Perform operational system tests to verify that system complies with Specifications.

RESULT: Installation and testing of CCTV setup is performed usinng required tools and components.

Install and test – LAN

Aim: To install and test LAN

TOOLS REQUIRED FOR THE INSTALLATION OF LAN SETUP

1. Screwdriver, for driving screws.

2. Power drill, for drilling holes.
3. Cable puller, for pulling cables.
4. Crimping tool, for crimping or terminating.
5. Cable/Fibre tester, for testing.
6. Multimeter, for testing.
7. Stud finder for finding studs.
8. Soldering Iron, for soldering.
9. Tape measure, for measuring.
10. Pencil, engineer’s crayon, for marking.
11. Pipe bender, for bending pipe, Pipe cutter, for cutting pipe

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. Router
2. Hub/ Switches
3. Cables and connectors
4. Modem
5. repeater
6. gateway
7. Network Interface Card (NIC)
8. client
9. server
10. bridge

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE TO SET UP LAN NETWORK

1. Identify services: Identify the network services such as printers, disk drives, data, etc. that will
be shared among workstations.
2. Identify devices: Identify devices such as computers, laptops, etc. with a unique address that
will be connected to the network.
3. Plan connections: Design the network by laying out cable wires between network devices.
Wired LAN is set up using Ethernet cables.
4. Select networking device: Select switch or router with enough ports to connect all workstations
within the network. The choice of networking device is based on the requirements of the
network.
5. Configure ports: Configure ports according to the information provided by ISP (Internet
Service Provider). Also, configure LAN ports of cable routers such that there are enough
addresses available for all the workstations within the network. A cable router acts
as DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Server) server that automatically allocates addresses to
all the devices connected to the network.
6. Make connections: Connect all the devices using wires to configure a LAN network. Standard
Ethernet cables are used to connect workstations and servers while Ethernet crossover cable is
used to connect the switch to cable routers by connecting the standard port of the switch with
router’s LAN port.
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7. Test the network: Test each of the workstation connected to the network and ensure every
workstation have access to network services.
TESTING OF LAN

Testing cable: A LAN cable is a type of ethernet cable that brings connection to computers. If there are
connection problems on your devices, then the problem may be a faulty LAN cable. To test the cable, plug it
into an ethernet cable tester and see if it successfully transmits a signal

Testing speed: One tool to use for measuring speed between two computers is iPerf, an open-source tool
available for most modern computer operating systems, including Microsoft Windows. Download and install
iPerf on two computers on your network. Then get a report of the network speed between the two devices

Testing port: check the connection signal. This is the most basic test of your ethernet port. If your port is
faulty, you won’t have a good connection or any connection at all.

RESULT: the installation and testing of LAN is performed using necessary tools and components

6 Select appropriate fire extinguisher and operate / Demonstrate operation of firefighting

control panel/ PA system/Alarm/Annunciation panel. 10 marks

OPERATION OF CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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Fire hazards are divided into five classes:

1. Class A: fires occurring in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, paper, and plastic.
2. Class B: fires occurring in flammable and combustible liquids and flammable gasses.

3. Class C: fires occurring in energized electrical equipment, such as panel boxes, motors, and fans.
4. Class D: fires involving combustible metals, such as potassium and magnesium.
5. Class K: fires involving cooking greases and fats.
Selecting the Extinguisher Type Once the fire hazard(s) has been identified, an extinguisher, which is suitable
for the class (es), can be selected. If there may be more than one fire hazard present in a particular area, it is
important to select an extinguisher that can control all of the hazards present.
Manufacturers provide the rating (i.e., the class of fire for which an extinguisher is suitable) for an
extinguisher on a product label that is affixed to the extinguisher (e.g., an extinguisher that is rated BC would
be suitable for Class B and Class C fires).
A portable device for extinguishing fires, usually consisting of a canister with a directional nozzle used to direct a
spray of water, chemically generated foam, inert gas, or fine powder onto the fire.

CO2 fire extinguishers are mainly aimed at electrical fires but are also suitable for Class B liquid fires and are
used in different ways depending on the type of fire they are being used on

1. Remain a safe distance from the fire and remove the safety pin. This will break the tamper seal and
ensure the Co2 extinguisher is ready to use.
2. Squeeze the lever to start discharging the extinguisher. Please note that the CO2 extinguishers make a very
strong discharge noise..
3. To operate the extinguisher, you pull the ring and press the handle.
4. Pressing the handle opens a valve (shown here as a green arrow) that releases the pressurized gas from the
canister.
5. The gas immediately expands and emerges from cone type pipe through nozzle
6. Aiming the extinguisher:
a).Flammable liquids: Aim the horn at the base of the fire and move across the area. Be careful not to splash
the burning liquid with the powerful jet of the CO2 extinguisher.
b).Electrical equipment: Switch off the power, where safely possible, to prevent later re-ignition and then
direct the horn straight at the fire
7. Ensure all the fire has been extinguished as re-ignition is easily possible when a CO2 extinguisher has been
used.
FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

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Fire alarm control panels perform a wide range of life-saving and property-protecting tasks. Some transmit a
signal used to alert first responders, while others simply sound alarms in or around the building. Every fire
panel acts as a middleman between devices that watch for hazards and devices with alerting people to danger
or problems with fire protection systems.

