GLOBAL ENGINEERING STANDARD

3PI99002*
Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Standard Revision 3
20 November 2008
Page 1 of 28

RESPONSIBLE GROUP: Mechanical Systems * Formerly 4PI99001A and NS01

CURRENT CONTACT: David V. Reitz

Denotes Revision

Table of Contents

Section Title Page

1. Purpose 2
2. Scope 2
3. Related Documents 2
4. Units of Measure 3
5. Designator System 3
6. Insulation Selection 4
7. Insulation System Material Specifications 6
8. Insulation Installation Specifications 6
9. Extent of Insulation 6
10. Function Number 1 - Prevention of Heat Gain 7
11. Function Number 2 - Prevention of Heat Loss 8
12. Function Number 3 - Personnel Protection 8
13. Function Number 4 - Prevention of Surface Condensation 9
14. Function Number 5 - Freeze Protection 9
15. Function Number 6 - Noise Attenuation 10
16. Oxygen Piping 11
17. Insulation Effects on Piping and Equipment Design 11
18. Insulation Thickness 12
19. Insulation and Heat Shield Weight 13
20. Winterization and Freeze Protection Method for Utility Lines 14

Appendix A Insulation Applications Guides 15

Table A1 Applications Guide by Designator 15
Table A2 Applications Guide by Normal Operating Temperature 17
Appendix B Insulation Thickness Tables 18
Table B1 Cold Conservation and Condensation Control/Reduction of Heat Gain for Low- 18
Temperature and Cryogenic Oxygen Piping and Equipment
Table B2 Heat Conservation for Hot and Dual-Temperature Oxygen Piping and Equipment 19
Table B3 Personnel Protection, Including Heat Shields for Hot Oxygen Piping and Equipment 20
Table B4 Heat Conservation for High-Temperature Piping and Equipment 21
Table B5 Personnel Protection, Including Heat Shields for Hot and High-Temperature Piping 22
and Equipment
Table B6 Heat Conservation for Dual-Temperature Piping and Equipment and Condensation 23
Control
Table B7 Personnel Protection, Including Heat Shields for Dual-Temperature Piping and 24
Equipment
Table B8 Freeze Protection and Temperature Maintenance for Piping and Equipment 25
Table B9 Cold Conservation and Condensation Control/Reduction of Heat Gain for Low- 26
Temperature and Cryogenic Piping and Equipment
Table B10 Insulation and Heat Shield Weight 27
Table B11 Insulation Jacket Weight 28
Table B12 Winterization of Cooling Water, Steam and Condensate, and Wet Air Systems 29

Authorization for this document is on file in the GEO Standards Department.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 2 of 28

1. PURPOSE

1.1 This global engineering standard provides information to allow selection of insulation system
material and installation specifications, insulation thickness, and methods of insulation.

2. SCOPE

2.1 This standard provides:

 Recommendations for selecting the appropriate type of insulation for piping and equipment
and information on insulation system specifications and insulation installation specifications
and their selection.

 Recommendations as to the extent of insulation installation.

 Recommendations for the requirements and limitations for personnel protection, for both hot
and cold surfaces.

 Recommendations for the thickness of insulation and for methods of plant utility freeze
protection.

 Detailed installation requirements, procedures, and material specifications are presented in

the engineering documents listed in Section 3.

3. RELATED DOCUMENTS

3.1 Air Products Engineering Documents

3EQ68001 Corrosion Protection Under Thermal Insulation

3PI99001 Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Guideline
4EL64402A Electric-Heat-Tracing Design Criteria
4WEL-P21 IEC Electrical Trace Heating Installation
4WEQ-1020 Insulation Supports for Warm- and High-Temperature Heat Exchangers and
Pressure Vessels
4WEQ-6804 Painting and Corrosion Protection for Design Temperatures to 649C (1200F)
4WPI-INS001 Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation System for Cold and Cryogenic Piping and
Equipment Material Symbol C
4WPI-INS002 Installation of Multi-Layer Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Piping with Cellular
Glass Symbol C1
4WPI-INS003 Installation of Single-Layer Thermal Insulation of Cold Piping with Cellular Glass
Symbol C4
4WPI-INS004 Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation System for Dual Temperature Piping and
Equipment Material Symbol D
4WPI-INS005 Installation of Single Layer Thermal Insulation of Dual Temperature Piping and
Equipment with Cellular Glass Symbols D2 and D3
4WPI-INS006 PIR (Polyisocyanurate Foam) Thermal Insulation System for Cold and
Cryogenic Piping and Equipment Material Symbol P
4WPI-INS007 Installation of Multi-Layer Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic Piping with PIR
(Polyisocyanurate Foam) Symbol P1
4WPI-INS008 Installation of Single-Layer Thermal Insulation of Cold Piping and Equipment
with PIR (Polyisocyanurate Foam) Symbol P4
4WPI-INS009 Mineral Fiber/Calcium Silicate Thermal Insulation System for High Temperature
Piping and Equipment, Material Symbol M
4WPI-INS010 Installation of Single/Multi-Layer Thermal Insulation of High Temperature Piping
and Equipment With Mineral Fiber/Calcium Silicate, Symbols M2 and M3
4WPI-INS011 Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulation System for Dual and Low Temperature Service
Piping and Equipment, Material Symbol N
4WPI-INS012 Installation of Single-Layer Thermal and Acoustic Insulation of Dual and Low
Temperature Piping and Equipment With Mineral Fiber, Symbols N2, N3, N4,
N5, V6, and X6

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 3 of 28

4WPI-INS013 Mineral Fiber Acoustic Insulation System for Piping and Equipment, Material
Symbols T, V, X and Y
4WPI-INS014 Installation of Multi-Layer Acoustic Insulation System of Piping and Equipment
With Mineral Fiber, Symbols T6 and Y6
4WPI-INS015 Heat Shields for Personnel Protection - Material Symbol H
4WPI-INS016 Installation of Heat Shields for Personnel Protection - Material Symbol H3
4WPI-INS017 Installation of Preinsulated Piping Systems - Symbols R1 and R4
4WPI-INS019 Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulation System for Hot Piping and Equipment, Material
Symbol F
4WPI-INS020 Installation of Single-Layer Thermal Insulation of Hot Piping and Equipment with
Mineral Fiber - Symbols F2 and F3
4WPI-INS021 Standard Preinsulated Piping System - Material Symbol R4
4WPI-INS022 Field-I Thermal Insulation System for Cold and Cryogenic Piping - Material
Symbol Q Material Symbol Q
4WPI-INS023 Installation of Field-I Thermal Insulation of Cryogenic and Cold Piping - Material
Symbol Q1
4WPI-INS024 Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation System for Dual Temperature Piping and
Equipment, Material Symbol L
4WPI-INS025 Installation of Multi-Layer Thermal Insulation of Dual Temperature Piping and
Equipment with Cellular Glass, Symbols L2 and L3

3.2 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

C 585 Standard Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal
Sizes of Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
 C 795 Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless
Steel
 C 1055 Standard Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that Produce Contact Burn Injuries

3.3 Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA)

104 Noise: A Guide to Information Required from Equipment Vendors (Formerly OCMA NWG-1)
140 Noise Procedure Specification (Formerly OCMA NWG-1)
141 Guide to the Use of Noise Procedure Specification (Formally OCMA NWG-3)

 Provided for background information only (not referenced in the text)

4. UNITS OF MEASURE

4.1 All pipe sizes are given in diameter nominal (DN) with nominal pipe size (NPS) in parentheses.

4.2 All dimensions are given in millimeters (mm) with inches (in) or feet (ft) in parentheses.

4.3 All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (C) with degrees Fahrenheit (F) in parentheses.

4.4 All other units are given in metric SI units with U.S. customary units in parentheses. Refer to
3PI99001 for conversion factors.

5. DESIGNATOR SYSTEM

5.1 Insulation designators are abbreviated descriptions used on engineering flowsheets, piping
drawings, insulation schedules, line lists, and other contract documents to identify the insulation
system, material type, and the methods of installation. The designator that is selected on the
basis of application and service consists of one letter, which gives the type of insulation system
material, and one number which gives the function of the installation. This is usually followed by
the thickness of insulation after an equals sign.

