SECONDARY

JHS
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LEARNING STRAND 2
SCIENTIFIC AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
MODULE 1: WHY DO I NEED TO BELIEVE IN SCIENCE?

ALS Accreditation and Equivalency Program: Junior High School

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 LEARNING STRAND 2

WHY DO I NEED TO
BELIEVE IN SCIENCE?

SCIENTIFIC AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

MODULE 1
ALS Accreditation and Equivalency Program: Junior High School The development and printing of this learning resource was made possible
Learning Strand 2: Scientific and Critical Thinking Skills
Module 1: Why Do I Need to Believe in Science? with the cooperation of Asia Pacific College. This is a component of the project
“Better Life for Out-of-School Girls to Fight Against Poverty and Injustice in the
Published in 2020 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Philippines” implemented by UNESCO Office, Jakarta in partnership with the
UNESCO Office, Jakarta
Department of Education. This initiative received a generous financial support
Jalan Galuh II No. 5, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia
from Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA).
and

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 DEVELOPMENT TEAM

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Kristine Lee S. Lumanog Education Program Specialist II, ALS Task Force (On-detail)
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Reyangie V. Sandoval Education Program Specialist II, Bureau of Learning Resources
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Daisy Asuncion O. Santos Chief Education Program Specialist, Bureau of Learning Resources
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User’s Guide
For the ALS Learner:
References
Welcome to this Module entitled Why Do I Need to Believe in Science? under Learning Strand 2 Scientific and
Critical Thinking Skills of the ALS K to 12 Basic Education (BEC).
University of Leicester. “Planning an Effective Presentation.”
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent
learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the contents of the learning resource while
(2009). Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www2.le.ac.uk/
being an active learner. offices/ld/ resources/presentations/planning-presentation.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

University of Leiscester. “Using Visual Aids.” Accessed August
This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to 29, 2019. https://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/
Let’s Get to Know
learn in the module. presentations/visual-aids.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know
Pre-assessment about the lesson. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide University of Oregon. “Superstition.” Accessed August 29, 2019.
to skip this module. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/superstition.html.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you
Setting the Path
discover and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your

Trying This Out understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

Understanding
This includes questions that process what you learned from the lesson.
What You Did

Sharpening This section provides an activity that will help you transfer your new
Your Skills knowledge or skill in real-life situations or concerns.

Treading the This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the
Road to Mastery given learning competency.

Don’t Forget This part serves as a summary of the lessons in the module.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge
Explore More
or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.

This part will assess your level of mastery in achieving the learning
Reach the Top
competencies in each lesson in the module.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

This portion gives information about the meanings of the specialized words
Glossary
used in the module.
why do i need to believe in science? 57
 References
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

Catibog, V. “10 Weird Filipino Superstitions You Believed As a The following are some reminders in using this module:
Kid.” (2017). Accessed August 29, 2019. https://pop.inquirer. 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
net/38560/10-weird-filipino-superstitions-believed-kid. 2. Don’t forget to answer the Pre-assessment before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
Demetrio, F. "Toward a Classification of Bisayan Folk Beliefs 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
and Customs." Philippine Studies 16, no. 4 (1968): 663- 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
689. http://www.philippinestudies.net/files/journals/1/ 6. Return this module to your ALS Teacher/Instructional Manager/Learning Facilitator
once you are through with it.
articles/1006/public/1006-5256-1-PB.pdf
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your ALS
Graburn, N. H.H. "What is tradition?." Museum Anthropology Teacher/Instructional Manager/Learning Facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
24, no. 2‐3. (2000): 6-11. https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of
wiley.com/doi/10.1525/mua.2000.24.2-3.6 the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Grand Valley State University. Oral Presentation. (2017).

Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.gvsu.edu/ours/oral-
presentation-tips-30.htm.

Makati Medical Center. “6 Pregnancy Superstitions Debunked.”

(2019). Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.
makatimed.net.ph/news-and-exhibits/news/6-pregnancy-
superstitions-debunked

Scitable by Nature Education. “Effective Oral Presentations.”

(2010). Accessed August 29, 2019. https://www.nature.com/
scitable/topicpage/effective-oral-presentations-13906743.

Take Me Fishing. “Best Time to Go Saltwater Fishing.” Accessed

August 29, 2019. https://www.takemefishing.org/saltwater-
fishing/when-to-saltwater-fish/best-times-to-saltwater-
fish/.

56 why do i need to believe in science?

 glossary
Let's Get to Know 1
Pre-Assessment 2
the end of an event or process; discusses the over-
Conclusion
LESSON 1: How Do I Get Bad Luck? 6 all results of an experimental procedure

Setting the Path 6

an arrangement of lines or shapes created to form
Design
Trying This Out 7 a pattern or decoration

Understanding What You Did 8

a change which is a result or consequence of an
Effect
Sharpening Your Skills 11 action or other cause

Treading the Road to Mastery 14 a success or failure apparently brought by chance

Luck
LESSON 2: How Do I Make People Believe 15 rather than through one’s own actions
What I Say?
Objective a thing aimed at or sought; a goal
Setting the Path 15
Trying This Out 16 Opening a beginning; an initial part
contents

Understanding What You Did 17 the process of thinking of activities to achieve a

Planning
goal
Sharpening Your Skills 21
Treading the Road to Mastery 27 a speech or talk in which a new product, idea,
Presentation or piece of work is shown and explained to an
LESSON 3: How Real Are Superstitions? 28
audience
Setting the Path 28
the use of pictures or illustrations to describe a
Trying This Out 29 Visual
word/group of words
Understanding What You Did 30
Sharpening Your Skills 33
Treading the Road to Mastery 37

why do i need to believe in science? 55

 answer key
Don't Forget 39
REACH THE TOP PAGE 42
Explore More 41
1. SUPER
2. SCIENCE Reaching the Top 42
3. SUPER
4. SUPER Answer Key 44
5. SUPER
Glossary 55
6. SCIENCE
7. SUPER References 56
8. SCIENCE
9. SCIENCE
10. SCIENCE
11. SCIENCE
12. SUPER
13. SUPER
14. SCIENCE
15. SCIENCE

54 why do i need to believe in science?

