What goes into each

section?
INTRODUCTION
(Why did you start?
What goes into each
section?
INTRODUCTION
(Why did you start?
WHAT GOES INTO EACH ACTION?
INTRODUCTION
(Why did you start?)
Background of the Study
 Provide a background/scenario which leads to the present investigation
 Cite existing literature that require, support, or promote importance of the topic.
 Mention some related studies and briefly discuss their findings. Be sure these
findings
help build a ground for your study.
 Discuss how this existing problem has been addressed
 Express the desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a situation,
circumstance, or phenomenon
 Link all this to the aim of the study
Statement of the Problem
  State the main goal of your study
 List down the specific objectives/specific problems
Hypothesis
 Include this if you want to test for significant relationship or difference between
or among variables
Theoretical Framework (TF)
 Create a brief introductory paragraph that leads to the mention of the theory
 State and discuss the theory. Mention the proponent(s)
Conceptual Framework (CF)
 Discuss the system of concepts, assumptions, expectations, and beliefs that
support your
Study
 Discuss your CF in a diagram or illustration by identifying the key factors,
concepts or variables of the study
Scope and Limitations
 State the locale of the study, the population from which the respondents/data will
be selected/collected and the period of the study
 Discuss the limitations or constraints of the study
Significance of the Study
 Discuss the relevance of the study. Of what use is it? What practical values does it
have?
 Discuss how your paper could best benefit related groups of people in the
organization and other sectors of society, e. g. school administration, instructor,
students, etc

RESULTS (What did you find?)

 Present your key results without interpretation, in an orderly and logical sequence
using both text and illustrative materials (Tables and Figures)
 Do not reiterate each value from a Figure or Table – only the key result or trends
that each conveys
 Do not present the same data in both Table and Figure- this is considered
redundant and a waste of space and energy
DISCUSSION (What does it mean?)
  Interpret your results in the light of what was already known about the subject of
the investigation
Fundamental questions to answer:
 Do your results provide answers to your hypotheses? If so, how do you interpret
your findings?
 Do your findings agree with what others have shown? If not, do they suggest an
alternative explanation or perhaps design flaw in your experiment (or theirs).
CONCLUSIONS (May include conclusions, implications and recommendations.)
(Conclusion)
 Formulate your own statements on the basis of the problems, hypothesis stated
and the findings gathered from the study.
 Support these statements by citing specific findings of your study.
(Implications)
 Explain what the findings imply (what it means).
 Discuss how the findings can affect the immediate sectors of the institution or
community
 Suggest future studies that can be done in the light of the findings gathered from
the study.(Recommendations)
 Enumerate what suggestions you can give based in the findings

RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE

Title Page(One Page)
Abstract(One Page)
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis/Hypotheses (If Applicable)
 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework (if applicable)
Scope and Limitations
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3
METHODS/MATERIALS AND METHODS
Research Design
Participants/ Subjects of the Study
Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Tools*Other components/variations c/o discipline (if Applicable)
Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION,CONCLUSIONS(Conclusions) (Implications)
(recommendations)
REFERENCES
APPENDICES

Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Kalibo, Aklan

A FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF POTTERY MAKING IN BAYANGAN

VILLAGE, LEZO, AKLAN
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in CRPH (Readings in Philippine History)

By:

________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
_________________________________

May, 2023
 Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

Kalibo, Aklan

LECHON FESTIVAL: WHERE ART MEETS DIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in CRPH (Readings in Philippine History)

By:

RYAN M. BANDEJAS

JEFFERSON C. PANES

DANIEL LOUISE F. TAMBONG

May 2023

Chapter I
 Introduction of the Study

This chapter has five parts: (1) Background of the Study; (2) Statement of the

Problem; (3) Scope and Limitations; (4) Significance of the Study; and (5) Definition of

Terms.

Part One, Background of the Study, provides an overview of the topic being

investigated and may include a more comprehensive description.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem, formulates the research questions that you

intend to address and answer through your study.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, highlights the significance and relevance of

your research findings to both individuals and the wider community.

Part Four, Scope and Limitations, establishes the boundaries and extent of your

study, outlining the specific areas you will focus on as well as any constraints or

limitations that may affect your research.

Part Five, Definition of Terms, offers clear explanations for any technical or

unfamiliar vocabulary used in your study, ensuring that readers can understand and

interpret your work accurately.

