INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 16537

First edition
2012-05-15

Thermal insulating products for

building applications — Determination
of shear behaviour
Produits isolants thermiques destinés aux applications du bâtiment —
Détermination du comportement en cisaillement

Reference number
ISO 16537:2012(E)

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

Contents Page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................................. iv
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... v
1 Scope....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references.......................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions.......................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle.................................................................................................................................................................. 1
5 Apparatus............................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Test machine.......................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Specimen supports.............................................................................................................................................. 2
5.3 Adhesive................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6 Test specimens..................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.1 Dimensions of test specimens......................................................................................................................... 5
6.2 Number of test specimens................................................................................................................................. 6
6.3 Preparation of test specimens.......................................................................................................................... 6
6.4 Conditioning of test specimens....................................................................................................................... 6
7 Procedure............................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.1 Test conditions...................................................................................................................................................... 6
7.2 Test procedure...................................................................................................................................................... 6
8 Calculation and expression of results............................................................................................................ 7
8.1 General.................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.2 Shear strength....................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.3 Shear modulus...................................................................................................................................................... 7
9 Accuracy of measurement................................................................................................................................. 8
10 Test report.............................................................................................................................................................. 8

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 16537 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods.

ISO 16537 includes the original EN 12090 prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 88 “Thermal insulating
materials and products”, with the following clauses modified to reflect the conditions for tropical countries:

— Clause 6.4: Conditioning of test specimens;

— Clause 7.1: Test conditions; and

— Clause 10: Test report.

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

Introduction

ISO 16537 is one of a series of existing European Standards on test methods which were adopted by ISO. This
group of International Standards comprises the following group of interrelated standards:

ISO Title Respective

EN
standard

12344 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12089

bending behaviour

12968 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of the EN 13495
pull-off resistance of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)
(foam block test)

29465 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of length EN 822
and width

29466 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 823

thickness

29467 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 824

squareness

29468 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of flatness EN 825

29469 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 826

compression behaviour

29470 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of the EN 1602
apparent density

29471 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1603

dimensional stability under constant normal laboratory conditions (23 degrees
C/50 % relative humidity)

29472 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1604

dimensional stability under specified temperature and humidity conditions

29764 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1605

deformation under specified compressive load and temperature conditions

29765 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of tensile EN 1607
strength perpendicular to faces

29766 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of tensile EN 1608
strength parallel to faces

29767 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of short- EN 1609
term water absorption by partial immersion

29768 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of linear EN 12085
dimensions of test specimens

29769 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12430

behaviour under point load

29770 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 12431

thickness for floating-floor insulating products

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

29771 Thermal insulating materials for building applications — Determination of EN 13820

organic content

29803 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of the EN 13497
resistance to impact of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)

29804 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of the EN 13494
tensile bond strength of the adhesive and of the base coat to the thermal
insulation material

29805 Thermal insulation products for building applications — Determination of the EN 13496
mechanical properties of glass fibre meshes

16534 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 1606

compressive creep

16535 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of long- EN 12087
term water absorption by immersion

16536 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of long- EN 12088
term water absorption by diffusion

16537 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of shear EN 12090
behaviour

16546 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of freeze- EN 12091
thaw resistance

16544 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Conditioning to moisture EN 12429
equilibrium under specified temperature and humidity conditions

16545 Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of EN 13793

behaviour under cyclic loading

A further group of existing European Standards on test methods for products used to insulate building equipment
and industrial installations comprises the following group of interrelated International Standards:

ISO 12623 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — EN 13472
Determination of short-term water absorption by partial immersion of preformed
pipe insulation

ISO 12624 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — EN 13468
Determination of trace quantities of water soluble chloride, fluoride, silicate,
sodium ions and pH

ISO 12628 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — EN 13467
Determination of dimensions, squareness and linearity of preformed pipe
insulation

ISO 12629 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations — EN 13469
Determination of water vapour transmission properties of preformed pipe
insulation

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16537:2012(E)

Thermal insulating products for building applications —

Determination of shear behaviour

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the equipment and procedures for determining shear behaviour. It is
applicable to thermal insulating products.

NOTE The tests described in this International Standard do not determine pure shear behaviour, but measure the
effects of applying two opposite parallel forces to the major faces of the test specimen. The test is, however, called “shear”
in this text by convention. The application of a force tangentially to the major surface of the test specimen is considered to
represent more closely the stresses imposed upon thermal insulation products in many building applications, particularly
walls, than other methods of measuring shear performance, e.g. bending tests.

2 Normative references
The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.

ISO 29768, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of linear dimensions of
test specimens

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.