contents
 Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
Uses a clear voice Voice is clear. Voice is
Mumbles,
and correct, precise Student low. Student
mispronounces
pronunciation pronounces most mispronounces
terms, and speaks
Elocution of terms so that words correctly. terms. Audience
too quietly for a
all audience Most audience members have
majority of students
members can hear members can hear difficulty hearing
to hear.
presentation. presentation. presentation.
answer key

CONTENT
Demonstrates Does not
Uncomfortable with
full knowledge At ease with have grasp of
information and
Subject by answering all expected answers information;
is able to answer
Knowledge questions with to all questions, student cannot
only rudimentary
explanations and without elaboration. answer questions
questions.
elaboration. about subject.
Presents Audience has Audience cannot
Presents
information in difficulty following understand
information in
logical, interesting presentation presentation
Organization logical sequence
sequence which because student because there is
which audience can
audience can randomly jumps no sequence of
follow.
follow. between topics. information.
Student’s
Presentation has Presentation has
Presentation has presentation has
no more than two three misspellings
Mechanics no misspellings or four or more
misspellings and/or and/or grammatical
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or
grammatical errors. errors.
grammatical errors.
why do i need to believe in science? 53
 Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
NONVERBAL SKILLS

Holds attention of Uses direct

Displays minimal
entire audience eye contact No eye contact
eye contact with
with the use of with audience with audience as
answer key

Eye Contact audience while

direct eye contact, consistently, but entire report is read
reading mostly
seldom looks at still returns to from notes.
from the notes.
notes. notes.

Very little
Movements seem Movements or No movement
Body movement or
fluid and help the gestures enhance or descriptive
Language descriptive
audience visualize. articulation. gestures.
gestures.

52 why do i need to believe in science?

Makes minor Displays tension
Displays relaxed, Displays mild
mistakes, but and nervousness;
TREADING THE ROAD TO MASTERY

self-confident tension; has trouble

Poise quickly recovers has trouble
nature about self, recovering from
from them; displays recovering from
with no mistakes. mistakes.
little or no tension. mistakes.

VERBAL SKILLS
Demonstrates a
strong, positive Occasionally shows Shows some Shows absolutely
Enthusiasm feeling about positive feelings negativity toward no interest in topic
topic during entire about topic. topic presented. presented.
presentation.
PAGE 37

L
Module 1
Let’s get to know

to be actually true. Let us test our luck with Jacob.

olo Vicente, Jacob’s grandfather, was the first person in his family who

told that if he tried to disobey them, he would get bad luck for a long time.
passed away. Being a new experience for him, Jacob was surprised with

Jacob got curious and wanted to find out the possibility of these superstitions
beliefs such as avoiding combing his hair, sweeping the floor, and taking a

visitors bring home food, or even thanking them when they leave. He was
the superstitions that his family observed during the wake. He had to follow

shedding a tear on the coffin, sleeping while watching over the dead, letting
bath in their home where his Lolo’s wake was being held. He also had to avoid

why do i need to believe in science? 1

 Module 1 answer key
Pre-Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a

punctuation, usage,
Background colors
make text difficult
from 6 feet away.
separate sheet of paper.

difficult to read

Multiple errors

capitalization,

and grammar.
Fonts are not

illegible, and

in spelling,
consistent,
Poor (1)

to read.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about superstitions?

A. supported by extensive scientific literature

B. also known as pamahiin in Filipino

enhance readability of enhance readability of

C. beliefs, half-beliefs, or simply practices

Improvement (2)

consistent, legible,

Background colors
from 6 feet away.

punctuation, and
and easy to read
Some fonts are

capitalization,
D. have no concrete evidence of its usefulness

Some errors
in grammar,
some text.

spelling.
Needs
2. Which of the following is a superstition?

A. If you step over people while they are lying down, you might wake
them up.
B. If three people are photographed together, the person in the middle

consistent, legible,

Background colors
from 6 feet away.

punctuation, and
and easy to read
Proficient (3)

Most fonts are

capitalization,
will die first.

in grammar,
Few errors
most text.

spelling.
C. If you go to sleep when you are hungry, you will wake up still hungry.
D. If your hair is wet when you lie down to sleep, you will also get your
pillows and sheet wet.

3. Which of the following refers to preparing for an oral presentation?

read from 6 feet away.

enhance readability of

No errors in grammar,
Fonts are consistent,
legible, and easy to

Background colors

punctuation, and
Exemplary (4)
A. knowing how to make the audience believe and agree with the main

capitalization,

spelling.
all text.
topics
B. knowing how to smoothly move from one topic to another
C. knowing the audience and objectives
D. knowing the topics and their relationships

CRITERION

Mechanics
Grammar
Elements
Text

and
2 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 51
 Needs
CRITERION Exemplary (4)
Poor (1) Proficient (3)
Improvement (2)
ACTIVITY II

The composition of
The composition of
The composition of the poster/slides
the poster/slides The composition
answer key

the poster/slides shows a visual balance

shows a visual balance is not balanced.
shows a visual balance among text, pictures,
among text, pictures, Excessive use of
among text, pictures, art, graphics, and
art, graphics, and white space or
art, graphics, and white space some
white space most text, pictures,
Layout/Color white space. Color of the time. Color
of the time. Color art, and graphics.
and contrast attract and contrast attract
and contrast attract Lacks color. Lacks
attention and guide attention and guide
attention and guide contrast. The visual
the reader. The the reader some of
the reader most of the aid is cluttered and

50 why do i need to believe in science?

visual aid is neat and the time. The visual
time. The visual aid is lacks neatness.
uncluttered. aid lacks neatness or
neat and uncluttered.
is cluttered.
Almost all pictures,
A sufficient number An adequate number A minimal number of
artwork, and
of pictures, artwork, of pictures, artwork, pictures, artwork, and
graphics are not
and graphics are and graphics are graphics are randomly
related to the
Visuals deliberately related to clearly related to the related to the topic.
topic. Almost all
the topic, and large topic. Most are large Some are large
are too small to be
enough to be seen enough to be seen enough to be seen
distinguished from
from 6 feet. away. from 6 feet away. from 6 feet away.
6 feet away.
PAGE 35
Module 1

topics

presentation?
presentation?
way possible
oral presentation?
oral presentation?