Background of the Study

The festival is the heart of Philippine culture and plays a significant role in the

country's democratic landscape. From extravagant street parades to colorful costumes,

traditional dancing, and lively music, festivals bring people from different backgrounds

together. In a country as diverse as the Philippines, festivals foster a sense of communal

belonging and shared identity, which in turn contributes to a thriving democracy.

Moreover, festivals in the Philippines also serve as a platform for local leaders and

inhabitants to voice their opinions and concerns about community issues. Through

festivals, the community is empowered to participate in collective decision-making

processes and collaborate with state officials towards enhancing local governance. The

Department of Tourism recognizes the importance of festivals in promoting cultural

heritage and tourism. It is important to note, however, that despite the rhetoric of

festivals' central role in democracy and public discourse, their demographics are often

homogenous. Therefore, festival organizers need to ensure that participation and

representation are inclusive of all members of society.

Numanciahanon celebrates Lechon Parade, or as the locals call it, “Parada it

Litson, Anwang ag Baka,” which is the highlight of the Agro-Industrial Trade Fair, and

their religious fiesta, which is the main event in the town of Numancia to honor its patron

saint, Saint Joseph the Worker. The Municipality of Numancia takes pride in being the

capital of Lechon in Aklan. It is said that they had celebrated this fiesta since 1856 when

it was first recognized as a town separated from Kalibo. Throughout the many decades

that passed, the Numanciahanon annually celebrated this local festival. They were

committed to showing how they truly honored the saint in their town.
Statement of the Problem

Recognizing the criticality of identifying and precisely defining the problem, our

research aspires to thoroughly investigate and provide comprehensive insights by

addressing the following pivotal questions:

1. Why does the Lechon Festival in Numancia, Aklan continue to be celebrated?

2. How has the festival shaped the identity of the municipality over time?

3. What cultural and economic importance does it hold for the community?

Scope and Limitations

Our research is deliberately focused and limited to the study of the Lechon

Festival, a well-known cultural event celebrated exclusively in the town of Numancia,

Aklan. With precision, we aim to uncover the festival's artistic and diverse historical

facets, exploring its distinct tradition and cultural importance.

To comprehensively explore the cultural diversity inherent in the Lechon Festival,

we will utilize interviews as our research method. These interviews will be conducted

specifically with Numanciahanons who possess significant knowledge and understanding

of the festival's diverse aspects and historical context. By focusing on individuals from

the local community who reside in or are affiliated with Numancia, we aim to gather

authentic and valuable insights that reflect the unique cultural richness of the festival. The

study will be centered in the municipality of Numancia, allowing us to capture the

distinct perspectives and experiences of its residents as key participants in our study.
Significance of the Study

The researchers expect that this study will be useful and provide a contribution to

some parties, as follows:

For the students, the information stated in this study will give them related studies

for their future research to discover and learn more about the other local events occurring

in their areas. This will also help students pursue tourism in their tertiary education.

For the teachers, to use this as one of the sources of information to be utilized in

their teaching and for their students to learn more about our local festivals celebrated in

Aklan.

For the researchers, this research will enlarge their knowledge, and it is expected

to be one of the references in studying local events in the Philippines. It will also serve as

one of the starting points for our local researchers who want to learn more about the

origin, significance, and benefits of local festivals in our country.

For the school, the outcome of this research is expected to be a source of

information for the school to study and discover more about the stories behind the local

events in various places.

For Numancia, having reliable and accessible information about the festival of

Numancia allows anyone interested in the municipality's history to explore it accurately

and gain a comprehensive understanding of its cultural importance.

Definition of Terms

The following terms have been defined in order to aid in the interpretation of the

terminologies used in the study:

Lechon. A roasted whole pig, piglet, or cattle seasoned in spices, cooked in

charcoal, and is a popular dish of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican

Republic (Word Sense Online Dictionary, 2023).

In this study, lechon refers to the distinctive roasted or cooked pig dish that is

exclusively prepared within the municipality of Numancia and is characterized by unique

flavors, cooking techniques, and cultural significance tied to the local heritage and

traditions.

Festival. An organized set of special events, such as musical performances or

plays, usually happening in one place, or a special day or period, usually in memory of a

religious event, with its own social activities, food, or ceremonies (Cambridge

Dictionary, 2023).