3.1
shear strength
τ
ratio of the maximum force applied to the product, which will cause rupture along a plane parallel to the
direction of the applied force, to the area of the plane on which the force acts

3.2
shear modulus
G
shear stress divided by the corresponding relative deformation below the proportional limit, when the
relationship is linear

NOTE See Figure 3.

4 Principle
A test specimen is subjected to a shear stress transmitted to the test specimen through rigid supports to which
it is bonded. The corresponding force-displacement curve is determined.

NOTE Tests carried out using the single test specimen method have produced results for shear strength which
indicate the result to be dependent upon test specimen thickness, with more scattered results at greater thicknesses. Tests
using the double test specimen method have also shown test specimen thickness to influence results for shear strength.

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

5 Apparatus

5.1 Test machine

5.1.1 General

A test machine capable of applying a sufficient force within the maximum displacement experienced in the shear
test. It shall be capable of operating at a constant rate of movement of the movable head of (3 ± 0,5) mm/min
in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test specimen assembly.

The test machine shall exert a force F on the test specimen with a maximum error of 1 %, and produce a
displacement, γ, of the movable support relative to the fixed supports, having a maximum error of 1 %.

If the shear modulus is required, the force F and the displacement γ shall be simultaneously recorded to provide
the curve of F, γ required in Clause 7.

NOTE 1 It may be necessary to use a displacement transducer for accurate measurement of deformation, particularly
where a thick adhesive layer has been used in preparing the test specimen.

The null or zero displacement of the test specimen may be calculated by subtraction from γ, the displacement
due to the equipment and the same thickness of adhesive measured without the test specimen, e.g. by replacing
the test specimen by metal block(s) in a blank test.

5.1.2 Single test specimen arrangement

The test machine shall exert longitudinal shear forces through parallel plates bonded to a single test specimen
of dimensions as in 6.1.2. The parallel plates shall be rigid with one plate attached to the fixed part and the other
to the movable parts of the test machine.

5.1.3 Double test specimen arrangement

The test machine shall exert longitudinal shear forces through parallel plates bonded to a double test specimen
of dimensions as in 6.1.3. The parallel plates shall be rigid with the outer plates attached to the fixed part and
the central plate to the movable parts of the test machine.

5.2 Specimen supports

5.2.1 Single test specimen assembly

Two flat rigid specimen supports of length 330 mm and width 50 mm shall be attached to the grips of the test
machine via an adaptor and universal joint. The method of attaching the specimen supports to the grips is
shown in Figure 1. The thickness of the adaptors that connect the specimen supports to the test machine grips
shall be the same as the thickness of the test specimen.

NOTE Flat rectangular sectioned mild steel plates with a thickness of 16 mm have proved suitable for the support material.

5.2.2 Double test specimen assembly

The essential features are three flat rigid supports of which two can be maintained with their planes parallel and
vertical. Two suitable arrangements are shown in Figure 2.

Experience gained using both the single and double test specimen methods with several products has indicated
that it is of paramount importance that the specimen supports be very rigid. With the double test specimen
arrangement, the fixed supports should be maintained in parallel vertical planes. Both the arrangements shown
in Figure 2 have proved suitable.

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

5.3 Adhesive
The adhesive used to fix the test specimen shall be such that the shear strength and modulus of the adhesive
film is greater than that of the product under test. This ensures that rupture occurs in the test specimen rather
than in the adhesive.

Information on suitable adhesives and their use may be provided in the relevant product standard or any other
technical specification.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 fixed machine grip
2 universal joint connection pins
3 tongue and groove
4 nut and bolt supports
5 adaptor
6 test specimen supports (length 330 mm, width 50 mm, thickness 16 mm)
7 test specimen (length 250 mm, width 50 mm)
8 load distribution plates
9 movable machine grip

Figure 1 — Example of single specimen test assembly

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

a)
Key
1 loading plate (length 300 mm, width 100 mm, thickness 16 mm)
2 test specimen (length 200 mm, width 100 mm)
3 adhesive
4 metal test specimen supports (length 300 mm, width 100 mm, thickness 16 mm)

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

b)
Key
1 loading plate
2 test specimen (length 200 mm, width 100 mm)
3 adhesive
4 metal test specimen supports
5 plywood test specimen supports

Figure 2 — Examples of double specimen test assemblies

6 Test specimens

6.1 Dimensions of test specimens

6.1.1 General

The thickness of the test specimens shall be the original product thickness. Any moulded skins, facings and/or
coatings shall be retained.

The dimensions shall be determined in accordance with ISO 29768. The tolerance on parallelism and flatness
between the two major faces of the test specimen shall not be more than 0,5 % of the specimen thickness with
a maximum of 0,5 mm.