A. knowing the audience and objectives

A. knowing the audience and objectives

D. knowing the quality of the presentation

C. knowing the topics and their relationships
A. knowing the topics and their relationships
C. knowing the topics and their relationships
C. knowing the topics and their relationships

D. knowing how to quickly catch the audience’s attention

C. knowing how to smoothly move from one topic to another
A. knowing how to smoothly move from one topic to another
B. knowing how to smoothly move from one topic to another

B. knowing how to make the presentation memorable to the audience

B. knowing how to make the presentation memorable to the audience
D. knowing how to make the presentation memorable to the audience

6. Which of the following refers to developing a conclusion for an oral

D. knowing how to make the audience believe and agree with the main

7. Which of the following refers to choosing your main points for an oral
5. Which of the following refers to establishing linking statements for an

B. knowing how to quickly catch the audience’s attention in the fastest

4. Which of the following refers to choosing supporting information for an

why do i need to believe in science? 3

Module 1 answer key
8. Which of the following questions is NOT considered when reviewing LESSON III: HOW REAL ARE SUPERSTITIONS?
presentations?
SHARPENING YOUR SKILLS PAGE 33
A. Does the order of topics make sense to the audience? ACTIVITY I
B. Does the presentation achieve the objectives? CRITERION Exemplary (2) Proficient (1)
C. Is the presentation too long or too short?
D. What are the similarities of the main points? argument is clearly some evidence is provided,
supported by accurate but information is not fully
Support/ evidence considered explained; important pieces
9. Which of the following elements are the most important in a presentation? Evidence credible by the audience; of evidence have not been
(x3) there is sufficient detail to included; some data are
A. design and substance C. color and shape support the main points of relevant or credible but
the argument inaccurate
B. drama and emotions D. science and math
sentences flow smoothly,
Clarity/ majority of ideas expressed
10. Which of the following is true about visual aids? Conciseness
are structurally correct,
are awkward, incorrectly
and convey the intended
(x2) constructed, or wordy
meaning; no wordiness
A. They aid the blind to understand the presentation.
B. They help presenters show their idea to the audience. content, structure, and
argument is missing a
C. They only represent definition of complex words. Strategy/ language of argument
substantial portion of content
Audience are geared to intended
D. They provoke violent emotions among the audience. required by audience
audience

11. Which of the following is a DON’T in presentations?

A. use big font sizes C. use distracting animations

B. keep the background simple D. use less words

12. Which of the following is true about using a whiteboard/blackboard as

a visual aid?

A. It is used to show a random order of ideas.

B. Make sure that the audience does not finish writing what is written
on the board to keep them focused.
C. Make sure to overlap information to prove the complexity of a topic.
D. It is used to emphasize or give importance to keywords.

4 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 49

 Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
Uses a clear voice Voice is clear. Voice is low.
Mumbles,
and correct, precise Student Student
mispronounces
pronunciation pronounces most mispronounces
terms, and speaks
Elocution of terms so that words correctly. terms. Audience
too quietly for a
answer key

all audience Most audience members have

majority of students
members can hear members can hear difficulty hearing
to hear.
presentation. presentation. presentation.
CONTENT
Demonstrates full
Uncomfortable with Does not have grasp
knowledge by At ease with
information and of information;
Subject answering all class expected answers
is able to answer student cannot
Knowledge questions with to all questions,

48 why do i need to believe in science?

only rudimentary answer questions
explanations and without elaboration.
questions. about subject.
elaboration.
Presents Audience has Audience cannot
Presents
information in difficulty following understand
information in
logical, interesting presentation presentation
Organization logical sequence
sequence which because student because there is
which audience can
audience can randomly jumps no sequence of
follow.
follow. between topics. information.
Student’s
Presentation has Presentation has
Presentation has presentation has
no more than two three misspellings
Mechanics no misspellings or four or more
misspellings and/or and/or grammatical
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or
grammatical errors. errors.
grammatical errors.
ideas?
Module 1

or idea?
C. video

C. culture
D. idolatry
A. tradition
B. flip chart

A. fault finding

D. risk reduction
B. misconception
D. artefacts/props
A. voice recording

B. pointing fingers
C. error correction
13. Which of the following is NOT an example of a visual aid?

14. Which of the following refers to wrong perceptions about beliefs or

15. Which of the following refers to rectifying misconceptions about a belief

why do i need to believe in science? 5

 LESSON 1

explain

AE-A.2).
the

6 why do i need to believe in science?

Setting the Path

reas on
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

LS2SC-SM-PSB-LE/AE/JHS-2);

(LS2SC-SM-PSB-LE/AE/JHS-2); and
b ehind
practices at home and in the community
identify superstitious beliefs and

traditions to daily life (LS5US-NI-PSC-

describe the effect of beliefs and
observing beliefs and traditions
How Do I Get Bad Luck?

Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
NONVERBAL SKILLS

Holds attention of Uses direct

Displays minimal
entire audience eye contact No eye contact with
eye contact with
with the use of with audience audience as entire
Eye Contact audience while
direct eye contact, consistently, but report is read from
reading mostly
answer key

seldom looks at still returns to notes.

from the notes.
notes. notes.

Very little
Movements seem Movements or
Body movement or No movement or
fluid and help the gestures enhance
Language descriptive descriptive gestures.
audience visualize. articulation.
gestures.

Makes minor
Displays relaxed, Displays mild Displays tension and
mistakes, but
TREADING THE ROAD TO MASTERY

self-confident tension; has trouble nervousness; has

Poise quickly recovers
nature about self, recovering from trouble recovering
from them; displays
with no mistakes. mistakes. from mistakes.
little or no tension.