E.g., P1 = 80
where P is the Insulation System, 1 is the Function and 80 is the thickness in mm.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 4 of 28

5.2 Insulation System (materials) are as follows:

C = Cellular glass for cold and cryogenic service
D = Cellular glass for dual temperature services T ≤ 204º C
F = Mineral fiber (fiberglass or rock wool) for hot services
H = Heat shields for personnel protection
L = Cellular glass for dual temperature services T > 204º C
M = Mineral fiber (rock wool) / calcium silicate for high temperature services
N = Mineral fiber (fiberglass or rock wool) for low temperature services
P = PIR (polyisocyanurate foam) for cold and cryogenic services
R = Preinsulated (polyurethane with fiberglass jacket)
Q = Field installed (polyurethane with fiberglass jacket)
S# = Special Specification, where # is a material letter from this list, e.g., SM2 = 100
T = Mineral fiber for noise attenuation (thick aluminum jacket and lead layer) for oxygen
service
V = Mineral fiber for noise attenuation (thick aluminum jacket)
X = Mineral fiber for noise attenuation (thick aluminum jacket and acoustic barrier))
Y = Mineral fiber for noise attenuation (thick aluminum jacket, acoustic barrier and lead layer)
Z = Undefined Material (For use in SmartPlant P&ID)

5.3 Functions are as follows

1 = Prevention of heat gain
2 = Prevention of heat loss
3 = Personal protection
4 = Prevention of surface condensation
5 = Freeze protection (heat tracing)
6 = Noise attenuation (acoustic)

5.4 Since this system of insulation designators is only used by Air Products, the system shall be
explained in the Plant Insulation Summary or Insulation Contract. A list of each designator (e.g.,
P1) shall be equated to the Insulation System Specification and location of supply and the
Installation Specification. It is essential that all relevant specifications are given to the contractor.
It is insufficient to give the contractor only the system (material) specification, as the installation
details contain information essential to the correct functioning of the insulation.

5.5 Dual Temperature Service means a fluid operating condition that cycles from above to below
atmospheric dew point.

6. INSULATION SELECTION

6.1 Insulation adds considerably to the space required for piping layout and (in the case of cryogenic
and acoustic insulation) is costly to install. Insulation should only be specified where absolutely
required.

6.2 Appendix A, Table A1 provides a comprehensive guide for selecting the appropriate insulation or
personnel protection system and lists:
 Scope (i.e., piping or equipment) and Service (i.e., hot, cold, or noise attenuation)
 Function of the insulation.
 Insulation designator.
 Normal operating temperature range. (Maximum operating/design temperatures are not used
for selection purposes.)
 Maximum Material Temperature Range. (Maximum range over which the properties of the
basic insulation do not deteriorate. However, to use materials above or below their normal
operating temperature range requires evaluation of sealers, other considerations, and special
insulation specifications.)
 General material type and Air Products System Specification.
 Method of application and Air Products Installation Specification.
 Applicable thickness tables.
Appendix A, Table A2 gives similar information arranged by Normal Operating Temperature.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 5 of 28

6.3 Insulation and material specifications are divided into separate engineering specifications to
reduce overall document length, simplify revisions, and benefit from commonality of insulation
materials.

6.4 Appendix A lists the thickness table that applies to each insulation type. The thickness tables are
consolidated in this engineering standard to permit easier reference and access, simplify
revisions in response to changes in insulation or energy costs, and to benefit from the
commonality of required thicknesses between a number of the designator groups.

6.5 If the choice of material and installation is not clear from the statements in this document and
Appendix A, refer to 3PI99001 for guidance.

6.6 Compatibility with chemicals or oils should be considered when choosing insulation types. Some
materials (e.g., polyurethane intermediates, oils) interact with some insulation types to promote
combustion. Consult the local facility key limits and consequence documentation for further
guidance.

7. INSULATION SYSTEM MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

7.1 Air Products Insulation System Specifications are documents each of which give details of one
insulation material type and all the associated materials such as adhesives, mastics, sealers,
fixings, and jacketing. They also give the trade names of the items and the names and addresses
of suppliers and means of contact with these suppliers.

7.2 Since material availability differs from country to country and even some manufacturers differ in
the material they make in different countries, the lists cover different locations of supply. At the
moment the suppliers are given for both North America and for Europe, but it is anticipated that
other geographical areas will be added in future revisions of these documents.

7.3 The standard Insulation System Specifications are listed in Section 3 and Appendix A.

8. INSULATION INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS

8.1 Air Products Insulation Installation Specifications are documents each of which give details for the
installation of one insulation material type for either single-layer or multi-layer application. They
also give diagrams showing typical installations, which should be interpreted by the insulation
contractor for the particular configuration of the piping or equipment to be insulated. It is not
intended that these diagrams represent exactly every configuration and extent of insulation of
piping and equipment.

8.2 The standard Insulation Installation Specifications are listed in Section 3 and Appendix A.

9. EXTENT OF INSULATION

9.1 Insulation is used primarily for the following reasons:

 Prevent or control heat gain (cold conservation) on cold and cryogenic piping and equipment.
 Prevent or control heat loss (heat conservation) on hot piping and equipment.
 Provide personnel protection on either hot or cryogenic piping or equipment.
 Prevent or control surface condensation on cold piping and equipment.
 Provide freeze protection, including heat tracing applications.
 Provide noise attenuation.
 Provide fire protection.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 6 of 28

9.2 The following piping or components shall not be insulated:

 Cold or cryogenic liquid trailer fill lines.

 Pressure buildup unit (PBU) inlet lines.
 Cryogenic liquid pump back lines.
 Cryogenic pumps.
 Cold box dump and defrost lines to disposal headers.
 Cryogenic liquid disposal headers and defrost headers to a vaporizer unless personnel
protection is required over a road, walkway, platform, ladder or stairway.
 Piping directly after the vaporizer unless personnel protection is required over a road,
walkway, platform, ladder, or stairway.
 Cryogenic instrument piping after the first block valve to a drain, vent, or instrument, etc.,
unless personnel protection is required.
 Piping and equipment flanges operating over 455C (850F), if special alloy bolting is not
used to prevent bolt overstressing.
 All relief devices and their discharge lines.
 All steam traps and trap inlet piping, including drip legs.
 Steam trap and liquid condensate discharge lines discharging to atmosphere.
 All vessel and equipment drains, unless heat tracing is required. Discharge lines should be
continuously sloped to drain.
 Start-up bypass lines and valves. These lines are generally hot only during start-up and can
be subject to unnoticed outside surface corrosion when insulated. Therefore, short runs of
piping shall be provided with heat shields. Long, extensive runs of start-up lines shall be
evaluated on a case-by-case basis, using 3EQ68001 and 4WEQ-6804 as a basis for
establishing a safety hazard.
 Vessel skirts and saddles, unless required for personnel or fire protection.
 All flanges in hydrogen or flammable gas service unless suitable precautions are taken to
vent any gas leakage.
 All flanges operating under 455C (850F) and designated as having spectacle blinds shall
not receive permanent insulation. Removable insulation shall be used.
 All equipment and piping for which heat loss is desired (such as compressor discharge
piping), unless personnel protection is required.
 All internally insulated piping and equipment and vacuum-jacketed piping and equipment.
 All valve operators and glands.
 Equipment nameplates.

10. FUNCTION NUMBER 1 – PREVENTION OF HEAT GAIN

10.1 Prevention of heat gain or cold/cryogenic conservation of piping or equipment is required to

maintain the process or product at the required low temperature. The primary insulation system of
choice for Air Products owned and operated facilities in the Americas is R1 or in Asia it is Q1. The
primary insulation system of choice for other facilities (i.e., Europe and SOE) is P1 or P4 except
when oxygen fluids may be present, see section 16, when cellular glass C1 or C4 is preferred.

10.2 Materials such as mineral fiber, calcium silicate, and other open cell insulations are not suitable
for temperatures below -40C (F).

10.3 Refer to Appendix A for selection of insulation and specifications.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 7 of 28

11. FUNCTION NUMBER 2 – PREVENTION OF HEAT LOSS

11.1 Prevention of heat loss or heat conservation of piping or equipment is required to maintain the
process or product at the required high temperature. The primary material choice is mineral fiber
F2, M2, or N2 except when oxygen fluids may be present, see section 16, when cellular glass D2
or L2 is preferred. M2 allows the choice between rock wool and calcium silicate. N2 is also
suitable for dual temperature service such as TSA systems (Temperature Swing Adsorber)
molecular sieve vessels and piping.

11.2 Materials such as PIR and other foam insulation materials (except cellular glass) are not suitable
for high temperatures.

11.3 Refer to Appendix A for selection of insulation and specifications.

12. FUNCTION NUMBER 3 – PERSONNEL PROTECTION

12.1 All otherwise uninsulated piping and equipment below -20C (-4F) and above 60C (140F) shall
be insulated or shielded for personnel protection where personnel may contact them in the
normal course of their duties or where they run within reach of platforms, gangways, ladders, or
stairways.

12.2 Hot Surfaces

12.2.1 When providing personnel protection, insulation thickness is limited to that which will protect
people from being burned by the heat of the hot surface. Air Products recognizes 60C (140F)
as the limit above which personnel protection is required. The thickness table for personnel
protection is based on ensuring this limit.

12.2.2 A preferred form of personnel protection is the use of heat shields H3 or guards to prevent
personnel from coming in contact with hot surfaces that operate above 60C (140F).

12.2.3 For Air Products-owned and -operated facilities, heat shields H3 shall be used for personnel
protection on hot and high-temperature piping up to and including DN200 (NPS 8) when the
required insulation thickness exceeds 25 mm (1 in). Pipe sizes larger than DN200 (NPS 8) shall
use heat shields only. Heat shields shall also be used for personnel protection on hot and high-
temperature equipment. Heat shields are more robust and take more abuse over years of
exposure than insulation, but have a higher initial cost.

12.2.4 For sale of equipment facilities and where heat shields are not used on Air Products facilities as
described above, insulation F3, M3, or N3 (not heat shields) shall be used exclusively for
personnel protection of piping. For oxygen piping and equipment, the insulation should preferably
be D3 or L3. M3 allows the choice between rock wool and calcium silicate. N3 is also suitable for
dual temperature service. However for large vessels and other equipment where the only access
is via ladders and platforms, local heat shields shall be used if they are more economical than
insulating the whole vessel or equipment.

12.2.5 When required insulation for personnel protection from non-oxygen piping and equipment shall be
installed on all equipment and piping within any normally accessible operating area that operates
continuously or intermittently at a temperature above 60C (140F), using the thicknesses required by
Table B5 or B7, as follows:

 Horizontal pipe when the bottom of the pipe is lower than 2500 mm (8 ft) above grade or platform.
 All portions of vertical pipe up to an elevation of 2500 mm (8 ft) above grade or platform.
 All equipment surfaces located lower than 2500 mm (8 ft) above grade or platform.
 All piping and equipment surfaces adjacent to and within 1200 mm (4 ft) of a working
platform or stairway and within 800 mm (2 ft 8 in) of a ladder.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 8 of 28

12.2.6 When required, insulation for personnel protection of oxygen piping shall be installed using the
thicknesses required by Table B3 for cellular glass, using the same criteria listed in paragraph
12.2.5.

12.3 Cryogenic Piping

12.3.1 Personnel protection can be provided by insulating the pipe or equipment if it is not required to be
insulated for control of heat gain. A potential hazard for uninsulated cryogenic piping is created
when the ice that has formed when the pipe is cold begins to fall off as the pipe is warmed. If the
pipe is located over walkways or access areas, the ice can fall on personnel in the area.

12.3.2 Consideration should be given to the following issues when determining if personnel protection
insulation is required:

 Is ice likely to build up to such an extent that it will place excessive stresses on piping?
 Ice build-up is unsightly and can hide defects and pipe damage.
 Will ice build-up be local to walkways or personnel access areas and hence be a hazard by
causing slippery surfaces or falling from overhead?
 If the plant cryogenic dump header has to be routed on a piperack, insulation will be required
to protect the carbon steel rack structure from coming into contact with cryogenic
temperatures.

12.3.3 Normally uninsulated cryogenic piping shall be installed at grade level, to the maximum extent
possible. When piping must be elevated to clear walkways or access aisles, ice pans, troughs, or
wire nets shall be installed under the piping to provide personal protection.

12.3.4 When a line must be insulated because of personnel access, the line shall be insulated using the
full thickness of insulation required to prevent surface condensation (see Tables B1 and B9).

12.3.5 The following lines do not require insulation:

 Trailer fill lines or storage tanks.

 PBU inlet lines, unless required by Process Engineering due to marginal line size.
 Liquid pump back lines.

13. FUNCTION NUMBER 4 – PREVENTION OF SURFACE CONDENSATION

13.1 Piping and equipment operating below the dew point will have water condense on the outer
surfaces. Whether this will damage the piping, equipment, their surroundings or environment, or
constitute a safety hazard shall be considered.

13.2 Surface condensation will not normally be a problem and therefore insulation will not normally be
required.

13.3 For facilities that do require prevention of condensation (sometimes referred to as anti-sweat),
either because of safety considerations or customer specification, insulation with a vapor barrier
N4 shall be used. The insulation types C4, D2, D3, L2, L3, N2, N3, P4, R4, T6, V6, X6, and Y6
used for other reasons can also prevent surface condensation.

14. FUNCTION NUMBER 5 – FREEZE PROTECTION

14.1 When piping or equipment requires insulation without heat tracing for protection from low or
freezing ambient temperatures according to Section 20 and Tables B8 and B12, insulation with a
vapor barrier N5 shall be used. The insulation types C4, D2, D3, L2, L3, N2, N3, P4, R4, T6, V6,
X6, and Y6 used for other reasons can also protect against freezing.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 9 of 28

14.2 When piping or equipment requires insulation with Heat Tracing (HT) by Tables B8 or B12, the
N5 insulation shall be applied with a thickness according to these tables over the heat tracing.
Heat tracing is designed, supplied, and installed by others according to 4EL64402A and
4WEL-P21 and shall be complete and tested satisfactorily prior to insulating.

15. FUNCTION NUMBER 5 – NOISE ATTENUATION

15.1 Acoustic insulation systems for noise attenuation must have materials that will absorb and reduce
the transmission of noise being radiated from piping and equipment. This is most effectively
accomplished by using mineral fiber (rock wool) insulation for noise absorption and by covering
the insulation with a jacket made of high-density material to reduce noise transmission. Insulation
designators T6, V6, X6, and Y6 are acoustic insulation.

15.2 The choice of materials and thickness of acoustic insulation is the responsibility of the Machinery
Department. A combination of insulation thicknesses, thicker jacketing material, sound barrier
material, and extra lead 'septum' layer are available (see below and Appendix A) and may be
used for acoustic insulation. The specifications to be used are specified by the Machinery
Engineer as a result of appropriate plant noise calculations. The Process Controls Engineer may
also determine that noise attenuation is required for inline items such as control valves.

15.3 Acoustic insulation available is as follows:

[T6 = 100] 50 mm mineral fiber +2 mm lead layer + 50 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket.
[V6 = 50] 50 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket.
[V6 = 100] 100 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket.
[X6 = 100] 100 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket with a lining of acoustic barrier material.
[Y6 = 100] 50 mm mineral fiber +2 mm lead layer + 50 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket
with a lining of acoustic barrier material.

15.4 The acoustic attenuation (db) for each insulation system, derived from EEMUA data is a follows:
Octave band center frequency Hz 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k
[T6 = 100] 3 7 25 35 40 40 40 40
[V6 = 50] 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 20
[V6 = 100] 0 0 3 8 18 23 30 30
[X6 = 100] 0 5 10 15 25 30 35 35
[Y6 = 100] 5 10 30 40 40 40 40 40

15.5 Comparative data is as follows:

EEMUA A 50 mm mineral fiber + 1 mm aluminum jacket (2 kg/m 2)
EEMUA B 100 mm mineral fiber + 0.7 mm stainless steel jacket (5 kg/m 2)
EEMUA C 100 mm mineral fiber + 1.3 mm stainless steel jacket (10 kg/m 2)

Acoustic attenuation (db)

Octave band center frequency Hz 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k
EEMUA A 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 20
EEMUA B 0 0 5 10 20 25 30 30
EEMUA C 0 5 10 15 25 30 35 35

15.6 Comparisons of Air Products insulation classes and EEMUA classes are as follows:
[T6 = 100] >> EEMUA C
[V6 = 50] = EEMUA A
[V6 = 100] < EEMUA B
[X6 = 100] = EEMUA C
[Y6 = 100] >>> EEMUA C

15.7 For further information on acoustic requirements and guidance on attenuation and extent of
insulation, refer to EEMUA publications 104, 140, and 141.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 10 of 28

16. OXYGEN PIPING AND EQUIPMENT

16.1 This section applies specifically to systems handling gaseous oxygen (GOX) with greater than
23.5% purity and liquid oxygen (LOX).

16.2 Insulation systems for cryogenic, low-temperature, and warm gaseous oxygen piping and
equipment must have materials that are compatible with oxygen if there is any potential for
leakage. Insulation systems can be designed to use oxygen compatible materials throughout,
Alternatively, non-compatible insulation can be used in areas considered free of potential leak
points, whereas mechanical connections (see paragraph 16.4) shall be transitioned with oxygen
compatible insulation or left uninsulated (open to atmosphere).

16.3 All insulation exposed to potential oxygen leakage shall be cellular glass, and all mastics
and sealers shall be approved by the Air Products Oxidizer Safety Committee as oxygen
compatible. Many types of insulation, mastics, and sealers will readily oxidize and burn in the
presence of oxygen. In particular, the cellular-plastic-foam insulations (such as PIR) are very
incompatible. Preformed fiberglass and mineral wool also contain oils and binders that are
hydrocarbon compounds and should not be used unless specifically approved herein. Asphaltic
and bitumen-based materials are unacceptable.

16.4 Typical potential leakage points in oxygen piping systems are flanges, screwed connections,
valves, relief devices, and pumps. Cellular glass insulation at these locations shall extend a
minimum distance as follows:

 1500 mm (5 ft) on both sides in the horizontal plane

 1500 mm (5 ft) above and 3000 mm (10 ft) below in the vertical plane

16.5 Adjacent lines and piping beyond the minimum limits required above are not required to have
cellular glass insulation. For adjacent lines, a minimum clearance of 750 mm (2 ft 6 in) shall be
provided to minimize any impingement, and relief devices and any vents and drains shall not
discharge onto non cellular glass insulation.

16.6 Insulation of oxygen piping and equipment for personnel protection shall be in accordance with
paragraph 12.2.6.

17. INSULATION EFFECTS ON PIPING AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN

17.1 For equipment any insulation requirements should be shown on the equipment process
specification by the Process Engineering Department and then on the equipment specification by
the equipment engineer so that suitable supports for the insulation may be provided. Refer to
4WEQ-1020 for insulation supports for warm and high temperature heat exchangers and
pressure vessels. If the piping around a vessel or equipment is judged to require insulation and
the vessel or equipment is not specified as insulated on the process specification, the omission
shall be clarified with the Process Engineering Department. Insulation thicknesses for vessels and
equipment are given in the tables in Appendix B.

17.2 Piping shall be designed to allow for the thickness of insulation. Insulated piping shall be located
at sufficient distance from other piping and from structures or equipment to allow for insulation
and its jacketing.

17.3 Piping shall be designed to allow for insulation to be installed on the piping. For example, fitting-
to-fitting configurations are difficult to insulate in many cases. Piping shall also be designed to
allow for the construction of removable insulation round flanges, valves, and other maintainable
items.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 11 of 28

18. INSULATION THICKNESS

18.1 The tables in Appendix B list minimum insulation thicknesses versus normal operating temperatures
for the various insulation materials. The temperatures shown at the top of the tables are the minimum
temperatures for which the thickness listed below should be used. Thicknesses were determined by
computer program according to 3PI99001 and the design basis listed in the notes for each table. The
calculated thickness is used to select the nominal thickness according to ASTM C 585. All tables list
nominal thickness in millimeters and data in metric units only. Thicknesses for R1/R4 and Q1
insulations are shown in exact thicknesses in millimeters in 4WPI-INS021 and 4WPI-INS022,
respectively.

18.2 Table B1: Insulation thicknesses; cold conservation and condensation control/reduction of heat
gain for low-temperature and cryogenic oxygen piping and equipment.

18.2.1 This table applies to the use of cellular glass-type insulation systems used in oxygen service to
prevent surface condensation and to reduce heat gain for process temperatures ranging from
-184 to +10C (-299 to +50F). See Section 16 regarding insulation of oxygen piping systems.

18.3 Table B2: Insulation thicknesses; heat conservation for hot and dual-temperature oxygen piping
and equipment.

18.3.1 This table applies to the use of cellular glass-type insulation systems used in oxygen service to
limit heat loss for process temperatures ranging from 2 to 400C (36 to 752F) operating
temperature. Listed thicknesses may be increased when heat conservation is critical. For these
cases, consult with Mechanical Systems Engineering. Table B2 applies to cellular glass.

18.4 Table B3: Insulation thicknesses; personnel protection, including heat shields for hot oxygen
piping and equipment.

18.4.1 This table applies to insulation systems to limit the outside surface temperature of the insulation
to 60C (140F) as well as when to use heat shields. Personnel protection is required only on hot
surfaces that are accessible to operating personnel (see paragraph 12.2.5). Table B3 applies to
cellular glass and expanded metal heat shields.

18.5 Table B4: Insulation thicknesses; heat conservation for high-temperature piping and equipment.

18.5.1 This table applies to the use of mineral fiber insulation systems used to limit heat loss prevent for
process temperatures ranging from 50 to +650C (122 to +1202F).

18.6 Table B5: Insulation thicknesses; personnel protection, including heat shields for hot and high-
temperature piping and equipment.

18.6.1 This table applies to insulation systems to limit the outside surface temperature of the insulation
to 60C (140F) as well as when to use heat shields. Personnel protection is required only on hot
surfaces that are accessible to operating personnel (see paragraph 12.2.5). This table applies to
mineral fiber insulation systems and expanded metal heat shields, for process temperatures
ranging from 60 to 650C (140 to 1202F).

18.7 Table B6: Insulation thicknesses; heat conservation for dual-temperature piping and equipment
and condensation control.

18.7.1 This table applies to insulation systems used to limit heat loss in all process applications ranging
from -40 to 350C (-40 to 662F) operating temperature. Listed thicknesses may be increased
when heat conservation is critical or when energy costs are unusually high. For these cases,
consult with Mechanical Systems Engineering. Table B6 applies to mineral fiber insulated piping
systems and equipment.

18.8 Table B7: Insulation thickness; personnel protection, including heat shields for dual-temperature
piping and equipment.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 12 of 28

18.8.1 This table applies to insulation systems to limit the outside surface temperature of the insulation
to 60C (140F) as well as when to use heat shields. Personnel protection is required only on hot
surfaces that are accessible to operating personnel (see paragraph 12.2.5). This table applies to
mineral fiber insulation systems and expanded metal heat shields, for process temperatures
ranging from -40 to 343C (-40 to 650F).

18.9 Table B8: Freeze protection and temperature maintenance for piping and equipment.

18.9.1 This table applies to insulation systems with or without heat tracing to maintain certain
temperatures within the fluid in the pipe to prevent freezing or solidifying. The heat tracing may be
electric according to 4EL64402A or 4WEL-P21, steam or hot fluid. Refer to Table B12 to
determine the requirements for insulation and heat tracing for winterization of water, steam,
condensate, and wet air lines.

18.10 Table B9: Insulation thicknesses; cold conservation and condensation control/reduction of heat
gain for low-temperature and cryogenic piping and equipment (PIR).

18.10.1 This table applies to the use of PIR-type insulation systems used to prevent surface condensation
and to reduce heat gain for process temperatures ranging from -200 to +20C (-328 to +68F).

19. INSULATION AND HEAT SHIELD WEIGHT

19.1 Table B10: Insulation and heat shield weight.

19.1.1 This table contains density information for the various insulation material types, as well as
calculated volumes of insulation. This information may be used to calculate the weight of piping
insulation for the design of pipe supports. A formula for calculating the weight of heat shields is
also provided. See also Table B11 for weights of jackets.

Example: DN 200 (NPS 8) oxygen line, 15.2 m (50 ft) long, at -184C (-299F).

 From Appendix A:
cellular glass (C) insulation shall be used at -184C.

 From Table B1:

Insulation thickness is 152 mm.

 From Table B10:

Density of cellular glass = 120 kg/m3
Volume of 152 mm of insulation on a DN200 (NPS 8) line = 0.185 m 3/m
Insulation weight = 120 x 0.185 x 15.2 = 337 kg (743 lbs).

19.2 Table B11. Weight of metal jacket.

19.2.1 This table contains weight information for the various insulation metal jacket thicknesses and
acoustic barriers per surface area. This information may be used to calculate the weight of piping
insulation with jackets and barriers for the design of pipe supports.

Example: The jacket for the insulation in the example in paragraph 19.1.1.

 For cellular glass (C) DN200 (NPS) according to 4WPI-INS001 the metal jacket is aluminum
0.8 mm thick.

 From Table B11:

Aluminum jacket 0.8 mm thick is 2.16 kg/m2 and with an insulation thickness of 152 mm the
surface area is 1.674 m2/m
Jacket weight = 2.16 x 1.674 x 15.2 = 55 kg (121 lbs).

 Therefore total weight of insulation and jacket = 337 + 55 = 392 kg (864 lbs).

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 13 of 28

20. WINTERIZATION AND FREEZE PROTECTION METHOD FOR UTILITY LINES

20.1 Table B12: Winterization of Cooling Water, Steam and Condensate, and Wet Air Systems, 12-
hour freeze protection options, heat trace requirements versus insulation thickness.

20.1.1 Utility water piping above the frost line must have freeze protection against the minimum recorded
ambient temperature for the plant area. This table defines the most efficient method of freeze
protection for water lines for which it has been determined that protection from low ambient
temperatures is required. Table B12 is constructed to provide 12 hours of freeze protection of
nonflowing utility water lines, based on a nominal 10C (50F) operating temperature. Refer to
3PI99001 for parameters used in determining data in this table.

20.1.2 Steam and condensate and wet air piping above the frost line must have freeze protection
against the minimum recorded ambient temperature for the plant area. Table B12 is constructed
to provide 12 hours of freeze protection of nonflowing lines and where water accumulates (e.g.,
low points, drains, drip legs).

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 14 of 28

Appendix A – Insulation Application Guides

Table A1 Application Guide by Designator

Maximum
Normal Material
Operating Temperature System Insulation
Insulation Temperature Range ºC Material Installation Thickness
Scope and Service Function Designator Range ºC (F) (F) Note 1 Specification Specification- Table
Cryogenic oxygen Prevent heat gain C1 -184 / -41 -260 / +430 Cellular Glass Multi-layer B1
piping and personnel (-299 / -41) (-436 / 806) 4WPI-INS001 4WPI-INS002
protection
Cold oxygen piping Prevent C4 -40 / -1 -260 / +430 Cellular Glass Single-layer B1
and equipment condensation (-40 / +30) (-436 / 806) 4WPI-INS001 4WPI-INS003
Hot oxygen piping and Prevent heat loss D2 0 / +204 -260 / +204 Cellular Glass Single-layer B2
equipment (dual (+32 / +400) (-436 / +400) 4WPI-INS004 4WPI-INS005
temperature) Note 3/4
Hot oxygen piping and Personnel protection D3 0 / +204 -260 / +204 Cellular Glass Single-layer B3
equipment (dual (+32 / +400) (-436 / 400) 4WPI-INS004 4WPI-INS005
temperature) Note 3/4
Hot piping and Prevent heat loss F2 +60 / +230 +38 / +343 Mineral Fiber Single- / multi- B4
equipment Note 2 (+140 / +446) (+100 / +650) 4WPI-INS019 layer
4WPI-INS020
Hot piping and Personnel protection F3 +60 / +230 +38 / +343 Mineral Fiber Single- / multi- B5
equipment Note 2 (+140 / +446) (+100 / +650) 4WPI-INS019 layer
4WPI-INS020
Hot piping and Personnel protection H3 +60 / +650 _ Heat shield Heat shields B3/B5/B7
equipment Note 2 (+140 / +1200) 4WPI-INS015 4WPI-INS016
Hot oxygen piping and Prevent heat loss L2 +204 / +400 -260 / +400 Cellular Glass Multi-layer B2
equipment (dual (+400 / +752) (-436 / +752) 4WPI-INS024 4WPI-INS025
temperature) Note 3/4
Hot oxygen piping and Personnel protection L3 +204 / +400 -260 / +400 Cellular Glass Multi-layer B3
equipment (dual (+400 / +752) (-436 / 752) 4WPI-INS024 4WPI-INS025
temperature) Note 3/4
High temperature Prevent heat loss M2 +231 / +650 +38 / +650 Calcium silicate / Single- / multi- B4
piping and equipment (+447 / +1200) (+100 / +1200) Mineral fiber layer
Note 2
4WPI-INS009 4WPI-INS010
High temperature Personnel protection M3 +231 / +650 +38 / +650 Calcium silicate / Single- / multi- B5
piping and equipment (+447 / +1200) (+100 / +1200) Mineral fiber layer
Note 2
4WPI-INS009 4WPI-INS010
Piping and equipment Prevent heat loss N2 0 / +343 -40 / +343 Mineral fiber Single-layer B6
Note 2 & 3
(dual (+32 / +650) (-40 / +650) 4WPI-INS011 4WPI-INS012
temperature)

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 15 of 28

Appendix A (continued)

Table A1 (continued)

Maximum
Normal Material
Scope Operating Temperature System Insulation
and Temperature Range ºC (F) Material Installation Thickness
Note 1
Service Insulation Function Designator Range ºC (F) Specification Specification- Table
Piping and Personnel protection N3 0 / +343 -40 / +343 Mineral fiber Single-layer B7
equipment Note 2 & 3 (+32 / +650) (-40 / +650) 4WPI-INS011 4WPI-INS012
(dual
temperature)
Low temperature Prevent condensation N4 0 / +20 -40 / +343 Mineral fiber Single-layer B6
piping and (+32 / +68) (-40 / +650) 4WPI-INS011 4WPI-INS012
equipment Note 2
Piping and Freeze protection N5 -25 / +230 -40 / +343 Mineral fiber Single-layer B8 and B12
equipment Note 2 (heat tracing) (-13 / +446) (-40 / +650) 4WPI-INS011 4WPI-INS012
Cryogenic piping Prevent heat gain and P1 -196 / -41 -196 / +140 PIR Multi-layer B9
Note 2
personnel protection (-320 / -41) (-320 / +284) 4WPI-INS006 4WPI-INS007
Note 1
Cold piping and Prevent condensation P4 -40 / -1 -73 / +140 PIR Single-layer B9
equipment Note 2 (-40 / +30) (-100 / +284) 4WPI-INS006 4WPI-INS008
Note 1
Cryogenic piping Prevent heat gain - field Q1 -196 / -41 -196 / +38 PIR field insulated Field insulated 4WPI-
Note 2
installed with fiberglass (-320 / -41) (-320 / +100) pipe 4WPI-INS023 INS022
jacket 4WPI-INS022
Cryogenic piping Prevent heat gain – R1 and R4 -196 / -41 -196 / +38 PIR preinsulated Preinsulated 4WPI-
Note 2
preinsulated with (-320 / -41) (-320 / +100) pipe 4WPI-INS017 INS021
fiberglass jacket 4WPI-INS021
Oxygen hot piping Acoustic T6 +20 / +343 +20 / +650 Mineral fiber Multi-layer / lead See Section
and equipment (+68 / +650) (+68 / +1200) 4WPI-INS013 4WPI-INS014 15
Hot piping and Acoustic V6 +20 / +343 +20 / +650 Mineral fiber Single- / multi- See Section
equipment Note 2 (+68 / +650) (+68 / +1200) 4WPI-INS013 layer 15
4WPI-INS012
Hot piping and Acoustic X6 +20 / +343 +20 / +650 Mineral fiber Single- / multi- See Section
equipment Note 2 (+68 / +650) (+68 / +1200) 4WPI-INS013 layer / barrier 15
4WPI-INS012
Hot piping and Acoustic Y6 +20 / +343 +20 / +650 Mineral fiber, Multi-layer / lead See Section
equipment Note 2 (+68 / +650) (+68 / +1200) 4WPI-INS013 / barrier 15
4WPI-INS014
Notes: 1. Refer to paragraph 6.2 of this document.
2. The use of this insulation is limited in oxygen services according to Section 16 of this document.
3. Dual temperature insulation N2 or N3 are preferred; otherwise, where oxygen requirements take priority, select D2, D3, L2 or L3.
4. If short duration non-normal operating temperatures exceeding 204C (400F) are expected; select L2 or L3.
All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 16 of 28
Appendix A (continued)

Table A2 Application Guide by Normal Operating Temperature

C Oxygen Non Oxygen

Thermal Acoustic Thermal Dual temp/ Preins. Freeze protection Acoustic
+650 M2
(4WPI-INS009/010)
Thickness Table B4
+400 or
M3 (PP)
(4WPI-INS009/010)
+343 Thickness Table B5 Dual temperature
L2 or service
(4WPI-INS024/025) H3 (PP)
Thickness Table B2 (4WPI-INS015/016)
Thickness Tables V6
or B3/B5/B7 (4WPI-INS013/012)
+230 F2
L3 (PP) T6 (4WPI-INS019/020) N2 or
(4WPI-INS024/025) (4WPI-INS013/014) Thickness Table B4 or (4WPI-INS011/012)
Thickness Table B3 F3 (PP) Thickness Table B6 X6
or (4WPI-INS019/020) (4WPI-INS013/012)
+204
Thickness Table B5 or or
V6 H3 (PP) N5 or
(4WPI-INS013/012) (4WPI-INS015/016) N3 (PP) (with heat tracing)
D2 Thickness Tables (4WPI-INS011/012) (4WPI-INS011/012) Y6
(4WPI-INS004/005) B3/B5/B7 Thickness Table B7 Thickness Table B8 (4WPI-INS013/014)
+60 Thickness Table B2

or
+20 N4
D3 (PP) (4WPI-INS011/012)
(4WPI-INS004/005) Thickness Table B6
Thickness Table B3
0 C4 P4 Preinsulated pipe N5 (12 hour
(4WPI-INS001/003) (4WPI-INS006/008) R4 protection)
Thickness Table B1 Thickness Table B9 (4WPI-INS017/021) (4WPI-INS011/012)
see 4WPI-INS021 Thickness Table B12
-40 Preinsulated pipe
R1 (America SOG)
(4WPI-INS017/018)
C1 see 4WPI-INS018
(4WPI-INS001/002) P1 or
Thickness Table B1 (4WPI-INS006/007) Field installed
-184 Thickness Table B9 Q1 (Asia SOG)
(4WPI-INS022/023)
-196 See 4WPI-INS022
PP = Personnel Protection
All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 17 of 28
Appendix B Insulation Thickness Tables

Table B1 Cold Conservation and Condensation Control/Reduction of Heat Gain for Low-Temperature and Cryogenic Oxygen Piping and Equipment

Cellular Glass - Designators C1 and C4

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN C4 C1
0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -184 Note 3
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 64 76 102
20 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 76 76 102
25 25 38 51 51 51 76 89 89 89 102
40 25 51 51 51 51 76 102 102 102 114
50 25 51 51 51 51 89 102 102 102 127
80 25 51 64 76 89 89 114 114 114 127
100 25 51 76 76 102 102 114 114 152 152
150 25 51 76 89 114 114 114 152 152 178
200 38 51 89 89 114 114 152 152 152 178
250 38 64 89 89 114 127 152 152 178 178
300 38 64 89 102 114 127 152 152 178 178
350 51 76 102 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
400 51 76 102 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
450 51 76 102 102 127 152 152 178 178 203
500 51 76 102 102 127 152 152 178 178 203
600 51 76 102 102 127 152 152 178 178 203
750 51 76 102 127 127 152 152 178 178 203
900 51 76 102 127 127 152 178 178 203 203
1050 51 76 102 127 127 152 178 178 203 254
1200 51 76 102 127 127 178 178 178 203 254
Vessels 51 76 102 127 152 178 178 203 229 254
Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are the minimum required to prevent condensation forming at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Relative Humidity 80 %
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Pittsburgh Corning Foamglas.
3. Use this column for LOX service.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 18 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B2 Heat Conservation for Hot and Dual-Temperature Oxygen Piping and Equipment

Cellular Glass - Designator D2 and Cellular Glass – Designator L2

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C Note 3/4

DN D2 L2
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 38 38 38 51 64 64 64 64
20 25 38 38 38 64 64 64 64 64
25 38 38 38 38 64 64 64 64 76
40 38 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 76
50 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 76 89
80 38 38 64 64 64 64 76 89 102
100 38 38 64 64 64 64 89 89 114
150 38 38 64 64 64 76 89 114 114
200 38 38 64 76 76 89 102 127 127
250 38 38 64 76 76 89 114 127 152
300 38 51 64 76 76 89 114 127 152
350 38 51 64 76 76 102 114 127 152
400 38 51 64 76 76 102 114 152 152
450 38 51 64 76 76 114 114 152 152
500 38 51 64 76 76 114 127 152 152
600 51 51 64 76 89 114 127 152 152
750 51 64 64 89 102 127 127 152 178
900 51 64 64 89 102 127 127 152 178
1050 51 64 64 89 102 127 127 152 178
1200 51 64 64 89 102 127 127 152 178
Vessels 51 64 64 89 102 127 127 152 178

Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are based on these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 21C
Wind Speed 2.2 m/s
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.1
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Pittsburgh Corning Foamglas.
3. For temperatures over 204C, a multilayer insulation system (L2) is required.
4. The L2 insulation system and the 250C thickness values shall be used if short duration non-normal operating temperatures
exceeding 204C (400F) are expected.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 19 of 28
Appendix B (continued)

Table B3 Personal Protection, Including Heat Shields for Hot Oxygen Piping and Equipment

Cellular Glass - Designator D3 and Cellular Glass – Designator L3

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C Note 4/5

DN D3 L3
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 25 25 51 51 51 51
20 25 25 25 51 51 51 51
25 25 25 25 51 51 51 51
40 25 25 25 51 51 51 51
50 25 25 25 51 51 51 64
80 25 25 25 51 51 51 64
100 25 25 25 51 51 51 76
150 38 38 38 51 51 64 76
200 38 38 38 51 51 64 89
250 38 38 38 51 51 64 89
300 38 38 38 51 51 64 89
350 38 38 51 51 51 76 102
400 38 38 51 51 76 76 102
450 38 38 51 51 76 76 102
500 38 38 51 51 76 76 102
600 38 38 51 51 76 76 102
750 38 38 51 51 76 89 102
900 38 38 51 51 76 89 102
1050 38 38 51 51 76 102 114
1200 38 38 51 64 89 102 114
Vessels 38 38 51 64 89 102 114

Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are the minimum required for personal protection at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Temperature 60C.
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Pittsburgh Corning Foamglas. The minimum thickness is 25 mm based on availability.
3. The shaded area indicates the use of heat shields for Air Products owned and operated facilities. See Section 12.
4. For temperatures over 204C, a multilayer insulation system (L3) is required.
5. The L3 insulation system and the 250C thickness values shall be used if short duration non-normal operating temperatures exceeding 204C
(400F) are expected.
All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 20 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B4 Heat Conservation for High-Temperature Piping and Equipment

Mineral Fiber - Designator F2 and Calcium Silicate/Mineral Fiber – Designator M2

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN F2 M2
50 100 150 200 230 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 38 38 38 38 38 64 64 64 64 76 76 76 76
20 25 38 38 38 51 64 64 64 64 64 76 76 76 89
25 38 38 38 38 51 64 64 64 64 64 76 76 76 89
40 38 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 64 76 76 76 89 102
50 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 64 76 76 89 89 102 102
80 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 76 89 102 102 102 114 114
100 38 38 64 64 64 64 64 89 89 114 114 114 127 127
150 38 38 64 64 64 64 76 89 114 114 127 127 152 152
200 38 38 64 76 76 76 89 102 127 127 152 152 152 178
250 38 38 64 76 76 76 89 114 127 127 152 152 152 178
300 38 51 64 76 76 76 89 114 127 152 152 152 152 178
350 38 51 64 76 76 76 102 114 127 152 152 152 152 178
400 38 51 64 76 76 76 102 114 152 152 152 152 178 178
450 38 51 64 76 76 76 114 114 152 152 152 152 178 203
500 38 51 64 76 76 76 114 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
600 51 51 64 76 89 89 114 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
750 51 64 64 89 102 102 127 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
900 51 64 64 89 102 114 127 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
1050 51 64 64 89 102 114 127 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
1200 51 64 64 89 102 114 127 127 152 152 152 152 178 203
Vessels 51 64 64 89 102 114 127 127 152 152 152 152 178 203

Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are based on these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 21C
Wind Speed 2.2 m/s
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.1

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 21 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B5 Personnel Protection, Including Heat Shields for Hot and High-Temperature Piping and Equipment

Mineral Fiber - Designator F3 and Calcium Silicate/Mineral Fiber – Designator M3

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN F3 M3
100 150 200 230 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 13 13 13 25 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 89
20 13 13 13 25 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 89
25 13 13 13 25 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 89
40 13 13 13 25 25 25 51 51 51 51 76 76 102
50 13 13 25 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102
80 13 13 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 89 102 114
100 25 25 25 25 38 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 114
150 25 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 76 89 114 114 152
200 25 25 25 38 38 51 51 64 89 89 114 114 152
250 25 25 25 38 38 51 64 64 89 89 114 152 152
300 25 25 25 38 38 51 64 64 89 89 114 152 152
350 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 127 152 152
400 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 127 152 152
450 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 127 152 178
500 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 127 152 178
600 25 25 25 51 51 51 76 76 102 102 127 152 178
750 25 25 38 51 51 64 76 89 102 114 127 152 178
900 25 25 38 51 51 64 76 89 102 114 127 152 178
1050 25 25 38 51 51 76 89 102 114 114 127 152 178
1200 25 25 38 51 51 76 89 102 114 127 152 178 203
Vessels 25 25 38 51 64 89 102 114 152 127 152 178 203
Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are the minimum required for personal protection at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
Outer Surface Temperature 60C.
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Owens Corning High Temperature Pipe Insulation 1200 rock wool or Johns Manville Thermo-12 Gold Calcium Silicate.
3. The shaded area indicates the use of heat shields in place of insulation for Air Products-owned and -operated facilities. See Section 12.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 22 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B6 Heat Conservation for Dual-Temperature Piping and Equipment and Condensation Control

Mineral Fiber - Designators N2 and N4

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN N4 N2
0 10 20 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 13 13 25 38 38 38 38 64 64
20 25 13 13 25 38 38 38 64 64 64
25 25 13 13 38 38 38 38 64 64 64
40 25 13 13 38 38 38 64 64 64 64
50 25 13 13 38 38 64 64 64 64 64
80 25 25 13 38 38 64 64 64 64 76
100 25 25 25 38 38 64 64 64 64 89
150 25 25 25 38 38 64 64 64 76 89
200 25 25 25 38 38 64 76 76 89 102
250 38 25 25 38 38 64 76 76 89 114
300 38 25 25 38 51 64 76 76 89 114
350 51 25 25 38 51 64 76 76 102 114
400 51 25 25 38 51 64 76 76 102 114
450 51 25 25 38 51 64 76 76 114 114
500 51 25 25 38 51 64 76 76 114 127
600 51 25 25 51 51 64 76 89 114 127
750 51 25 25 51 64 64 89 102 127 127
900 51 25 25 51 64 64 89 114 127 127
1050 51 25 25 51 64 64 89 114 127 127
1200 51 25 25 51 64 64 89 114 127 127
Vessels 51 25 25 51 64 64 89 114 127 127

Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are based on Table B5 and the minimum required to prevent condensation forming at these design
conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Relative Humidity 80 %
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Owens Corning High Temperature Pipe Insulation 1200 rock wool.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 23 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B7 Personal Protection, Including Heat Shields for Dual-Temperature Piping and Equipment

Mineral Fiber - Designator N3

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN 60 100 150 200 250 300 350
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 13 13 13 13 25 25 38
20 13 13 13 13 25 25 38
25 13 13 13 13 25 25 38
40 13 13 13 13 25 25 38
50 13 13 13 25 25 38 38
80 13 13 13 25 25 38 38
100 13 25 25 25 25 38 51
150 13 25 25 25 38 38 51
200 13 25 25 25 38 38 51
250 13 25 25 25 38 38 51
300 13 25 25 25 38 51 64
350 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
400 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
450 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
500 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
600 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
750 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
900 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
1050 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
1200 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
Vessels 13 25 25 25 51 51 76
Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are the minimum required for personal protection at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
Outer Surface Temperature 60C
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Owens Corning High Temperature Pipe Insulation 1200 rock wool.
3. The shaded area indicates the use of heat shields in place of insulation for Air Products owned and operated facilities. See Section 12.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 24 of 28
Appendix B (continued)

Table B8 Freeze Protection and Temperature Maintenance for Piping and Equipment

Mineral Fiber - Designator N5

Pipe Size Freeze Temperature Maintenance

DN Protection C
C
5 10 25 40 50
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 (5.8) 25 (6.7) 25 (8.6) 38 (8.6) 51 (9.6)
20 25 (6.7) 25 (7.7) 25 (10.6) 38 (10.6) 51 (11.5)
25 25 (6.7) 25 (7.7) 25 (11.5) 38 (11.5) 51 (12.5)
40 25 (8.6) 25 (10.6) 38 (11.5) 51 (11.5) 64 (12.5)
50 25 (10.6) 25 (12.5) 38 (12.5) 51 (13.5) 64 (15.4)
80 38 (10.6) 38 (12.5) 51 (14.4) 64 (15.4) 76 (17.3)
100 38 (12.5) 38 (15.4) 51 (17.3) 64 (18.3) 76 (20.2)
150 38 (18.3) 38 (21.1) 51 (23.1) 64 (25.0) 76 (26.9)
200 51 (17.3) 51 (20.2) 64 (23.1) 76 (25.9) 76 (31.7)
250 51 (20.2) 51 (24.0) 64 (27.9) 76 (30.8) 76 (38.4)
300 51 (24.0) 51 (27.9) 64 (31.7) 76 (35.6) 89 (39.4)
350 51 (26.9) 51 (31.7) 64 (36.5) 76 (39.4) 89 (43.2)
400 51 (30.8) 51 (35.6) 64 (40.4) 76 (44.2) 89 (48.1)
450 51 (33.6) 51 (39.4) 64 (45.2) 76 (49.0) 89 (52.9)
500 51 (37.5) 51 (43.3) 64 (49.0) 76 (53.8) 89 (58.6)
600 51 (44.2) 51 (51.9) 76 (50.0) 89 (55.8) 102 (59.6)
750 51 (53.8) 64 (51.9) 76 (60.6) 102 (58.6) 102 (72.1)
900 64 (51.9) 76 (51.9) 89 (62.5) 102 (69.2) 102 (84.6)
Vessels 64 (*) 76 (*) 89 (*) 102 (*) 102 (*)
* Heat loss for vessels is a function of surface area of the individual vessel.

Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown are the minimum required at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: -29C
Wind Speed 9 m/s
Relative Humidity 80 %
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.1
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Owens Corning High Temperature Pipe Insulation 1200 rock wool.
3. Thicknesses shown are for electric, steam or hot fluid heat tracing.
4. The values shown in parentheses are heat loss in Watts/meter of pipe, for the given insulation and pipe temperature.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 25 of 28

Appendix B (continued)

Table B9 Cold Conservation and Condensation Control/Reduction of Heat Gain for Low-Temperature and Cryogenic Piping and Equipment

Polyisocyanurate (PIR) – Designators P1 and P4

Pipe Size Operating Temperature C

DN P4 P1
0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -180 Note 3 -200 Note 4
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15 25 25 38 51 51 64 64 64 76 76 89
20 25 25 38 51 51 64 64 76 76 89 89
25 25 25 38 51 64 64 64 76 76 89 89
40 25 25 51 51 64 76 76 76 76 102 102
50 25 25 51 51 64 76 76 89 102 102 102
80 25 38 51 64 64 76 89 89 102 114 114
100 25 38 51 64 76 76 102 102 102 114 114
150 25 38 51 64 76 89 114 114 114 114 152
200 25 38 51 64 89 89 114 114 114 152 152
250 25 38 64 64 89 114 114 114 152 152 152
300 25 38 64 76 89 114 114 127 152 152 152
350 25 51 76 76 102 102 127 127 152 152 152
400 25 51 76 76 102 102 127 127 152 152 152
450 25 51 76 76 102 102 127 127 152 152 152
500 25 51 76 76 102 127 127 152 152 152 178
600 25 51 76 76 102 127 127 152 152 152 178
750 25 51 76 76 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
900 25 51 76 76 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
1050 25 51 76 89 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
1200 25 51 76 89 102 127 127 152 152 178 178
Vessels 25 51 76 89 102 127 152 178 178 203 203
Notes: 1. Nominal thicknesses shown (see paragraph 18.1) are the minimum required to prevent condensation forming at these design conditions:
Ambient Temperature: 25 C
Wind Speed 0 m/s
Relative Humidity 80 %
Convective Film Coefficient Model ASTM C680
Outer Surface Emissivity 0.8
2. Thermal conductivity is based on Kingspan Nilflam PIR.
3. Use this column for LOX service if permitted by the rules in Section 16.
4. Use this column for LIN and LAR service.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 26 of 28
Appendix B (continued)

Table B10 Insulation and Heat Shield Weight

All Designators

DN Insulation Thickness (mm)

13 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127 140 152 165 178 190 203 216 229 241 254
Volume of Insulation in (m3/m)
15 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.022 0.029 0.037 0.046 0.058 0.069 0.082 0.099 0.114 0.129 0.146 0.164 0.183 0.202 0.223 0.245
20 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.022 0.029 0.037 0.046 0.058 0.069 0.082 0.099 0.113 0.129 0.146 0.163 0.183 0.202 0.223 0.245
25 0.002 0.005 0.009 0.015 0.021 0.029 0.037 0.046 0.058 0.069 0.082 0.099 0.113 0.129 0.146 0.163 0.182 0.202 0.222 0.245
40 0.002 0.006 0.011 0.020 0.028 0.036 0.045 0.057 0.068 0.081 0.098 0.112 0.128 0.145 0.162 0.181 0.201 0.221 0.244 0.266
50 0.003 0.007 0.013 0.019 0.027 0.035 0.044 0.056 0.067 0.080 0.097 0.111 0.127 0.144 0.161 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.242 0.265
65 0.004 0.008 0.018 0.025 0.033 0.042 0.054 0.065 0.078 0.095 0.110 0.125 0.142 0.160 0.179 0.198 0.219 0.241 0.264 0.288
80 0.004 0.009 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.040 0.052 0.063 0.076 0.093 0.108 0.123 0.140 0.158 0.177 0.196 0.217 0.239 0.262 0.286
100 0.005 0.012 0.019 0.027 0.036 0.048 0.059 0.072 0.089 0.104 0.119 0.136 0.154 0.173 0.192 0.213 0.235 0.257 0.282 0.333
150 0.007 0.015 0.024 0.036 0.047 0.060 0.077 0.091 0.107 0.124 0.141 0.161 0.180 0.200 0.223 0.245 0.270 0.294 0.319 0.346
200 0.008 0.020 0.031 0.044 0.061 0.076 0.091 0.108 0.126 0.145 0.164 0.185 0.207 0.230 0.254 0.278 0.304 0.330 0.358 0.386
250 0.010 0.023 0.040 0.055 0.070 0.087 0.105 0.124 0.143 0.164 0.186 0.208 0.233 0.257 0.283 0.309 0.337 0.365 0.394 0.425
300 0.012 0.026 0.046 0.063 0.081 0.100 0.119 0.140 0.162 0.184 0.209 0.233 0.259 0.285 0.312 0.341 0.370 0.401 0.432 0.464
350 0.013 0.029 0.046 0.063 0.083 0.102 0.122 0.145 0.167 0.192 0.216 0.241 0.268 0.295 0.324 0.353 0.383 0.415 0.447 0.480
400 0.015 0.033 0.052 0.071 0.093 0.114 0.136 0.161 0.185 0.212 0.238 0.266 0.294 0.323 0.354 0.385 0.418 0.451 0.485 0.520
450 0.017 0.036 0.058 0.079 0.103 0.126 0.151 0.177 0.203 0.232 0.260 0.290 0.320 0.352 0.384 0.417 0.452 0.487 0.523 0.561
500 0.019 0.041 0.064 0.087 0.112 0.138 0.164 0.193 0.221 0.252 0.282 0.314 0.346 0.379 0.414 0.449 0.485 0.523 0.561 0.600
600 0.023 0.048 0.075 0.103 0.132 0.162 0.192 0.225 0.257 0.292 0.327 0.362 0.398 0.436 0.474 0.513 0.554 0.595 0.637 0.681
750 0.028 0.061 0.093 0.127 0.162 0.198 0.234 0.273 0.311 0.352 0.393 0.434 0.476 0.520 0.564 0.609 0.656 0.703 0.751 0.800
900 0.034 0.071 0.111 0.150 0.192 0.234 0.276 0.321 0.366 0.413 0.459 0.507 0.555 0.604 0.655 0.706 0.758 0.812 0.866 0.921
1050 0.079 0.084 0.129 0.174 0.222 0.270 0.318 0.369 0.420 0.473 0.525 0.579 0.633 0.688 0.745 0.802 0.860 0.919 0.980 1.041
1200 0.045 0.094 0.146 0.198 0.252 0.306 0.360 0.418 0.474 0.534 0.592 0.651 0.712 0.773 0.835 0.899 0.963 1.028 1.094 1.162