In this study, festival refers to the Lechon Festival, a unique and vibrant

celebration that takes place in the town of Numancia, where the focal point lies in the

grand tradition of preparing, parading, and feasting on the roasted whole pigs.

Art. According to aesthetic standards, beauty, appeal, or something of greater

significance can be defined as a quality, production, expression, or realm

(Dictionary.com, 2023).
 In this study, art refers to the different designs and decorations combined and

applied to the adorned lechon during the parade and the entirety of the festival.

Diversity. The spectrum of individual differences and the corresponding group

memberships and identities that human beings have in society (Dictionary.com, 2016).

In this study, diversity refers to the uniqueness and collective culture, practices,

and traditions in the municipality that differentiate it from other municipalities in the

Province of Aklan.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

To promote a deeper comprehension and facilitate a comprehensive exploration of

the study on the Lechon Festival: Where Art Meets Diversity, this chapter undertakes an

in-depth examination of pertinent literature and conducts a meticulous analysis of internet

sources. The chapter is thoughtfully structured into distinct sections, encompassing the

following components: (1) What is the Lechon Festival?; and (2) When did the “Lechon

Festival” start?

What is the Lechon Festival?

According to Maria Luisa A. Valdez (2014), the world-famous “Parada ng

Lechon” originated as an old thanksgiving custom of the working class in what-used-to-

be the poor and depressed area of the western district of Balayan, Batangas, Philippines.
It was noteworthy to mention that during the Spanish and American regimes, families

who were fortunate enough to receive some significant blessings during the past year

would parade a lechon in the town plaza every June 24 - the Feast of St. John the Baptist.

For the Balayeños, the parading of lechon is the best expression of thanksgiving and

veneration to their patron saint. Even during these times, the sight of people parading

lechons in Balayan - coupled with centuries-old practice of water dousing - was quite a

spectacle to behold. The “Parada ng Lechon” is considered an invaluable asset that

encapsulates Philippine culture which may be cherished for posterity.

When did the “Lechon Festival” start?

According to Ma. Teresa Montemayor (2019), the first Lechon Festival happened

in 2000 when Monchie Ferreros, former president of the La Loma Lechoneros

Association (LLA) and owner of Monchie's Lechon, launched the "Parada ng mga

Lechon". Lechoneros participating in the parade dress their lechons in different costumes

and place them in floats for everyone to see.

In support of Ferreros' initiative, former Quezon City Mayor Feliciano Belmonte Jr.

declared La Loma as the Lechon Capital of the Philippines due to numerous

establishments selling roasted pigs in the area. The city government, under outgoing

Mayor Herbert Bautista, also classified La Loma as a major tourist destination. In

connection, the city councillors pushed for the creation of a centralised slaughterhouse

for improved sanitation and increased tourism in the area. In an earlier interview, current

LLA president and owner of Ping Ping's Lechon William Chua said he sees that lechon

business will stay in La Loma. “It was lechon that has become a source of respectable

livelihood for us here in La Loma," he said, adding that festivities nationwide would be
incomplete without lechon.

Chapter 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter reveals the methods of research to be employed by the researcher in

conducting the study which includes the research design, subjects of the study, research

instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability by using

procedures in gathering data.

Research Design

This study was made by the means of qualitative methods of researchers. These

researchers attempted to get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify and

satisfy the objectives of the study.

According to Creswell (2012), qualitative research is a means for exploring and

understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social human problem. The

process of research involves emerging questions and procedures; collecting data in the

participants' setting; analysing the data inductively, building from particulars to general

themes; and making interpretations of the meaning of data. The final written report has a

flexible writing structure.

 According to Creswell (2012) too, qualitative methods are divided into five types,

there is phenomenological research, grounded theory, ethnography, case study and

narrative research. From that statement above the qualitative methods used to help the

writer in describing the data. The result of the analysis will form a description of the

investigation that has been carried out through observations of the individual or group.

Qualitative methods, especially describing, are the best way to help the writer to analyse

the data. The qualitative research of the instrument is the researcher themself. Being an

instrument, the researcher must have a broad theory and insight, so that they are able to

ask, analyse, photograph, and construct the social situation under study to become clearer

and more meaningful. This research is qualitative descriptive research.