VERBAL SKILLS
Demonstrates a
strong, positive Occasionally shows Shows some Shows absolutely
Enthusiasm feeling about positive feelings negativity toward no interest in topic
topic during entire about topic. topic presented. presented.
presentation.
PAGE 27

why do i need to believe in science? 47

 CRITERION Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Needs Improvement (2) Poor (1)
The composition of The composition of the
The composition of the
the poster/slides poster/slides shows a
poster/slides shows a The composition is not
shows a visual balance visual balance among
visual balance among text, balanced. Excessive
among text, pictures, text, pictures, art,
ACTIVITY II

pictures, art, graphics, and use of white space or

art, graphics, and graphics, and white
Layout/ white space some of the text, pictures, art, and
white space. Color space most of the time.
Color time. Color and contrast graphics. Lacks color.
answer key

and contrast attract Color and contrast

attract attention and guide Lacks contrast. The
attention and guide attract attention and
the reader some of the visual aid is cluttered
the reader. The guide the reader most of
time. The visual aid lacks and lacks neatness.
visual aid is neat and the time. The visual aid is
neatness or is cluttered.
uncluttered. neat and uncluttered.
A sufficient number An adequate number Almost all pictures,
A minimal number of
of pictures, artwork, of pictures, artwork, artwork, and graphics
pictures, artwork, and
and graphics are and graphics are clearly are not related to

46 why do i need to believe in science?

graphics are randomly
Visuals deliberately related to related to the topic. the topic. Almost all
related to the topic. Some
the topic, and large Most are large enough are too small to be
are large enough to be
enough to be seen to be seen from 6 feet distinguished from 6
seen from 6 feet away.
from 6 feet away. away. feet away.
Fonts are not
Fonts are consistent, Most fonts are Some fonts are consistent,
consistent, illegible,
legible, and easy to consistent, legible, and legible, and easy to
and difficult to read
Text read from 6 feet away. easy to read from 6 feet read from 6 feet away.
from 6 feet away.
Elements Background colors away. Background colors Background colors
Background colors
enhance readability of enhance readability of enhance readability of
make text difficult to
all text. most text. some text.
read.
No errors in grammar, Few errors in grammar, Multiple errors in
Grammar Some errors in grammar,
capitalization, capitalization, spelling, capitalization,
and capitalization, punctuation,
punctuation, and punctuation, and punctuation, usage
Mechanics and spelling.
PAGE 26

spelling. spelling. and grammar.

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Lesson 1

you actually practice.

with them? Why? Why not?

You point with your lips.
TRYING THIS OUT

You say "Ha" instead of "What."

You say "open" or "close" the light.

You put hot dogs in your spaghetti.

You dip bread in your morning coffee.

You say "Hoy" to get someone’s attention.

your life and identity as a Filipino? Why?

You say "brownout" instead of "blackout."
You have a dipper (tabo) in the bathroom.

Your "baon" is usually something over rice.

You turn around when someone says "Psst."

3. Ask a family member or a friend to play with you.

1. Ask a family member or a friend to play with you.

You never eat the last bite of food on the table.

such "Deng-Deng," Ling-Ling," or "Bing-Bing."

b. Who taught you to observe these beliefs/habits?

You consistently arrive 30 minutes late for all events.

You have aunts and uncles named "Baby," "Girlie," or "Boy."

You use your fingers to measure the water when cooking rice.

a. Why do you practice these common Filipino traditions/beliefs?

4. Question: What are the common answers to each question? Do you agree
You have two to three pairs of slippers (tsinelas) at your doorstep.

You have a family member that has a nickname that repeats itself
traditions/ beliefs. What both of you need to do is to count how many

c. Do you consider traditions/beliefs/habits as important parts of

2. Inform the person that you are going to enumerate common Filipino

You order things such as tapsilog, tosilog, or longsilog at restaurants.

why do i need to believe in science? 7

 Lesson 1 answer key
Understanding What You Did LESSON II: HOW DO I MAKE PEOPLE BELIEVE WHAT I SAY?
For most of us, if not all of us, the way we live is a reflection of what SHARPENING YOUR SKILLS PAGE 21
we were taught to do while we were growing up. The main reason why we, ACTIVITY I
Filipinos, do almost the same practices is because majority of us are doing
CRITERION Exemplary (2) Proficient (1)
it. One of the things that Filipinos are commonly known for, aside from the
argument is clearly supported some evidence is provided, but
habits mentioned earlier, is our strict observance of superstitions.
by accurate evidence information is not fully explained;
Support/
considered credible by the important pieces of evidence
A superstition (pamahiin in Filipino) is a belief, half-belief, or simply Evidence
audience; there is sufficient have not been included; some
(x3)
a practice that seems to have no concrete (visible) evidence to its usefulness. detail to support the main data are relevant or credible but
We are aware that once we hear the words pregnancy, wedding, death, points of the argument inaccurate

or traveling, we would be able to hear our relatives mentioning different sentences flow smoothly,
Clarity/ majority of ideas expressed are
superstitions to keep us safe and lucky. Some common superstitions include: Conciseness
are structurally correct, and
awkward, incorrectly constructed,
convey the intended meaning;
(x2) or wordy
no wordiness

content, structure, and argument is missing a substantial

Strategy/
1. If you step over people while Audience
language of argument are portion of content required by
they are lying down, they will geared to intended audience audience

not grow taller.

2. If three people are

photographed together, the
person in the middle will die
first.

8 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 45

 answer key Lesson 1

PRE-ASSESSMENT PAGE 2
1. A 11. C
2. B 12. D 3. If you go to bed hungry, your
3. C 13. A spirit will leave your body to
4. D 14. B look for food and will never
5. A 15. C come back.
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B 4. If you get a wound from any
accident, all the food you have
LESSON I: HOW DO I GET BAD LUCK? eaten (especially rice) or even
trains and horses will come
SHARPENING YOUR SKILLS PAGE 11
out of it.
ACTIVITY I AND ACTIVITY II
CRITERION Exemplary (2) Proficient (1)
argument is clearly supported
some evidence is provided, but
by accurate evidence
Support/ information is not fully explained;
considered credible by the
Evidence important pieces of evidence have
audience; there is sufficient
(x3) not been included; some data are 5. If you go to sleep with wet
detail to support the main
relevant or credible but inaccurate
points of the argument hair, you will wake up crazy,
sentences flow smoothly, are
Clarity/ majority of ideas expressed are bald, or blind.
structurally correct, and convey
Conciseness awkward, incorrectly constructed,
the intended meaning; no
(x2) or wordy
wordiness
content, structure, and argument is missing a substantial
Strategy/
language of argument are portion of content required by
Audience
geared to intended audience audience

6. If you ever get lost in any

TREADING THE ROAD TO MASTERY PAGE 14
place, just wear your clothes
1. S 6. T inside out to find your way
2. S 7. T back.
3. T 8. S
4. S 9. S
5. T 10. S

44 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 9

 Lesson 1 Module 1

7. When you drop a spoon while 11. Bananas and eggs are good sources of nutrients for pregnant
you are eating, a woman will mothers.
visit you. If it is a fork, a man is 12. Pregnant women should not sew or step over ropes to avoid
coming instead. labor difficulties or having cesarean sections.
13. Dark spots on the nape, neck, groin, face, and armpits are
telltale signs that the baby will be a boy
14. Fraternal twins are produced by the fertlization of two egg cells
by different sperm cells.
15. The best way to find out what a baby will look like is through
8. If you point your finger at a tree
4D ultrasounds.
especially during nighttime,
you have to bite your finger or
you will have bad luck.

