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Week (3) Chapter 23 Part 3

The document discusses electric field due to continuous charge distributions. It explains that closely spaced charges can be modeled as a continuous distribution. The electric field is calculated by dividing the distribution into small charge elements and summing their contributions. Equations are provided to calculate electric field due to different charge densities such as volume charge density, surface charge density, and linear charge density. Examples are presented to show how to calculate electric field due to a uniformly charged rod and a uniformly charged ring.

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Khaled Tamer
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52 views13 pages

Week (3) Chapter 23 Part 3

The document discusses electric field due to continuous charge distributions. It explains that closely spaced charges can be modeled as a continuous distribution. The electric field is calculated by dividing the distribution into small charge elements and summing their contributions. Equations are provided to calculate electric field due to different charge densities such as volume charge density, surface charge density, and linear charge density. Examples are presented to show how to calculate electric field due to a uniformly charged rod and a uniformly charged ring.

Uploaded by

Khaled Tamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Electric Field-Continuous Charge


Distribution

Dr. Amr Thabet


Electric Field-Continuous Charge
Distribution

❑ The distances between charges in a group of charges may be much


smaller than the distance between the group and a point of interest.

❑ In this situation, the system of charges can be modeled as continuous.

❑ The system of closely spaced charges is equivalent to a total charge that


is continuously distributed along some line, over some surface, or
throughout some volume.
Electric Field-Continuous Charge
Distribution, cont
Procedure:
▪ Divide the charge distribution
into small elements, each of
which contains Δq.
▪ Calculate the electric field due
to one of these elements at point
P.
▪ Evaluate the total field by
summing the contributions of all
the charge elements.
Electric Field – Continuous Charge
Distribution, equations
For the individual charge elements
∆𝑞
∆𝐸 = 𝑘 2 𝑟Ƹ
𝑟
Because the charge distribution is continuous
𝑑𝑞
𝐸 = 𝑘 න 2 𝑟Ƹ
𝑟
Charge Densities
❑ Volume charge density: when a charge is distributed evenly
throughout a volume

𝜌 ≡ 𝑄 / 𝑉 with units 𝐶/𝑚3

❑ Surface charge density: when a charge is distributed evenly over a


surface area

𝜎 ≡ 𝑄 / 𝐴 with units 𝐶/𝑚2

❑ Linear charge density: when a charge is distributed along a line


𝜆 ≡ 𝑄 / ℓ with units 𝐶/𝑚
The Electric Field Due to a Charged Rod

A rod of length 𝑙 , has a uniform positive charge per


unit length 𝜆 and a total charge 𝑄. Calculate the
electric field at a point P that is located along the long
axis of the rod and a distance 𝑎 from one end (Fig.
23.15).

Analyze Let’s assume the rod is lying along the 𝑥


axis, 𝑑𝑥 is the length of one small segment, and 𝑑𝑞 is
the charge on that segment. Because the rod has a
charge per unit length 𝜆, the charge 𝑑𝑞 on the small
segment is 𝑑𝑞 = 𝜆𝑑𝑥.
The Electric Field Due to a Charged Rod, cont
𝑑𝑞 = 𝜆𝑑𝑥

❑ Find the magnitude of the electric field at P due to


one segment of the rod having a charge 𝑑𝑞:
𝑑𝑞 𝜆𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝐸 = 𝑘 2 = 𝑘 2
𝑥 𝑥
❑ Find the total field at P :
𝑎+𝑙 𝑎+𝑙 𝑎+𝑙
𝜆𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 −2
𝐸 = න 𝑘 2 = 𝑘𝜆 න 2
= 𝑘𝜆 න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑎

𝑎+𝑙
𝑘𝜆 𝑥 −1 𝑎+𝑙
𝑎 1
𝐸= = −𝑘𝜆
−1 𝑥 𝑎
1 1
𝐸 = −𝑘𝜆 −
𝑎+𝑙 𝑎
𝑄
Remember 𝜆 =
𝑙
∴ 𝑄 = 𝜆𝑙
1 1 𝑎−𝑎−𝑙 −𝑙 𝑘𝜆𝑙
𝐸 = −𝑘𝜆 − = −𝑘𝜆 = −𝑘𝜆 =
𝑎+𝑙 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎+𝑙 𝑎 𝑎+𝑙 𝑎 𝑎+𝑙

𝑘𝑄
∴𝐸=
𝑎 𝑎+𝑙
Electric Field-Continuous Charge
Distribution Final
𝑘𝑄
𝐸=
𝑎 𝑎+𝑙
Rod

𝑘𝑥𝑄
Ring 𝐸= 2
𝑎 + 𝑥2 3/2

𝑥
𝐸 = 2π𝑘𝜎 1 −
𝑅2 + 𝑥 2 1/2

Disk 𝜎
If 𝑥 ≪ 𝑅 ∴ 𝐸 = 2π𝑘𝜎 = 2ℇ
𝑜
Problem 37
 A rod 14.0 𝑐𝑚 long is uniformly charged and has a total charge of
− 22𝜇𝐶. Determine (a) the magnitude and (b) the direction of the
electric field along the axis of the rod at a point 36.0 𝑐𝑚 from its
center.
𝒌 = 𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝑄 = −22 𝜇𝐶 = −22 ∗ 10−6 𝐶

𝑎 = 36 − 7 𝑐𝑚 = 29𝑐𝑚 = 0.29𝑚 𝑙 = 14𝑐𝑚 = 0.14 𝑚

𝑘𝑄 9 ∗ 109 ∗ −22 ∗ 10−6 𝑁


𝐸= = = −1587810.746
𝑎 𝑎+𝑙 0.29 0.29 + 0.14 𝐶

𝑁
𝐸 = 1.59 ∗ 106
𝐶
(b) toward the rod
Problem 39
 Auniformly charge ring of radius 10.0 cm has a total charge
of 75 𝜇𝐶. Find the electric field on the axis of the ring at (a)
1.00 cm , (b) 5.00 cm, (c) 30.0cm, and (d) 100 cm from the
center of the ring.

𝒌 = 𝟗 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝒂 𝒙 = 𝟏𝒄𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝒎


𝒃 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒎
𝒄 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝒎
𝒅 𝒙 = 𝟏𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑄 = 75𝜇𝐶 = 75 ∗ 10−6 𝐶 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 = 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝒎

 (a)
𝑘𝑥𝑄 9 ∗ 109 ∗ 0.01 ∗ 75 ∗ 10−6
𝐸= 2 =
𝑎 + 𝑥2 3/2 0.12 + 0.012 3/2

𝑁
∴𝐸= 6650001.024 away from the center of the ring
𝐶
THANKS

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