Subjects of The Study

The respondents of the study are composed of the people in the community of

Numancia, Aklan year 2023. They were chosen as respondents in this study to provide us

with credible information by demonstrating their expertise in making lechon and

historical knowledge of the research conducted.

Sampling Technique

The total population of Numancia, Aklan according to the 2020 Census is thirty-

five thousand six hundred ninety-three (36,693) individuals. The municipality is

subdivided into distinct barangays, namely; Albasan, Aliputos, Badio, Bubog, Bulwang,
Camanci Notre, Camansi Sur, Dongon East, Dongon West, Joyao-Joyao, Laguinbanua

East, Laguinbanua West, Marianos, Navitas, Poblacion, Pusiw and Tabangka. From the

given population, a sample side of x respondents will be selected.

In this study, the researchers employed the purposive sampling method which

involves selecting homogeneous samples to recruit respondents who possessed the

specific characteristics necessary for inclusion in the sample.

Purposive sampling is used to select respondents that are most likely to yield

appropriate useful information (Kelly 2010) and is a way of identifying and selecting

cases that will use limited research resources effectively (Palinkas et al., 2015).

Homogeneous sampling is a purposive sampling technique that aims to achieve a

homogeneous sample; that is, a sample whose units share the same characteristics or

traits. In this respect, homogeneous sampling is the opposite of maximum variation

sampling. A homogeneous sample is often chosen when the research question that is

being addressed is specific to the characteristics of the particular group of interest, which

is subsequently examined in detail (Patton, 2002).

Instrument

The interview has become the primary tool employed in this study to gather data,

and it may be conducted over the phone, using video conferencing software, or in person,

depending on the preferences of the respondents.

The interview's opening section deals with the respondents' identifying

information, such as name, age, and gender.

 The second section seeks responses related to the research topic of "Lechon

Festival: Where Art Meets Diversity." The respondents provided their responses to the

questions via interviews conducted by the researchers.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers obtained the consent of the respondents from Numancia, Aklan,

prior to conducting the interview.

The research instruments were subjected to face and content validity evaluations

by the research adviser to ensure their suitability for the intended purpose of data

collection and proper validation prior to use among study respondents.

Following the interview, the respondents were given appropriate guidance and

instructions regarding the study's objectives and procedures.

Subsequently, the respondents were presented with the interview questions and

provided with ample time to formulate their responses.

The collected data was thematically analyzed and meticulously managed.

 ↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑↑

(Padayuna lang imong naubra kara kung may nabutang ikaw, Jeff. Ayuson galing

naton kung may need ayuson.)

References

Cambridge Dictionary. (2023, May 10). Festival. @CambridgeWords.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/festival
Creswell (2012). Chapter III: Research Methodology.

http://repository.unpas.ac.id/46189/4/Chapter%20III.pdf

Dictionary.com. (2023). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/art

Dictionary.com. (2016). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/diversity

Montemayor, Ma. T, (2019). A Taste History. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=5784

Wordsense Lechon. (2014). Lechon-WordSense Dictionary. Wordsense.eu.

https://www.wordsense.eu/Lechon/#:~:text=Lechon%20%2D%20%2F%20l%C4%9B

%2Dch%C3%B4n%20%2F,Cuba%20and%20the%20Dominican%20Republic.

Valdez, Maria Luisa A. Parada ng Lechon in Balayan, Batangas Philippines to Honor St. John

The Baptist: An Ethnographic Study. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Volume 2 No 3. June 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2023.

https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/batangas/lechon-festival/

Kelly and Palinkas (2015)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7932468/#:~:text=Purposive

%20sampling%20is%20'used%20to,et%20al.%2C%202015).

Patton (2002) https://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php

 An Interview with Ms. MA.DENA GONZALES LAURENTE

Ms. Ma. Dena G.Laurente, 48, is the wife of the owner of Mario and Nelly’s Native

Lechon, operating since the 1950’s, located at Laguinbanua East, Numancia, Aklan,

Philippines.

(AKEANON: Original Transcription)

When did the lechon business started?