9. If you jump once the clock

strikes midnight on New Year’s
Eve, you will grow taller.

Number 11?
Letter K?

10. If you bite your tongue,

someone is thinking of you.

10 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 43

 Module 1 lesson 1
Reach The Top Sharpening Your Skills
You are almost done! On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following I. Directions: Interview your relatives, friends, or people in the
questions. community. Ask them about superstitions that they practice before,
during, or after a wedding. For each superstition, ask them about their
The statements below were adapted from a pregnancy article from the Makati belief on such. What will happen to a person if he/she disobeys this
Medical Center. Write SUPER if the statement refers to a superstition, and superstition? Complete the table below using the information you
SCIENCE if it refers to a scientific explanation. gathered during the interview. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Chocolate or any dark-colored food will give the baby a darker
complexion, while milk will give a lighter complexion.
WEDDING SUPERSTITION BELIEF
2. Cortisol is a hormone released by people under stress. A
pregnant’s placenta surrounding the baby can also release this 1.
hormone which can enter the amniotic fluid in small amounts 2.
and change the metabolism of the baby.
3.
3. A baby’s neck can be wrapped around by an umbilical cord if
the mother wears accessories around her own neck. 4.
4. Pregnant women should not attend funerals because it might 5.
cause the baby to die.
5. Attending funeral might cause angry spirits to take the baby
away.
6. The umbilical cord can wrap around the baby’s neck during
the second and third trimester because of the baby’s own
movements.
7. Eating eggs with twin yolks increases the possibility of having
twin babies.
8. Identical twins are produced when a single embryo splits into
two after fertilization.
9. The only way to check the baby’s gender is through an
ultrasound.
10. Genetics, family history, fertility, and treatments such as IVF
(In-Vitro Fertilization) play a great role in determining the
possibility of having twin babies.

42 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 11

 Lesson 1 Module 1
Explore more
For additional activities related to the topics of this module, these resources
may be helpful:

6 Public Speaking Tips to Hook Any Audience

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8GvTgWtR7o

Figure 1.1. Common lucky charms mentioned in superstitions. Great Openings and Closings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyE1Kz0e--0
To a lesser extent, people develop their own superstitions. For example,
students who receive a high score from a test after using a particular color How to Give a Great Presentation
of pen or wearing a certain pair of socks will now form a belief that if they https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnIPpUiTcRc
use the same pen or pair of socks for the succeeding tests, they will get the
same results. This, too, can be passed on to other people. Popular examples Presenting With Confidence (Part 1): Designing Visual Aids
of these lucky charms are the four-leaf clover, golden horseshoe, lucky cat, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1O40jvmYGw
and good luck fish.
Superstitions Quiz
Even in today’s world https://www.baamboozle.com/game/400
of advanced technology and
evidence-based conversations, Where Do Superstitions Come From?
a few people would still https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quOdF1CAPXs
admit to holding on to certain
superstitions. Although irrational,
they continue believing in such
because they see no harm in
following them. Regardless of
whether it is religious or personal,
society’s belief on superstitions
stems from passing of culture
from one generation to the next. Figure 1.2. Tradition involves passing
This process of preserving culture customs, beliefs, and practices from
by handing over customs, beliefs, one generation to another.
and practices is called tradition.

12 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 41

 Module 1 Lesson 1

“ •

•
There are multiple ways to present a topic. Visual
aids are used to complement information in your
presentation.

Although superstitious beliefs are often harmless, the

argument for separating error detection and error
correction applies beyond superstition.

• It is important to recognize error detection and error

correction as separate processes because fixing an error
effectively depends on understanding where things are
breaking down. “ Questionable as these superstitions may be, people still continue
believing in them. Despite the lack of evidence, many people see superstitions
to be based more on cultural habit than conscious belief. No one is born
knowing what is lucky or unlucky, but if you are raised to believe that there
are such beliefs, it will make you uncomfortable to do unlucky things even
if you logically understand their possibilities. But, believing that good luck
works can help you be better by giving you the idea of control over the events
in your life. Confidence does make a difference.

II. Directions: Go back to wedding superstitions. Ask the same people

(or people who share the same beliefs) why they choose to practice
these superstitions in the family/community. Do they also use lucky
charms? If so, what are they and why do they use such? If not, why?
How does it affect them in their daily life? Analyze their answers and
write a summary on a separate sheet of paper.

40 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 13

 lesson 1 Module 1
TREADING THE road to mastery Don’t Forget

“
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write S if the statement refers to a
superstition and T if it is a tradition.