OPERATION: when a fire starts, a smoke detector, heat detector, hand-activated pull switch, or manual call
point sends a signal to a fire panel. Fire sprinkler systems equipped with a flow switch or alarm pressure
switch, devices designed to detect sprinkler activation can also transmit a signal to the panel when water
begins to flow through an activated sprinkler system.

The fire alarm control panel responds to any of these signals by lighting up or making noise, activating local
bells or other signals, and/or sending a signal to fire officials or a private monitoring company tasked with
notifying the authorities.

Panels installed with some deluge sprinkler systems, for example, can open or close a deluge valve, which
allows fire suppressant to be distributed to many sprinkler heads simultaneously. Panels for fire alarm systems
in some facilities go even further, locking or unlocking doors, disabling elevators, turning off the electricity,
or shutting off or turning on ventilation.

Fire panels can also be integrated with building management systems and security systems. In these cases, the
functions of a fire panel take priority over the other systems and “the other systems cannot interfere with the
operation of the fire alarm.” For example, if an access control system locks down certain outer doors in a
building due to an external security threat, that command would need to be overridden in the event of a fire
evacuation

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The three main types of signals received by the FACP are Alarm, Supervisory and Trouble. Here are the brief
descriptions of each of the signal type:

1. Alarm signal: An alarm signal suggests a possible fire. Upon receiving an alarm signal, the FACP
will automatically activate the audible and visual notification devices to alert the occupants to evacuate
the premises. The monitoring center will also receive the alarm signal and call the appropriate local
fire department to dispatch emergency responders.
2. Supervisory signal: a supervisory signal as someone saying “Please pay attention to this right now!.”
A supervisory signal won’t activate the notification devices or cause fire trucks to show up, but is used
to inform the building staff of an issue that could prevent the proper function of the fire system.
3. Trouble signal: A trouble signal most commonly indicates a wiring, communication or battery issue
that needs to be addressed.

FIRE ANNUNCIATION PANEL

Annunciator Panel is a device that consists of a number of visible signals such as “flags” or lamps indicating
the status of an alarm system or systems.

This annunciator lets the fire department know where an alarm is coming from in the building when they
arrive, or where a fire trouble signal is coming from in the building.

An annunciator panel, also known as the Centralized Warning Panel (CWP) or Caution Advisory Panel
(CAP), is a group of lights used as a central indicator of status of fire.

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When the annunciator detects a problem, it generally alerts the user, telling him or her where the fire started,
what caused it, and if the sprinklers or other devices are working. The annunciator usually sends this
information to a data storage area for future analysis.

Each element of your building’s fire alarm system, from the smoke, heat, or fire detectors to the manual pull
down stations and water flow alarm devices, relays information to the annunciator panel. Since the
annunciator panel is constantly streaming fire detection, fire protection, and fire prevention codes into its data
storage, it is ready to give an audible and visual signal as soon as a problem occurs.

Some of this critical information relayed by the fire alarm annunciator includes information designed to help
people exit the building safely, to prevent the fire department from receiving false alarms, to alert the building
operator to system failures, etc.

PA system
Components of the System
1. Amplifier
2. Speakers
3. Mic
4. Zoning System

In an public addressable system, all the devices such as detectors, call points and alarm bells are connected in
a loop system to the fire addressable control panel and each device has an address (to tell about their location).
it is very easy to find the exact location of the device which has been triggered in the connected circuitry.

For safe evacuation in case of a fire, people should be notified and guided effectively. We integrate Public
address (PA) to fire alarm systems for effective notification in case of fire.
When smoke or fire is detected, by the Fire Alarm System, the area of incident can be seen marked on the fire
alarm panel, the person in charge can quickly see and make an announcement over the PA System with
appropriate instructions, to evacuate.

Similarly, in case of false alarm and testing of fire alarms, an announcement can be made for the same so that
people don’t panic, and their work can be continued. Apart from this, the PA system can also be programmed
to play prerecorded instructions such as: Automated announcements which informs user about the alarm
testing which may happen. Customized announcements for different areas, which can guide to the nearest
assembly point or give out specific instructions which is needed only for certain areas. With this solution, the
user advantages include cost reduction, and instant communication on fire detection to organise evacuation.

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