The simplex algorithm 7B

1
b.v. x y z r s value θ values
r 1 2 0 1 0 6 3*
s 5 3 3 0 1 24 8
P −5 -6 −4 0 0 0

b.v. x y z r s value Row operations

1 1
y 2 1 0 2 0 3 R1÷ 2

s 7 0 3 −3 1 15 R2 − 3R1
2 2
P −2 0 −4 3 0 18 R3+ 6R1

b.v. x y z r s value Row operations

1 1
y 2 1 0 2 0 3 R1 (no change)
7 −1 1
z 6 0 1 2 3 5 R2 ÷ 3
8 4
P 3 0 0 1 3 38 R3+ 4R2

P = 38 x = 0 y = 3 z = 5 r=0 s=0

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2
b.v. x y z r s value θ values
r 1 2 2 1 0 100 50
s 1 0 4 0 1 40 10*
P −3 −4 −10 0 0 0

b.v. x y z r s value Row operations

y 1 2 0 1 −1 80 R1− 2R2
2 2
z 1 0 1 0 1 10 R2 ÷ 4
4 4
−1 5
P
2
−4 0 0
2
100 R3+ 10R2

b.v. x y z r s value Row operations

y 1 1 0 1
−1 40 R1÷ 2
4 2 4
z 1 0 1 0 1 10 R2 (no change)
4 4
1 3 R3+ 4R1
P =P260 2x = 0 y0 = 40 0z = 102 r = 02 s = 260
0

P = 260 x = 0 y = 40 z = 10 r = 0 s=0

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3
b.v. x y z r s t value θ values
r 3 4 5 1 0 0 10 2.5
s 1 3 10 0 1 0 5 12*
3
t 1 −2 0 0 0 1 1 negative pivot
P −3 −5 −2 0 0 0 0

b.v. x y z r s t value Row operations

5 − 25 −4 10
r
3
0
3
1
3
0
3
R1− 4R2

y 1 1 10 0 1 0 5 R2 ÷ 3
3 3 3 3
t 5 0 20 0 2 1 13 R3+ 2R2
3 3 3 3
P −4 0 44 0 5 0 25 R4 + 5R2
3 3 3 3

b.v. x y z r s t value Row operations

3 −4 R1 ÷ 5
x 1 0 −5 5 5 0 2 3
y 0 1 5 −1 3 0 1 R2 − 1 R1
5 5 3
t 0 0 15 −1 2 1 1 R3 − 5 R1
3
P 0 0 8 4 3 0 11 R4 − 4 R1
5 5 3

P = 11 x = 2 y =1 z=0 r=0 s=0 t =1

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4
Basic x1 x2 x3 x4 s t u θ
r Value
variable values
r 1 4 3 1 1 0 0 0 95 95
1
s 2 1 2 3 0 1 0 0 67 33
2
t 1 3 2 2 0 0 1 0 75 75
u 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 72 24
P −4 3 −2 −3 0 0 0 0 0

Row
Basic x1 x2 x3 x4 s u
r t Value operations
variable
1 2 1 1 R1 − R4
r 0 3 2 1 0 0 − 71
3 3 3 3
1 4 2 2 R2 − 2R4
s 0 − 1 0 1 0 − 19
3 3 3 3
1 2 1 1 R3 − R4
t 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 − 51
3 3 3 3
2 1 2 1 R4 ÷ 3
x1 1 0 0 0 24
3 3 3 3
2 2 1 4 R5 + 4R4
P 0 5 − − 0 0 0 96
3 3 3 3

Basic x1 x2 x3 x4 s t u θ
r Value
variable values
1 2 1 1 5
r 0 3 2 1 0 0 − 71 26
3 3 3 3 8

1 4 2 2 1
s 0 − 1 0 1 0 − 19
3 3 3 3 14
4
1 2 1 1
t 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 − 51 3
3 3 3 3 30
5
2 1 2 1
x1 1 0 0 0 24 72
3 3 3 3
2 2 1 4
P 0 5 − − 0 0 0 96
3 3 3 3

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4 continued
Basic x1 x2 x3 x4 s u Row
r t Value
variable operations
2
R1 −2
r 0 4 0 −3 1 −2 0 1 33 3
R2
1 1 3 1 1 3
x3 0 − 1 1 0 0 − 14 R2
4 4 4 2 4 4
3 3 1 1 1 2
t 0 2 0 − 0 −1 1 27 R3 −1 R2
4 4 4 2 4 3
3 1 1 1 1 1
x1 1 0 0 − 0 19 R4 − R2
4 4 4 2 4 3
1 1 1 1 1 2
P 0 5 0 0 0 105 R1 + R2
2 2 2 2 2 3
1 1 1 1
Maximum P = 105 , when x1 = 19 , x2 = 0, x3 = 14 , x4 = 0, r = 33, s = 0, t = 27 , u = 0
2 4 4 4

5 Let S = − P , so maximise S = −3x − 6 y + 32 z

Basic θ
x y z r s t u Value values
variable
r 1 6 24 1 0 0 0 672 28
s 3 1 24 0 1 0 0 336 14
1
t 1 3 16 0 0 1 0 168 10
2
u 2 3 32 0 0 0 1 352 11
P 3 6 −32 0 0 0 0 0