6.1.2 Single test specimen

The test specimen shall be square and squarely cut with dimensions:

Length: 250 0 mm;

−5

Width: 50 0 mm.
−1

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

The thickness of the test specimen is the product thickness (maximum 50 mm).

6.1.3 Double test specimen

The separate parts of the test specimen shall be square and squarely cut with dimensions:

Length: 200 0 mm;

−5

Width: 100 0 mm.

−5

The thickness of each part is the product thickness.

6.2 Number of test specimens

The number of test specimens shall be as specified in the relevant product standard or any other European
technical specification. In the absence of such a specification, at least five test specimens shall be used.

NOTE In the absence of a product standard or any other technical specification, the number of test specimens can
be agreed between parties.

6.3 Preparation of test specimens

The test specimens shall be prepared by cutting methods that do not change the structure of the original
product. The method of selection of the test specimens shall be given in the relevant product standard or any
other European technical specification or by agreement between the parties.

6.4 Conditioning of test specimens

The test specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C. In case of dispute they shall be stored at
(23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (RH) for the time specified in the relevant product standard with a
minimum of 6 h.

In tropical countries, different conditioning and testing conditions can be relevant. In this case, the conditions
shall be (27 ± 5) °C and (65 ± 5) % RH, and be stated clearly in the test report.

7 Procedure

7.1 Test conditions

The test shall be carried out at (23 ± 5) °C. In case of dispute it shall be carried out at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH.

In tropical countries, different conditioning and testing conditions are relevant. In this case, the conditions shall
be (27 ± 2) °C and (65 ± 5) % RH.

7.2 Test procedure

Measure the three dimensions of the test specimen in accordance with ISO 29768.

Attach the test specimen to the rigid supports using a suitable adhesive.

The distance between the two major planes of the test assembly shall not vary by more than 1 %.

The test specimen assembly shall be attached to the test machine and a force applied to the movable support
plate sufficient to produce movement in a vertical direction at a rate of (3 ± 0,5) mm/min.

The force-displacement curve shall be recorded (F, γ).

Discard any test specimen where the failure occurs in the adhesive layer between the test specimen and the
rigid supports, and make a new test.

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

8 Calculation and expression of results

8.1 General
The results are the mean value of the individual measurements and shall be expressed to two significant figures.

Results shall not be extrapolated to other thicknesses.

Comparison between products should only be made on test results obtained from test specimens of similar
thickness, from either single or double test specimen tests.

8.2 Shear strength

Calculate the shear strength, τ, in kilopascals using Equation (1):

τ = Fm (1)
A

where

A is l × b for a single test specimen, in m2;

A is 2 × l × b for a double test specimen, in m2;

l is initial length of the test specimen, in m;

b is initial width of the test specimen, in m;

Fm is maximum force applied to the test specimen, in kN.

8.3 Shear modulus

If required, calculate the shear modulus, G, in kilopascals using Equation (2):

d × tan α
G= (2)
A

where

A is l × b for a single test specimen, in m2;

A is 2 × l × b for a double test specimen, in m2;

l is initial length of the test specimen, in m;

b is initial width of the test specimen, in m;

d is thickness of the test specimen, in m;

tanα is the slope of the linear portion of the force-displacement curve, if detectable (see Figure 3),
expressed in kN/m.

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

Fe
tanα =
γe

Fm is the maximum force;

Fe is the force corresponding to γe (limit of proportionality);

γe is the displacement in the elastic zone (well-defined straight portion of the force/displacement
curve).

Figure 3 — Force — Displacement curves

9 Accuracy of measurement
NOTE It has not been possible to include a statement on the accuracy of measurement in this edition of this
International Standard, but it is intended to include such a statement when this International Standard is next revised.

10 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:

a) Reference to this International Standard, i.e. ISO 16537:2012;

b) Product identification

1) product name, factory, manufacturer or supplier;

2) production code number;

3) type of product;

4) packaging;

5) the form in which the product arrived at the laboratory;

6) presence or absence of facing or coating;

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

7) other information as appropriate, e.g. nominal thickness, nominal density.

c) Test procedure

1) pre-test history and sampling, e.g. who sampled and where;

2) conditioning;

3) if any deviation from Clauses 6 and 7;

4) date of testing;

5) conditioning and testing conditions in tropical countries, if applicable;

6) dimensions and number of test specimens;

7) general information related to the test including reference to the method used (single or double test
specimen arrangement);

8) events which may have affected the results.

Information about the apparatus and identity of the technician should be available in the laboratory, but need
not be recorded in the report.

d) Results (all individual values and the mean value of the shear strength and if required the shear modulus).

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ISO 16537:2012(E)

ICS 91.100.60
Price based on 9 pages

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