“Daya pat-a abi nga lechonan ngara hay original gid-a nga lechonan ra. Since pat-a nga sa

kalolohan pat-a baea nag-start. About 100 years eon nga nag-start imaw ra tapos kami

eon dayon nagpadayon. Sa ano pat-a abi ra…sa tatay it father-in-law nakon. Tapos hay

father-in-law nakon nagpadayon. Tapos kami eon dayon. Hay akon nga tatay hay 1946…

2023, mga pilang years eon? Nag-start ro lechonan nanda hay tag sa tatay pat-a nanda,

mga maintok pa eata sanda.”

Do you have any idea about lechon festival in Numancia, Aklan?

“Kat gina-parade ngaron? …Nakaintra man abi kami karon sa mga parade ngaron….Hay

bali ro pag-ano abi karon…pag-ano abi it lechon, gina-parade anay imaw tapos

ginabaligya man rayon una mismo sa ano ho…sa may covered court ngaron. Ag gina-free
taste imaw it mga ano ngara ho, mga ga-judge baea…kon sin-o man rayon gadaog.

Panami-nami baea it lasa it lechon.”

In your own observation, when did this festival started?

“Ano ho…2010 siguro kami nag-intra baea. Pero daya nga nag-pandemic hay nagpundo

ta imaw kaya uwa man kami it entry eon.”

Did you win in any?

“Huo, sa panami-nami it lasa it lechon baea.”

What is your memorable experience during the festival?

“Ro akon nga experience hay magaoy sa pagpuni. Syempre gagasto man kami. Tapos

hay panami-nami abi ron it puni man sa imo nga float baea nga nakakarga ro litson.

Tapos duyon ron, gapueaw ka gid dahil agaaga ka pa ga-ano it pag-start it pag-eaha ag

tapos hay daehon mo rayon igto pagkaagahon sa ano nga alas-syete igto eo, ga-parade

eon.”

Around how many pigs do you slaughter for the fiesta?

“...Daywa malang–gina-parade ro sambilog, ro sambilog hay naka-display eon igto…nga

gina-chop eon imaw nga gabakae eon ro mga tawo.…Ro mga gataean-aw man baea igto,

ro mga bisita hay gabakae it per kilo.

In your opinion, what is the historical or cultural significance of the Lechon Festival

for the municipality?

“Do ano kara hay mingko nanakaano man baea sa mga customer nga gaabo man amon

nga customer.…Nga nayang ga-ano baea sanda it panlasa dahil abo eon man baea nga

nagtuead nga lechonan…bukon eon it kami eang ro sambilog. Hay syempre

nakakaengganyo man it mga customer nga “Ah! Raya gali manami it lasa…,” duyon

dayon gapaabo it customer man. Hay iya sanda ga-order kamon.”

“Daya nga pandemic ngara hay nag-online [business] baea ako. Nag-ubra kami it page

ngaron sa Facebook. Ngani bisan bukon ta sanda it taga-iya hay…ga-message eata

kamon…taga-Iloilo o Manila mat-a sanda. Ga-message eata sanda ron nga ma-order ag

gina-GCash andang payment. Ag…gina-pick up it kung sin-o ginataw-an it litson. Ngani

bisan nag-pandemic…tuloy mat-a gihapon amon nga negosyo…Kumbaga hay nagdugan

pa gid baea amon nga customer nga bukon eang it mga taga-iya sa Aklan, pati kat mga

taga-ibang lugar…”

(ENGLISH: Translated Transcipt)

When did the lechon business started?

This lechon business is the original [here in Aklan]. It started with [our] great

grandfather. It started about a hundred years ago and then we continued. Because it

[started] with my father-in-law's father. Then, my father-in-law continued. And we also

continued after them. My father was [born in] 1946…{and now is] 2023, how many

years? The lechon business started with their father when they were little.

Do you have any idea about lechon festival in Numancia, Aklan?

"That one that is paraded?...We also participated in that parade. It is how it is done,

lechon is paraded first, then it will be sold right there...near the covered court. The judges

are given a free taste first...[to find out] whose going to be the winner. The most delicious

taste of lechon.

In your own observation, when did this festival started?

“Uhmm…i think we joined in 2010. But since the pandemic, the festival is halted that is

why don’t have an entry.”

Did you win in any?

“Yes, the most delicious lechon.”

What is your memorable experience during the festival?

“It is tiring on designing based on my experience. Also we spend money. Then, it is a

contest of the most beautiful float with lechon. And then, we stay late at night to start

cooking,then in the morning, by 7 a.m., it is broughtg there for the parade.

Around how many pigs do you slaughter for the fiesta?

“Two only–the one being paraded, the other being displayed there [in the town

plaza]...chopped when the people gather to buy….The people watching, the visitors are

buying per kilograms.”

In your opinion, what is the historical or cultural significance of the Lechon Festival

for the municipality?

The [effect] of this [festival] is that it encourages people, which results in more

customers….They [search] for the taste [of the best tasting lechon] because there are

many who imitate ours…we are not the only one anymore. Which is, it lures the

customers into thinking, “Oh! This is the tastiest...," and that is one factor that multiplies

our customers. They order from us.”

“This pandemic we entered the online [business world]. We created our Facebook page.

That is why even though they are not from [Numancia], they would still message us…

from Iloilo or Manila. They will just message us and send their payment through GCash.

[The lechon] then picked up by whoever the receiver is. That is why even there arise a

pandemic…our business continues. So to say, our customers increased in numbers not

only from Aklan, but also from other places…”

 An Interview with Mr. Leopoldo C. Sanchez, Jr.

Mr. Leopoldo C. Sanchez, Jr. is the Tourism Officer–Designate, and at the same, head

of the Municipal Civil Registrar in the Municipality of Numancia, Aklan, Philippines.

Could you share with us your knowledge and understanding of the origin of the

Lechon Festival in Numancia, Aklan?

Actually, Lechon Festival is not technically a festival because it entails a lot of work.

People inside the community need to be educated about festival management, it is the

first thing to know about for them to understand the cultural basis of the said festival. For

example, in a festival you need to know the dance steps, the music needed, and the

costumes that are used in that festival. I have studied many festivals within the province

of Aklan and most of the festivals celebrated in those towns are about the livelihood of

the people and their labour.

If a town decides to join in a festival, those towns hire choreographers to conceptualise

from the dance steps, the music to the uniforms that will be used in the festival. It is the

same with Lechon, the dance steps should depict the process of how lechon is made. How

the pig is slaughtered, how the meat is prepared, and the movements used during the

cooking process of lechon. Since Numancia lacks a full pledge tourism officer to conduct

festival management to the representatives of each town within Numancia, we will have

to wait until we can make Lechon Festival an official celebration.

For now, it is just a parade that is adorned by the community. They decide on themes and

costumes to put on the lechon and they design the floats where the lechon is placed
matching the theme they decide on doing. The last winners of the parade were an

academic theme from the Numancia National School of Fisheries where they depict the

lechon as if it graduated from college. Originally when I joined the government in 2002,

the mayor at that time, EI Templonuevo, was the one who started the lechon parade. He

pioneered the parade we celebrate today.

Unfortunately, during the pandemic, the parade was stopped, it was not celebrated since

everyone was quarantined in their respective homes and after the pandemic it has yet to

resume because of lack of funds. Since my proposition of creating a tourism officer

position was granted, hopefully by this year there will be a tourism officer who can focus

on the parade and make it an official festival.

What stories, legends, or historical accounts have been passed down in accounts that

have been passed down in the community regarding the origin of the Lechon

Festival in Numancia, Aklan?

I do not think there are any real historical accounts regarding the Lechon Festival. The

mayor at that time started the parade because of the DTI program: OTOP or One Town

One Product. So, you needed to identify one product that best represents the town and

lechon was that product that best represented Numancia. When you say lechon,

Numancia was always synonymous with the word. When you observe different

municipalities and different places like Cebu, the taste of their lechon is significantly

different than the taste of lechon that is made in Numancia. Lechon made here in

Numancia is better in terms of flavour. The lechon of Numancia became more popular

because of the former Mayor EI’s friends like senator Loren Legarda and former senator
Edgardo Angara. When they arrived at Numancia to donate funds to help the town, they

tried the taste of lechon and presumably liked it; they now frequently order lechon that is

made here in Numancia.

The local “lechonan” operators also contributed to the popularity of lechon. We have the

most lechonan in any place, at that time there were approximately 17 to 18 lechonan here

in Numancia, but it decreased since the former operators of the lechonans died and their

children may not have taken up the business. So, since the industry of lechon was big

here in Numancia, they may have thought that it would be a great idea to start a parade to

celebrate the local product, that is lechon. The popularity of a local business located in

Bulwang, RAMBOYS solidified our standing when it comes to lechon. Because of their

special product the “Liempo '' which is also lechon made our lechon more popular.

