REVIEWER ℂ - Ordered Pairs

ALGEBRA ℕ - Natural Numbers

REAL NUMBERS RATIONAL NUMBERS

• PEMDAS – a mnemonic and not • It can be expressed in the form
𝑎
a rule. , wherein both a and b are both
𝑏
• Real Number – a number that integers, but b is not equal to
can be represented as a point zero.
on the number line.
• Bijection/one-to-one DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF
correspondence – every point RATIONAL NUMBERS
on the real number line 1. Terminating Decimals
corresponds to a real number • Which has a last digit.
and vice–versa 1
• Ex. 1,3, , -3.388, 0
• Set of real numbers – a set that 2

has two subsets: rational and 2. Non-terminating Repeating

irrational. Decimals
• Doesn’t have a last digit, but
keeps a repeating digit or
SYMBOLS: sequence.
1
• Ex. , 0.8333…, 0.833
ℝ - Real Numbers 3

ℚ - Rational Numbers
ℚ’ - Irrational Numbers IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

ℤ - Integers • NOT a rational number.

• Non-terminating and non-
- Comes from the German word repeating.
“Zahlen” which means
Ex. Pi, golden ratio, √2 , √3 , √5
number.
ℤ+ - Positive Integers
• Disjoint – set of rational
ℤ- - Negative Integers
numbers and the set of irrational
ℤ* - Non–negative Integers numbers.
𝕎 – Whole numbers
• Set of integers and non- Note: This proper means that even
integers. if you change the position of the
sum of product of two real
numbers, the answer will still be the
IMPORTANT SUBSETS OF THE same.
RATIONAL NUMBERS
• Associative Properties
- a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
1. Integers - a(bc) = (ab)c
- Positive, negative, zero Note: A property that says that the
- A set if whole numbers way in which factors are grouped in
- Set of non-negative integers a problem does not change the
- Zero is possible sum or the product.
2. Non-integers
• Distributive Properties
- Fractions and decimals
- a(b + c) = (ab) + (ac)
- (a + b)c = (ac) + (bc)
FIELD AXIOMS Note: This property states that
Field Axioms – a set of rules that multiplying the sum of two or more
works with real numbers. addends by a number produces the
same result as when each addend
Field – a non-empty set S, together is multiplied individually by the
with two operations (+ and x), that number and the products are
satisfy the following properties: added together.
• Closure Properties • Existence of Identity
- a+b∈S Elements
- axb∈S a. There exists an element e1 ∈
Note: This property means that any S such that:
real number that will be added or a + e1 = e1 + a = a for any
multiplied to another real number, a∈ S
the number will be always a real Note: e1 is equivalent to zero (0).
number.
• Commutative Properties
- a+b=b+a
- ab = ba
 b. There exists an element e2 ∈ {…,-3 , -2, -1 ,0,1, 2, 3, …}
S such that:
➢ Set of integers
a x e2 = e2 x a = a for any
a∈ S.
Note: e2 is equivalent to one (1) PROPERTIES OF
EQUIVALENCE RELATION
• For all x, y, z ∈ ℝ
• Existence of Inverse
Elements
a. For every element a∈ S, CARTESIAN PRODUCT
there exists an element x∈ S
such that • If two sets A = {a1, a2,…} and B
a + x = x + a = e1 = {b1, b2,…} is the set of A x B =
{(a, b) | a ∈A and b ∈B}.
Note: x is the opposite value of a

• Relation – is a subset of a
b. For every element a∈ S,
Cartesian Product.
(except a = e1), there exists
an element y∈ S such that
1. Reflexive Property
a x y = y x a = e2 ➢ x=x
Note: y is the reciprocal value of a
2. Symmetric Property
{1, 2, 3, …} ➢ If x = y, then y = x
- Set of counting numbers
- Set of natural numbers 3. Transitive Property
- Set of positive integers ➢ If x = y and y = z, then x = z

{0} U ℤ+ = {0, 1, 2, 3,…} DECIMAL TO FRACTIONS

325
- Set of whole numbers 0.325 = (lowest term if
1000
- Set of non-negative numbers possible)

{-1, -2, -3, …} 33 1

0.33 = 𝑜𝑟
99 3
➢ Set of negative integers
 ➢ a + c = b + c (APE)
0.866 = 0.8 + 0.66
➢ ac = bc (MPE)
8 66
= + ➢ a–c=b–c
10 990 𝑎 𝑏
13
➢ = if c ≠ 0
𝑐 𝑐
=
15

3. Properties Related to
3.33 = 3 + 0.33 Inequalities
33
=3+
99
➢ Trichotomy: If a,b ∈ ℝ, then
1 exactly of the following is true.
=3+
3
10 a<b
=
3
a=b
a>b
FRACTION TO DECIMAL
𝟏
= divide 1 by 3
𝟑 ➢ Let a,b,c, ∈ ℝ. If a<b, then a +
= 0.33 c < b + c. However
4 multiplication depends on the
= 0.571428 sign of c.
7

If c>0, then ac<bc

OTHER PROPERTIES OF REAL If =0, then ac = bc
NUMBERS
If c<0, then ac>bc

1. Zero Property
4. Density
➢ 0xa=ax0=0
➢ Let a,c ∈ ℝ such that a<c.
Then Ǝ b ∈ ℝ such that a<b<c.
2. Properties Related to
Equations
➢ Let a,b,c ∈ ℝ. If a = b, then all
of the following are true: