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1705 - Week 8 Lesson Note For JSS3 Mathematic1

The document provides lesson notes on solving simultaneous equations for a mathematics class. It defines simultaneous equations as two or more equations with the same variables. Two common methods for solving simultaneous equations are discussed: substitution and elimination. Examples of using both methods to solve simultaneous linear and quadratic equations are provided step-by-step.

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117 views4 pages

1705 - Week 8 Lesson Note For JSS3 Mathematic1

The document provides lesson notes on solving simultaneous equations for a mathematics class. It defines simultaneous equations as two or more equations with the same variables. Two common methods for solving simultaneous equations are discussed: substitution and elimination. Examples of using both methods to solve simultaneous linear and quadratic equations are provided step-by-step.

Uploaded by

imohammedpublications
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WEEK 8 LESSON NOTE FOR JSS3 MATHEMATICS

TOPIC: SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Solution of simultaneous equations by substitution method
ii. Solution by elimination method
iii. Applying substitution and elimination method of solving simultaneous equations to real life
activities.
What are simultaneous equations?
Simultaneous equations are two or more algebraic equations that share variables
e.g. x and y.

They are called simultaneous equations because the equations are solved at the same time.

For example, below are some simultaneous equations:

2x + 4y = 14

4x − 4y = 4

6a + b = 18

4a + b = 14

3h + 2i = 8

2h + 5i = −2

Each of these equations on their own could have infinite possible solutions.

However when we have at least as many equations as variables we may be able to solve
them using methods for solving simultaneous equations.
We can consider each equation as a function which, when displayed graphically, may
intersect at a specific point. This point of intersection gives the solution to the simultaneous
equations.

E.g. x+y=6−3x+y=2

Solving simultaneous equations

When solving simultaneous equations you will need different methods depending on what
sort of simultaneous equations you are dealing with.
There are two sorts of simultaneous equations you will need to solve:

a. linear simultaneous equations


b. quadratic simultaneous equations

A linear equation contains terms that are raised to a power that is no higher than one. E.g.
2x+5=0 …..(1)
2x+5=0 ….(1)
Linear simultaneous equations are usually solved by what’s called the elimination
method (although the substitution method is also an option for you).

Solving simultaneous equations using the elimination method requires you to first eliminate
one of the variables, next find the value of one variable, and then find the value of the
remaining variable via substitution. Examples of this method are given below. A quadratic
equation contains terms that are raised to a power that is no higher than two. E.g.
X^2−2x+1=0
X^2−2x+1=0

Quadratic simultaneous equations are solved by the


Substitution method.

1. 3x + y = 13
5x -2y = 7

2. The coefficient of y in Equation 1 is 1. So first we make y the subject of Equation 1:


y = 13 - 3x
Next, substitute this expression for y in Equation 2 and solve for x:

5x - 2(13 - 3x) = 7 Multiply out bracket

5x - 26 + 6x = 7 Combine like terms (x's on one side, numbers on the other)

11x = 33 Divide both sides by 11 to solve for x

x=3

3. Finally, substitute the solution for x into the expression for y:


y = 13 - 3(3) = 4
y=4
So the solution to the pair of simultaenous linear equations is (3,4).

4. 2x + 4y = 10
2x + y = 4
The coefficient of y in Equation 2 is 1. So first we make y the subject of Equation 2:
y = 4 - 2x
Next, substitute this expression for y in Equation 1 and solve for x:
2x + 4(4 - 2x) = 10 Multiply out bracket

2x + 16 - 8x = 10 Combine like terms (x's on one side, numbers on the other)

-6x = -6 Divide both sides by -6 to solve for x

x=1

5. Finally, substitute the solution for x into the expression for y:


y = 4 - 2(1) = 2
y=2
So the solution to the pair of simultaenous linear equations is (1,2).

6. x - 5y = 7
2x -4y = 8

The coefficient of x in Equation 1 is 1. So first we make x the subject of Equation 1:


x = 7 + 5y
Next, substitute this expression for x in Equation 2 and solve for y:

2(7 + 5y) - 4y = 8 Multiply out bracket

14 + 10y - 4y = 8 Combine like terms (y's on one side, numbers on the other)

6y = -6 Divide both sides by 6 to solve for y

y = -1

7. Finally, substitute the solution for y into the expression for x:


x = 7 + 5(-1) = 2
x=2
So the solution to the pair of simultaenous linear equations is (2,-1).

8. 2x + 4y = 12
x + 8y = 30
The coefficient of x in Equation 2 is 1. So first we make x the subject of Equation 2:
x = 30 - 8y
Next, substitute this expression for x in Equation 1 and solve for y:

2(30 - 8y) + 4y = 12 Multiply out bracket

60 - 16y + 4y = 12 Combine like terms (y's on one side, numbers on the other)

-12y = -48 Divide both sides by -12 to solve for y

y=4

9. Finally, substitute the solution for y into the expression for x:


x = 30 - 8(4) = -2
x = -2
So the solution to the pair of simultaenous linear equations is (-2,2).
10. 2x - 4y = 10
-4x+5y = -26
None of the coefficients are 1. So we can choose to make any variable the subject.
Lets make x the subject of Equation 1:
x = (10 + 4y)/2
x = 5 + 2y
Next, substitute this expression for x in Equation 2 and solve for y:
-4(5 + 2y ) + 5y = -26
-20 - 8y + 5y = -26
-3y = -6
y=2
Finally, substitute the solution for y into the expression for x:
x = 5 + 2(2) = 9
x=9
So the solution to the pair of simultaenous linear equations is (9,2).

11. 6x + 2y = 10
10x - 3y = 12
None of the coefficients are 1. So we can choose to make any variable the subject.
Lets make y the subject of Equation 2:
y = (12-10x)/(-3)
y = -4 + (10/3) x
Next, substitute this expression for y in Equation 1 and solve for x:
6x + 2(-4 + (10/3) x) = 10
6x - 8 + (20/3) x = 10
(38/3) x = 18
x = 18*(3/38) = 27/19
Finally, substitute the solution for x into the expression for y:
y = -4 + (10/3)/(27/19) = -4 + 270/57 = -228/57 = 270/57 = 42/57 = 14/19
So the solution to the pair of simultaneous linear equations is (27/19,5/19).

ELIMINATION METHOD

To solve the simultaneous equations, make the coefficients of one of the variables the same
value in both equations. Then either add the equations or subtract one equation from the
other (whichever is appropriate) to form a new equation that only contains one variable.
This is referred to as eliminating the variable.

Solve the equation thus obtained. Then substitute the value found for the variable in one of
the given equations and solve it for the other variable. Write the solution as an ordered pair.

Example 4

Solve the following simultaneous equations by using the elimination method:

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