Have there been any scholarly or academic studies conducted on the origin of the

Lechon Festival in Numancia, Aklan? If yes, how have these studies influenced the

understanding and interpretation of this practice?

No, there are no academic studies conducted on the origin of the Lechon Festival.

Though lechon was a part of the cultural mapping of Numancia since making lechon was

one of the sources of livelihoods of the people and it was the OTOP of Numancia. But to

specifically study the lechon festival as a whole is a different topic.

Are there any specific artifacts, documents, or historical landmarks that are

considered important in understanding the origin of the Lechon Festival in

Numancia, Aklan?
There are no specific historical landmarks, although RAMBOYS is a preferred

destination to order lechon because of its popularity, but they are mostly known to sell

Liempo and Lechon Manok. You can still order a whole lechon since they can make them

and it will still be delicious. I mostly recommend people to order lechon at lechonans that

are clean and are sanitary.

I recommended vloggers like Drew Arellano to RAMBOYS since it’s the only place that

is clean and has good lechon. Many lechonan disregard cleanliness and it is bad for the

image of Numancia. They are not allowed to slaughter the pigs where they also cook

them. I do not know if they practice cleanliness since I grabbed the attention of the

authorities to thoroughly inspect each lechonan that can be found in Numancia.

Are there any printed documents about the lechon Parade?

Usually, when a fiesta is being held, we publish it in the same way as we store the

documents of the parade together with the fiesta that was held that time.

Rev. Fr. Vincent Prado Cajilig was one of the respondents in our study. Rev. Fr.

Cajilig, who was assigned to serve in the church of Numancia in 2006, told us about his

experience and religious perspective on the so-called "Lechon Festival" in our town.
“As far as I can remember, this town is already celebrating the Lechon Festival. Before, I

was asked about the origin of this festival, and I have two possible origins. Ro una sa

daywa kong posibleng origin nana kara nga akong ging-discover. Ro una hay nayang,

gakaroon abi kita, yearly food festival or provincial showcasing it atong mga products.

Ag ro Numancia that time hay sikat imaw sa lechon, and as we can see, the lechon iya sa

Numancia hay imaw ro very evident sa aton nga community, especially sa mga areas it

Bulwang ag Laguinbanua. Kung maghambae kita nga lechon hay ro gapanguna karon

nga gasueod sa isip it mga tawo hay Bulwang.”

Rev. Fr. Lechon, according to Cajilis, is a popular product in the town of Numancia and

corresponds to a celebration on May 1.

“Though ro aton ta nga religious festival under the patroness St. Joseph the Worker, but

at the same time it was a municipal festival, civic gathering or thanksgiving.”

Rev. Fr. Cajilig came from Buruanga (a 5th municipality in the province of

Aklan,Philippines) and he mentioned some traditional events happening in that place.

“In Buruanga, we celebrate this religious festival celebrated by the parish June 12 and 13,

San Antonio de Padua. We have devotional and municipal festival and its patron was

Nuestra Señora de Salvacion.And later on, our Buruanga community adapted the what we

called “Panagat Festival,” and he added that Numancia had festival before Buruanga.

“Perhaps it is associated with the business world, nagkaroon man imaw it rayang Lechon

Festival to enhance tourism, but I’m not really sure if it was all about tourism.”
According to Rev. Fr. Cajilig, during the years 2007 and 2008, witnessed the lechon

parade, wherein Anwang (Carabao) were included, wearing costumes that symbolized

every group participating in that parade. An opportunity also for tourism and economic

reasons even though it is not merely related to the religious festival but it is a beautiful

activity in a festival as per Rev. Fr. Cajilis.

“Ga-fiesta kita kay San Antonio at the same time our LGU is doing their own thing, so

may mga parada sa daeanon nga ma-enjoy man ro mga tawo… not only focusing on the

core objective—showing devotion to St. Joseph—but also we have some entertainment

going on.”

How does knowledge and understanding of the Lechon Festival impact its current

practice and transmission to younger generations?

"First things first, a transmission must be handed on. So how does it affect the public's

understanding of that festival? The first requirement is that it be annually observed

culturally. In a celebration, it's not just about the parade, the program, or the activities.

What matters most is, hopefully, that the older generations can teach the younger ones

about the proper things to celebrate. Consequently, the question is ‘Why are we rejoicing

over this?’ In addition to that query, we are also asking ourselves ‘Why we are

celebrating in order to highlight the origin?’ Given that the festival is centered around

giving thanks, to me it can be a form of thanksgiving. The reason our community is in

good shape is because it is always done with joy. Festivals can bring people together, and

occasionally those who have relatives in Numancia returned home to celebrate the

festival with them, their friends, and their coworkers. Additionally, it is a time for
community unity. It is a lovely gathering and a lovely thing. Sometimes it is a moment of

reunion it mga mag-classmate dati ag mga magbaearkada. Therefore, if we are aware of

its beginnings and how it affects the next generation, the first concrete response is that we

must continue educating the next generation, in addition to our local government setting

up programs to uphold this custom.”

The 2023 Lechon Festival was delayed by a deadly pandemic and a lack of festival

organizers in the area. Rev. Fr. Before obstacles appeared, Cajilig still recalls how happy

he felt celebrating the lechon festival every year. He added that he wished to relive that

happiness for the rest of his life.

"I repeat, we must not forget to educate the next generation, and someone must be in

charge. Particularly, this festival has a positive impact on not only our town but also the

residents of it."

Rev. Fr. Cajilig told us that he is the longest-serving priest in Numancia. He said

something that touched our hearts at the end of the interview.

“Always remember that festivals are not about its aesthetic value; it’s about giving thanks

to the one who created us, who saved us from our sins. God, Jesus Christ. That’s the

answer to the question ‘What are we celebrating for?’ I want you to share this message to

your peers. God bless you, future engineers!”

 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS(Conclusions) (Implications)

(Recommendations)
 REFERENCES

Cambridge Dictionary. (2023, May 10). Festival. @CambridgeWords.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/festival

Creswell (2012). Chapter III: Research Methodology.

http://repository.unpas.ac.id/46189/4/Chapter%20III.pdf

Dictionary.com. (2023). Www.dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/art

Dictionary.com. (2016). Www.dictionary.com.

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/diversity

Kelly and Palinkas (2015).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7932468/#:~:text=Purposive

%20sampling%20is%20'used%20to,et%20al.%2C%202015).

Montemayor, Ma. T, (2019). A Taste History. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=5784

Patton (2002) https://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php

Wordsense Lechon. (2014). Lechon-WordSense Dictionary. Wordsense.eu.

https://www.wordsense.eu/Lechon/#:~:text=Lechon%20%2D%20%2F%20l

%C4%9B%2Dch%C3%B4n%20%2F,Cuba%20and%20the%20Dominican

%20Republic.

Valdez, Maria Luisa A. Parada ng Lechon in Balayan, Batangas Philippines to Honor St.

John The Baptist: An Ethnographic Study. Asia Pacific Journal of

 Multidisciplinary Research Volume 2 No 3. June 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2023.

https://www.festivalscape.com/philippines/batangas/lechon-festival/

APPENDICES

This chapter explores the findings, conclusions, and recommendations derived

from a thorough research study conducted in Numancia, Aklan. focusing on the Lechon

Festival. Lechon Festival has been celebrated since 2002 and has been adorned by the

community. This chapter aims to provide a detailed summary of the research,

highlighting the insights and observations obtained through an interview with three

significant individuals that have witnessed and participated in this momentous occasion.

Lechon Festival Encounters: Participant Insights

This comprehensive study examines the personal insights of individuals who have

experienced this grand occasion in Numancia, Aklan. Exceptionally provides an

opportunity for individuals to share their experiences during this episode of festivities. In

this chapter, the key findings derived from interviews are presented, preceded with a brief

description of the individuals. These findings contribute to the history and understanding

of the factors that lead to the misunderstanding of the true nature of the festival.

Revealing the accurate history that is unknown to the public. The significant findings will

be discussed and analysed in this chapter, which concludes with a summary.

This research surrounds a group of 2 male and 1 female participants who experienced

and witnessed the festival. Their engagement in the Lechon Festival ranged from fifteen

to twenty years