1. John does not sweep the floor at night to avoid sweeping away
fortune.
• Superstition is a belief, half-belief, or practice for
which there appears to be no rational substance.
2. Gino dropped a spoon while eating. A spoon signifies a female.
He calls his mom to ask if she is going to visit him that day. • Many people, in nearly all times, have held, seriously or
3. Enrico teaches his son to wake up early so he could prepare for half-seriously, irrational beliefs concerning methods of
school, just like how his father taught him. warding off ill or bringing good fortune, foretelling the
4. Nanette wants to eat twin bananas when she gets pregnant so she future, and healing or preventing sickness or accident.
could have twin babies with William.
5. Monique brings her grandmother’s signature adobo during family • Superstition has been deeply influential in history. Even
reunions to keep her memories alive. in so-called modern times when objective evidence is
6. Louie is reminded to ask for blessing from Grace’s parents before highly valued, there are few people who would still
proposing to her. cherish one or two irrational beliefs or superstitions.
7. Jesse inherits a watch from his father to remember to make time
for family. • Tradition was the name given to those cultural features
8. Ermil was born with a mole on his foot. He will be traveling for which, in situations of change, were to be continued to
most of his life. be handed on, thought about, preserved, and not lost.
9. Lyn doesn’t want black cats since it can bring death to the people
living in her apartment. • There are seven stages in planning a presentation:
10. Angela is careful not to break her mirror since it might give her 1) preparation;
bad luck for 7 years. 2) choosing your main points;
3) choosing your supporting information;
4) establishing linking statements;
5) developing an opening;
6) developing a conclusion; and
7) reviewing your presentation.
“
14 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 39
 Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
Lesson 3

Uses a clear voice Voice is clear. Voice is

Mumbles,
and correct, precise Student low. Student
mispronounces
pronunciation pronounces most mispronounces
terms, and speaks
Elocution of terms so that words correctly. terms. Audience
too quietly for a
all audience Most audience members have
majority of students
members can hear members can hear difficulty hearing
to hear.
presentation. presentation. presentation.
CONTENT
Demonstrates Does not
Uncomfortable with
full knowledge At ease with have grasp of
information and
Subject by answering all expected answers information;
is able to answer
Knowledge questions with to all questions, student cannot
only rudimentary
explanations and without elaboration. answer questions

38 why do i need to believe in science?

questions.
elaboration. about subject.
Presents Audience has Audience cannot
Presents
information in difficulty following understand
information in
logical, interesting presentation presentation
Organization logical sequence
sequence which because student because there is
which audience can
audience can randomly jumps no sequence of
follow.
follow. between topics. information.
Student’s
Presentation has Presentation has
Presentation has presentation has
no more than two three misspellings
Mechanics no misspellings or four or more
misspellings and/or and/or grammatical
grammatical errors. misspellings and/or
grammatical errors. errors.
grammatical errors.
LESSON 2

What I Say?
Setting the Path

DA/PS PSC- AE/JHS-66).

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

(LS1CS/EN-S-PSB- AE-12);

deliver an effective oral presentation

LS6DC-DA/PS PSC- AE/JHS-66); and
visual aid (LS1CS/EN-S-PSB- AE-12,
thoughts for an oral presentation

determine the properties of a good

explain how to plan and organize

(LS1CS/EN-S-PSB-AE-15, LS6DC-
How Do I Make People Believe

why do i need to believe in science? 15

 me?”
one below.

interviewer.
Lesson 2

the tissue box.”

her? Why? Why not?

3. The interviewer then asks you…
TRYING THIS OUT

16 why do i need to believe in science?

4. Think of your answers for the two questions.

8. Question: Evaluate yourself. How can you do better?

1. You are applying as a sales vendor for a marketing company.

6. After your performance, ask for feedback from your interviewer.

2. As a challenge, the interviewer gives you a box of tissue just like the

5. Give your answers to anyone you know who can pretend to be your

7. Question: What are your interviewer’s feedback? Do you agree with him/
a. “Imagine that I am a customer. How can you sell the tissue box to

b. “Using your imagination, show me five things that I can do with

Needs
TRAIT Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
NONVERBAL SKILLS

Holds attention of Uses direct

Displays minimal
entire audience eye contact No eye contact
eye contact with
with the use of with audience with audience as
Eye Contact audience while
lesson 3

direct eye contact, consistently, but entire report is read

reading mostly
seldom looks at still returns to from notes.
from the notes.
notes. notes.

Very little
Movements seem Movements or No movement
Body movement or
fluid and help the gestures enhance or descriptive
Language descriptive
audience visualize. articulation. gestures.
gestures.

Makes minor Displays tension

Displays relaxed, Displays mild
mistakes, but and nervousness;
self-confident tension; has trouble
Poise quickly recovers has trouble
nature about self, recovering from
from them; displays recovering from
with no mistakes. mistakes.
little or no tension. mistakes.
evaluation. Remember the tips given to you in Lesson 2.

VERBAL SKILLS
Demonstrates a
strong, positive Occasionally shows Shows some Shows absolutely
Enthusiasm feeling about positive feelings negativity toward no interest in topic
topic during entire about topic. topic presented. presented.
presentation.
TREADING THE road to mastery
Directions: Present your topic (oral presentation) to your teacher for

why do i need to believe in science? 37

 Lesson 3 Lesson 2
Understanding What You Did
consistent, illegible,

punctuation, usage,
and difficult to read

Background colors
enhance readability of enhance readability of make text difficult
from 6 feet away.

Multiple errors

capitalization,

and grammar.
Fonts are not

Convincing people to buy a product that you are selling is a difficult

in spelling,
Poor (1)

to read.
task especially if they do not appreciate the importance of the product.
Vendors face this everyday. They are expected to make their potential
customers realize that they urgently need the product being sold.

Just like a vendor, you are also convincing people in normal

Improvement (2)

consistent, legible,

Background colors

conversations. When talking to friends, you share stories that are interesting
from 6 feet away.

punctuation, and
and easy to read
Some fonts are

capitalization,
Some errors
in grammar,

and can entertain them. When helping a friend study for an exam, you make
some text.

spelling.
Needs

sure that you are convincing enough so your friend can trust you and believe
that what you are saying is true.
consistent, legible,

Background colors
from 6 feet away.

punctuation, and
and easy to read
Proficient (3)

Most fonts are

capitalization,
in grammar,
Few errors
most text.

spelling.
read from 6 feet away.

enhance readability of

No errors in grammar,
Fonts are consistent,
legible, and easy to

Background colors

punctuation, and
Exemplary (4)

capitalization,

spelling.
all text.

Figure 2.1. Convincing a customer to buy a product that you are selling.

In the school or office, professionals like teachers, scientists, and

marketers need to plan good oral presentations to make sure their audience
Text Elements

Grammar and

(students, co-workers, buyers) will believe them. To make sure that you
Mechanics
Criterion

are also as convincing as they are, there are seven stages that you need to
remember:

36 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 17

 •

•
•

•
•
•
•
Lesson 2

topics?
topics?
Preparation

(objectives)

look like? (design)

and objectives. Ask yourself:

Choosing Your Main Points

18 why do i need to believe in science?