Notes: To obtain the weight of insulation per linear meter, multiply the figures above by the following factors:
Cellular glass designator C, D and L 120 kg/m3
PIR designator P 32 kg/m3
Rock wool designator F, N, T, V, X and Y 140 kg/m3
Calcium Silicate designator M 240 kg/m3

To obtain the total weight of insulation, add the weight of insulation from this table to the weight of metal jacket and, if appropriate, the sound
barrier and lead layer from Table B10. See Section 19 for a worked example.
To obtain the weight of heat shields, designator H, use the formula: weight in kg = 0.004D + 0.41, where D is the pipe outside diameter in mm.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 27 of 28
Appendix B (continued)

Table B11 Insulation Jacket Weight

All Designators

DN Insulation Thickness (mm)

13 25 38 51 64 76 89 102 114 127 140 152 165 178 190 203 216 229 241 254
2
Surface Area in m / m
15 0.154 0.229 0.320 0.399 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756
20 0.192 0.229 0.320 0.399 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756
25 0.192 0.280 0.358 0.443 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756
40 0.229 0.320 0.399 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835
50 0.280 0.358 0.443 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835
65 0.320 0.399 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916
80 0.358 0.443 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916
100 0.443 0.528 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 2.077
150 0.609 0.688 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.073 2.152
200 0.767 0.858 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.073 2.152 2.231 2.309
250 0.936 1.018 1.118 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.073 2.152 2.231 2.309 2.388 2.466
300 1.096 1.175 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.073 2.152 2.231 2.309 2.388 2.466 2.545 2.623
350 1.197 1.275 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.073 2.152 2.231 2.309 2.388 2.466 2.545 2.623 2.702
400 1.357 1.436 1.517 1.596 1.678 1.756 1.835 1.916 1.995 2.077 2.155 2.234 2.312 2.391 2.469 2.548 2.626 2.705 2.783 2.862
450 1.517 1.596 1.678 1.756 1.838 1.916 1.995 2.077 2.155 2.237 2.315 2.394 2.472 2.551 2.630 2.708 2.787 2.865 2.944 3.022
500 1.674 1.756 1.835 1.913 1.995 2.073 2.152 2.234 2.312 2.394 2.472 2.551 2.630 2.708 2.787 2.865 2.944 3.022 3.101 3.179
600 1.995 2.073 2.155 2.234 2.315 2.394 2.472 2.554 2.633 2.714 2.793 2.871 2.950 3.028 3.107 3.186 3.264 3.343 3.421 3.500
750 2.472 2.554 2.633 2.711 2.793 2.871 2.950 3.032 3.110 3.192 3.270 3.349 3.427 3.506 3.585 3.663 3.742 3.820 3.899 3.977
900 2.953 3.032 3.113 3.192 3.274 3.352 3.431 3.512 3.591 3.673 3.751 3.830 3.908 3.987 4.065 4.144 4.222 4.301 4.379 4.458
1050 3.431 3.512 3.591 3.669 3.751 3.830 3.908 3.990 4.068 4.150 4.229 4.307 4.386 4.464 4.543 4.621 4.700 4.778 4.857 4.935
1200 3.911 3.990 4.072 4.150 4.232 4.310 4.389 4.470 4.549 4.631 4.709 4.788 4.866 4.945 5.023 5.102 5.180 5.259 5.338 5.416
Notes: 1. To obtain the weight of a jacket per linear meter of insulation, multiply the figures above by the following factors:
Aluminum jacket 0.6 mm thick (insulation o.d. < 150) Note 2 1.62 kg/m2 Based on aluminum at 2700 kg/m^3
Aluminum jacket 0.8 mm thick (insulation o.d. > 150, ≤ 500) Note 2 2.16 kg/m2 Based on aluminum at 2700 kg/m^3
Aluminum jacket 1.0 mm thick (insulation o.d. > 500) Note 2 2.70 kg/m2 Based on aluminum at 2700 kg/m^3
Stainless steel jacket 0.6 mm thick 4.80 kg/m2 Based on stainless steel at 8000 kg/m^3
Stainless steel jacket 0.8 mm thick 6.40 kg/m2 Based on stainless steel at 8000 kg/m^3
Stainless steel jacket 1.0 mm thick 8.00 kg/m2 Based on stainless steel at 8000 kg/m^3
Sound barrier only 4 mm thick 8.00 kg/m2 Based on Idikell
Lead layer (use 51 thick insulation) 2 mm thick 22.68 kg/m2 Based on lead at 11340 kg/m^3

2. Applicable to standard insulation in 4WPI-INS001, 4WPI-INS004, 4WPI-INS006, 4WPI-INS009, 4WPI-INS011, 4WPI-INS013, 4WPI-INS019,
4WPI-INS024, and 4WPI-INS025.

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
 3PI99002, Rev. 3, Page 28 of 28
Appendix B (continued)

Table B12 Winterization of Cooling Water, Steam and Condensate, and Wet Air Systems
Mineral Fiber – Designator N5
12-Hour Freeze Protection Options
Heat Trace Requirements Versus Insulation Thickness (mm)

Nominal
Site Minimum Ambient Temperature C
Pipe Size
DN -1.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0
Nominal thickness of insulation in mm
15, 20, 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25
40 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25
50 25 76 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25 HT / 25
80 25 51 51 64 76 HT / 38
100 NFP 25 38 38 51 76
150 NFP 25 25 25 38 64
200 NFP 25 25 25 25 51
250 NFP NFP 13 13 25 51
300 NFP NFP NFP 13 13 38
350 NFP NFP NFP 13 13 38
400 NFP NFP NFP NFP 13 25
450 NFP NFP NFP NFP 13 25
500 NFP NFP NFP NFP 13 25
600 NFP NFP NFP NFP NFP 25
750 NFP NFP NFP NFP NFP 13
900 NFP NFP NFP NFP NFP NFP
HT / 25 = Heat trace and insulate (25 mm thick)
HT / 38 = Heat trace and insulate (38 mm thick)
NFP = No freeze protection required

Notes:

1. This applies to static water, steam and condensate, and wet air lines.
2. For steam and condensate systems, these requirements are for static and drain lines only; heat
conservation or personnel protection is assumed for all main lines that will be above these freeze
protection requirements.
3. Insulation thickness (see paragraph 18.1) based on providing freeze protection for up to 12 hours
with the objective of limiting or minimizing the high-cost alternative of using heat tracing.
4. Lines with continuous flow in main circulation do not require any freeze protection; static vent and
drain lines still require protection.
5. Plants with drains in automatic free-draining systems and manual systems downstream of the valve
do not require protection.
6. To prevent freezing in the event of an equipment shutdown of more than 12 hours, isolation and
draining might be required.
7. Insulation is mineral fiber to 4WPI-INS011 and 4WPI-INS012 (N5).

All information herein is the confidential property of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., unless another source is shown.
This information is subject to return on demand and must not be disclosed or reproduced without prior written consent.
 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.