Basic x y z s u Row
r t Value
variable operations
1 1 1
r − 1 0 1 0 −1 0 420 R1 − 24R3
2 2 2
1 1 1
s 1 −3 0 0 1 −1 0 84 R2 − 24R3
2 2 2
1 3 1 1
z 1 0 0 0 10 R3 ÷ 16
16 16 16 2
u 0 −3 0 0 0 −2 1 16 R4+ 32R3
S 5 12 0 0 0 2 0 336

1
Minimum P = −336 ( S = 336 ), when x = 0, y = 0, z = 10 , r = 420, s = 84, t = 0, u = 16
2

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6 Let S = − P , so maximise S = −2 x + 2 y − 3z

Basic x y z s t
θ
r Value
variable values
r 4 2 1 1 0 0 2 1
s 2 4 2 0 1 0 8 2
1
t 3 3 4 0 0 1 4 1
3
S 2 −2 3 0 0 0 0

Basic x y z s Row
r t Value
variable operations
y 1 1
2 1 0 0 1 R1 ÷ 2
2 2
s −6 0 0 −2 1 0 4 R2 − 4R1
1 1
t −3 0 2 −1 0 1 1 R3 − 1R1
2 2
S 6 0 4 1 0 0 2 R4 + 2R1

Minimum P = −2 ( S = 2 ), when x = 0, y = 1, z = 0, r = 0, s = 4, t = 1

7 For Q1
a
P = 5x + 6 y + 42 5(0) + 6(3) + 4(5) = 38
x + 2y + r = 6 0 + 2(3) + 0 = 6
5x + 3y + 32 + 5 = 24 5(0) + 3(3) + 3(5) + 0 = 24
b P + 8 x + r + 4 s = 38
3 3
1 x+ y+ 1r =3
2 2
7 x+z−1r+1s =5
6 2 3
8
c P = 38 − x − r − 4 s so increasing x, r or s would decrease P.
3 3

7 For Q2
a P = 3x + 4 y + 10z ⇒ 3(0) + 4(10) + 10(10) = 260
x + 2 y + 2z + r = 100 ⇒ 0 + 2(40) + 2(10) + 0 = 100
x + 4z + s = 40 ⇒ 0 + 4(10) + 0 = 40
b P + 1 x + 2r + 3 s = 260
2 2
1 x + y + 1 r − 1 s = 40
4 2 4
1 x + z + 1 s = 10
4 4
c P = 260 − 1 x − 2r − 3 s, so increasing x, r , or s would decrease P.
2 2

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7 For Q3
a P = 3x + 5y + 2z ⇒ 3(2) + 5(1) + 2(0) = 11
3x + 4 y + 5z + r = 10 ⇒ 3(2) + 4(1) + 5(0) + 0 = 10
x + 3y + 10z + s = 5 ⇒ 2 + 3(1) + 10(0) + 0 = 5
x − 2 y + t = 1⇒ 2 − 2(1) + 1 = 1
b P + 8 z + 4 r + 3 s = 11
5 5
3
x − 5z + r − 4 s = 2
5 5
y + 5z − 1 r + 3 s = 1
5 5
15 z − r + 2s + t = 1
c P = 11 − 8 z − 4 r − 3 s, so increasing z, r or s would decrease P.
5 5

7 For Q4
11 1 1 211
b P + x2 + x4 + s + u =
2 2 2 2
4 x2 − 3x4 + r − 2s + u = 33
1 5 3 1 57
− x2 + x3 + x4 + s − u =
4 4 4 2 4
11 3 5 1 109
x2 − x4 − s + t + u =
4 4 4 2 4
3 1 1 1 77
x1 + x2 + x4 − s + u =
4 4 4 2 4
211 11 1 1
c P= − x2 − x4 − s − u , so increasing x2, x4, s or u would decrease P.
2 2 2 2

7 For Q5
b P − 5x − 12y − 2t = −336
1 3 3
− x + y + r − t = 420
2 2 2
3 7 3
x − y + s − t = 84
2 2 2
1 3 1 21
x+ y+z+ t =
16 16 16 2
c P = −366 + 5x + 12y + 2t, so increasing x, y or t would decrease P.

7 For Q6
b P − 6x − 4z − r = −2
1 1
2x + y + z + r = 1
2 2
−6x − 2r + s = 4
5 3
−3x + z − r + t = 1
2 2
c P = −2 + 6x + 4z + r, so increasing x, z or r would increase P.

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8 a x, y are not basic variables, so x = 0, y = 0
3
first row: z =
2

b Reading off from the last row: P + 3x + 4 y + r = 3

9 a Reading off from the last row: P − x + 2 y − 2 z = 0

b
Basic θ
x y z r s t Value values
variable

4 1 2 1 0 0 2 1
r

s 1 2 1 0 1 0 8 8

4
t 2 4 3 0 0 1 4 3

P −1 2 −2 0 0 0 0

Row
Basic x y z s
r t Value operations
variable
1 1 R1 ÷ 2
z 2 1 0 0 1
2 2
1 1 R2 − R1
s −1 1 0 − 1 0 7
2 2
1 1 R3 − 3R1
t −4 2 0 −1 0 1 1
2 2
3 3 0 1 0 0 2 R2 + 2R1
P

c P = 2, x = 0, y = 0, z = 1, r = 0, s = 7, t = 1

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