How should the topics be arranged?

agree with the main topics. Ask yourself:

Choosing Your Supporting Information
How are the topics related to each other?
• Who is going to see my presentation? (audience)

know your topics and their relationships. Ask yourself:

• What can catch the attention and interest of my audience?

How are the topics related to the objectives of the presentation?
In preparing for your presentation, you need to know your audience

• What information can I show to help the audience believe the

• What examples can I use to help the audience understand the
you need to know how you can make the audience believe and
What are the important topics in the presentation? (at least three)
In choosing the main points for your presentation, you need to
• What should the audience need to learn in my presentation?

• Based on my audience and objectives, how should my presentation

In choosing the supporting information for your presentation,

II.

Needs
CRITERION Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
The composition of
The composition
Lesson 3

the poster/slides The

of the poster/
The composition of the shows a visual composition is
slides shows a
poster/slides shows a balance among not balanced
visual balance
visual balance among text, pictures, art, Excessive
among text,
text, pictures, art, graphics, and white use of white
pictures, art,
graphics, and white space some of the space or text,
your own visual aid.

Layout/ graphics, and

space most of the time. time. Color and pictures, art,
Color white space. Color
Color and contrast contrast attract and graphics.
and contrast
attract attention and attention and Lacks color.
attract attention
guide the reader most of guide the reader Lacks contrast.
and guide the
the time. The visual aid some of the time. The visual aid
reader. The visual
is neat and uncluttered. The visual aid lacks is cluttered and
aid is neat and
neatness or is lacks neatness.
uncluttered.
cluttered.

The composition of the

A sufficient A minimal number Almost all
poster/slides shows a
number of of pictures, pictures,
visual balance among
pictures, artwork, artwork, and artwork, and
text, pictures, art,
and graphics graphics are not
graphics, and white graphics are
are deliberately related to the
Visuals space most of the time. randomly related
related to the topic. Almost all
Color and contrast to the topic. Some
topic, and large are too small to
attract attention and are large enough
enough to be be distinguished
guide the reader most of to be seen from 6
seen from 6 feet. from 6 feet
the time. The visual aid feet away.
away. away.
is neat and uncluttered.
following the guide provided to you. Show them to your teacher for
evaluation. Refer to the criteria for evaluation below when assessing
Directions: Based on the topic you chose earlier, prepare visual aids

why do i need to believe in science? 35

 Lesson 3 Lesson 2

CRITERION Exemplary (2) Proficient (1)

• Establishing Linking Statements
In establishing linking statements for your presentation, you need
argument is clearly some evidence is provided, to know how you can smoothly move from one topic to another.
supported by accurate but information is not fully
Support/ evidence considered explained; important pieces Ask yourself:
Evidence credible by the audience; of evidence have not been • What are the similarities of the main points?
(x3) there is sufficient detail to included; some data are • How can the audience understand that all main points are related
support the main points of relevant or credible but
the argument inaccurate to each other?
• How can I make a good story from the main points?
sentences flow smoothly,
Clarity/ majority of ideas expressed
are structurally correct,
Conciseness are awkward, incorrectly
and convey the intended
(x2) constructed, or wordy
•
meaning; no wordiness
Developing an Opening
content, structure, and
Strategy/ language of argument
argument is missing a In developing an opening for your presentation, you need to know
substantial portion of content how to quickly catch the audience’s attention. Ask yourself:
Audience are geared to intended
required by audience
audience
• How will I introduce myself?
• How will I tell the audience about what I am going to talk about?
(title, subject)
• How will I introduce the objectives?
• How will I tell the audience about what they should do during
the presentation? (listen, take notes, read, ask questions)

• Developing a Conclusion
In developing a conclusion for your presentation, you need to
know how you can be memorable to the audience. Ask yourself:

• How can I review or summarize my presentation?

• How can I show the audience that I have achieved the objectives?
• How can I make the audience more curious about my presentation?

34 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 19

 Lesson 2 lesson 3

• Reviewing Your Presentation

Sharpening Your Skills
In reviewing your presentation, you need to double-check the I. Directions: Prepare a plan for an oral presentation following the seven
quality. Ask yourself: stages mentioned in Lesson 2. Choose one of the topics below:
• Does the order of topics make sense to the audience?
• Does the presentation achieve the objectives? • Why are there many mushrooms after a lightning strike?
• Is the presentation too long or too short? • Why is it bad for pregnant women to put nail polish?
• Is the presentation interesting or boring? • Why are women not allowed to read after they give birth?

On a separate sheet of paper, write your answer below for each step (see
guide questions in Lesson 2).

Who are my • Preparation

audience? • Choosing Your Main Points
• Choosing Your Supporting Information
What would be How can I form • Establishing Linking Statements
a great topic? a story? • Developing an Opening
• Developing a Conclusion
• Reviewing Your Presentation
How do I How
WHAT IS THE should my Use the rubric found on the next page to assess your own presentation.
catch the
attention of PRESENTATION presentation
my audience? ABOUT? look like?

Should I put What would

pictures? How do I they learn?
prepare for a
good oral
presentation?

20 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 33

 Lesson 3 lesson 2

These two superstitions have already been considered myths based

Sharpening Your Skills
on scientific facts and fatal incidents. Being relatively closer to lightning, a
I. Directions: Prepare a plan for an oral presentation following the seven stages
tree is more likely to be struck, thus, staying under it increases your chances
mentioned in the lesson. Choose one of the topics below:
of being electrocuted. On the other hand, unlike the popular superstition,
lightning can and does strike the same place twice, maybe even more than
that especially if the object is tall, pointed, or isolated. High-rise buildings • Who is my real-life superhero?
such as the Empire State Building have been struck by lightning multiple • What is my favorite movie?
times. • What is my dream vacation?

Write your answer for each step on a separate sheet of paper (see guide
questions in the previous pages).

• Preparation
• Choosing Your Main Points
• Choosing Your Supporting Information
• Establishing Linking Statements
• Developing an Opening
• Developing a Conclusion
• Reviewing Your Presentation

Sometimes, the problem is not that people lack the information

needed to recognize that they are making errors but that they are unable —
or unwilling — to correct them.

32 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 21

 Lesson 2 Lesson 3

Design is one of the elements to consider when planning for your • A full moon affects the pull of gravity on earth. A stronger gravity during
presentation. A design that is pleasing to the eyes is able to catch the a full moon causes stronger currents along bodies of water. These currents
attention of the audience. But, beauty is not the only basis. Substance is pull fish toward the surface of the water and allow fishermen to get more
equally important. This means that your design should also be able to help catch.
the audience understand what you are trying to teach them.

Visual aids are powerful tools in making memorable presentations.

Instead of simply relying on words, visual aids help you “show” your idea to
the audience. By using such, you are going beyond just describing, discussing,
and explaining.

While both superstitions are partly correct, both are still partly wrong.
Since some Filipino fishermen are unaware of the scientific bases of the full
moon superstition, they are unable to take advantage of the situation.

Another instance is when

thunderstorms hit the country.
When people are out in the open
field, they would often tell baseless
superstitions about lightning
such as staying under a tree
because “it will protect you like
how a house would keep you safe
during a storm,” or to move to an
area where lightning had already
struck because as the saying goes,
A presentation with visual aids A presentation without visual “lightning never strikes the same
aids place twice.”

22 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 31

 Lesson 3 Lesson 2
Understanding What You Did There are different ways to share information in a presentation.
Examples include using photographs, tables, diagrams, drawing, keywords,
Though seen as harmless activities, finding what’s wrong (error
or video sequences. By analyzing your audience, you will be able to think of
detection) in superstitious beliefs and correcting them (error correction)
creative ways in catching their attention.
can benefit people who are restricted by these practices. An application of
error detection and error correction can be seen in the superstitious belief
in fishing. • POWERPOINT (OR EQUIVALENT)
Microsoft PowerPoint is the most popular form of visual aid. There
Some Filipino fishermen avoid
are general rules in creating PowerPoint presentations:
fishing under a full moon because
spirits are believed to be roaming
around bodies of water. Because Do... Don't...
of this, fish are scared to go to the
Use big font sizes Make texts too small that’s unreadable
surface. This leads to less fish being
(minimum: 27). even for you.
caught by fishermen. However, in
western superstitions, it is believed Use bright backgrounds that can hurt
that fish bite best during a full moon. Keep the background simple.
your eyes.

According to scientific studies, a full moon affects fishing phases in Use animations when needed. Use distracting animations.
the two instances:
Use less words. Use too much words or bullets.
• A full moon reflects more light on the water at night. Because of this, fish
can see better and eat more food. The reason behind seeing no fish during
a full moon is not because spirits have scared them away, but because they
can easily see their environment and swim away from fishermen when
they arrive.

30 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 23

 Lesson 2 Lesson 3
tryING this OUT
• WHITEBOARD/ BLACKBOARD
Whiteboards or blackboards are useful especially when you want to show 1. Look for photos of your mom, aunt, grandmother, and female friend/s
a sequence of ideas, emphasize keywords, and clarify difficult/complex before and during their pregnancy. Ask them if they knew what their
terms in the presentation. baby’s gender was while they were pregnant (even without having an
ultrasound).
Make sure, however, that:
1. Your audience are already finished copying what you have written
before cleaning the board; and
2. You have already erased other writings on the board before writing
new information.

ORE AFTER
BEF

• FLIP CHART
A flip chart is a large pad of paper 2. Question: Compare and contrast the before and during pregnancy photos
on a stand. It has similar uses to (at least 5) that you collected. It is said that a pregnant woman looks
a PowerPoint presentation. This beautiful and kind when she is having a baby girl. On the other hand,
visual aid is effective especially she looks ugly and cruel when she is delivering a baby boy. Do you have
when electricity is not readily the same observations? Why? Why not?
available.
3. Question: Ask moms that you know if they have ever rubbed their
pregnant belly. It is believed that when pregnant women rub their belly,
they will give birth to a spoiled child. Was this true for them? Explain.

4. Question: Based on your analysis, can you say that a superstition is a

fact? Why? Why not?

24 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 29

 LESSON 3 Lesson 2
Setting the Path
• VIDEO
A video catches the attention of REC

How Real Are Superstitions?

the audience because it shows
movements, pictures, and
sounds in your presentation.

Make sure that:

1. The video clip is helpful 00:02:43:59
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
to the information you are
presenting;
2. The audience understand what to focus on; and
3. The video clip is not too long.
explain the scientific bases of
common practices, beliefs, and
phenomena (LS2SC-SM-PSB- • ARTEFACTS OR PROPS
JHS-3); and Artefacts or Props help the
audience appreciate your
speak with clarity, conciseness, presentation because they can
and appropriateness (LS1CS/EN- go beyond just “imagining” an
S-PSB-AE-12,LS1CS/EN-S-PSB- idea by holding an object that
AE-15). is related to your topic.

Make sure that:

1. The object can be passed
around to groups in the
audience;
2. You provide enough time to
let everyone see and hold the
object; and
3. The object is hidden until
it is presented to keep the
focus of the audience.

28 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 25

 Lesson 2 lesson 2

II. Directions: Based on the topic you chose earlier, prepare a PowerPoint
TREADING THE road to mastery
presentation following the guidelines provided to you. Show it for your
Directions: Using your plan and visual aid, perform an oral presentation on
teacher to evaluate.
your chosen topic for your teacher to evaluate.

Remember the following tips for an effective oral presentation:

• Be excited in what you say. It makes your audience feel excited, too.
• Speak confidently. Convince your audience that you know what you
are saying. Always remember to show honesty and humility when
you do not know the correct answer when they ask you questions.
• Make eye contact with your audience to make them feel like you
are talking to them.
• Do not read from the screen because it is for the audience, not you.
• Explain your ideas clearly to help your audience understand what
you want to say.
• Pause to show three things:
1. importance of a particular information;
2. movement from one topic to the next; and
3. time for audience to catch up.
• Avoid filler words like “Uh,” “Uhm,” or “Like.” It tells your audience
that you are unprepared and unsure of what you are telling them.

26 why do i need to believe in science? why do i need to believe in science? 27